CN113304609A - Balance control method for thermal power generating unit denitration system - Google Patents

Balance control method for thermal power generating unit denitration system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113304609A
CN113304609A CN202110589554.XA CN202110589554A CN113304609A CN 113304609 A CN113304609 A CN 113304609A CN 202110589554 A CN202110589554 A CN 202110589554A CN 113304609 A CN113304609 A CN 113304609A
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Prior art keywords
nox
outlet
flue
concentration
ammonia
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Inventor
陈欢乐
胡显亭
杨荣
李荣春
杨康
祝建飞
归一数
陶鑫
王阳
尚天坤
王念龙
沈建峰
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State Power Investment Group Xiexin Binhai Power Generation Co ltd
Shanghai Minghua Power Technology Co ltd
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State Power Investment Group Xiexin Binhai Power Generation Co ltd
Shanghai Minghua Power Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202110589554.XA priority Critical patent/CN113304609A/en
Publication of CN113304609A publication Critical patent/CN113304609A/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/90Injecting reactants
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8621Removing nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/8625Nitrogen oxides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00Reactants
    • B01D2251/20Reductants
    • B01D2251/206Ammonium compounds
    • B01D2251/2062Ammonia
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02Other waste gases
    • B01D2258/0283Flue gases

Abstract

The invention relates to a balance control method for a denitration system of a thermal power generating unit, which comprises the following steps: on one hand, by utilizing the environmental protection assessment characteristic of the small-average value of the concentration of the NOx at the outlet of the flue, the change condition of the average value of the concentration of the NOx is counted in real time in each assessment time period, and the NOx concentration control value required in the future is calculated to meet the environmental protection assessment requirement, so that the set value of the ammonia injection flow is corrected, and the balance control of the NOx at the outlet of the flue and the NOx at the outlet of the SCR is realized; and on the other hand, according to the ammonia escape rate deviation at two sides of the flue, correcting the set values of the ammonia spraying flow rates of the SCR at the two sides to realize ammonia escape balance control. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of improving the denitration control performance of the thermal power generating unit, reducing the denitration ammonia injection flow consumption, improving the safe and stable operation capability of the unit and the like.

