CN113307468B - Treatment method and treatment system for oily sludge - Google Patents

Treatment method and treatment system for oily sludge Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113307468B
CN113307468B CN202110505250.0A CN202110505250A CN113307468B CN 113307468 B CN113307468 B CN 113307468B CN 202110505250 A CN202110505250 A CN 202110505250A CN 113307468 B CN113307468 B CN 113307468B
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oxygen
treatment
oily sludge
oil
gasification
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CN113307468A (en
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巩志强
韩悦
郭俊山
商攀峰
郑威
丁俊齐
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Shandong Electric Power Co Ltd
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Shandong Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/10—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by pyrolysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
    • C02F11/122—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering using filter presses
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/13—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/001—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals for sludges or waste products from water treatment installations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a treatment method and a treatment system of oily sludge, which are characterized in that the dewatered oily sludge is sequentially subjected to thermal cracking reaction and gasification treatment to obtain combustible gas, product oil and first solid residues, the first solid residues are subjected to oxygen-enriched combustion, and carbon dioxide generated by the oxygen-enriched combustion is used as a gasifying agent for the gasification treatment. The invention can fully utilize the petroleum in the oily sludge, thereby not only improving the oil removal rate, but also improving the recovery value.

Description

Treatment method and treatment system for oily sludge
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of environmental protection in the petrochemical industry, and relates to a treatment method and a treatment system for oily sludge.
Background
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
The oily sludge is a dangerous solid waste which is difficult to treat and is generated in the petrochemical industry, mainly comprises petroleum hydrocarbon, silt, medicaments, water and the like, and has a complex system and high harmfulness. Since oily sludge is difficult to degrade in a natural state and contains substances having strong toxicity, many countries and regions strictly regulate the treatment of oily sludge.
China uses a large amount of petroleum resources every year and produces more than 500 million tons of oily sludge every year. At present, the yield of oily sludge in China is far greater than the treatment capacity, the existing oily sludge is large in quantity, and meanwhile, the oily sludge stacked in the open air can cause great harm to the environment. At present, the treatment methods for oily sludge at home and abroad mainly comprise an incineration method, an extraction method, a biological method, a centrifugal separation method and the like, and all of the treatment methods have certain advantages, but have limitations and cannot fully utilize the beneficial value of the oily sludge. Therefore, developing research on reduction, reclamation and harmless treatment of the oily sludge has great significance on reducing the total amount of the oily sludge and protecting the environment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a treatment method and a treatment system for oily sludge, which can fully utilize petroleum in the oily sludge, improve the oil removal rate and improve the recovery value.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
on the one hand, the method for treating the oily sludge comprises the steps of sequentially carrying out thermal cracking reaction and gasification treatment on the dewatered oily sludge to obtain combustible gas, product oil and first solid residues, carrying out oxygen-enriched combustion on the first solid residues, and using carbon dioxide generated by the oxygen-enriched combustion as a gasifying agent for the gasification treatment.
The oil products in the oily sludge are separated in a pyrolysis mode, so that the oil products can be recycled again, the non-condensable gas is used as supplementary fuel, and the residues are recycled. The oil products in the oily sludge are mainly hydrocarbon compounds, the pyrolysis process of the hydrocarbon compounds mainly comprises thermal cracking and cracking, wherein the thermal cracking temperature is usually not higher than 600 ℃, light oil is mainly generated, the cracking temperature is not lower than 700 ℃, and the hydrocarbon compounds can be more completely converted into ethylene, propylene, butadiene, aromatic hydrocarbon and the like. Because pyrolysis removes oil better, it is generally preferred to treat oily sludge by pyrolysis.
The invention adopts thermal cracking, mainly reduces the molecular weight of petroleum hydrocarbon, can recover more product oil through gasification and condensation, but is easy to generate dehydrogenation reaction, dealkylation reaction, isomerization reaction, cyclization reaction, alkylation reaction and hydrogenation reaction when processing the oil-containing sludge, and the components also contain silt and medicament, thus leading to difficult complete processing of the oil-containing sludge. The invention adopts a gasification treatment mode to treat the solid residue after thermal cracking, and can gasify uncracked oil and part of pyrolysis coke, thereby increasing the recovery of oil in the oil-containing sludge. However, the residue after gasification still contains partial pyrolytic coke and chemical, if the residue can not be directly discharged, the invention can completely remove the pyrolytic coke and the chemical by further combustion treatment, and in order to reduce and improve the removal efficiency of the pyrolytic coke and the chemical, the invention adopts oxygen-enriched combustion for treatment.
