CN113310868A - Device and method for measuring in-situ soil-rock mixture porosity by resistivity method - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring in-situ soil-rock mixture porosity by resistivity method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113310868A CN113310868A CN202110534657.6A CN202110534657A CN113310868A CN 113310868 A CN113310868 A CN 113310868A CN 202110534657 A CN202110534657 A CN 202110534657A CN 113310868 A CN113310868 A CN 113310868A
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001739 density measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/088—Investigating volume, surface area, size or distribution of pores; Porosimetry
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- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring the porosity of an in-situ soil-rock mixture by a resistivity method, relates to the technical field of geotechnical tests, and particularly relates to a device and a method for measuring the porosity of the in-situ soil-rock mixture by the resistivity method. In the device for measuring the in-situ soil-stone mixture porosity by the resistivity method, the soil-stone mixture porosity can be rapidly measured on a construction site, the operation is simple, digging of test pits in a solid soil layer after on-site rolling is avoided, and the manual reading error is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical tests, in particular to a device and a method for measuring the porosity of an in-situ soil-rock mixture by a resistivity method.
Background
In order to fully utilize abundant hydroenergy resources in western regions of China, some high reservoir dams are being built, and the earth-rock dam type is widely adopted by virtue of the advantages of local materials, quick and convenient construction, good foundation adaptability and the like. The soil-rock mixture obtained by excavating the mountain is inevitably adopted in the process of building the soil-rock dam, the soil-rock mixture is a loose body consisting of soil and rocks, the compaction degree after rolling is directly related to the strength and stability of the dam, and the porosity of the soil-rock mixture is often used as a design index of a compaction standard in engineering, so that the rapid and accurate determination of the porosity of the in-situ soil-rock mixture has important significance.
According to the rolled earth and rockfill dam construction Specification (DL _ T5129-2016). In-situ porosity measurement usually adopts a density measurement test by an irrigation method, namely, a test pit is dug on a ground layer of the rolled soil-rock mixture, the volume of the dug soil-rock mixture is obtained by measuring the volume of water injected into the test pit, the density is obtained according to the called mass of the soil-rock mixture, and then the porosity is obtained by formula conversion.
As early as 1942, Archie indicates that the resistivity of soil bodies is related to the compactness, the resistivity of the soil materials refers to the resistance presented when current vertically passes through cubic soil with the side length of 1m, the unit is omega.m, the resistivity is a basic parameter for representing the conductivity of the soil and is one of inherent physical parameters of the soil. The unsaturated inviscid earth resistivity equation was proposed by Keller and Frischknecht in 1966:
ρ＝αρwn-mSr -p
in the formula: rho is the resistivity of the soil body; alpha is a soil property parameter; rhowPore water resistivity; n is porosity; m is a cementation coefficient; srIs the saturation; p is the saturation index. Wherein for a particular earth-rock mixture, α and m are constants, SrAnd p is related to the water content only.
The operation of measuring the density by an irrigation method on site is complex, digging a test pit on a rolled coarse-grained soil layer wastes time and labor, and the accuracy of measuring the porosity of the soil-rock mixture is influenced by observing the height of the water level injected into the test pit by naked eyes and often causing deviation. Therefore, the in-situ test device and the in-situ test method which are simple and quick to operate, avoid digging test pits on the solid coarse-grained soil layer after rolling and are high in measurement accuracy of the porosity of the soil-stone mixture are designed, and the in-situ test device and the in-situ test method have obvious practical significance and engineering value.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a device and a method for measuring the porosity of an in-situ soil-rock mixture by a resistivity method, and solves the problems of complex operation, time and labor waste and low measurement precision of density measurement by a field irrigation method in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the device comprises a geotextile, wherein the geotextile is coated with polyvinyl chloride insulating coating, the polyvinyl chloride insulating coating is provided with an electrode, a GPS positioning point is arranged in the electrode, an electric lead is led out of the electrode, and an impedance meter is arranged at one end of the electric lead, which is far away from the electrode.
Alternatively, the electrodes may be provided on the polyvinyl chloride coating on the upper and lower sides of the cylinder in the form of a circular conductive material.
Optionally, the cylinder is an iron hollow cylinder with a thickness of not less than 5mm, and the inner wall of the cylinder is coated with a polyvinyl chloride insulating material.
Optionally, an upper cover is arranged at the end of the cylinder, and the diameter of the upper cover of the cylinder is 4-6 mm smaller than that of the cylinder, so that the upper cover can move up and down along the cylinder wall.
Alternatively, the electrical leads may be led out from the electrodes on the upper and lower sides of the cylinder, and covered with rubber insulators.
