CN113315376A - Variable-weight DCDC converter based on current ripple optimization - Google Patents
Variable-weight DCDC converter based on current ripple optimization Download PDFInfo
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- CN113315376A CN113315376A CN202110684688.XA CN202110684688A CN113315376A CN 113315376 A CN113315376 A CN 113315376A CN 202110684688 A CN202110684688 A CN 202110684688A CN 113315376 A CN113315376 A CN 113315376A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
- H02M3/1582—Buck-boost converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
- H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of electric energy transmission, in particular to a variable-weight DCDC converter based on current ripple optimization, which comprises a power electronic main circuit, a low-voltage side current detection link, a Buck controller, a voltage reduction direction PWM generator, a high-voltage side current detection link, a Boost controller and a voltage boosting direction PWM generator, wherein the power electronic main circuit uses Buck/Boost topology, an IGBT converts direct current energy in a PWM mode and can work in two electric energy transmission directions: boosting in one direction and then reducing in the other direction; the low-voltage side current detection link, the Buck controller and the voltage reduction direction PWM generator form a voltage reduction control part, the switch of the S1-S6IGBT is controlled, a DC/DC conversion system capable of reducing bus current ripples is provided, the system can judge duty ratio according to output requirements, and the most suitable multiple is selected, so that the bus current ripples are reduced from the angle of mutual offset of the multiple conversion ripples.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric energy transmission, in particular to a variable-multiple DCDC converter based on current ripple optimization.
Background
The renewable energy can be recycled in nature, and basically does not generate greenhouse gases and harmful gases in the using process, so the renewable energy has wide market application prospect. At present, renewable energy sources widely applied mainly comprise hydroelectric power generation, wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation. Because of the characteristics of wind energy, solar energy and other new energy such as intermittence, volatility and the like, when the related new energy power generation system is connected to a power grid in a large scale, great challenges are brought to aspects such as power grid dispatching, peak regulation, frequency modulation and power quality, the safety, reliability and the like of the power grid are greatly affected, and the safe and stable operation of the power grid is not facilitated. The rapid development of energy storage systems provides an effective and reliable solution to the above-mentioned problems. The nature of the energy storage system requires that the DC/DC converter therein must be capable of realizing bidirectional flow of energy, and at the same time, ensure certain stability of voltage and current at both ends. A Bidirectional DC/DC Converter (BDC) is a core link in an energy storage system, and is used as a bridge for connecting a DC bus and the energy storage system.
The single-topology bidirectional DC/DC converter is limited by indexes such as single rated current and rated voltage of power electronic devices, generally has a low power level, and cannot meet the power requirement of an energy storage system. The multiple bidirectional DC/DC converter is a composite bidirectional DC/DC converter formed by appropriately combining a plurality of bidirectional DC/DC converters having the same structure (normally, the trigger phases of the switching tubes are shifted by a certain angle) in order to achieve the purpose of reducing the current ripple and the harmonic of the converter and the stress of the power electronic devices and improving the power level. Each multiple structure adopts PWM phase shift driving pulse, and shares a control circuit, the volume is smaller.
The multiple bidirectional DC/DC converter mainly has the following advantages: the problem that the current single power electronic device cannot meet the requirements of a high-power converter in the aspects of current quota, power quota and the like is effectively solved; the size and the weight of the filter are reduced, and the purposes of miniaturization and light weight of the electric energy conversion device are finally realized; the multiple conversion circuits play a standby role mutually, so that the overall reliability of the converter is improved; the equivalent switching frequency is improved, and the dynamic performance of the system is improved.
In addition, the multiple converters are driven by phase-shifting pulses, so that the fluctuation of the currents of different branches can be mutually offset to a certain extent, the total current ripple is reduced after the multiple converters are synthesized, the electric energy quality is improved, and the power grid equipment is protected. However, the magnitude of the current ripple is not only related to the parallel connection multiple of the circuit, but also closely related to the duty ratio. When the duty cycles are different, there is a parallel multiplicity that minimizes current ripple. The invention designs a variable-multiple DC/DC converter with optimized current ripple, and the system can automatically change the parallel-connection multiple of the bidirectional DC/DC converter according to different duty ratios, so that the ripple of the output current is minimum.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a variable-weight DCDC converter based on current ripple optimization.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
variable multiplicity DCDC converter based on current ripple optimizes, including the power electronics main circuit, low pressure side current detection link, Buck controller, step-down direction PWM generator, high pressure side current detection link, Boost controller, the direction PWM generator that steps up, the power electronics main circuit uses Buck/Boost topology, and IGBT will transform direct current energy through the PWM mode, can work in two electric energy transmission directions: boosting in one direction and then reducing in the other direction; the low-voltage side current detection link, the Buck controller and the voltage reduction direction PWM generator form a voltage reduction control part for controlling the switching of the S1-S6 IGBT; the high-voltage side current detection link, the Boost controller and the Boost direction PWM generator form a Boost control part to control the switching of the S7-S12 IGBT; the two control parts are completely symmetrical in structure, control codes are different and do not work simultaneously, and when the six switching tubes work in the other direction, the six switching tubes in the direction keep an off state.