The gasification treatment process mainly adopts a process of converting carbon-containing substances into gas by adopting a gasification agent, wherein the commonly used gasification agent is air and water vapor, and particularly, the water vapor is adopted as the gasification agent to generate hydrogen-rich gas, so that the cost is low, the resource utilization degree is high, however, after the gasification treatment, a large amount of pyrolytic coke is still contained in the first solid residue, so that a large amount of carbon dioxide is easily generated during combustion, and in order to reduce the emission of the carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide is used as the gasification agent, and the emission of the carbon dioxide is favorably reduced. Meanwhile, the invention adopts oxygen-enriched combustion to improve the capture of carbon dioxide, thereby being beneficial to using the carbon dioxide after combustion as a gasifying agent.
In addition, the presence of water can affect the treatment process of the sludge and affect the quality of the product oil, so the invention needs to carry out water removal treatment before thermal cracking treatment.
In another aspect, a system for treating oily sludge includes:
the dewatering unit is used for dewatering treatment of the oily sludge;
the circulating fluidized bed is used for carrying out thermal cracking reaction and gasification treatment on the dewatered oily sludge;
and the incineration unit is used for carrying out oxygen-enriched combustion on the first residues discharged by the circulating fluidized bed, and carbon dioxide generated by the incineration unit is used as a gasifying agent during gasification treatment in the circulating fluidized bed.
The invention adopts the circulating fluidized bed to carry out thermal cracking reaction and gasification treatment, when the thermal cracking treatment is finished, carbon dioxide is introduced into the circulating fluidized bed to carry out temperature rise and gasification at the same time, and one device can be adopted to realize two functions, thereby simplifying the system setting and reducing the investment. Meanwhile, carbon dioxide generated by the incineration unit is used as a gasifying agent, so that a foundation can be provided for thermal cracking and gasification by adopting a circulating fluidized bed technology.
Meanwhile, the circulating fluidized bed is adopted to carry out thermal cracking reaction and gasification treatment on the oily sludge, and then the oily sludge is conveyed to the incineration unit for oxygen-enriched combustion treatment, so that the recycling utilization is favorably realized to the maximum extent, and harmful substances such as heavy metals and the like are favorably stabilized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention adopts thermal cracking reaction and gasification treatment to treat the oily sludge, improves the oil removal rate of the oily sludge, and can completely remove oil in the oily sludge through oxygen-enriched combustion.
2. The oil phase and the cracked gas collected by the invention can be recycled, the heat generated by oxygen-enriched combustion can be used for generating electricity, the oily sludge is changed into valuable, and the treatment cost is reduced.
3. The invention adopts a mode of organically combining thermal cracking, gasification and oxygen-enriched combustion, and realizes the purposes of reduction, harmlessness and resource treatment of the oily sludge.
4. The invention adopts carbon dioxide as a gasifying agent and selects the carbon dioxide gasification technology of the circulating fluidized bed, and the carbon dioxide comes from carbon dioxide gas enriched in the flue gas of the incineration unit, thereby being beneficial to reducing the emission of the carbon dioxide.
5. The incineration unit of the invention adopts an oxygen enrichment technology, the oxygen concentration is maintained at about 55-65%, and the incineration temperature is 900-1000 ℃. A large amount of carbon dioxide gas is enriched in flue gas generated after incineration, and most of the carbon dioxide gas is used as a gasifying agent in the gasification process. The oxygen-enriched incineration can realize the enrichment of carbon dioxide gas, and the separated high-purity carbon dioxide gas is used as a gasifying agent in the gasification process, so that the capture and utilization of carbon dioxide are realized, the carbon dioxide emission in the whole treatment process is reduced, and a method is provided for realizing carbon peak reaching and carbon neutralization.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for treating oily sludge according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a system for treating oily sludge according to example 1 of the present invention;
the system comprises a plate-and-frame filter press 1, a dryer 2, a circulating fluidized bed 3, an oxygen-enriched combustion furnace 4, an air separation device 5, a condenser 6, a gas tank 7, a gas tank 8, an oil tank 9, a steam turbine 10 and a compressor.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
In order to improve the oil removal rate and the recovery value of the oily sludge at the same time, the invention provides a treatment method and a treatment system of the oily sludge.
In a typical embodiment of the present invention, a method for treating oil-containing sludge is provided, in which dewatered oil-containing sludge is subjected to thermal cracking reaction and gasification treatment in sequence to obtain combustible gas, product oil and first solid residue, the first solid residue is subjected to oxygen-enriched combustion, and carbon dioxide generated by the oxygen-enriched combustion is used as a gasifying agent for the gasification treatment.
