CN113307442A - Fluidized bed biological membrane sewage treatment method and system - Google Patents
Fluidized bed biological membrane sewage treatment method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113307442A CN113307442A CN202110179504.4A CN202110179504A CN113307442A CN 113307442 A CN113307442 A CN 113307442A CN 202110179504 A CN202110179504 A CN 202110179504A CN 113307442 A CN113307442 A CN 113307442A
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
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- C02F2203/00—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fluidized bed biofilm sewage treatment method and a system, which comprises a flow impeller, an aeration device, an anaerobic tank, an aerobic tank and a secondary sedimentation tank, wherein the total microorganism bearing capacity of the system can be improved under the condition of constant tank capacity by a PVA carrier; by the method and the system, the speed of degrading pollutants biochemically by the system is increased, the overall treatment efficiency is improved, so that sewage with larger water volume can be treated by smaller tank capacity, and in the actual engineering, sewage with the same water quality and water volume is treated, and the tank capacity required by the method and the system is only half of that of the traditional activated sludge method; by the method and the system, the return of the nitrifying liquid is not needed, an anoxic tank is not needed, the treatment process is greatly simplified, and the treatment efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of sewage treatment, in particular to a fluidized bed biological membrane sewage treatment method and a fluidized bed biological membrane sewage treatment system.
Background
With the rapid development of economy in China, the quality and the quantity of water of domestic sewage and industrial sewage are changed, and the drainage index is improved under the background of the national environmental protection strategy. The sewage treatment plant has the advantages that the smaller tank capacity is needed to treat more wastewater, the limited tank capacity is needed to improve the pollutant degradation efficiency, and in the future, under the background of more tense land, the sewage treatment plant has the requirements of smaller land occupation, higher treatment efficiency, more stable system and less sludge yield. In the sewage treatment with large water quality and water quantity fluctuation, the structure of the activated sludge is easy to impact, the faults of sludge expansion, sludge floating, poor settleability and the like occur, the activated sludge is usually required to be stopped for treatment after recovery, and the trend of efficiently treating large water quantity in a small treatment plant in the future is obviously inconsistent. In addition, because the number of microorganisms carried by the activated sludge is limited (about 2-3 g/L), if the water quality standard of the discharged water needs to be improved, higher activated sludge concentration or larger biochemical treatment tank capacity is needed, and the two directly result in the increase of capital cost, operation cost and sludge disposal cost.
In the traditional activated sludge method, pretreated wastewater firstly enters an anaerobic tank, and a large amount of anaerobic activated sludge is generated in the anaerobic tank: a hydrolysis stage; acid-producing fermentation stage; a hydrogen-producing and acetic acid-producing stage; in the methane production stage, part of organic matters are degraded, meanwhile, microorganisms in anaerobic activated sludge hydrolyze macromolecular organic matters into micromolecular easily-degradable organic matters, in an anoxic tank, sewage is mixed with nitrifying liquid flowing back from an aerobic tank, nitrate nitrogen is converted into nitrogen under the action of denitrifying bacteria in activated sludge and is discharged from a system, the sewage enters the aerobic tank from the anoxic tank, the organic matters are continuously degraded by the aerobic microorganisms in the activated sludge, BOD is reduced, meanwhile, the nitrifying bacteria convert ammonia nitrogen and organic nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen, and the nitrate nitrogen is returned to the anoxic tank through the backflow of the nitrifying liquid to perform denitrification. And the secondary sedimentation tank performs mud-water separation on the mixture of the activated sludge and water discharged by the biochemical system through gravity sedimentation, the separated supernatant is discharged, and part of the settled activated sludge is refluxed to the anaerobic tank at the front end of the system to continuously play a role.
Traditional activated sludge process system uses activated sludge as the microorganism carrier alone, though can solve a lot of water pollution problems, but along with the improvement of environmental protection demand, this system also shows some problems prominently:
1. the number of microorganisms carried by activated sludge in unit volume is limited (the carrying capacity of an activated sludge biomembrane is about 2-5 g/L), the efficiency of degrading pollutants is general, so that the biochemical pond is generally large, and thousands of cubes of biochemical ponds in municipal sewage treatment plants are common and occupy valuable land area.
2. Because of different requirements of nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria on the oxygen content of the environment, the prior art can only be provided with an anoxic tank, and the nitrifying liquid flows back to the anoxic tank for denitrification treatment by means of sewage nitration reaction in the aerobic tank, so that the power resource is relatively wasted, and the volume of the returned nitrifying liquid is met by a large tank capacity.
