CN113299781B - Multilayer functional film for solar cell backboard, solar cell backboard and solar cell module - Google Patents
Multilayer functional film for solar cell backboard, solar cell backboard and solar cell module Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113299781B CN113299781B CN202110563192.7A CN202110563192A CN113299781B CN 113299781 B CN113299781 B CN 113299781B CN 202110563192 A CN202110563192 A CN 202110563192A CN 113299781 B CN113299781 B CN 113299781B
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- film
- black
- reflection
- solar cell
- pigment
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- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 140
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 140
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 135
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 127
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
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- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002313 adhesive film Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006097 ultraviolet radiation absorber Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000413 arsenic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960002594 arsenic trioxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- KTTMEOWBIWLMSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N diarsenic trioxide Chemical compound O1[As](O2)O[As]3O[As]1O[As]2O3 KTTMEOWBIWLMSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GXDVEXJTVGRLNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cr].[Cu] Chemical compound [Cr].[Cu] GXDVEXJTVGRLNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe] UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NKZSPGSOXYXWQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxido(oxo)titanium;lead(2+) Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NKZSPGSOXYXWQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrosoferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003207 poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium titanate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YPMOSINXXHVZIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylideneantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=S YPMOSINXXHVZIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000840 ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001955 polyphenylene ether Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 35
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 24
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- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 7
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000006224 matting agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003712 anti-aging effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012860 organic pigment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- UUWJHAWPCRFDHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecoxydodecane;phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCCCCCC UUWJHAWPCRFDHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021418 black silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- GWTCIAGIKURVBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium;dodecyl phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOP([O-])([O-])=O GWTCIAGIKURVBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006122 polyamide resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035807 sensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 101100459910 Arabidopsis thaliana NCS1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000887125 Chaptalia nutans Species 0.000 description 1
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001323321 Pluto Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000269913 Pseudopleuronectes americanus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003738 black carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000071 blow moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- UCNNJGDEJXIUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)iron;iron Chemical compound [Fe].O[Fe]=O.O[Fe]=O UCNNJGDEJXIUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001579 optical reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005341 toughened glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940124543 ultraviolet light absorber Drugs 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
- H01L31/049—Protective back sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
- B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/304—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl halide (co)polymers, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form
- B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
- B32B3/12—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by a layer of regularly- arranged cells, e.g. a honeycomb structure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
- B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/402—Coloured
- B32B2307/4026—Coloured within the layer by addition of a colorant, e.g. pigments, dyes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/416—Reflective
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
- B32B2457/10—Batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
- B32B2457/12—Photovoltaic modules
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
Abstract
The invention provides a multilayer functional film for a solar cell back plate, which comprises at least 1 layer of black fluorine film and at least 1 layer of high-reflection film, wherein one surface layer is the black fluorine film, the other surface layer is the high-reflection film, the black fluorine film is a polymer film or a polymer coating containing a black pigment and a fluorine resin component, the high-reflection film is a polymer film or a polymer coating containing high-reflection pigment inorganic particles, the average particle size D50 of the high-reflection pigment inorganic particles is in the range of 1-200 mu m, and the particle size distribution of the high-reflection pigment inorganic particles satisfies the following relational expression: the (D90-D10)/D50 is not more than 0.01 and not more than 2, and the multilayer functional film has high light reflection rate, so that the solar cell module has higher output power and has excellent reliability in the aspects of heat resistance, ageing resistance and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solar cells, in particular to a multilayer functional film for a solar cell back plate, the solar cell back plate and a solar cell module.
Background
The solar cell module is used as a core component in a solar power generation system, is usually a laminated structure and mainly comprises front packaging toughened glass, a front packaging adhesive film, a cell piece, a rear packaging adhesive film and a photovoltaic back plate which are sequentially arranged.
The backboard is used as a packaging structure of a solar cell, plays an important role in prolonging the service life of a solar cell module, and in order to increase the reliability of the backboard, the existing backboard mostly adopts a structure that the weather resistance of the backboard is improved by gluing a fluorine film or coating the fluorine film on a PET substrate through a glue film layer, and the common fluorine-containing backboard has structures such as TPT, TPC, TPE, KPK, KPC and CPC.