The invention adopts the thermal cracking reaction to recover more product oil, and can further treat and recover the pyrolytic coke and the uncracked oil in the solid residue generated by thermal cracking through gasification treatment, thereby increasing the recovery of the oils in the oily sludge. Through oxygen-enriched combustion, the removal efficiency of the pyrolytic coke and the medicament can be improved, the capture of carbon dioxide can be improved, and the carbon dioxide is used as a gasifying agent, so that the emission of the carbon dioxide is favorably reduced.
The water removal of the oily sludge is a common water removal method, such as direct drying treatment, but the direct heating drying is long in time and high in energy consumption due to the fact that the water content of the oily sludge is high. In some examples of this embodiment, the oily sludge is mechanically dewatered and then dried to obtain dewatered oily sludge. Mechanical dehydration is firstly adopted for pretreatment, most of water in the oily sludge can be removed, and the working period is short. Meanwhile, the treatment volume of the oily sludge is greatly reduced after mechanical dehydration is adopted, the dehydration efficiency of the oily sludge is increased, and the energy consumption is reduced. The mechanical dehydration can reduce the water content to not more than 30% (e.g., 29.9%, 29.5%, 29%, etc.), and the drying treatment can reduce the water content to 5% or less (e.g., 4.5%, 4%, etc.).
In one or more embodiments, the temperature of the drying process is 100 to 110 ℃, such as 100 ℃, 105 ℃, 110 ℃, and the like.
In one or more embodiments, the heat source for the drying process is provided by the second solid residue and/or flue gas produced by oxycombustion. The energy consumption of the system can be further reduced.
In some embodiments of this embodiment, the heat source for the thermal cracking reaction and gasification process is provided by the second solid residue and/or flue gas produced by oxyfuel combustion. When the heat of the second solid residue and the heat supply of the flue gas are insufficient, the electric heating is used for supplying heat externally.
In one or more embodiments, the heat of the second solid residue and/or flue gas produced by the oxycombustion provides heat for the thermal cracking reaction and gasification process prior to providing heat for the drying process. Achieving a cascading utilization of capabilities.
The temperature of the thermal cracking reaction is 400 to 600 ℃, and in some examples of this embodiment, the temperature of the thermal cracking reaction is 500 to 600 ℃ (e.g., 500 ℃, 510 ℃, 520 ℃, 530 ℃, 540 ℃, 550 ℃, 560 ℃, 570 ℃, 580 ℃, 590 ℃, 600 ℃). Not only is beneficial to treating the oil content in the oily sludge, but also is beneficial to improving the oil yield of the product. The time of the thermal cracking reaction is 20-30 min.
In some examples of this embodiment, the vaporization temperature is 1000 to 1100 ℃ (e.g., 1000 ℃, 1010 ℃, 1020 ℃, 1030 ℃, 1040 ℃, 1050 ℃, 1060 ℃, 1070 ℃, 1080 ℃, 1090 ℃, 1100 ℃). The purpose of the present invention using carbon dioxide as a gasifying agent is to gasify carbon dioxide with uncracked oil and part of the pyrolysis coke, thereby lowering the treatment temperature of carbon dioxide as a gasifying agent. The gasification temperature is 20-30 min (e.g. 20min, 25min, 30 min). When the ratio of the time of the thermal cracking reaction to the time of the gasification treatment is 0.6-1.5, the treatment and recovery efficiency of the oil in the oil-containing sludge can be ensured.
In some examples of this embodiment, the heat generated by the oxycombustion is used to heat water to become steam for powering a steam turbine.
In some embodiments of this embodiment, a portion of the combustible gas obtained is used as a support fuel for oxyfuel combustion. The generated heat can be ensured to be used for generating electricity by a steam turbine.
The second solid residue produced by oxyfuel combustion is free of oil and meets national emission standards (GB4284-2018), and the heavy metal content is within standard limits (GB 15618-18), and in some embodiments, the second solid residue produced by oxyfuel combustion is used for paving roads and/or landfill.
The oxygen-enriched combustion is performed in such a way that the oxygen concentration is 55-65%. The temperature of oxygen-enriched combustion is 900-1000 ℃.
