CN113315407B - Electric energy receiving and transmitting system based on friction nanometer generator - Google Patents
Electric energy receiving and transmitting system based on friction nanometer generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN113315407B CN113315407B CN202110522440.3A CN202110522440A CN113315407B CN 113315407 B CN113315407 B CN 113315407B CN 202110522440 A CN202110522440 A CN 202110522440A CN 113315407 B CN113315407 B CN 113315407B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N1/00—Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
- H02N1/04—Friction generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/06—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
- H02M3/07—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N1/00—Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
- H02N1/06—Influence generators
- H02N1/08—Influence generators with conductive charge carrier, i.e. capacitor machines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/50—Charging of capacitors, supercapacitors, ultra-capacitors or double layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an electric energy receiving and transmitting system based on a friction nano generator, which comprises a driving component, a first friction nano generator and a second friction nano generator driven by the driving component, a circuit management module connected between the first friction nano generator and the second friction nano generator, and a capacitor connected between the second friction nano generator and a load, wherein the capacitance of the capacitor is equivalent to the equivalent capacitance of the second friction nano generator; the first friction nano generator is an independent friction layer type friction nano generator, the driving component drives the first friction layer type friction nano generator to generate alternating current, and the circuit management module rectifies the alternating current generated by the first friction nano generator and converts the rectified alternating current into direct current which is transmitted to the second friction nano generator and the capacitor; the second friction nano generator adopts a contact sliding type friction nano generator, and in the driving process of the driving part, electric charges flow back and forth between the second friction nano generator and the capacitor to form electric energy output to a load.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electric energy receiving and transmitting systems, and particularly relates to an electric energy receiving and transmitting system based on a friction nano generator.
Background
With the advent of the internet of things age with the internet of everything interconnection and the continuous popularization of portable wearable devices, the demand of distributed and low-power energy sources is increasing, and related applications and researches are rising. At present, most energy sources of sensors used for detecting, storing, processing and transmitting the internet of things information are energy storage batteries, and most energy sources of portable wearable equipment used for health detection, information transmission, position positioning and the like are also energy storage batteries, and the energy storage batteries are widely applied to daily production and life due to mature manufacturing processes and low cost. However, there are many problems associated with the convenience of the battery, such as limited capacity and life of the energy storage battery, no charging power source for frequent charging of the rechargeable battery in remote areas, and recycling of the discarded battery and environmental pollution. Therefore, the significance and the value of exploring a green, sustainable, simple and efficient alternative solution are obvious.
Low-frequency energy sources, such as wind energy, water energy, human motion energy and the like, are distributed around people's lives, and the part of energy is green, huge and sustainable high-quality energy, so that huge economic and social benefits can be brought if the mechanical energy can be converted into usable clean energy such as electric energy cheaply and efficiently. Therefore, emerging technologies based on physical effects such as piezoelectric, magnetoelectric, photoelectric and Triboelectric are increasingly emerging, and since the emergence of Triboelectric and electrostatic induction effects, Triboelectric nano generators (TENG) have been paid more and more attention and attention by researchers due to their advantages such as high efficiency, low cost and wide range of materials.
However, TENG also faces technical bottlenecks such as modular power management, standardized structural packaging, and industrialized production of signage products, where power management is an important part of increasing TENG output performance. Therefore, research to improve the output performance of TENG to enable it to be adequate for powering low power electronics and products is at the current focus and forefront of research. One direction to improve the TENG output performance is to stabilize the TENG output voltage and increase the TENG current density, increasing the electrode surface charge density.
Currently, methods for increasing TENG surface charge density are mainly improved in terms of structural optimization, material selection, surface modification and environmental control, as well as recently emerging contact split charge pumps. The charge density of TENG can be varied from 240 μ Cm using conventional methods such as surface polarization modification and vacuum encapsulation -2 Increased to 1003 μ C m -2 . Recently, the charge pump has broken through the bottleneck of further increasing the charge density, for example, 2018 in International journal, Nano Energy, volume 49, phase 1, page 625-633 [1] The middle contact separation type charge pump is firstly proposed and can increase the charge density to 1020 mu C m -2 In 2019, the international journal "Nature Communications" volume 10, No. 1, pages 1-9 [2] The charge density of the charge pump can be further increased to 1250 mu C m -2 Finally, in 2020 last year, the international periodical of Nature Communications 11, Vol.11, pp.1-9 [3] The charge density of the medium-electron oscillating charge pump is increased to 1850 mu C m -2 . However, the charge pumps are all contact separation type charge pumps, and although the charge density is gradually improved, the charge pumps have inherent disadvantages: firstly, the voltage and current generated by the contact-separation type charge pump are both in the form of pulse waves with sharp peaks, which brings great difficulty to the smoothing treatment of the voltage and current for subsequently supplying power to electronic components; second, the contact-split charge pump requires a high driving frequency for generating an effective and sufficient electric power, which limits its application range in a low frequency environment; third, the contact separation type charge pump requires a large installation space due to the presence of a stroke distance necessary for ensuring the contact and separation of materials, which also limits the range of use thereof.
