CN113310917B - Hydrogen sensor based on Fabry-Perot interference - Google Patents
Hydrogen sensor based on Fabry-Perot interference Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a hydrogen sensor based on Fabry-Perot interference, which comprises: the device comprises a broadband light source, a circulator, a sensing unit based on Fabry-Perot interference, a spectrometer and an air chamber; a beam of incident light generated by the broadband light source enters the sensing unit after passing through the circulator, hydrogen stored in the gas chamber and having different concentrations enters the sensing unit, the wavelength of a reflection spectrum formed by interference of multiple beams of reflected light is changed, the reflection spectrum is sent to the spectrometer, the spectrometer detects the wavelength drift amount of a peak or a trough in the reflection spectrum according to a single-peak tracking method, and the volume fraction of the hydrogen is demodulated according to the wavelength drift amount. The invention realizes the detection of external environment information based on the Fabry-Perot interference principle, has high sensitivity and wide application prospect, and has huge application potential in the aspect of optical fiber sensing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen concentration detection, in particular to a hydrogen sensor based on Fabry-Perot interference.
Background
The hydrogen is used as an important chemical raw material and clean energy, is widely applied, has small molecular weight and strong permeability, is easy to leak in the production, storage, transportation and operation processes, is colorless and tasteless, and is not easy to be perceived. When the volume fraction of the hydrogen in the air is within the range of 4.0-74.42%, explosion can occur to cause serious accidents, so that the monitoring of the content of the hydrogen is of great significance.
According to different construction principles, the current hydrogen sensors can be mainly classified into electrochemical hydrogen sensors, semiconductor hydrogen sensors and optical hydrogen sensors. For example, Wang et al have proposed a novel Pt-carrying WO3Coated fiber tip FPI sensors are used for hydrogen detection. The sensor consists of a Pt-WO layer3And an optical fiber FPI. SMF and poly by inserting conventional SMF into a partially polymer filled glass capillaryAir F-P cavities are formed between the surfaces of the polymer, and the reflected light from the end face of the optical fiber interferes with the reflected light from the surface of the polymer. In the experiment, the hydrogen sensor sensitivity was estimated to be approximately 1pm/ppm when the hydrogen concentration was varied from 0 to 20916 ppm. The sensor has the advantages of low concentration detection (lower than 4%), ultrahigh sensitivity, good repeatability, small volume, low manufacturing cost, high response speed, short recovery time, potential for large-scale production and the like. Xu et al propose a simple, compact, high sensitivity hydrogen sensing device. The device is formed by splicing a small section of Hollow Core Fiber (HCF) and standard Single Mode Fiber (SMF) and combining the small section of hollow core fiber with Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG). The HCF is filled with polymer and the inner air gap is located near the interface between the SMF and the polymer. The polymer forms a microcavity fabry-perot interferometer (FPI). Pt-WO3/SiO2The coating acts as a catalytic layer and the hydrogen reacts exothermically with oxygen in the air, releasing heat when the device is exposed to hydrogen, causing a local temperature change in the FPI, resulting in a shift in the reflection spectrum of the device. The maximum sensitivity of the system was 17.48 nm/% (vol%) H at a hydrogen volume fraction of 0-4%2And the sensing device can respond quickly. Li et al propose a PDMS-based double c-type cavity with embedded Pt-WO3/SiO2The optical hydrogen sensor of (1). The sensor is formed by fusion splicing of a Single Mode Fiber (SMF) and a short section of hollow fiber (HCF), and the total length of the sensor is only 123 mu m. The HCF is separated into double c-shaped cavities by the PDMS film, the inner c-shaped cavity forms a micro-cavity Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI), and the outer c-shaped cavity is internally embedded with a Pt-loaded WO3/SiO2The powder acts as a sensitive area. The hydrogen sensitivity was-15.14 nm/%, with hydrogen concentrations ranging from 0% to 1%. The response time is very short, about 23 s. The sensor has the advantages of compact structure, high sensitivity and high response speed. Most importantly, the novel double-c-shaped structure effectively solves the problem that sensitive materials are easy to fall off, and has long-term use performance and huge application potential. Zhou xian et al propose a nano-sheet Pt-WO based on femtosecond processing3Double helix microstructure FBG, this kind of structure can hold more films and hydrogen reaction and emit more heats, and sensitivity improves greatly, is 1.5 times of standard FBG hydrogen sensor, has fineHydrogen monitoring prospects. Although the hydrogen sensors achieve measurement of the volume fraction of hydrogen, the transmission-type structure cannot achieve the requirement of remote measurement, the structural sensitivity based on F-P reflection has a large space for improvement, and the construction process of some structures is too complex.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hydrogen sensor based on Fabry-Perot interference, so as to improve the sensitivity and simplify the structure of the hydrogen sensor.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a fabry-perot interference-based hydrogen sensor, including:
the device comprises a broadband light source, a circulator, a sensing unit based on Fabry-Perot interference, a spectrometer and an air chamber;
the broadband light source, the sensing unit and the spectrometer are all connected with the circulator, and the sensing unit is arranged in the air chamber;
and a beam of incident light generated by the broadband light source enters the sensing unit after passing through the circulator, hydrogen with different concentrations stored in the gas chamber enters the sensing unit, the wavelength of a reflection spectrum formed by interference of multi-beam reflected light is changed, and the reflection spectrum is sent to the spectrometer, so that the spectrometer detects the wavelength drift amount of a peak or a trough in the reflection spectrum according to a single-peak tracking method, and the volume fraction of the hydrogen is demodulated according to the wavelength drift amount.