Description

Balance control method for thermal power generating unit denitration system
Technical Field
The invention relates to a denitration control method for a thermal power generating unit, in particular to a balance control method for a denitration system of the thermal power generating unit.
Background
With the increasingly strict national requirements on environmental protection, the flue gas denitration of the thermal power generating unit becomes a severe task. The Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) technology is widely applied at home and abroad as the flue gas denitration technology which is the most widely applied and has the best effect at present. The SCR flue gas denitration reaction mechanism is complex, the denitration efficiency is influenced by factors such as reaction temperature, flue gas flow rate, catalyst characteristics, ammonia nitrogen molar ratio and the like, and the control of ammonia spraying amount plays a crucial role in denitration effect. The denitration efficiency of the SCR system is low due to the small ammonia injection amount, and NOx at an outlet is discharged in an overproof manner to pollute the environment; excessive ammonia injection can cause excessive ammonia escape, easily cause problems of catalyst failure, blockage of an air preheater and the like, and the excessive ammonia can also increase economic cost.
At present, the thermal power generating unit controls the ammonia injection amount in a tail flue of a boiler by dividing the tail flue into two sides, and each side is adjusted according to the concentration of NOx at an SCR outlet at the same side. Because the activity of the SCR catalyst of the two side flues is different, the denitration efficiency of the two sides has certain deviation, if the NOx at the SCR outlets of the two sides is controlled at the same fixed value, the ammonia escape rate at the low-efficiency side is higher than that at the high-efficiency side, and certain ammonia spraying amount waste is caused. Meanwhile, an environmental protection department uses a boiler flue outlet NOx actual measurement value as a final detection value discharged by a unit, and the final detection value is influenced by non-uniformity of a flue gas flow field at the tail part of a boiler, a flue outlet NOx concentration measurement value and an SCR outlet NOx concentration measurement value generally have great difference, and only denitration control is performed according to the SCR outlet NOx concentration, so that the condition that the flue outlet NOx concentration is higher or lower is easily caused, and the denitration control effect is not ideal.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a balance control method for a thermal power generating unit denitration system, which improves the denitration control performance of the thermal power generating unit, reduces the denitration ammonia injection flow consumption and improves the safe and stable operation capability of the thermal power generating unit.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
according to one aspect of the invention, a balance control method for a denitration system of a thermal power generating unit is provided, and the method comprises the following steps:
on one hand, by utilizing the environmental protection assessment characteristic of the small-average value of the concentration of the NOx at the outlet of the flue, the change condition of the average value of the concentration of the NOx is counted in real time in each assessment time period, and the NOx concentration control value required in the future is calculated to meet the environmental protection assessment requirement, so that the set value of the ammonia injection flow is corrected, and the balance control of the NOx at the outlet of the flue and the NOx at the outlet of the SCR is realized;
and on the other hand, according to the ammonia escape rate deviation at two sides of the flue, correcting the set values of the ammonia spraying flow rates of the SCR at the two sides to realize ammonia escape balance control.
As an optimal technical scheme, the method ensures that one side with high efficiency bears more denitration tasks under the condition of keeping the discharge amount of NOx at the outlet of the flue unchanged, realizes the balance control of the NOx at the outlet of the flue and the NOx at the outlet of the SCR, and improves the denitration control performance of the unit.
As a preferred technical scheme, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1) determining NOx concentration set values at SCR outlets on two sides and a flue outlet NOx concentration check set value;
step 2) counting the variation condition of the mean value of the concentration of the NOx at the outlet of the flue in each environmental protection assessment time period, and calculating the variation condition as a NOx concentration control value meeting the future requirement of the set requirement;
step 3) converting the deviation between the future required flue outlet NOx concentration control value obtained in the step 2) and the flue outlet NOx concentration, and superposing the deviation on the SCR ammonia injection flow rate set values at two sides;
and 4) reading the ammonia escape rate of the SCR outlets at the two sides, and correcting the set values of the ammonia spraying flow rates of the SCR outlets at the two sides according to the deviation of the ammonia escape rate at the two sides.
As a preferred technical solution, the set value of the NOx concentration at the outlet of the SCR in step 1) is set manually by an operator.
As a preferable technical scheme, the flue outlet NOx concentration assessment fixed value in the step 1) is determined according to the assessment requirements of environmental protection departments.
As a preferred technical scheme, the flue outlet NOx concentration assessment fixed value is lower than the environmental protection assessment requirement value.
Preferably, the statistics in step 2) are performed in units of seconds or minutes.
As a preferable technical solution, the NOx concentration control value calculated in step 2) to meet the set requirement in the future is specifically expressed as follows:
Figure BDA0003088987880000031
wherein C iskFuture required NOx concentration control value, C, calculated for time kspAs a fixed value of the concentration of NOx at the outlet of the flue, CiAnd the concentration of the NOx at the outlet of the flue is actually measured at the moment i, and N is the total calculated time within the assessment time period.
As a preferable technical solution, the correction method in the step 4) is: and (3) calculating correction quantity in real time by taking the deviation of the ammonia escape rate at two sides as the calculated quantity of the PID controller, wherein the correction quantity is subtracted from the set value of the ammonia injection flow at the side with high ammonia escape rate, and the correction quantity is superposed at the side with low ammonia escape rate.