The prior art is as follows:
1.Xu L,Bu T.Z.,Yang X.D.,et al.Ultrahigh charge density realized by charge pumping at ambient conditions for triboelectric nanogenerators[J].Nano Energy.2018,49(1):625-633.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.05.01.
2.Liu W,Wang Z,Wang G,et al.Integrated charge excitation triboelectric nanogenerator[J].Nature Communications.2019,10(1):1-9.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09464-8.
3.Wang H,Xu L,Bai Y,et al.Pumping up the charge density of a triboelectric nanogenerator by charge-shuttling[J].Nature Communications.2020,11(1):1-9.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17891-1.
disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides an electric energy receiving and transmitting system based on a friction nano generator.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an electric energy receiving and transmitting system based on a friction nano generator, which is characterized by comprising a driving component, a first friction nano generator and a second friction nano generator driven by the driving component, a circuit management module connected between the first friction nano generator and the second friction nano generator, and a capacitor connected between the second friction nano generator and a load, wherein the capacitance of the capacitor is equivalent to the equivalent capacitance of the second friction nano generator; the circuit management module rectifies the alternating current generated by the first friction nano generator and converts the rectified alternating current into direct current, and the direct current is transmitted to the second friction nano generator and the capacitor so as to improve the charge quantity in the second friction nano generator and the capacitor; the second friction nano generator adopts a contact sliding type friction nano generator, and in the driving process of the driving component, electric charges flow back and forth between the second friction nano generator and the capacitor to form electric energy output to the load.
Furthermore, the circuit management module comprises a main circuit formed by connecting at least three first diodes and at least three first capacitors, and zener diodes connected in parallel between the input end and the output end of the main circuit, wherein the number of the first diodes and the number of the first capacitors are equal; each first diode is connected in series end to end in sequence, and each first capacitor is connected between two corresponding first diodes in series in a staggered mode.
Furthermore, a voltage doubling rectifier is respectively arranged on the positive and negative connecting circuits of the second friction nano generator, the load and the capacitor.
Furthermore, a voltage reduction and current increase circuit is respectively arranged on the positive and negative connecting circuits of the second friction nano generator, the load and the capacitor; the voltage reduction and current increase circuit comprises M second diodes and N second capacitors, and the number of the second diodes and the number of the second capacitors meet the following requirements: m is 3(N-1), and N is more than or equal to 2; every three second diodes are in one group, all the second diodes in the same group are sequentially connected in series, the second diodes in different groups are connected in parallel, and all the second capacitors are respectively connected in parallel between the two second diodes in different groups.
The invention has the following characteristics and beneficial effects:
unlike the contact separation type charge pump technology, the sliding type variable capacitor mainly comprises two TENGs (a first TENG and a second TENG) and a capacitor, charges are injected into the system by the first TENG to improve the surface of a conductive electrode plate of the second TENG and the charge quantity in the capacitor, and electric energy is output outwards by utilizing the back-and-forth flow of the charges in a conductive path between the conductive electrode plate of the second TENG and the capacitor. The second TENG is capable of not only generating charge based on the triboelectric effect, but is also a parallel plate variable capacitor capable of storing charge. The parallel-plate variable capacitor and the charge reservoir of the capacitor act, the voltage-multiplying rectifying circuit is combined to stabilize the output voltage of the second TENG and improve the current output of the second TENG, and meanwhile, the voltage-reducing current-increasing circuit which is newly designed is utilized to reduce the output voltage and improve and stabilize the output current to supply energy to the low-power electronic component, so that the output performance of the TENG technology is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 to 3 are respectively an overall structure, an explosion structure and a principle schematic diagram of an electric energy transceiving system based on a friction nano-generator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a first friction nano-generator in the power transceiving system of fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a second friction nanogenerator in the power transceiving system of fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of the power transceiving system shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 7 (a) and (b) are graphs of the measured charge and voltage at the output terminal of the positive and negative charge path output unit in the power transceiving system of the present invention, respectively.