3. The generation growth period of the denitrifying dominant bacteria nitrifying bacteria is long, the sludge age is long, and less sludge is required to be discharged to culture the nitrifying bacteria; the growth cycle of the phosphorus-accumulating flora is short, and phosphorus in water is finally removed in a mode of releasing phosphorus into sludge, so that the sludge needs to be short in age and the sludge rich in phosphorus needs to be discharged frequently. Both are contradictory in conventional systems.
4. In the operation process of the activated sludge system, a large amount of residual aged sludge is generated and needs to be discharged for sludge disposal. The cost is high and the pollutant transfer is easy to cause.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fluidized bed biological membrane sewage treatment method and a system.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the following scheme is provided:
the utility model provides a fluidized bed biomembrane sewage treatment system, includes impeller and aeration equipment, still includes anaerobism pond, good oxygen pond and secondary sedimentation tank, the anaerobism pond is connected and is linked together with good oxygen pond, good oxygen pond is connected and is linked together with secondary sedimentation tank, the bottom of secondary sedimentation tank is connected and is linked together with the bottom in anaerobism pond, the bottom in anaerobism pond is equipped with the impeller, the bottom in good oxygen pond is equipped with aeration equipment, the upper portion and the lower part in anaerobism pond all are equipped with the baffle, the upper portion and the lower part in good oxygen pond all are equipped with the baffle, all be equipped with PVA carrier and PVA carrier in anaerobism pond and the good oxygen pond and lie in between two baffles in two ponds, all be equipped with the carrier on the baffle on the upper portion in good oxygen pond and anaerobism pond and annotate with mouthful.
A fixed bed biofilm sewage treatment method using the mixed growth sewage treatment system of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s1, culturing for the first day, adding 20% of sewage in the tank volume into an anaerobic tank, starting a flow pushing device at the bottom of the anaerobic tank, and simultaneously adding a first batch of artificially-compounded anaerobic microbial inoculum into the anaerobic tank, wherein the anaerobic microbial inoculum comprises saccharomycetes, hydrolytic bacteria and methanogens, and the adding amount is 50 g per cubic meter of the tank volume;
s2, culturing for the first day, adding sewage accounting for 15% of the tank volume of the aerobic tank, starting an aeration device, keeping dissolved oxygen about 4mg/L, and simultaneously adding a first batch of artificially-compounded aerobic microbial inoculum into the aerobic tank, wherein the aerobic microbial inoculum comprises bacillus subtilis, micrococcus and phosphorus accumulating bacteria, and the adding amount is 50 g per cubic meter of the tank volume;
s3, culturing for the first day, injecting sewage into the anaerobic tank and the aerobic tank, stopping injecting water when the water level reaches about 2/3, keeping the flow impeller and the aeration device normally open, and culturing aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria for 4 days;
s4, culturing for the fifth day, adding PVA carriers into the anaerobic tank and the aerobic tank through carrier injection adding ports of upper baffles of the aerobic tank and the anaerobic tank, wherein the adding amount is 10% of the tank volume, and simultaneously adding a second batch of microbial inoculum, the type of the microbial inoculum is similar to that of the first batch of microbial inoculum, but nitrobacteria and denitrifying bacteria are added into the aerobic tank, the adding amount of the microbial inoculum is 150 g per cubic meter of the tank volume, and continuously culturing for 5 days;
s5, culturing for the tenth day, gradually maturing microorganisms on the PVA carrier and in the sewage in the aerobic tank and the anaerobic tank, enabling the number of the microorganisms to reach a peak value, gradually forming a yellow biological film on the PVA carrier, and continuously culturing for 2 days;
s6, culturing for the twelfth day, continuously injecting water into the system until the position of a water outlet of the secondary sedimentation tank is reached, and then stopping aeration in the aerobic tank and the anaerobic tank for three days;
s7, culturing for the fifteenth day, beginning to continuously feed water into the anaerobic tank every day, wherein the water inflow of the first day is 10% of the designed water inflow, then increasing the water inflow by 10% every day until the designed water inflow is reached, and during the period, all the sludge deposited in the secondary sedimentation tank flows back into the anaerobic tank through a supercharging device;
s8, culturing for twenty-sixth day, and discharging sludge in the aerobic tank and the anaerobic tank;
s9, the system runs with normal water quantity.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the total microorganism bearing capacity of the system can be improved under the condition of constant tank volume by the PVA carrier, and the total microorganism bearing capacity of the system can be greatly increased by a biological film formed on the surface of the PVA carrier without a large-capacity treatment tank, so that the treatment efficiency of the system cannot be accelerated under the condition of constant tank volume;
2. by the method and the system, the density of microorganisms stably growing in the system is greatly improved, the speed of the system for degrading pollutants biochemically is improved, the overall treatment efficiency is improved, and sewage with larger water volume can be treated by smaller tank volume;
3. by the method and the system, the return of the nitrifying liquid is not needed, an anoxic tank is not needed, the treatment process is greatly simplified, and the treatment efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system block diagram of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1. the device comprises an anaerobic tank, 2. a flow impeller, 3. a baffle, 4. an aerobic tank, 5. an aeration device, 6. a PVA carrier and 7. a secondary sedimentation tank.