Preferably, taking the step-down control part as an example, the current detected by the output of the low-voltage side current detection link is sampled and then sent to the Buck controller, and the Buck controller compares the output current with a set reference current and calculates the difference to obtain the duty ratio of the current control. And performing hysteresis comparison with a set corresponding table, finally determining that the current work is several times, and sending the weight number and the duty ratio to a voltage reduction direction PWM generator together.
Preferably, the power electronic main circuit topology is buck/boost type, both sides of the power electronic main circuit topology are direct current input and output, the power electronic main circuit topology is used as a buck circuit for chopping and voltage reduction in one transmission direction, the power electronic main circuit topology is used as a boost in the other transmission direction, the transmission direction needs to be controlled by a controller, only one transmission direction is needed during work, and the problem of direction switching during work is not involved. The two direction control principles are the same, and the specific parameters are different.
Preferably, the characteristics of the system are analyzed by analyzing the bode diagram during design, so that a corresponding compensation network is designed, the actual current of each weight is detected by the low-voltage side current detection link during operation by taking the Buck direction as an example, the Buck controller performs subtraction with the reference current after receiving the actual current, and the final control variable duty ratio is obtained through compensation network operation.
Preferably, in order to avoid the occurrence of the circulating current phenomenon, the power electronic main circuit adopts independent closed-loop control on each heavy inductive current to replace closed-loop control on the total current, and after target load currents are equally divided according to the number of the working weights in the Buck controller and the Boost controller, the target load currents are used as instruction values of each heavy current loop to control each heavy inductive current, so that the purpose of current-sharing control is achieved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: provided is a DC/DC conversion system capable of reducing bus current ripples, which can judge a duty ratio according to an output requirement and select an optimal multiple number, thereby reducing the bus current ripples from an angle at which the multiple conversion ripples cancel each other.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system structure of a variable-multiple DCDC converter based on current ripple optimization according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a voltage step-down direction circuit structure of the variable-multiple DCDC converter based on current ripple optimization according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a multiple control of a variable multiple DCDC converter based on current ripple optimization according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a control system of a variable-multiple DCDC converter based on current ripple optimization according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a simplified circuit diagram of a variable-multiple DCDC converter based on current ripple optimization according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic flow chart of a main program of system control of the variable-multiple DCDC converter based on current ripple optimization according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating an interrupt process flow of the variable-multiple DCDC converter based on the current ripple optimization according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, the variable-repetition-number DCDC converter based on current ripple optimization comprises a power electronic main circuit 1, a low-voltage side current detection link 2, a Buck controller 3, a voltage reduction direction PWM generator 4, a high-voltage side current detection link 5, a Boost controller 6 and a voltage Boost direction PWM generator 7.
As shown in fig. 1, the power electronic main circuit 1 uses buck/boost topology, uses IGBTs as elements, converts dc power by PWM method, and can work in two power transmission directions: boosting in one direction and dropping in the other. The voltage reduction direction control part consists of a low-voltage side current detection link 2, a Buck controller 3 and a voltage reduction direction PWM generator 4; the low-voltage side current detection link 2 respectively detects the magnitude of each heavy current at the low-voltage side and sends the magnitude of each heavy current to a controller as a control basis; the Buck controller 3 can be realized by using a DSP (digital signal processor), receives a current signal and performs a preset program; the voltage reduction direction PWM generator 4 can be implemented by using an FPGA, and is used for generating PWM waveforms directly driving the switching tubes S1-S6 according to duty ratio and repetition signals sent by the controller, wherein the switching tubes of the branch circuits which are turned off are always turned off.