Fig. 8 is a circuit configuration adopted to verify an influence of the circuit management module in the electric energy transceiving system according to the embodiment of the present invention on the amount of electric charge stored in the second friction nanogenerator.
Fig. 9 is a graph of the voltage output of the second triboelectric nanogenerator measured using the circuit configuration shown in fig. 8.
Fig. 10 is a graph of the voltage output of the second triboelectric nanogenerator measured using the circuit management modules for the voltage doubler, and the voltage doubler for the circuit configuration shown in fig. 8.
Fig. 11 (a) and (b) are respectively an output voltage comparison curve and an output current comparison curve obtained through experiments after a conventional rectifier circuit and a voltage doubler rectifier circuit are adopted in a circuit management module in the electric energy transceiving system according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 12 (a) and (b) are graphs of current output at different driving frequencies and different access capacitances, respectively, which are experimentally measured.
Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a buck-boost circuit newly designed and used in the power transceiving system of the embodiment of the present invention to reduce and stabilize the output voltage and increase the output current.
Fig. 14(a) and (b) are schematic diagrams of the operation of the buck-boost circuit in series charging and parallel discharging, respectively.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the scope of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
For better understanding of the present invention, an application example of an electric energy transceiving system based on a friction nanogenerator according to the present invention is described in detail below.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, an electric energy transceiving system based on a friction nano-generator according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a driving assembly 300, a first friction nano-generator 100 and a second friction nano-generator 200 driven by the driving assembly 300, a circuit management module 400 connected between the first friction nano-generator 100 and the second friction nano-generator 200, and a capacitor 500 connected between the second friction nano-generator 200 and a load 600 for storing and discharging a flowing charge from the second friction nano-generator 200; the first friction nano-generator 100 is used as a charge pump in the system, and independent friction layer type TENG is adopted; the second triboelectric nanogenerator 200 is used as the primary TENG in the present system, with contact slip TENG. The first friction nano-generator 100 is used for providing electric energy for the second friction nano-generator 200 and the capacitor 500 to increase the amount of electric charge in the second friction nano-generator 200 and the capacitor 500, and the electric charge flows back and forth between the second friction nano-generator 200 and the capacitor 500 to form electric energy output to the outside.
The specific implementation modes and functions of the components in the embodiment of the invention are respectively described as follows:
the driving assembly 300 is used to slide the first and second friction nano- generators 100 and 200 to generate electrostatic induction. Referring to fig. 2, the driving assembly 300 of the present embodiment includes a fixed base 302 and a push plate 303 sequentially disposed; a linear slide rail 304 is fixed to the fixed base 302 on the side facing the push plate 303 by a screw, and a slider 305 that can slide back and forth along the linear slide rail 304 is fixed to the push plate 303 by a screw, whereby the push plate 303 can slide back and forth along the linear slide rail 304. The first friction nano-generator 100 and the second friction nano-generator 200 are arranged between the fixed seat 302 and the push plate 303, wherein the rotor parts of the first friction nano-generator 100 and the second friction nano-generator 200 move synchronously with the push plate 303, and the stator parts of the first friction nano-generator 100 and the second friction nano-generator 200 are in a static state with the fixed seat 302. Further, the fixing base 302 is fixedly installed on a base 301, so that the electric energy transceiving system can be flatly placed on a test platform or the ground.
Referring to fig. 4, the first triboelectric nanogenerator 100 of this embodiment adopts a sliding type independent friction layer type TENG structure, which includes a first electrode substrate 101, a first electrode 102, a first friction layer 103, a second friction layer 104, and a slider 105, which are sequentially disposed, where the first friction layer 103 and the second friction layer 104 are made of materials with different triboelectric negativities; the first electrode substrate 101 is fixed on one side of the fixed seat 302 facing the push plate 303 in the driving assembly 300, the first electrode 102 is an interdigital electrode adhered to the upper surface of the first electrode substrate 101, the interdigital electrode can improve the output frequency of the charge pump, so as to improve the output efficiency, the first friction layer 103 is adhered to the upper surface of the first electrode 102 and completely covers the first electrode 102, and the first electrode substrate 101, the first electrode 102 and the first friction layer 103 form a stator part of the first friction nano-generator 100; the slider 105 is fixed on one side of the push plate 303 facing the fixed seat 302, a protruding structure is arranged on one side of the slider 105 facing the first friction layer 103, the second friction layer 104 is adhered to the surface of the protruding structure, and the slider 105 and the second friction layer 104 form a slider part of the first friction nano-generator 100. In the process that the slider 105 moves along with the push plate 303, the first slider 105 drives the second friction layer 104 to slide on the first friction layer 103 under the action of the push plate 303, and due to different triboelectric negativity of the two friction materials, the same amount of different charges are respectively generated on the second friction layer 104 and the first friction layer 103, so that an electrostatic field is formed between the two friction material films. Under the action of electrostatic induction, charges adhered to the surface of the first electrode 102 below the first friction layer 103 are redistributed, a potential difference is formed inside the first electrode 102, and when an external load 600 such as an electronic component and the like is led out by a lead, current flows through the load 600 to output electric energy outwards.