Detailed Description
The following is further detailed by the specific embodiments:
as shown in fig. 1, a fluidized bed biofilm sewage treatment system comprises a flow pushing device 2 and an aeration device 5, and further comprises an anaerobic tank 1, an aerobic tank 4 and a secondary sedimentation tank 7, wherein the anaerobic tank 1 is connected and communicated with the aerobic tank 4, the aerobic tank 4 is connected and communicated with the secondary sedimentation tank 7, the bottom of the secondary sedimentation tank 7 is connected and communicated with the bottom of the anaerobic tank 1, the flow pushing device 2 is arranged at the bottom of the anaerobic tank 1, the aeration device 5 is arranged at the bottom of the aerobic tank 4, baffle plates 3 are arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the anaerobic tank 1, baffle plates 3 are arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the aerobic tank 4, PVA carriers 6 are arranged in the anaerobic tank 1 and the aerobic tank 4, and the PVA carriers 6 are positioned between the two baffle plates 3 of the two tanks, and carrier injection filling ports are arranged on the baffle plates 3 at the upper parts of the aerobic tank 4 and the anaerobic tank 1.
Both the impeller and the aeration device are well-established technologies in the prior art, and are not described herein.
The baffle plates at the anaerobic tank 1 and the aerobic tank 4 can use engineering plastics to quickly install filter plates, long-handle filter heads are additionally arranged on the baffle plates at the lower parts of the two tanks, and drainage filter caps are arranged on the baffle plates at the upper parts of the two tanks.
A fixed bed biofilm sewage treatment method using the mixed growth sewage treatment system of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s1, culturing for the first day, adding 20% of sewage in the tank capacity into an anaerobic tank 1, starting a flow pusher 2 at the bottom of the anaerobic tank 1, and simultaneously adding a first batch of artificially-compounded anaerobic microbial inoculum into the anaerobic tank 1, wherein the anaerobic microbial inoculum comprises saccharomycetes, hydrolytic bacteria and methanogens, and the adding amount is 50 g per cubic meter of the tank capacity;
s2, culturing for the first day, adding sewage accounting for 15% of the tank volume of the aerobic tank 4, starting an aeration device 5, keeping dissolved oxygen about 4mg/L, and simultaneously adding a first batch of artificially-compounded aerobic microbial inoculum into the aerobic tank 4, wherein the aerobic microbial inoculum comprises bacillus subtilis, micrococcus and phosphorus accumulating bacteria, and the adding amount is 50 g per cubic meter of the tank volume;
s3, culturing for the first day, injecting sewage into the anaerobic tank 1 and the aerobic tank 4, stopping injecting water when the water level reaches about 2/3, keeping the flow pusher 2 and the aeration device 5 normally open, and culturing aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria for 4 days;
s4, culturing for the fifth day, adding PVA carriers 6 into the anaerobic tank 1 and the aerobic tank 4 through carrier injection adding ports of upper baffles 3 of the aerobic tank 4 and the anaerobic tank 1, wherein the adding amount is 10 percent of the tank volume, and simultaneously adding a second batch of microbial inoculum, the type of the microbial inoculum is similar to that of the first time, but nitrobacteria and denitrifying bacteria are added into the aerobic tank 4, the adding amount of the microbial inoculum is 150 g per cubic meter of the tank volume, and continuously culturing for 5 days;
s5, culturing for the tenth day, wherein microorganisms on the PVA carrier 6 and in the sewage in the aerobic tank 4 and the anaerobic tank 1 are gradually matured, the number reaches a peak value, a yellow biological film gradually appears on the PVA carrier 6, and continuously culturing for 2 days;
s6, culturing for the twelfth day, continuously injecting water into the system until the position of a water outlet of the secondary sedimentation tank 7 is reached, and then stopping aeration in the aerobic tank 4 and the anaerobic tank 1 for three days;
s7, culturing for the fifteenth day, beginning to continuously feed water into the anaerobic tank 1 every day, wherein the water inflow of the first day is 10% of the designed water inflow, then increasing the water inflow by 10% every day until the designed water inflow is reached, and during the period, all the sludge deposited in the secondary sedimentation tank 7 flows back into the anaerobic tank 1 through a pressurizing device;
s8, culturing for twenty-sixth day, and discharging sludge in the aerobic tank 4 and the anaerobic tank 1;
s9, the system runs with normal water quantity.