Optionally, the sensing unit comprises:
the optical fiber comprises an incident single-mode fiber with a cladding, a reflective single-mode fiber with the cladding and a double-cladding hollow quartz tube;
the double-cladding hollow-core quartz tube comprises an inner cladding and an outer cladding with a plurality of small holes, and the outer cladding is arranged on the outer side of the inner cladding; the incident single-mode fiber with the cladding and the reflection single-mode fiber with the cladding are respectively inserted into two ends of an inner cladding of the double-cladding hollow quartz tube, and a Fabry-Perot cavity is formed between the cladding end face of the incident single-mode fiber and the cladding end face of the reflection single-mode fiber; isopropanol solution is stored in the Fabry-Perot cavity, and Pt-WO3 powder is filled in the outer cladding of the double-cladding hollow quartz tube; the incident single mode fiber is connected with the circulator.
Optionally, the inner cladding has an inner diameter of 126 μm and a wall thickness of 10-50 μm; the inner diameter of the outer cladding is 350-440 μm, the outer diameter of the outer cladding is 500 μm, and the wall thickness is 30 μm.
Optionally, the end face of the reflective single mode fiber connected to the fabry-perot cavity is coated with a reflective film.
Optionally, the length of the fabry-perot cavity is 10 μm-80 μm.
Optionally, the length of the inner cladding is 20mm, the length of the outer cladding is 5mm, the diameters of the cores of the incident single-mode fiber and the reflective single-mode fiber are both 9 μm, and the outer diameters of the claddings are both 125 μm.
Optionally, the broadband light source is a broadband light source with a wavelength range of 1 μm to 2 μm.
Optionally, two ports of the inner cladding are respectively sealed and fixed with the inserted incident single-mode fiber and the inserted reflection single-mode fiber by glue.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention realizes the detection of external environment information based on the Fabry-Perot interference principle, has high sensitivity and wide application prospect, and has huge application potential in the aspect of optical fiber sensing. In addition, the hydrogen volume fraction can be measured only by arranging the broadband light source, the circulator, the sensing unit based on Fabry-Perot interference and the spectrometer, and the hydrogen volume fraction measuring device is simple in structure and simple to prepare.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a Fabry-Perot interference-based hydrogen sensor according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a sensing unit of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a reflection spectrum of a Fabry-Perot cavity with a cavity length of 20 μm in the hydrogen volume fraction of 0-1.6% according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a plot of peak wavelength shift versus hydrogen volume fraction for a Fabry-Perot cavity having a cavity length of 20 μm at hydrogen concentrations of 0-1.6%;
description of the symbols:
1-broadband light source, 2-spectrometer, 3-circulator, 4-sensing unit, 5-air chamber, 6-incident single mode fiber, 7-reflection single mode fiber, 8-double-cladding hollow quartz tube, 9-isopropanol, and 10-Pt-WO3Powder, 11-reflective film, 12-inner cladding, 13-outer cladding.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a hydrogen sensor based on Fabry-Perot interference, so as to improve the sensitivity and simplify the structure of the hydrogen sensor.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention discloses a fabry-perot interference-based hydrogen sensor, which includes: the device comprises a broadband light source 1, a circulator 3, a sensing unit 4 based on Fabry-Perot interference, a spectrometer 2 and a gas chamber 5; the broadband light source 1, the sensing unit 4 and the spectrometer 2 are all connected with the circulator 3, and the sensing unit 4 is arranged in the air chamber 5.
A beam of incident light generated by the broadband light source 1 enters the sensing unit 4 after passing through the circulator 3, hydrogen stored in the gas chamber 5 and having different concentrations enters the sensing unit 4, the wavelength of a reflection spectrum formed by interference of multi-beam reflected light is changed, and the reflection spectrum is sent to the spectrometer 2, so that the spectrometer 2 detects the wavelength drift amount of a peak or a trough in the reflection spectrum according to a single-peak tracking method, and the volume fraction of the hydrogen is demodulated according to the wavelength drift amount.