Referring to fig. 5, the second friction nano-generator 200 of the present embodiment adopts a side-slip parallel-plate type TENG structure, which is essentially a parallel-plate variable capacitor, and can generate charges by itself through a triboelectric effect, and store the charges by an equivalent capacitor effect. The second friction nano-generator 200 comprises a first polar plate component and a second polar plate component which are oppositely arranged, wherein the first polar plate component and a fixed seat 302 in a driving component 300 are in a static state and are used as a stator part of the second friction nano-generator 200, and the second polar plate component reciprocates along with a push plate 303 in the driving component 300 and is used as a rotor part of the second friction nano-generator 200, so that the relative area between the first polar plate component and the second polar plate component is changed. The first electrode plate assembly includes a first capacitor substrate 211, a first buffer pad 212, a second electrode 213 and a first insulating layer 214 stacked in sequence, and the first capacitor substrate 211 is fixed on a side of the fixed seat 302 facing the push plate 303 of the driving assembly 300 and is not provided with a region of the first electrode substrate 101. The second diode assembly includes a second insulating layer 224, a third electrode 223, a second buffer 222 and a second capacitor substrate 221 stacked in sequence, and the second capacitor substrate 221 is fixed in a region of the driving assembly 300 where the slider 105 is not disposed and where the push plate 303 faces the fixed base 301. Due to the buffering effect of the first buffering pad 212 and the second buffering pad 222, the second electrode 213 and the third electrode 223 can be in close contact in a staggered relative motion, the minimum distance between the two is ensured, the equivalent capacitance value is improved, the charge storage and release capacity of the second electrode 213 and the third electrode 223 is further improved, the buffering and damping effect is achieved, the abrasion of thin films of the insulating layers is reduced, and the service life is prolonged.
The circuit management module 400 is connected between the first friction nano-generator 100 and the second friction nano-generator 200, and is configured to convert the alternating current generated by the first friction nano-generator 100 into direct current to inject an equal amount of heterogeneous charges into the two electrode plates 213 and 223 of the second friction nano-generator 200, respectively, so as to improve the surface charge density of the two electrode plates. Referring to fig. 6, the circuit management module 400 includes at least three diodes 402 and at least three capacitors 401, and has expansibility, but it is necessary to ensure that the number of the diodes 402 and the capacitors 401 is always equal, the diodes are connected in series end to end, the capacitors are alternately connected in series between the two diodes, due to the unidirectional conduction characteristic of the diodes, the capacitor plate at the side along the positive electrode direction of the series diodes is high potential, which is represented as positive voltage, meanwhile, in order to stabilize the output voltage, a zener diode 403 is connected in parallel to the two output ports of the circuit, and due to the voltage accumulation property of the series capacitors, the circuit management module 400 has dual functions of boosting the voltage and rectifying.
The capacitor 500 is connected between the load 600 and the second friction nano-generator 200, and a commercially available capacitor is used, and the capacitance of the capacitor 500 is equivalent to the equivalent capacitance of the second friction nano-generator 200. The capacitor 500 is used to store and output the oscillating charge generated by the second friction nanogenerator 200. Specifically, when the equivalent capacitance between the first plate assembly and the second plate assembly of the second friction nano-generator 200 becomes larger, the capacity of the second friction nano-generator 200 for storing charges increases, and the charges stored in the capacitor 500 will flow to the surfaces of the second electrode 213 and the third electrode 223 of the second friction nano-generator 200 through the load 600, such as an electric lamp; when the equivalent capacitance value between the first plate assembly and the second plate assembly of the second friction nano-generator 200 becomes smaller, the capacity of the second friction nano-generator 200 to store electric charges is reduced, and the redundant electric charges on the surfaces of the two conductive plate can flow back to the capacitor 500 through the load 600 such as an electric lamp. The charges between the first and second plate assemblies and the capacitor 500 flow back and forth, and a periodically varying alternating current is generated in a circuit connecting the first and second plate assemblies and the capacitor 500, which can be used to externally output electric energy.