The method and the system for treating sewage by the fluidized bed biomembrane method are provided with an anaerobic tank 1, an aerobic tank 4 and a secondary sedimentation tank 7, sludge backflow is not needed between the secondary sedimentation tank 7 and the anaerobic tank 1, and compared with a common nitrogen and phosphorus removal system, the system does not need an anoxic tank for auxiliary nitrogen removal, does not need nitrifying liquid backflow and does not need sludge backflow.
After sewage enters the anaerobic tank 1, the flow impeller 2 pushes water flow to be in contact with the suspended PVA carrier 6, the PVA carrier 6 has a large specific surface area of square meter/m and has a density of 1.02g/cm for cultivating trees, so that the PVA carrier can bear a large amount of microorganisms, and after bearing the microorganisms, the density is slightly heavier than water, the PVA carrier 2 and the aeration device 5 can be easily mixed with water through the flow impeller, and the PVA carrier is uniformly suspended in the water and is in a fluidized state. By the culture mode of adding microbial agents from an external source, a large number of special efficient microorganisms can be attached to the PVA carrier 6, the BOD load of the carrier can reach 50 KG/cubic carrier per day under the condition that the adding amount is 10 percent of the tank volume, and is 5-10 times greater than the BOD load of activated sludge with the same volume, the PVA carrier 6 and a biological membrane carried by the PVA carrier completely replace the activated sludge to play a role in biologically degrading pollutants, no activated sludge exists in a system, and sludge backflow is not needed. The PVA carrier 6 has a porous foaming structure, so that the surface of the PVA carrier is in an aerobic environment in the aerobic tank 4, the center of the PVA carrier is in an anoxic environment, denitrifying bacteria are gathered in the anoxic zone of the center of the PVA carrier, nitrifying bacteria are gathered in the aerobic zone of the surface, and nitrification and denitrification are synchronously carried out in one tank without nitrifying liquid backflow. Because the biofilm peeled off by the pure biofilm method is few and is in a fine solid state, the tail end of the pure biofilm method is added with the inclined tube sedimentation tank for further interception and sedimentation, and the effluent SS is reduced.
Compared with the original system only having the form of activated sludge, the method and the system can improve the total microorganism bearing capacity of the system by adding the novel PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) special foaming biological solidification carrier into the anaerobic tank 1 and the aerobic tank 4 under the condition of constant tank volume, the PVA carrier 6 has large specific surface area and excellent hydrophilicity, the BOD load of the carrier can reach 50 KG/cubic carrier day under the adding amount taking 10 percent of the tank volume as the standard, and is 5-10 times larger than the BOD load of the activated sludge with the same volume, the total microorganism bearing capacity of the system can be greatly increased through small adding, the size of the system is not changed, but the number of the born microorganisms is greatly increased, and the foundation is laid for accelerating the system treatment efficiency under the condition of constant tank volume.
Compared with the passive mode that the microbial source of the original system only depends on the inoculation of the microbes in the sludge, the method and the system can improve the microbial quantity in the tank in a short time by actively adding the environment-friendly microbial agent into the anaerobic tank 1 and the aerobic tank 4, and the PVA carrier 6 can have enough microbial quantity to bear the load. Thereby realize not changing under the condition of the pond appearance, the microbial density of the stable growth in the system promotes greatly, and the speed of the biochemical degradation pollutant of system promotes, and the promotion of whole treatment effeciency makes less pond appearance can handle the sewage of great water yield. In the actual engineering, sewage with the same water quality and water quantity is treated, and the tank volume required by a fluidized bed single biofilm method treatment system is only half of that of the traditional activated sludge method.