Preferably, the denitration control is performed by using the corrected set values of the ammonia injection flow rates of only the step 3) and the step 4) as final set values of the ammonia injection flow rate control of the SCR on both sides.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1) on one hand, the invention utilizes the environmental protection assessment characteristic of the small-average value of the concentration of NOx at the outlet of the flue, counts the change condition of the average value of the concentration of NOx in real time in each assessment time period, calculates the control value of the concentration of NOx required in the future to meet the requirement of environmental protection assessment, and corrects the set value of the ammonia injection flow according to the control value, thereby truly realizing the balance control of the NOx at the outlet of the flue and the NOx at the outlet of the SCR and improving the denitration control performance and efficiency;
2) on the other hand, according to the deviation of the ammonia escape rate at two sides of the flue, the set values of the ammonia injection flow rates of the SCR at two sides are corrected to realize ammonia escape balance control, under the condition of ensuring that the NOx discharge amount at the outlet of the flue is kept unchanged, one side with high efficiency bears more denitration tasks, the whole ammonia injection amount is reduced, the blockage of an economizer and an air preheater caused by high ammonia escape rate is relieved, and the safe and stable operation capacity of the unit is improved
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a control schematic of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
The invention discloses a balance control method for a denitration system of a thermal power generating unit, which comprises the following concrete implementation processes:
1) and determining the set values of the NOx concentration at the SCR outlet and the NOx concentration assessment fixed value at the flue outlet at two sides, wherein the NOx concentration at the SCR outlet is manually set by an operator, and the NOx concentration fixed value at the flue outlet is determined according to the assessment requirements of an environmental protection department and needs to be lower than the environmental protection assessment requirement value.
2) Counting the mean change condition of the concentration of the NOx at the outlet of the flue in each environmental protection assessment time period by taking seconds or minutes as a unit, and calculating the mean change condition as a NOx concentration control value meeting the future requirement of the set requirement;
Figure BDA0003088987880000041
in the formula, CkFuture required NOx concentration control value, C, calculated for time kspAs a fixed value of the concentration of NOx at the outlet of the flue, CiAnd the concentration of the NOx at the outlet of the flue is actually measured at the moment i, and N is the total calculated time within the assessment time period.
3) Converting the deviation between the future required flue outlet NOx concentration control value obtained in the step 2) and the flue outlet NOx concentration, and superposing the converted deviation on the SCR ammonia injection flow rate set values at two sides;
4) reading the ammonia escape rate of SCR outlets at two sides, and correcting the set values of the ammonia spraying flow rates of the SCR outlets at the two sides according to the deviation of the ammonia escape rate at the two sides;
5) step 4) the correction method is that the deviation of the ammonia escape rate at two sides is used as the calculated amount of the PID controller, the correction amount is calculated in real time, the correction amount is subtracted from the set value of the ammonia injection flow at the side with high ammonia escape rate, and the correction amount is superposed at the side with low ammonia escape rate;
6) and (4) taking the corrected set value of the ammonia injection flow rate in the step (3) and the step (5) as the final set value of the SCR ammonia injection flow rate control at two sides, and performing denitration control.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
The denitration system of a certain 1000MW ultra-supercritical thermal power generating unit is implemented in a balanced control mode:
1)1) determining NOx concentration set values at SCR outlets on two sides and flueThe outlet NOx concentration is checked and determined, and the SCR outlet NOx concentration is manually set to be 30mg/m by operators3The fixed value of the concentration of NOx at the outlet of the flue is determined according to the assessment requirements (50 mg/m) of environmental protection departments3) Determination, set at 40mg/m3
2) Counting the mean change condition of the concentration of the NOx at the outlet of the flue in each environmental protection assessment time period by taking seconds as a unit, and calculating the mean change condition into a NOx concentration control value meeting the future requirement of the set requirement;
Figure BDA0003088987880000042
in the formula, CkFuture required NOx concentration control value, C, calculated for time kspAs a fixed value of the concentration of NOx at the outlet of the flue, CiThe concentration of the NOx at the outlet of the flue, which is actually measured at the moment i, and N is 3600 of the total calculation time in the assessment time period.
3) Converting the deviation between the future required flue outlet NOx concentration control value obtained in the step 2) and the flue outlet NOx concentration, and superposing the converted deviation on the SCR ammonia injection flow rate set values at two sides;
4) reading the ammonia escape rate of SCR outlets at two sides, and correcting the set values of the ammonia spraying flow rates of the SCR outlets at the two sides according to the deviation of the ammonia escape rate at the two sides;
5) step 4) the correction method is that the deviation of the ammonia escape rate at two sides is used as the calculated amount of the PID controller, the correction amount is calculated in real time, the correction amount is subtracted from the set value of the ammonia injection flow at the side with high ammonia escape rate, and the correction amount is superposed at the side with low ammonia escape rate; the PID controller parameters are: p is 0.1, I is 2000, D is 0.
6) And (4) taking the corrected set value of the ammonia injection flow rate in the step (3) and the step (5) as the final set value of the SCR ammonia injection flow rate control at two sides, and performing denitration control.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, the invention is not limited thereto, and various equivalent modifications and substitutions can be easily made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (10)