The invention preferably discloses a method for treating oily sludge, which comprises the following steps of: a pretreatment step a, a drying unit step b, a pyrolysis and gasification unit step c and an oxygen-enriched combustion unit step d. Wherein:
firstly, a pretreatment step a
The oily sludge is first pre-treated, mainly including mechanical dewatering. The water content of the oily sludge generally exceeds 50 percent, and some water content even exceeds 90 percent, and the subsequent treatment work of the oily sludge is influenced by the excessive water content. The volume of the oily sludge can be obviously reduced by primarily dehydrating the oily sludge, and the heat consumption caused by water evaporation in subsequent treatment is saved. The pretreatment is mainly a physical dehydration process, the preliminary dehydration of the oily sludge is completed by a plate-and-frame filter press and the like, and the water content of the oily sludge after the preliminary dehydration can be reduced to below 30 percent. The pretreated oily sludge is in the shape of a mud cake or a mud block, and the oily sludge is sent to a drying unit for deep drying and dehydration.
Step b of drying unit
The temperature in the drying unit is high, the drying temperature is 100-110 ℃, and the high temperature can evaporate residual water in the oily sludge to realize deep dehydration. The heat sources used by the drying unit are hot flue gas and hot slag which are waste heat from a subsequent treatment unit, the oil-containing sludge after drying treatment can remove most of water, and the water content of the oil-containing sludge after drying is less than 5%.
Step c of pyrolysis and gasification unit
And (3) feeding the dried oily sludge into a pyrolysis and gasification unit, wherein the oily sludge is subjected to a cracking reaction in a high-temperature oxygen-deficient environment, the pyrolysis temperature is 500-600 ℃, and the pyrolysis time is 20-30 min. And (3) after pyrolysis, the oily sludge enters a gasification unit, the gasification temperature is 1000-1100 ℃, carbon dioxide is used as a gasification agent, and the gasification time is 20-30 min. The heat source for pyrolysis and gasification is from hot slag and hot flue gas of the oxygen-enriched combustion unit, and when the heat quantity is insufficient, the heat source can be added externally. Through the processes of pyrolysis and gasification, organic matters such as petroleum hydrocarbons and the like contained in the oily sludge are converted into gaseous state, the gases are cooled by a subsequent condensing unit and then converted into recyclable product oil and combustible gas, and about 70% of oil content in the oily sludge is recycled through pyrolysis and gasification.
Step d of oxygen-enriched combustion unit
The oxycombustion unit is the last stage of the oily sludge treatment. The pyrolysis coke and the gasification residue have a certain heat value, air is introduced into the oxygen-enriched combustion furnace, combustible gas is added as auxiliary fuel, the mixture enters the oxygen-enriched combustion unit for continuous utilization, and oily sludge is subjected to oxygen-enriched combustionThe oil in the product is completely removed. The high-temperature hot slag and hot flue gas generated by the oxygen-enriched combustion unit are used as heat sources of the front processing unit, and CO enriched in the flue gas 2 The separated and purified gas is sent into a gasification unit as a gasification agent (the volume fraction of carbon dioxide in the flue gas after oxygen-enriched combustion can reach 80-90%, the rest is oxygen, nitrogen, argon and a small amount of nitrogen and sulfur-containing gas, the combusted gas is subjected to desulfurization, denitrification and dust removal, then the gas is introduced into a compression system for compression and sealing, the carbon dioxide with high volume fraction meeting the requirements of burying or utilization can be obtained through the compression process, and nitrogen oxide and sulfur oxide are removed at the same time). The heat generated in the oxygen-enriched combustion process is used for heating water in the steam boiler to generate high-temperature superheated steam and drive a steam turbine to generate power.
In another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a system for treating oily sludge, including:
the dewatering unit is used for dewatering the oily sludge;
the circulating fluidized bed is used for carrying out thermal cracking reaction and gasification treatment on the dewatered oily sludge;
and the incineration unit is used for carrying out oxygen-enriched combustion on the first solid residue discharged by the circulating fluidized bed, and carbon dioxide generated by the incineration unit is used as a gasifying agent in the gasification treatment in the circulating fluidized bed.
In some embodiments of this embodiment, the water removal unit comprises a pre-treatment device and a drying device connected in series. The pretreatment device is a mechanical dewatering device, such as a centrifuge, a plate and frame filter press, a dry cake filter, and the like.
In some examples of this embodiment, the incineration unit comprises an oxygen-enriched incinerator and an air separation unit, the solid phase outlet of the circulating fluidized bed is connected with the fuel inlet of the oxygen-enriched incinerator, and the oxygen outlet of the air separation unit is connected with the oxygen inlet of the oxygen-enriched incinerator. Oxygen is extracted by an air separation unit to provide sufficient oxygen for oxyfuel combustion.