Optionally, the method for determining the porosity of the in-situ earth-rock mixture by using the resistivity method includes the following steps:
s1, digging a test pit with a diameter approximately equal to that of the cylinder on the loose coarse-grained soil body before rolling, embedding the cylinder into the test pit, backfilling soil and stone mixture into the cylinder, covering the upper top cover of the cylinder, and continuously backfilling soil and stone mixture on the upper top cover to expose the electric leads and the water supply pipe out of the ground.
And S2, rolling according to the filling standard corresponding to the actual engineering, pressing the cylinder into the coarse-grained soil layer, connecting the electric lead exposed out of the ground with a resistivity tester, and connecting the water supply pipe with the water inlet pipe.
And S3, injecting water into the cylinder by using the water inlet pipe until the soil-rock mixture in the cylinder is saturated, and respectively measuring the resistivity of the saturated soil-rock mixture sample and the electrical rate of the water injected into the cylinder by using a resistivity measuring instrument, thereby converting the porosity of the soil-rock mixture.
Optionally, the method for determining the porosity of the in-situ earth-rock mixture by using the resistivity method includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: a test pit is dug in a loose soil body before rolling, a flexible geotextile is pre-buried in the test pit, and then a soil and stone mixture is backfilled on the geotextile, so that the outer edge of the geotextile is exposed out of the ground, an electrode is arranged in the center of the geotextile, the electrode is connected with a lead, and the lead is also exposed out of the ground, thereby being convenient for finding.
Step two: and (4) rolling according to the corresponding compaction standard of the actual engineering, pressing the geotextile into the soil layer, and exposing the outer edge of the geotextile out of the ground. After rolling, a position right above the center point of the electrode on the post-rolling bin surface is found by using a GPS (global positioning system) locator, and a buried depth value is measured. A same geotextile is placed with its center point directly above the center point of the geotextile.
Step three: and connecting the wires at the upper electrodes of the two geotextiles with an impedance meter, and calculating the resistivity.
Step four: and after the measurement is finished, taking out the soil-rock mixture on part of the geotextile, measuring the water content, and converting the porosity of the soil layer.
In the step 1, the flexible geotextile is square with the side length of 1m, the geotextile is coated with insulating material polyvinyl chloride, the electrode in the shape of a circle is arranged on the insulating material, the electric lead is led out from the electrode and is externally coated with a rubber insulator, and the center of the geotextile is provided with a GPS positioning point for measuring the burial depth of the electrode on the geotextile after rolling.
Optionally, the calculation formula of the resistivity is as follows:
in the formula: rho is the soil resistivity; u is a voltage; s is the electrode area; i is current; and L is the electrode distance, namely the electrode embedding depth.
Optionally, the calculation formula of the porosity is:
in the formula: n is the porosity of the earth-rock mixture; rho is the resistivity of the soil body; alpha is a soil property parameter; rhowPore water resistivity; m is a cementation coefficient; srIs the saturation; p is the saturation index. Wherein for a particular earth-rock mixture, α and m are constants, SrAnd p is related to the water content only.
The invention provides a device and a method for measuring the porosity of an in-situ soil-rock mixture by a resistivity method, which have the following beneficial effects:
1. in the device for measuring the porosity of the in-situ soil-rock mixture by the resistivity method, the porosity of the soil-rock mixture can be quickly measured on a construction site, the operation is simple, and digging of test pits in a solid soil layer after on-site rolling is avoided.
2. In the device for measuring the porosity of the in-situ soil-rock mixture by the resistivity method, the artificial reading error is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic top view of the geotextile of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the geotextile of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the cylinder of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a geotextile; 2. polyvinyl chloride insulating paint; 3. an electrode; 4. GPS positioning points; 5. An electrical lead; 6. an impedance meter; 7. a cylinder; 8. a water inlet pipe; 9. and (7) covering.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified; the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "head", "tail", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships illustrated in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore, should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "connected" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, e.g., as being fixed or detachable or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, the present invention provides a technical solution: a device and a method for measuring in-situ soil-stone mixture porosity by using a resistivity method comprise a geotextile 1, wherein a polyvinyl chloride insulating coating 2 is coated on the geotextile 1, an electrode 3 is arranged on the polyvinyl chloride insulating coating 2, a GPS positioning point 4 is arranged in the electrode 3, an electric lead 5 is led out of the electrode 3, and an impedance meter 6 is arranged at one end, far away from the electrode 3, of the electric lead 5.
The method for measuring the porosity of the in-situ soil-rock mixture by using the resistivity method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: a test pit is dug in a loose soil body before rolling, the flexible geotextile 1 is pre-buried in the test pit, then a certain soil and stone mixture is backfilled on the geotextile 1, the outer edge of the geotextile 1 is exposed out of the ground, an electrode 3 is arranged in the center of the geotextile 1, the electrode 3 is connected with a lead, and the lead is also exposed out of the ground, so that the flexible geotextile is convenient to find.