1. A balance control method for a denitration system of a thermal power generating unit is characterized by comprising the following steps:
on one hand, by utilizing the environmental protection assessment characteristic of the small-average value of the concentration of the NOx at the outlet of the flue, the change condition of the average value of the concentration of the NOx is counted in real time in each assessment time period, and the NOx concentration control value required in the future is calculated to meet the environmental protection assessment requirement, so that the set value of the ammonia injection flow is corrected, and the balance control of the NOx at the outlet of the flue and the NOx at the outlet of the SCR is realized;
and on the other hand, according to the ammonia escape rate deviation at two sides of the flue, correcting the set values of the ammonia spraying flow rates of the SCR at the two sides to realize ammonia escape balance control.
2. The balance control method for the denitration system of the thermal power generating unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method ensures that the side with high efficiency undertakes more denitration tasks under the condition that the discharge amount of NOx at the flue outlet is kept unchanged.
3. The balance control method for the denitration system of the thermal power generating unit according to claim 1, characterized by specifically comprising the steps of:
step 1) determining NOx concentration set values at SCR outlets on two sides and a flue outlet NOx concentration check set value;
step 2) counting the variation condition of the mean value of the concentration of the NOx at the outlet of the flue in each environmental protection assessment time period, and calculating the variation condition as a NOx concentration control value meeting the future requirement of the set requirement;
step 3) converting the deviation between the future required flue outlet NOx concentration control value obtained in the step 2) and the flue outlet NOx concentration, and superposing the deviation on the SCR ammonia injection flow rate set values at two sides;
and 4) reading the ammonia escape rate of the SCR outlets at the two sides, and correcting the set values of the ammonia spraying flow rates of the SCR outlets at the two sides according to the deviation of the ammonia escape rate at the two sides.
4. The balance control method for the denitration system of the thermal power generating unit according to claim 3, wherein the SCR outlet NOx concentration set value in the step 1) is manually set by an operator.
5. The balance control method for the denitration system of the thermal power generating unit according to claim 3, wherein the flue outlet NOx concentration assessment fixed value in the step 1) is determined according to assessment requirements of environmental protection departments.
6. The balance control method for the denitration system of the thermal power generating unit according to claim 5, wherein the flue outlet NOx concentration assessment fixed value is lower than an environmental protection assessment requirement value.
7. The balance control method for the denitration system of the thermal power generating unit according to claim 3, wherein the statistics in the step 2) are performed in units of seconds or minutes.
8. The balance control method for the denitration system of the thermal power generating unit according to claim 3, wherein the NOx concentration control value calculated in the step 2) to meet the set requirement in the future is specifically represented by the following formula:
Figure FDA0003088987870000021
wherein C iskFuture required NOx concentration control value, C, calculated for time kspAs a fixed value of the concentration of NOx at the outlet of the flue, CiAnd the concentration of the NOx at the outlet of the flue is actually measured at the moment i, and N is the total calculated time within the assessment time period.
9. The balance control method for the denitration system of the thermal power generating unit according to claim 3, wherein the correction method of the step 4) is as follows: and (3) calculating correction quantity in real time by taking the deviation of the ammonia escape rate at two sides as the calculated quantity of the PID controller, wherein the correction quantity is subtracted from the set value of the ammonia injection flow at the side with high ammonia escape rate, and the correction quantity is superposed at the side with low ammonia escape rate.
10. The balance control method for the denitration system of the thermal power generating unit according to claim 3, wherein the denitration control is performed by using the corrected ammonia injection flow set value obtained in only step 3) and step 4) as a final set value for controlling the ammonia injection flow of the SCR at both sides.
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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2003164725A (en) * 2001-12-03 2003-06-10 Nippon Steel Corp Ammonia blow-in control method for denitration catalyst device of waste treatment equipment
CN104801180A (en) * 2015-04-21 2015-07-29 中电投河南电力有限公司技术信息中心 Ammonia spraying amount control method and system
CN105597537A (en) * 2015-10-26 2016-05-25 烟台龙源电力技术股份有限公司 Predication control technology-based denitration control method and denitration system thereof
CN107243257A (en) * 2017-05-08 2017-10-13 浙江大学 It is adapted to the intelligence spray ammonia control system of full load
CN107551774A (en) * 2017-10-18 2018-01-09 华润电力湖北有限公司 A kind of denitration control method and system for thermal power plant
CN109062053A (en) * 2018-08-31 2018-12-21 江苏国信靖江发电有限公司 A kind of denitration spray ammonia control method based on multivariate calibration
CN110618706A (en) * 2019-09-27 2019-12-27 中国大唐集团科学技术研究院有限公司华中电力试验研究院 Multistage intelligent denitration online optimization control system based on data driving

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2003164725A (en) * 2001-12-03 2003-06-10 Nippon Steel Corp Ammonia blow-in control method for denitration catalyst device of waste treatment equipment
CN104801180A (en) * 2015-04-21 2015-07-29 中电投河南电力有限公司技术信息中心 Ammonia spraying amount control method and system
CN105597537A (en) * 2015-10-26 2016-05-25 烟台龙源电力技术股份有限公司 Predication control technology-based denitration control method and denitration system thereof
CN107243257A (en) * 2017-05-08 2017-10-13 浙江大学 It is adapted to the intelligence spray ammonia control system of full load
CN107551774A (en) * 2017-10-18 2018-01-09 华润电力湖北有限公司 A kind of denitration control method and system for thermal power plant
CN109062053A (en) * 2018-08-31 2018-12-21 江苏国信靖江发电有限公司 A kind of denitration spray ammonia control method based on multivariate calibration
CN110618706A (en) * 2019-09-27 2019-12-27 中国大唐集团科学技术研究院有限公司华中电力试验研究院 Multistage intelligent denitration online optimization control system based on data driving

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