As shown in fig. 2, the sensing unit 4 of the present invention includes: an incident single-mode fiber 6 with a cladding, a reflection single-mode fiber 7 with a cladding and a double-cladding hollow quartz tube 8; the double-clad hollow-core quartz tube 8 comprises an inner cladding 12 and an outer cladding 13 with a plurality of small holes, and the outer cladding 13 is arranged on the outer side of the inner cladding 12; the incident single-mode fiber 6 with a cladding and the reflecting single-mode fiber 7 with a cladding are respectively inserted into two ends of an inner cladding 12 of the double-cladding hollow-core quartz tube 8, and a Fabry-Perot cavity is formed between a cladding end face of the incident single-mode fiber 6 and a cladding end face of the reflecting single-mode fiber 7; isopropanol 9 solution is stored in the Fabry-Perot cavity, and Pt-WO is filled in an outer cladding layer 13 of the double-cladding hollow quartz tube 83 A powder 10; the incoming single mode fibre 6 is connected to the circulator 3.
When hydrogen gas with different concentrations stored in the gas chamber 5 enters the inner part of the outer cladding 13 of the double-cladding hollow quartz tube 8 through the small holes on the outer cladding 13, Pt-WO3The powder 10 reacts with hydrogen under the aerobic condition to release heat, the heat is transferred to the isopropanol 9 solution in the Fabry-Perot cavity, as the isopropanol 9 solution has an excellent thermo-optic effect, the refractive index of the isopropanol 9 linearly decreases along with the increase of the temperature, the phase difference of interference light changes along with the increase of the temperature, the wavelength of reflected light shifts, and the change of the refractive index (or the change of the temperature) can be obtained by detecting the shift amount of the wavelength through the spectrometer 2, so that the concentration data of the external hydrogen is obtained.
As an alternative embodiment, the invention plates a reflective film 11 on the end face of the reflective single-mode fiber 7 connected to the fabry-perot cavity to improve the reflectivity of the end face.
The inner diameter of the inner cladding 12 is 126 mu m, and the wall thickness is 10-50 mu m; the inner diameter of the outer cladding 13 is 350-440 μm, the outer diameter of the outer cladding 13 is 500 μm, the wall thickness is 30 μm, the length of the Fabry-Perot cavity is 10 μm to 80 μm, the length of the inner cladding 12 is 20mm, the length of the outer cladding 13 is 5mm, the diameters of fiber cores of the incident single-mode fiber 6 and the reflective single-mode fiber 7 are both 9 μm, the outer diameters of the cladding are both 125 μm, and the broadband light source 1 with the wavelength range of 1 μm to 2 μm is selected as the broadband light source 1.
Two ports of the inner cladding 12 are respectively sealed and fixed with the inserted incident single-mode fiber 6 and the inserted reflection single-mode fiber 7 by glue.
Example 2
One end of a circulator 3 is connected with a broadband light source 1, the other end of the circulator is connected with a spectrometer 2, a tail fiber is welded with a section of incident single-mode fiber 6, the incident single-mode fiber 6 with a cladding is inserted into a hollow quartz tube (namely an inner cladding 12) with the inner diameter of 126 mu m and the wall thickness of 10 mu m, a reflective single-mode fiber 7 with a silver-plated cladding end face is inserted into the other end of the hollow quartz tube (namely the inner cladding 12), and a Fabry-Perot cavity is formed between the two cladding end faces. The distance between the end faces of two optical fibers (namely the incident single-mode optical fiber 6 and the reflection single-mode optical fiber 7) is controlled to be 10-80 mu m by using a three-dimensional displacement platform, and then the incident single-mode optical fiber 6 and the reflection single-mode optical fiber 7 are fixed at the two ends of a hollow quartz tube (namely an inner cladding 12) by using AB glue. Two holes are drilled on a hollow quartz tube (namely an inner cladding 12) by a femtosecond laser, the two holes are communicated, isopropanol 9 liquid is sucked by a dropper to be close to one hole, the other hole is placed in air, the isopropanol 9 liquid is filled, and the Fabry-Perot cavity is filled with the isopropanol 9 liquid. Drilling a plurality of small holes with the diameter of 3 mu m on a hollow quartz tube with the outer diameter of 500 mu m, namely an outer cladding 13, by using a femtosecond laser, then inserting the hollow quartz tube with the Fabry-Perot cavity, namely an inner cladding 12, into the outer cladding 13 with the outer diameter of 500 mu m, suspending the hollow quartz tube in the center of the outer cladding 13, fixing two ends by using AB glue, sealing one side, not sealing the other side, and fixing the two endsMixing Pt-WO3And filling the powder 10 into the outer cladding layer 13 along the unclosed port, and sealing the port of the outer cladding layer 13 after filling to form the Fabry-Perot interference structure of the single-mode-double-cladding liquid core quartz tube-single-mode structure. FIG. 3 is a reflection spectrum of hydrogen in the volume fraction range of 0-1.6% and F-P cavity length of 20 μm, from which FIG. 3 a clear interference phenomenon can be obtained, forming a relatively good interference fringe. FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of fitting the peak wavelength of the reflectance spectrum to the volume fraction of hydrogen at a hydrogen concentration of 0 to 1.6% and a cavity length of 20 μm, from which FIG. 4 the sensitivity of-19.65 nm/1% concentration can be obtained. When the hydrogen concentration is detected specifically, the drift amounts of different peak wavelengths are read from the spectrometer 2, and the variation of the hydrogen concentration can be obtained.