The working principle of the embodiment of the invention is as follows:
the external force pushes the push plate 303 to slide forward (i.e. to the left in the figure), so as to drive the slider 105 and the second capacitor substrate 221 fixed on the lower surface of the push plate 303 to slide forward, and further drive the second friction layer 104 adhered to the raised structure surface of the slider 105 to slide on the first friction layer 103 adhered to the upper surface of the first electrode 102, and simultaneously drive the second buffer pad 222, the third electrode 223 and the second insulating layer 224 adhered to the second capacitor substrate 221 to slide forward together, so that due to the difference in triboelectric negativity between the second friction layer 104 and the first friction layer 103, the second friction layer 104 and the first friction layer 103 carry different charges, an electrostatic field is formed between the first friction layer 103 and the second friction layer 104, and due to the electrostatic induction effect, the charges adhered to the surface of the first electrode 102 on the lower surface of the first friction layer 103 are redistributed, and a potential difference is generated in the first electrode 102, meanwhile, due to the sliding action and the grid-type structure of the first electrode 102, the electrostatic field direction of the first friction nano-generator 100 is changed alternately, and the direction of the potential difference generated by electrostatic induction is also changed alternately, so that when the two output ends of the first electrode 102 are connected by a lead, charges flow alternately, and alternating current output is shown.
The ac current outputted from the first friction nano-generator 100 is converted into dc current by the rectification of the circuit management module 400, and charges the same amount of different charges into the second electrode 213 and the third electrode 223 of the second friction nano-generator 200, and also charges the capacitor 500 connected in parallel to the second electrode 213 and the third electrode 223. When the relative area between the two plates of the second electrode 213 and the third electrode 223 is increased due to the sliding action of the push plate 303, the equivalent capacitance between the two plates of the second electrode 213 and the third electrode 223 is increased, the capacity of storing charges is increased, and the charges originally stored in the capacitor 500 will flow back to the two plates of the second electrode 213 and the third electrode 223 through the load 600 such as an electric lamp; on the contrary, when the opposing area of the two plates of the second electrode 213 and the third electrode 223 becomes smaller, the equivalent capacitance between the two plates of the second electrode 213 and the third electrode 223 becomes smaller, the capacity of storing electric charge becomes smaller, and the excessive electric charge on the two plates of the second electrode 213 and the third electrode 223 flows back to the capacitor 500 through the load 600 such as an electric lamp. Accordingly, electric charges flow back and forth between the capacitor 500 and the both plates of the second electrode 213 and the third electrode 223 of the second frictional nano-motor 200 to output electric energy.
Further, referring to fig. 6, the ac current generated by the first friction nano-generator 100 is rectified by the circuit management module 400 to be a dc current to supply power to the second friction nano-generator 200 and the capacitor 500. The circuit management module 400 includes a main circuit formed by at least three first diodes 402 and at least three first capacitors 401 connected together, and a zener diode 403 connected in parallel between an input terminal and an output terminal of the main circuit. The main circuit has expansibility, but the number of the first diodes 402 and the first capacitors 401 is always equal, in the main circuit, the first diodes 402 are sequentially connected in series end to end, and the first capacitors 401 are alternately connected between the two corresponding first diodes 402 in series; because of the unidirectional characteristic of the first diode 402, the plate of the first capacitor 401 along the positive side of the first diode 402 is at a high potential, representing a positive voltage, and because of the voltage accumulation of the first capacitor 401, the circuit management module 400 has the dual functions of boosting the voltage and rectifying, and at the same time, applies a voltage stabilizing diodeTube 403 ensures a suitable voltage output threshold. Then, the relative area between the two electrode plates of the second electrode 213 and the third electrode 223 of the second friction nano-generator 200 periodically increases and decreases along with the sliding motion of the push plate, which causes the equivalent capacitance between the two electrode plates of the second electrode 213 and the third electrode 223 to periodically increase and decrease, so that the capacity of storing charges is periodically increased and decreased, i.e. the charges on the two electrode plates of the second electrode 213 and the third electrode 223 periodically increase and decrease, and the increased and decreased charges are both from the capacitor 500 and stored in the capacitor 500, so that the capacitor 500 can be regarded as a "reservoir" of charges, and plays a role of replenishing charges. In the positive path Q + And a negative path Q - The electric charges between the first and second electrodes 213 and 223 of the first friction nano-generator 200 and the capacitor 500 periodically flow back and forth, and an alternating current is output to the outside.