Step two: and (4) rolling according to the corresponding compaction standard of the actual engineering, pressing the geotextile 1 into the soil layer, and exposing the outer edge of the geotextile 1 to the ground. After rolling, a position right above the central point of the electrode 3 on the post-rolling bin surface is found by using a GPS (global positioning system) locator, and a buried depth value is measured. An identical geotextile 1 is placed so that its center point is positioned right above the center point of the geotextile 1.
Step three: and connecting the wires at the electrodes 3 on the two geotextiles 1 with an impedance meter 6, and calculating the resistivity.
Step four: and after the measurement is finished, taking out part of the soil-rock mixture on the geotextile 1, measuring the water content, and converting the porosity of the soil layer.
In the step 1, the flexible geotextile 1 is square with the side length of 1m, the geotextile 1 is coated with insulating material polyvinyl chloride, the electrode 3 which is circular is arranged on the insulating material, the electric lead 5 is led out from the electrode 3 and is externally coated with a rubber insulator, and the center of the geotextile 1 is provided with a GPS positioning point 4 for measuring the burial depth of the electrode 3 on the geotextile 1 after rolling.
In the invention: the calculation formula of the resistivity is as follows:
in the formula: rho is the soil resistivity; u is a voltage; s is the area of the electrode 3; i is current; l is the electrode 3 pitch, i.e. the electrode 3 burial depth.
In the invention: calculation formula of porosity:
in the formula: n is the porosity of the earth-rock mixture; rho is the resistivity of the soil body; alpha is a soil property parameter; rhowPore water resistivity; m is a cementation coefficient; srIs the saturation; p is the saturation index. Wherein for a particular earth-rock mixture, α and m are constants, SrAnd p is related to the water content only.
Example II
Referring to fig. 3, in the present invention: the electrodes 3 may be provided on the polyvinyl chloride coating on the upper and lower sides of the cylinder 7 in the shape of a circular conductive material.
In the invention: the cylinder 7 is an iron hollow cylinder with the thickness not less than 5mm, and the inner wall of the cylinder 7 is coated with polyvinyl chloride insulating material.
In the invention: an upper cover 9 is arranged at the end part of the cylinder 7, and the diameter of the upper cover 9 of the cylinder 7 is 4-6 mm smaller than that of the cylinder 7 and can move up and down along the cylinder wall.
In the invention: the electric lead 5 can be led out from the upper and lower electrodes 3 of the cylinder 7 and is coated with rubber insulators.
In the invention: the method for measuring the porosity of the in-situ soil-rock mixture by using the resistivity method comprises the following steps:
s1, digging a test pit with a diameter approximately equal to that of the cylinder 7 on the loose coarse-grained soil body before rolling, embedding the cylinder 7 into the test pit, backfilling soil and stone mixture into the cylinder 7, covering the top cover of the cylinder 7, and backfilling soil and stone mixture on the top cover continuously to expose the electric leads 5 and the water supply pipe out of the ground.
And S2, rolling according to the filling standard corresponding to the actual engineering, pressing the cylinder 7 into the coarse-grained soil layer, connecting the electric lead 5 exposed out of the ground with a resistivity tester, and connecting a water supply pipe with the water inlet pipe 8.
S3, water is injected into the cylinder 7 by the water inlet pipe 8 until the soil-rock mixture in the cylinder 7 is saturated, and the resistivity of the saturated soil-rock mixture sample and the electrical rate of the water injected into the cylinder 7 are respectively measured by a resistivity measuring instrument, so that the porosity of the soil-rock mixture is obtained by conversion.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical scope of the present invention and the equivalent alternatives or modifications according to the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The device for measuring the porosity of the in-situ soil-rock mixture by using the resistivity method comprises a geotextile and is characterized in that: the geotextile is coated with a polyvinyl chloride insulating coating, an electrode is arranged on the polyvinyl chloride insulating coating, a GPS positioning point is arranged in the electrode, an electric lead is led out of the electrode, and an impedance meter is arranged at one end, far away from the electrode, of the electric lead.
2. The device for determining the porosity of the in-situ soil-rock mixture by the resistivity method according to claim 1, wherein: the electrodes may be provided on the polyvinyl chloride coating on the upper and lower sides of the cylinder in the shape of a circular conductive material.
3. The device for determining the porosity of the in-situ soil-rock mixture by the resistivity method according to claim 1, wherein: the cylinder is an iron hollow cylinder with the thickness not less than 5mm, and the inner wall of the cylinder is coated with a polyvinyl chloride insulating material.