The technical scheme disclosed by the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention realizes the detection of external environment information based on the Fabry-Perot interference principle, has high sensitivity and wide application prospect, and has huge application potential in the aspect of optical fiber sensing.
2. The invention only needs to insert the incidence single-mode fiber 6 with the cladding and the reflection single-mode fiber 7 with the cladding into two ends of the inner cladding 12 storing the isopropanol 9 solution respectively, and the outer cladding 13 storing the Pt-WO3 powder 10 is arranged on the outer side of the inner cladding 12, thus having the advantages of compact structure and simple preparation.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to assist in understanding the core concepts of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A hydrogen sensor based on Fabry-Perot interference, comprising:
the device comprises a broadband light source, a circulator, a sensing unit based on Fabry-Perot interference, a spectrometer and an air chamber;
the broadband light source, the sensing unit and the spectrometer are all connected with the circulator, and the sensing unit is arranged in the air chamber;
a beam of incident light generated by the broadband light source enters the sensing unit after passing through the circulator, hydrogen with different concentrations stored in the gas chamber enters the sensing unit, the wavelength of a reflection spectrum formed by interference of multi-beam reflected light is changed, and the reflection spectrum is sent to the spectrometer, so that the spectrometer detects the wavelength drift amount of a peak or a trough in the reflection spectrum according to a single-peak tracking method, and the volume fraction of the hydrogen is demodulated according to the wavelength drift amount;
the sensing unit includes:
the optical fiber comprises an incident single-mode fiber with a cladding, a reflective single-mode fiber with the cladding and a double-cladding hollow quartz tube;
the double-cladding hollow-core quartz tube comprises an inner cladding and an outer cladding with a plurality of small holes, and the outer cladding is arranged on the outer side of the inner cladding; the incident single-mode fiber with the cladding and the reflection single-mode fiber with the cladding are respectively inserted into two ends of an inner cladding of the double-cladding hollow quartz tube, and a Fabry-Perot cavity is formed between the cladding end face of the incident single-mode fiber and the cladding end face of the reflection single-mode fiber; isopropanol solution is stored in the Fabry-Perot cavity, and Pt-WO3 powder is filled in the outer cladding of the double-cladding hollow quartz tube; the incident single-mode optical fiber is connected with the circulator;
when hydrogen stored in the gas chamber with different concentrations enters the inner part of the outer cladding of the double-cladding hollow quartz tube through the small holes on the outer cladding, Pt-WO3The powder reacts with hydrogen under the aerobic condition to release heat, the heat is transferred to an isopropanol solution in the Fabry-Perot cavity, the isopropanol solution has excellent thermo-optic effect, the refractive index of the isopropanol solution is linearly reduced along with the temperature rise, and the phase of interference light is in a linear descending modeThe difference in level changes and the wavelength of the reflected light shifts.
2. The fabry-perot interference based hydrogen sensor according to claim 1, wherein the inner cladding has an inner diameter of 126 μ ι η and a wall thickness of 10-50 μ ι η; the inner diameter of the outer cladding is 350-440 μm, the outer diameter of the outer cladding is 500 μm, and the wall thickness is 30 μm.
3. The fabry-perot interference based hydrogen sensor according to claim 1, wherein the end face of the reflective single mode fiber connected to the fabry-perot cavity is coated with a reflective film.
4. The fabry-perot interference based hydrogen sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the fabry-perot cavity is 10 μ ι η -80 μ ι η.
5. The fabry-perot interference based hydrogen sensor according to claim 1, wherein the length of the inner cladding is 20mm, the length of the outer cladding is 5mm, the core diameter of the incident single mode fiber and the core diameter of the reflective single mode fiber are both 9 μm, and the outer diameter of the cladding is both 125 μm.
6. The fabry-perot interference based hydrogen sensor according to claim 1, wherein the broadband light source is selected from a broadband light source having a wavelength range of 1 μ ι η -2 μ ι η.
7. The fabry-perot interference based hydrogen sensor according to claim 1, wherein two ports of the inner cladding are respectively sealed and fixed with the inserted incident single mode fiber and the inserted reflection single mode fiber by glue.
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