Further, referring to fig. 6, one voltage doubler rectifier 710 may be respectively disposed on connection paths of the second friction nano-generator 200 and the load 600 and the capacitor 500, wherein one voltage doubler rectifier 710 is disposed between the negative terminal of the second friction nano-generator 200 and the negative terminal of the capacitor 500, and the other voltage doubler rectifier 710 is disposed between the positive terminal of the second friction nano-generator 200 and the positive terminal of the capacitor 500. The ac power generated between the second frictional nano-generator 200 and the capacitor 500 can be converted into dc power by the voltage doubler rectifier 710 to be used by the load 600. Therefore, the positive and negative paths Q + And Q - The power output can be doubled, as shown in fig. 7 (a) and (b), for a symmetrical and oscillating output charge and a symmetrical voltage, respectively, measured at the output of the voltage doubler 710.
According to the physical characteristic rule of the general capacitor, the circuit management module 400 of the present embodiment can increase the voltage at the two ends of the surfaces of the second electrode 213 and the third electrode 223 of the second friction nano-generator 200, so that the second friction nano-generator 200 can store more charge, i.e. the surface charge density can be increased, and thus the capacitance between the two electrodes of the second electrode 213 and the third electrode 223 can be changed when the positive path Q is on + And a negative path Q - Ginseng radix et rhizoma MetaplexisThe amount of charge flowing increases, and the flowing current increases to improve the power output; meanwhile, the introduction of the second friction nano-generator 200 can enhance and stabilize the electric energy output of the first friction nano-generator.
In order to verify the above conclusion, the present invention designs a switching regulating circuit as shown in fig. 8, specifically, a full bridge rectifier 720 and a plurality of switches are added between the first friction nano-generator 100 and the second friction nano-generator 200, a current measuring unit 800 and a voltage measuring unit 900 are added on a path connecting the second friction nano-generator 200 and the capacitor 500, and a high resistance antistatic meter system 6514 is arranged in each of the current measuring unit 800 and the voltage measuring unit 900. The first tribo nanogenerator 100 provides charge and current to the system of the invention, according to S in the circuit BV0 -S BV2 And S PV0 -S PV2 The current flow direction in the system is adjusted by different on-off combination states of the switch, specifically when the switch S is used PV0 、S PV1 And S PV2 Is in a closed state and has a switch S BV0 、S BV1 And S BV2 In the off state, the current enters the second friction nano-generator 200 and the capacitor 500 after being rectified by the full-bridge rectifier 720, the second electrode 213, the third electrode 223 and the capacitor 500 are charged, the relative area between the second electrode 213 and the third electrode 223 is periodically increased and decreased, the equivalent capacitance and the charge storage capacity are periodically increased and decreased, and due to the charge reservoir function of the capacitor 500, the charge quantity Q flowing back and forth between the positive path Q + and the negative path Q-is generated S Total quantity of generated, simultaneously injected charge Q 0 Equal in number to the amount of charge Q stored on the second electrode 213 and the third electrode 223 M The amount of charge Q stored in the capacitor 500 B And the amount of charge Q flowing to and fro in the path S The sum of the three. Amount of charge Q flowing back and forth S Will cause the generation of alternating current, and the high-resistance antistatic meter system 6514 in the current measuring unit 800 is used to measure the alternating current I in the path 1 And a High Voltage Probe (HVP) in the voltage measuring unit 900 to measure an output voltage V across the capacitor 500 1 。
The rectified output voltage V is compared as shown in FIG. 9 Rec (i.e. switch S) PV1 And S PV2 Voltage across) and the voltage V between the two plates of the second electrode 213 and the third electrode 223 in the second triboelectric nanogenerator 200 Main (ii) a It can be seen that the voltage V Main And voltage V Rec Having the same maximum voltage V H0 But a voltage V Rec Is much lower than the voltage V Main The minimum voltage of (2), the voltage V Main The output voltage fluctuation of (2) is smaller, the output electric energy is more stable, that is, the electric energy output of the first friction nano-generator can be enhanced and stabilized after the second friction nano-generator 200 is introduced.