The voltage reduction direction control part consists of a high-voltage side current detection link 5, a Boost controller 6 and a voltage increase direction PWM generator 7, the structure of the voltage reduction direction control part is completely consistent with the voltage reduction direction, and the programs of the controller parts are different. Only one direction can be in a working state at the same time, and the direction is not switched during working.
Although the control programs in the two directions are different, the control and design ideas are completely consistent, the following calculation processes take Buck mode voltage reduction directions as examples, and the control programs in the opposite directions can be obtained through the same calculation process.
The selection of the multiplicity and the duty ratio calculated by the controller are determined according to the following calculation rule:
such as the basic structure of buck/boost circuit in FIG. 2, when operating in buck mode, the duty cycle and the load side voltage ULoadAnd a DC bus side voltage UDCThe relationship between the two is as follows:
VLoad＝DVDC
defining the slope of the rise of the inductor current as kupThe slope of the current drop is kdownAnd then:
taking Buck operating state as an example, in the same phase driving mode, the total current iLPeak to peak ripple value Δ iLsThe same phase is:
ΔiLs＝ΔiL1+ΔiL2+...+ΔiLn＝nDkupT
suppose there is ndownThe slope of the heavy inductor current at the initial stage is kdownThen the initial slope is kupThe multiple number of (2) is nup＝n-ndown. Through derivation, n-fold DC/D can be obtainedThe C converter adopts the ripple value of the current flowing on the inductor under the control of multiple phase shifts:
let kLmFor the ripple factor, then:
as can be seen, the ripple factor kLmRelated to the duty cycle D, the parallel multiplicity n. When at different duty cycles, the variation of the respective multiple ripple coefficients is shown in fig. 3. As can be seen from the graph, the ripple factor of each multiple fluctuates with the change in duty ratio. There is a point where the ripple factor is 0, such as a circuit with a repetition number equal to 5 at the zero ripple point when the duty cycle is 0.6 and a circuit with a repetition number equal to 4 at the zero ripple point when the duty cycle is 0.75. This results in the possibility of reducing the current ripple by varying the multiplicity.
In an actual circuit, the current detected by the output of the low-voltage side current detection link 2 is sampled and then is sent to the Buck controller 3. And the Buck controller 3 compares the output current with a set reference current, and calculates the difference value to obtain the duty ratio of the current control. And then hysteresis comparison is carried out on the current voltage-reducing direction PWM generator 4, and the current number of the current voltage-reducing direction PWM generator is finally determined to work several times, and the number of the current voltage-reducing direction PWM generator is sent to the current voltage-reducing direction PWM generator 4.
The basic rule of the controller uses current single closed loop feedback control, and adopts the idea of current sharing control and duty ratio feedforward control, as shown in fig. 4. The specific design flow is as follows:
FIG. 5 is a simplified block diagram of a variable weight buck/boost control circuit, which is modeled first with respect to FIG. 5 and analyzed for dynamic behavior.
By establishing an average value model and a small signal model, a time domain characteristic equation of the system can be obtained:
performing laplace transform to obtain a frequency domain characteristic equation of the transformer:
for controlling the load side voltage VLoadLet us order
Substituting the above formula can obtain the duty ratio d(s) to the inductive current iLTransfer function G of(s)id(s)
After the related parameters are brought into the transfer function, the body system characteristics can be analyzed through the bode diagram. According to the bode diagram, a control compensation network can be designed to compensate the system.
Through the analysis of the open loop characteristic of the system, the transfer function G of the current compensation network can be obtainedidcThe form(s) is as follows:
the two integration links are used for eliminating steady-state errors existing in the system, so that the transfer function form of the system after the current compensation network is added is an I-type system; omegaZ1、ωZ2The phase lag is used for offsetting the phase lag caused by two conjugate poles in a controlled object; omegaPEnsuring that the open-loop transfer function has a better phase margin, and simultaneously enabling the high-frequency section of the amplitude-frequency characteristic curve to be reduced by a slope of at least-40 dB/dec so as to ensure a systemThe robustness of the system is improved, and meanwhile, the system has a good inhibition effect on high-frequency noise in the system.
In addition, in order to avoid the occurrence of the circulation phenomenon, the power electronic main circuit 1 adopts independent closed-loop control on each heavy inductive current instead of performing closed-loop control on the total current. And after the target load current is equally divided according to the work weight number in the controller, the target load current is used as an instruction value of each heavy current loop to control each heavy inductive current, so that the aim of current sharing control is fulfilled.