Some embodiments of this embodiment include a condenser, and the vapor phase outlet of the circulating fluidized bed is connected to the condenser. And a gas phase outlet of the circulating fluidized bed is used for discharging thermal cracking reaction products and gasification products, and product oil and combustible gas are separated through condensation of a condenser.
In some examples of this embodiment, the oxygen-rich incinerator produces the second solid residue and flue gas as the heat source for the circulating fluidized bed. Specifically, the second solid residue turns water into steam, and a heating coil or a heating sleeve is used for heating the circulating fluidized bed; or the hot slag is directly added into the circulating fluidized bed to be used as a heat carrier. The flue gas directly enters a heating coil or a heating sleeve to heat the circulating fluidized bed; or the flue gas is taken as the carrier gas and directly introduced into the circulating fluidized bed for heating.
In some examples of this embodiment, the oxygen-rich incinerator produces a second solid residue and flue gas as a heat source for the water removal unit.
Some examples of this embodiment include a steam boiler, wherein heat generated by oxyfuel combustion in the oxyfuel combustor is used to heat the steam boiler.
In one or more embodiments, including a steam turbine, the steam from the steam boiler propels the steam turbine to generate electricity.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
A treatment system of oily sludge comprises a plate-and-frame filter press 1, a dryer 2, a circulating fluidized bed 3 and an oxygen-enriched combustion furnace 4 in sequence according to the flow direction of the oily sludge as shown in figure 2.
The gas phase outlet of the circulating fluidized bed 3 is connected with a condenser 6 for product separation, the separated combustible gas enters a gas tank 7, and the separated product oil enters an oil tank 8.
The oxygen inlet of the oxygen-enriched combustion furnace 4 is provided with an oxygen outlet of an air separation device 5.
The gas inlet of the oxygen-enriched combustion furnace 4 is connected with a gas tank for taking the generated combustible gas as auxiliary fuel.
The flue gas of the oxygen-enriched combustion furnace 4 is used as a heat source for the dryer 2 and the circulating fluidized bed 3.
The flue gas generated by the oxygen-enriched combustion furnace 4 is used as a heat source of the dryer 2.
The steam outlet of the oxygen-enriched combustion furnace 4 is connected with a steam turbine 9 for steam power generation.
The flue gas outlet of the oxygen-enriched combustion furnace 4 is connected with a compressor 10, and carbon dioxide enriched in the flue gas is collected through the compressor 10.
A method for treating oily sludge, as shown in fig. 1, comprising: a pretreatment step a, a drying unit step b, a pyrolysis and gasification unit step c and an oxygen-enriched combustion unit step d. Wherein:
firstly, a pretreatment step a
The oily sludge is first mechanically dewatered. The water content of the oily sludge is 45.4%. The volume of the oily sludge can be obviously reduced by primarily dehydrating the oily sludge, and the heat consumption caused by water evaporation in subsequent treatment is saved. The pretreatment is mainly a physical dehydration process, and the water content of the oily sludge after primary dehydration can be reduced to 29.5 percent. The oil-containing sludge after the pretreatment is in a mud cake shape, and the oil-containing sludge is sent into a drying unit for deep drying and dehydration.
Step b of drying unit
The temperature in the drying unit is higher, the drying temperature is 105 ℃, and the high temperature can evaporate the residual water in the oily sludge to realize deep dehydration. The heat sources used by the drying unit are hot flue gas and hot slag which are waste heat from the subsequent treatment unit, the oil-containing sludge after drying treatment can remove most of water, and the water content of the oil-containing sludge after drying is 4.8%.
Step c of pyrolysis and gasification unit
The dried oil-containing sludge is sent into a pyrolysis and gasification unit, the oil-containing sludge is firstly subjected to a cracking reaction in a high-temperature oxygen-deficient environment, the pyrolysis temperature is 550 ℃, and the pyrolysis time is 25 min. And (3) after pyrolysis, the oily sludge enters a gasification unit, the gasification temperature is 1050 ℃, carbon dioxide is used as a gasification agent, and the gasification time is 20 min. The heat source for pyrolysis and gasification comes from the hot slag and the hot flue gas of the oxygen-enriched combustion unit, and when the heat quantity is insufficient, the heat source can be added externally. Organic matters such as petroleum hydrocarbon contained in the oily sludge are converted into gaseous state through the processes of pyrolysis and gasification, the gases are converted into recyclable product oil and combustible gas after being cooled by a subsequent condensing unit, and 70% of oil content in the oily sludge is recovered through pyrolysis and gasification.