Subsequently, the switching state of the circuit is adjusted, in particular the switch S BV0 、S BV1 And S BV2 Set to a closed state and switch S PV0 、S PV1 And S PV2 In the off state, the charge and current of the first friction nano-generator 100 are rectified by the circuit management module 400 and then enter the second friction nano-generator 200 and the capacitor 500. As shown in fig. 10, the circuit management module 400 can output a theoretical voltage doubler (C) P -2), quadruple pressure (C) P -4) and a six-fold voltage (C) P -6), but from the experimental measurements, the structure designed this time is doubled in voltage (C) in these three modes P -2) the output voltage can be maximized (V) 2 >V 4 >V 6 ) While the fluctuation of the output voltage is also the least stable (Δ V) 2 <ΔV 4 <ΔV 6 ). Therefore, the circuit management module 400 preferably doubles (C) P -2) mode.
The high-resistance antistatic meter system 6514 in the current measuring unit 800 is also used to measure the alternating current I in the path 2 And a high voltage probe HVP in the voltage measuring unit 900 to measure the voltage V across the capacitor 500 2 . The current and voltage curves obtained after the two regulating circuits, i.e., the full-bridge rectifier 720 and the circuit management module 400, are compared before and after, as shown in (a) and (b) of fig. 11, which are an output voltage curve and an output current curve, respectively. As can be seen from fig. 11 (a), the circuit management module 400 is compared with the general oneAlthough the output voltage has the same voltage peak (V) in the full bridge rectifier 720 BH ≈V RH ) But the voltage system is more stable (discharge time t) b >t r ) While having a higher output current (current intensity I) 2 ＝I B >I R ＝I 1 ). Thus, the introduction of the circuit management module 400 and the second triboelectric nanogenerator 200 regulation circuit may enhance the output performance of the glide-type TENG charge pump.
In addition, different frequencies of the driving motion and different capacitors connected have important influence on the output of the system, and fig. 12 (a) shows that the output current linearly increases with the increase of the driving frequency, that is, the faster the driving frequency is, the larger the output current is. Similarly, fig. 12 (b) shows that the output current increases linearly as the capacitance of the capacitor 500 increases, that is, the capacitance of the capacitor 500 increases, so that the capacitor 500 stores more charges, and the more charges that participate in flowing, the larger the output current.
Further, in order to improve the output performance of the electric energy transceiving system according to the embodiment of the present invention, so that the electric energy transceiving system can be applied to power low-power electronic components, that is, output low voltage and large current, a voltage-reducing current-increasing circuit shown in fig. 13 is provided.
The TENG circuit output schematic diagram mainly designs a voltage-reducing current-increasing circuit 90 composed of a plurality of switches, capacitors and diodes at the output end of the charge pump, and the function of the circuit is mainly to reduce the output voltage of the second friction nano-generator 200, stabilize and improve the output current of the second friction nano-generator 200, according to the switch S 1 And S 2 To control the storage and output of electrical energy. Specifically, as shown in fig. 13, the voltage-reducing current-increasing circuit 90 is respectively disposed in positive and negative paths between the second friction nano-generator 200 and the capacitor 500 according to the embodiment of the present invention, a single voltage-reducing current-increasing circuit unit 90 mainly includes nine second diodes and four second capacitors, and the number of the second capacitors can be expanded but needs to be one third or more than one third of the number of the second diodes, wherein every three second diodes are in a group, and the three second diodes in a group are sequentially connected end to endThe two adjacent groups of second diodes are connected in parallel, and each second capacitor is respectively connected in parallel between the two second diodes in different groups.
In order to measure the working principle of the voltage-reducing current-increasing circuit 90, an ammeter a for measuring the output current, a voltmeter V for measuring the output voltage, a load R, and two switches S are additionally arranged on the voltage-reducing current-increasing circuit 90 1 And S 2 And a power supply V DC . When the switch S is turned on, as shown in FIGS. 14(a) and (b) 1 Closing, switch S 2 When the capacitor is disconnected, the second capacitors shown by the solid lines in fig. 14(a) are charged in series, the second capacitors shown by the dotted lines do not participate in the operation, and due to the unidirectional conductivity of the second diodes, the conducted second capacitors and the second diodes are connected in series end to end in a staggered manner, and at this time, the system voltage is equally distributed to each second capacitor, and the second capacitors are charged in series. When the switch S 1 Switch-off, switch S 2 When the capacitor is closed, the second capacitors shown by the solid lines in (b) of fig. 14 are discharged in parallel, the second capacitors shown by the dotted lines do not participate in the operation, and also due to the single conductivity of the second diodes, the second capacitors are connected in parallel between the two groups of second diodes which are connected in series end to end and are discharged simultaneously, and the output voltage is only the voltage of the single second capacitor, so that the purposes of reducing the voltage and increasing the current are achieved.