4. The device for determining the porosity of the in-situ soil-rock mixture by the resistivity method according to claim 3, wherein: the end of the cylinder is provided with an upper cover, the diameter of the upper cover of the cylinder is 4-6 mm smaller than that of the cylinder, and the upper cover can move up and down along the cylinder wall.
5. The device for determining the porosity of the in-situ soil-rock mixture by the resistivity method according to claim 1, wherein: the electric leads can be led out from the electrodes on the upper side and the lower side of the cylinder, and rubber insulators are wrapped outside the electric leads.
6. The device for measuring the porosity of the in-situ soil-rock mixture by the resistivity method according to claim 1, wherein the method for measuring the porosity of the in-situ soil-rock mixture by the resistivity method comprises the following steps:
s1, digging a test pit with a diameter approximately equal to that of the cylinder on the loose coarse-grained soil body before rolling, embedding the cylinder into the test pit, backfilling soil and stone mixture into the cylinder, covering the upper top cover of the cylinder, and continuously backfilling soil and stone mixture on the upper top cover to expose the electric leads and the water supply pipe out of the ground.
And S2, rolling according to the filling standard corresponding to the actual engineering, pressing the cylinder into the coarse-grained soil layer, connecting the electric lead exposed out of the ground with a resistivity tester, and connecting the water supply pipe with the water inlet pipe.
And S3, injecting water into the cylinder by using the water inlet pipe until the soil-rock mixture in the cylinder is saturated, and respectively measuring the resistivity of the saturated soil-rock mixture sample and the electrical rate of the water injected into the cylinder by using a resistivity measuring instrument, thereby converting the porosity of the soil-rock mixture.
7. The device for measuring the porosity of the in-situ soil-rock mixture by the resistivity method according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the method for measuring the porosity of the in-situ soil-rock mixture by the resistivity method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: a test pit is dug in a loose soil body before rolling, a flexible geotextile is pre-buried in the test pit, and then a soil and stone mixture is backfilled on the geotextile, so that the outer edge of the geotextile is exposed out of the ground, an electrode is arranged in the center of the geotextile, the electrode is connected with a lead, and the lead is also exposed out of the ground, thereby being convenient for finding.
Step two: and (4) rolling according to the corresponding compaction standard of the actual engineering, pressing the geotextile into the soil layer, and exposing the outer edge of the geotextile out of the ground. After rolling, a position right above the center point of the electrode on the post-rolling bin surface is found by using a GPS (global positioning system) locator, and a buried depth value is measured. A same geotextile is placed with its center point directly above the center point of the geotextile.
Step three: and connecting the wires at the upper electrodes of the two geotextiles with an impedance meter, and calculating the resistivity.
Step four: and after the measurement is finished, taking out the soil-rock mixture on part of the geotextile, measuring the water content, and converting the porosity of the soil layer.
In the step 1, the flexible geotextile is square with the side length of 1m, the geotextile is coated with insulating material polyvinyl chloride, the electrode in the shape of a circle is arranged on the insulating material, the electric lead is led out from the electrode and is externally coated with a rubber insulator, and the center of the geotextile is provided with a GPS positioning point for measuring the burial depth of the electrode on the geotextile after rolling.
8. The device for determining the porosity of the in-situ soil-rock mixture by using the resistivity method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the calculation formula of the resistivity is as follows:
in the formula: rho is the soil resistivity; u is a voltage; s is the electrode area; i is current; and L is the electrode distance, namely the electrode embedding depth.
9. The device for determining the porosity of the in-situ soil-rock mixture through the resistivity method according to claim 6, wherein the calculation formula of the porosity is as follows:
in the formula: n is the porosity of the earth-rock mixture; rho is the resistivity of the soil body; alpha is a soil property parameter; rhowPore water resistivity; m is a cementation coefficient; srIs the saturation; p is the saturation index. Wherein for a particular earth-rock mixture, α and m are constants, SrAnd p is related to the water content only.
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| CN202110534657.6A CN113310868A (en) | 2021-05-17 | 2021-05-17 | Device and method for measuring in-situ soil-rock mixture porosity by resistivity method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114076727A (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-02-22 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Resistivity-based ice porosity measurement method |
| CN115479881A (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2022-12-16 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Method for measuring sand-gravel stratum pore ratio |
-
2021
- 2021-05-17 CN CN202110534657.6A patent/CN113310868A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114076727A (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-02-22 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Resistivity-based ice porosity measurement method |
| CN114076727B (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-05-13 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Resistivity-based ice porosity measurement method |
| CN115479881A (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2022-12-16 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Method for measuring sand-gravel stratum pore ratio |
| CN115479881B (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2024-02-02 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Method for measuring porosity of gravel stratum |
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