Step d of oxygen-enriched combustion unit
The oxycombustion unit is the last stage of the oily sludge treatment. The pyrolysis coke and the gasified residue have a certain heat value, air is introduced into the oxygen-enriched combustion furnace, combustible gas is added as auxiliary fuel, the oxygen-enriched combustion furnace enters the oxygen-enriched combustion unit for continuous utilization, and oil in the oily sludge is thoroughly removed after the oxygen-enriched combustion (the oil content of the solid-phase residue after the oxygen enrichment is generated is below 0.2%). High-temperature hot slag and hot flue gas generated by the oxygen-enriched combustion unit are used as heat sources of the front processing unit, and CO enriched in the flue gas 2 Separated and purified as a gasifying agent to be sent to a gasifying unit. The heat generated in the oxygen-enriched combustion process is used for heating water in the steam boiler to generate high-temperature superheated steam and drive a steam turbine to generate power.
The cooled hot slag meets the national emission standard (GB 4284-.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (13)

1. A treatment method of oily sludge is characterized in that the dewatered oily sludge is sequentially subjected to thermal cracking reaction and gasification treatment to obtain combustible gas, product oil and first solid residue, the first solid residue is subjected to oxygen-enriched combustion, and carbon dioxide generated by the oxygen-enriched combustion is used as a gasifying agent for the gasification treatment;
the heat of the second solid residue and/or the flue gas generated by the oxygen-enriched combustion provides heat for the thermal cracking reaction and the gasification treatment firstly, and then provides heat for the drying treatment;
the thermal cracking temperature is 500-600 ℃; the time of the thermal cracking reaction is 20-30 min;
the gasification temperature is 700-800 ℃; the gasification time is 20-30 min;
the ratio of the time of the thermal cracking reaction to the time of the gasification treatment is 0.6-1.5;
the oxygen concentration is maintained at 55-65%, and the incineration temperature is 900-1000 ℃.
2. The method for treating oil-containing sludge according to claim 1, wherein the oil-containing sludge is mechanically dewatered and then dried to obtain dewatered oil-containing sludge;
the temperature of the drying treatment is 100-110 ℃.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the heat generated by the oxyfuel combustion is used to heat water and turn the water into steam to drive a turbine to generate electricity.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein a part of the obtained combustible gas is used as an auxiliary fuel for oxyfuel combustion.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second solid residue produced by oxyfuel combustion is used for road paving and/or landfill.
6. A treatment system for oily sludge for realizing the treatment method for oily sludge according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising:
the dewatering unit is used for dewatering treatment of the oily sludge;
the circulating fluidized bed is used for carrying out thermal cracking reaction and gasification treatment on the dewatered oily sludge;
and the incineration unit is used for carrying out oxygen-enriched combustion on the first solid residue discharged by the circulating fluidized bed, and carbon dioxide generated by the incineration unit is used as a gasifying agent in the gasification treatment in the circulating fluidized bed.
7. The oil-containing sludge treatment system as claimed in claim 6, wherein the water removal unit comprises a pretreatment apparatus and a drying apparatus connected in sequence.
8. The oily sludge treatment system as claimed in claim 6, wherein the incineration unit comprises an oxygen-rich incinerator and an air separation unit, the solid phase outlet of the circulating fluidized bed is connected with the fuel inlet of the oxygen-rich incinerator, and the oxygen outlet of the air separation unit is connected with the oxygen inlet of the oxygen-rich incinerator.
9. The oily sludge treatment system as claimed in claim 6, which comprises a condenser, and the gas phase outlet of the circulating fluidized bed is connected to the condenser.
10. The oil-containing sludge treatment system as set forth in claim 6, wherein the oxygen-rich incinerator produces the second solid residue and the flue gas as heat sources for the circulating fluidized bed.
11. The oil-containing sludge treatment system as claimed in claim 6, wherein the oxygen-rich incinerator produces the second solid residue and the flue gas as a heat source for the water removal unit.
12. The oil-containing sludge treatment system as claimed in claim 6, which comprises a steam boiler, wherein heat generated by the oxygen-enriched combustion in the oxygen-enriched combustor is used for heating the steam boiler.
13. The oil-containing sludge treatment system according to claim 6, wherein the system comprises a steam turbine, and the steam turbine is driven by steam from the steam boiler to generate electricity.
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