In summary, in order to improve the electric energy output performance of TENG, the invention provides an electric energy transceiving system based on a friction nano-generator, which mainly comprises a first friction nano-generator, a second friction nano-generator and a capacitor. The first friction nano generator is used for injecting charges and current for the second friction nano generator and the capacitor, and the second friction nano generator not only utilizes the frictional electric effect to generate charges, but also utilizes the equivalent capacitor effect to store the charges. The equivalent capacitance value of the second friction nano generator is changed by changing the relative area of the two polar plates of the electrode in the second friction nano generator, so that the capacity of the second friction nano generator for storing electric charge is changed, and the electric charge flows back and forth between the two polar plates of the electrode in the second friction nano generator and the capacitor to generate alternating current so as to output electric energy outwards. The circuit management module is used for stabilizing and improving the voltage of the two polar plates of the electrode in the second friction nano generator, so that the surface charge density of the two polar plates is improved, the amount of charge participating in flowing in the circuit is increased, the flowing current is increased, and the electric energy output is improved. The system also comprises an electric energy output adjusting unit which is used for converting the high-voltage low-current output by the second friction nano generator initially into low-voltage and high-current and then supplying power to the low-power electronic component, so that the electric energy output power of the system is improved. Therefore, the electric energy receiving and transmitting system provided by the invention overcomes the defects and shortcomings of the contact separation type charge pump technology, is essentially different from the traditional TENG electric energy output mode, can stabilize the output voltage of the TENG and improve the output current, and provides a referable and referable thought and method for exploring and improving the electric energy output of the TENG.
Claims (6)
1. An electric energy transceiving system based on a friction nano generator is characterized by comprising a driving assembly, a first friction nano generator and a second friction nano generator which are driven by the driving assembly, a circuit management module connected between the first friction nano generator and the second friction nano generator, and a capacitor connected between the second friction nano generator and a load, wherein the capacitance of the capacitor is equivalent to the equivalent capacitance of the second friction nano generator; the circuit management module rectifies the alternating current generated by the first friction nano generator and converts the rectified alternating current into direct current, and the direct current is transmitted to the second friction nano generator and the capacitor so as to improve the charge quantity in the second friction nano generator and the capacitor; the second friction nano generator adopts a contact sliding type friction nano generator, and in the driving process of the second friction nano generator by the driving part, electric charges flow back and forth between the second friction nano generator and the capacitor to form electric energy output to the load.
2. The electric energy transceiving system of claim 1, wherein the driving assembly comprises a fixed seat and a push plate arranged in sequence; a linear slide rail is fixed on one side of the fixed seat facing the push plate, and a slide block capable of sliding back and forth along the linear slide rail is fixed on the push plate; the first friction nano generator and the second friction nano generator are arranged between the fixed seat and the push plate, wherein the rotor parts of the first friction nano generator and the second friction nano generator move synchronously along with the push plate, and the stator parts of the first friction nano generator and the second friction nano generator and the fixed seat are kept static relatively.
3. The electrical energy transceiving system of claim 2, wherein the stator portion and the mover portion of the first triboelectric nanogenerator comprise a first friction layer and a second friction layer, respectively, and the stator portion and the mover portion of the second triboelectric nanogenerator comprise a first insulating layer and a second insulating layer, respectively; when the rotor parts of the first friction nano generator and the second friction nano generator move synchronously along with the push plate, the first friction layer and the second friction layer of the first friction nano generator rub against each other, and the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer of the second friction nano generator rub against each other.
4. The electric energy transceiving system of claim 1, wherein the circuit management module comprises a main circuit formed by connecting at least three first diodes and at least three first capacitors, and zener diodes connected in parallel between the input end and the output end of the main circuit, and the number of the first diodes and the number of the first capacitors are equal; each first diode is connected in series end to end in sequence, and each first capacitor is connected between two corresponding first diodes in series in a staggered mode.
5. The electric energy transceiving system of claim 1, wherein a voltage doubler rectifier is respectively arranged on positive and negative connection paths of the second friction nano-generator and the load and the capacitor.
6. The electric energy transceiving system of claim 1, wherein a voltage-reducing current-increasing circuit is respectively arranged on positive and negative connecting circuits of the second friction nano-generator, the load and the capacitor; the voltage reduction and current increase circuit comprises M second diodes and N second capacitors, and the number of the second diodes and the number of the second capacitors meet the following requirements: m is 3(N-1), and N is more than or equal to 2; every three second diodes are in one group, all the second diodes in the same group are sequentially connected in series, the second diodes in different groups are connected in parallel, and all the second capacitors are respectively connected in parallel between the two second diodes in different groups.
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