Compared with the traditional activated sludge system for removing total nitrogen in a mode of returning nitrifying liquid to an anoxic tank, the method and the system have the advantages that due to the unique foaming characteristic of the PVA carrier 6, the surface of the PVA carrier is provided with a plurality of small holes, the surface of the PVA carrier is in contact with more dissolved oxygen in the aerobic tank 4, the PVA carrier is in an aerobic environment, the inner central part of the PVA carrier is in contact with less dissolved oxygen and is in an anoxic state, and therefore synchronous nitrification and denitrification nitrogen removal can be achieved in the same biochemical tank, the nitrifying liquid does not need to return, the anoxic tank does not need to be arranged, the treatment process is greatly simplified, and the treatment efficiency is improved.
The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention, and common general knowledge in the field of known specific structures and characteristics of the embodiments is not described herein in any greater extent than that known to persons of ordinary skill in the art at the filing date or before the priority date of the present invention, so that all of the prior art in this field can be known and can be applied with the ability of conventional experimental means before this date. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the applicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a fluidized bed biofilm sewage treatment system, includes impeller and aeration equipment, its characterized in that: still include anaerobism pond, good oxygen pond and secondary sedimentation tank, the anaerobism pond is connected and is linked together with good oxygen pond, good oxygen pond is connected and is linked together with the secondary sedimentation tank, the bottom of secondary sedimentation tank is connected and is linked together with the bottom in anaerobism pond, the bottom in anaerobism pond is equipped with the impeller, the bottom in good oxygen pond is equipped with aeration equipment, the upper portion and the lower part in anaerobism pond all are equipped with the baffle, the upper portion and the lower part in good oxygen pond all are equipped with the baffle, all be equipped with PVA carrier and PVA carrier is located between two baffles in two ponds in anaerobism pond and the good oxygen pond, all be equipped with the carrier on the baffle on the upper portion in good oxygen pond and anaerobism pond and annotate with mouthful.
2. A fixed bed biofilm sewage treatment method using the mixed growth sewage treatment system of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s1, culturing for the first day, adding 20% of sewage in the tank volume into an anaerobic tank, starting a flow pushing device at the bottom of the anaerobic tank, and simultaneously adding a first batch of artificially-compounded anaerobic microbial inoculum into the anaerobic tank, wherein the anaerobic microbial inoculum comprises saccharomycetes, hydrolytic bacteria and methanogens, and the adding amount is 50 g per cubic meter of the tank volume;
s2, culturing for the first day, adding sewage accounting for 15% of the tank volume of the aerobic tank, starting an aeration device, keeping dissolved oxygen about 4mg/L, and simultaneously adding a first batch of artificially-compounded aerobic microbial inoculum into the aerobic tank, wherein the aerobic microbial inoculum comprises bacillus subtilis, micrococcus and phosphorus accumulating bacteria, and the adding amount is 50 g per cubic meter of the tank volume;
s3, culturing for the first day, injecting sewage into the anaerobic tank and the aerobic tank, stopping injecting water when the water level reaches about 2/3, keeping the flow impeller and the aeration device normally open, and culturing aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria for 4 days;
s4, culturing for the fifth day, adding PVA carriers into the anaerobic tank and the aerobic tank through carrier injection adding ports of upper baffles of the aerobic tank and the anaerobic tank, wherein the adding amount is 10% of the tank volume, and simultaneously adding a second batch of microbial inoculum, the type of the microbial inoculum is similar to that of the first batch of microbial inoculum, but nitrobacteria and denitrifying bacteria are added into the aerobic tank, the adding amount of the microbial inoculum is 150 g per cubic meter of the tank volume, and continuously culturing for 5 days;
s5, culturing for the tenth day, gradually maturing microorganisms on the PVA carrier and in the sewage in the aerobic tank and the anaerobic tank, enabling the number of the microorganisms to reach a peak value, gradually forming a yellow biological film on the PVA carrier, and continuously culturing for 2 days;
s6, culturing for the twelfth day, continuously injecting water into the system until the position of a water outlet of the secondary sedimentation tank is reached, and then closing and exposing the aerobic tank and the anaerobic tank for three days;
s7, culturing for the fifteenth day, beginning to continuously feed water into the anaerobic tank every day, wherein the water inflow of the first day is 10% of the designed water inflow, then increasing the water inflow by 10% every day until the designed water inflow is reached, and during the period, all the sludge deposited in the secondary sedimentation tank flows back into the anaerobic tank through a supercharging device;
s8, culturing for twenty-sixth day, and discharging sludge in the aerobic tank and the anaerobic tank;
s9, the system runs with normal water quantity.
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