Example (b): in the actual circuit, the Buck controller 3 and the Boost controller 6 share the same DSP to be realized, and the voltage reduction direction PWM generator 4 and the voltage boosting direction PWM generator 7 share the same FPGA to be realized.
The flow chart of the main routine is shown in FIG. 6. The main program in the DSP comprises system initialization, PWM module initialization, AD module initialization, I/O module initialization, variable parameter initialization, initial work weight selection and the like. The main program firstly carries out a series of initialization settings on the system, such as initializing a clock, setting a GPIO port function and the like, and then sets the number of sampling channels, the number of sampling clocks, the number of PWM output circuits, the frequency, the dead time and the like of the ADC. And finally, waiting for the arrival of an interrupt signal, entering an interrupt subprogram, and calculating the duty ratio and the work weight number according to a control strategy.
The flow chart of the interrupt routine is shown in fig. 7. The interrupt routine is a core part of the system. After the interrupt signal triggers the interrupt program, the DSP reads the signal input by the sampling conditioning circuit, processes the signal according to a control strategy, calculates the duty ratio, determines the work weight of the circuit according to the duty ratio, and sends the information to the FPGA.
And the FPGA outputs a PWM signal corresponding to the work weight according to the received signal, and simultaneously turns off the branch which does not work temporarily, so that the change of the work weight of the circuit is realized.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. In a scenario where a variable-multiple DCDC converter based on current ripple optimization is used for DC-DC power conversion, the role is to reduce current ripple while completing power conversion, and the scenario includes: power electronics main circuit (1), low pressure side current detection link (2), Buck controller (3), step down direction PWM generator (4), high pressure side current detection link (5), Boost controller (6), direction PWM generator (7) steps up, its characterized in that: the power electronic main circuit (1) uses buck/boost topology, the IGBT converts direct current energy in a PWM mode, and the IGBT can work in two electric energy transmission directions: boosting in one direction and then reducing in the other direction; the low-voltage side current detection link (2), the Buck controller (3) and the voltage reduction direction PWM generator (4) form a voltage reduction control part for controlling the switching of the S1-S6 IGBT; a high-voltage side current detection link (5), a Boost controller (6) and a Boost direction PWM generator (7) form a Boost control part for controlling the switching of the S7-S12 IGBT; the two control parts are completely symmetrical in structure, control codes are different and do not work simultaneously, and when the six switching tubes work in the other direction, the six switching tubes in the direction keep an off state.
2. The variable-repetition DCDC converter based on current ripple optimization according to claim 1, wherein taking the step-down control section as an example, the current measured by the output of the low-voltage side current detection link (2) is sampled and then sent to the Buck controller (3), the Buck controller (3) compares the output current with a set reference current, the difference is calculated to obtain the duty ratio of the current control, and then the difference is compared with a set mapping table to determine that the current control should work in several numbers, and the number of repetitions and the duty ratio are sent to the step-down direction PWM generator (4) together.
3. The variable-weight DCDC converter based on current ripple optimization according to claim 1, wherein the topology of the power electronic main circuit (1) is buck/boost type, both sides of the topology are DC input and output, the topology is used as buck circuit chopping voltage reduction in one transmission direction and as boost in the other transmission direction, the transmission direction needs to be controlled by a controller, only one transmission direction is needed during operation, the problem of switching direction during operation is not involved, the control principle of the two directions is the same, and the specific parameters are different.
4. The variable-repetition-number DCDC converter based on current ripple optimization according to claim 1, wherein a corresponding compensation network is designed by analyzing the system characteristics through analyzing a bode diagram, for example, in a Buck direction, the low-voltage-side current detection link (2) detects the actual current of each repetition during operation, the Buck controller (3) receives the actual current and then performs subtraction on the actual current and a reference current, and the final control variable duty ratio is obtained through compensation network operation.
5. The variable-weight DCDC converter based on current ripple optimization according to claim 1, wherein in order to avoid the occurrence of a circulating current phenomenon, the power electronic main circuit (1) adopts a mode of carrying out individual closed-loop control on each heavy inductive current instead of carrying out closed-loop control on the total current, and after the Buck controller (3) and the Boost controller (6) equally divide the target load current according to the working weight, the target load current is used as the instruction value of each heavy current loop to control each heavy inductive current, so that the purpose of current-sharing control is achieved.
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