With the development of the industry, people have higher and higher requirements on the efficiency and the appearance of solar cells and modules, the cell modules are not limited to white, and a series of solar cell back panels such as black and color back panels are derived by adding pigments into matrix resin on the basis of the traditional white back panel, wherein the black photovoltaic back panel is very popular with customers due to the advantages of dirt resistance, attractiveness and the like. However, the existing black back plate mainly uses carbon black as a black pigment, so that firstly, the light reflectivity is low, the light utilization rate is low, and the output power of the solar cell module is limited; secondly, because the fluorine film has the characteristics of hydrophobicity and oleophobicity, the high-reflective filler and the inorganic black pigment cannot be well dispersed in the fluorine film and are easy to agglomerate to form larger secondary particle aggregates, so that on one hand, larger bulges appear on the surface of the reflecting layer to influence the reflecting efficiency, on the other hand, the reflecting efficiency is also influenced due to the uneven dispersion of the high-reflective filler and the inorganic black pigment, and meanwhile, the defect of appearance is caused to a black air surface; and thirdly, inorganic black pigments such as carbon black, iron black and the like in the black pigments belong to infrared high-absorption pigments and easily absorb light in a near infrared region and an infrared region of sunlight, so that the temperature of a solar cell back plate and a solar cell sheet is increased, particularly, when a solar cell element is a crystalline silicon type, the crystalline silicon solar cell is extremely sensitive to the temperature, the conversion efficiency is rapidly reduced along with the temperature increase, and the output power of a solar cell module is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problem that the existing black solar cell backboard has low light reflection rate and affects the power generation efficiency of the cell, the invention aims to provide the multilayer functional film with the black appearance surface for the solar cell backboard, so that the utilization rate of sunlight can be further improved, the solar cell module has higher output power, and the multilayer functional film also has excellent reliability in the aspects of weather resistance, heat resistance, aging resistance and the like.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a solar cell back sheet and a solar cell module using the above multilayer functional film.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a multilayer functional film for a solar cell back sheet, comprising at least 1 layer of a black fluorine film, and at least 1 layer of a high-reflection film, and one surface layer is a black fluorine film, and the other surface layer is a high-reflection film, the black fluorine film being a polymer film or a polymer coating layer comprising a black pigment and a fluorine resin component, the high-reflection film being a polymer film or a polymer coating layer comprising high-reflection pigment inorganic particles, the high-reflection pigment inorganic particles having an average particle diameter D50 in the range of 1 to 200 μm, preferably 1 to 50 μm, and further preferably 2 to 10 μm;
wherein, the particle size distribution of the inorganic particles of the high-reflection pigment satisfies the following relational expression:
0.01≤(D90-D10)/D50≤2。
the high anti-pigment inorganic particles are approximately spherical inorganic particles having a reflectance of 10% or more with respect to light having a wavelength of 380nm to 2000nm, and preferably, the high anti-pigment inorganic particles are selected from one or more of titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, barium titanate, strontium titanate, calcium carbonate, lead titanate, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, magnesium oxide, silver powder, aluminum powder, and aluminum oxide.
The content of the high-reflection pigment inorganic particles in the high-reflection film is 5-25/mm 2 Mu m, and the dispersity is not lower than 50 percent. Dispersion measurement reference area (1 mm) was measured using an optical microscope at magnification of x 40 2 ) The number of the inorganic particles in (B1) is a ratio of the number of the non-agglomerated spherical inorganic particles to the total number of the inorganic particles (B2) as a degree of dispersion.
The high-reflection film may be a polymer film or a polymer coating layer containing a fluororesin, or may be a polymer film or a polymer coating layer not containing a fluororesin.
The high-reflection film also comprises an infrared reflection auxiliary agent, wherein the infrared reflection auxiliary agent is selected from one or more of indium oxide, tin oxide, silicon oxide, silver powder, aluminum powder, yttrium oxide, calcium oxide, indium tin oxide and arsenic oxide, and the content of the infrared reflection auxiliary agent is 0-5wt% based on the total weight of the high-reflection film. The addition of the infrared reflection auxiliary agent compensates the infrared reflection effect, and further improves the reflection efficiency.
In one embodiment, the highly reflective film provided on one surface layer of the multilayer functional film has a surface roughness (Ra) of 0.1 to 15nm on the surface of the surface layer, that is, a surface roughness (Ra) of 0.1 to 15nm on the reflection surface. Experiments have shown that Ra in this range has better reflection efficiency, and it is presumed in principle that the path of diffuse reflection is longer and optical loss is likely to occur. In one embodiment, it is calendered by mirror-rolling.
In one embodiment, the high reflection film on one of the surface layers of the multi-layer functional film is formed with a plurality of strip-shaped reflective structures arranged in parallel on the surface of the surface layer, the cross section of each strip-shaped reflective structure is isosceles triangle, preferably, the distance between the strip-shaped reflective structures, the height angle and the base angle of the isosceles triangle are as disclosed in CN204315600U, and when the surface layer is provided with the specific embossing pattern, the reflectivity of the reflective layer can be improved.
In a preferred embodiment, the black fluorine film and the high-reflection film are both single-sided continuous, and are integrally formed or continuously attached to each other.
In the black fluorine film, the black pigment comprises an inorganic black pigment and an organic black pigment, and the mass mixing ratio of the inorganic black pigment to the organic black pigment is (10).
The inorganic black pigment is one or a mixture of more of carbon black, iron oxide black, copper chromium black, iron chromium black, cobalt black and antimony sulfide, the organic black pigment is an organic black pigment or a mixture of more than two organic pigments to make the organic black pigment black, and the organic black pigment comprises azo pigment, phthalocyanine pigment and condensed polycyclic pigment.
Preferably, the black pigment is a combination of an inorganic black pigment and an organic black pigment, the blackness L value of the obtained black fluorine film is less than 26, the problems of large using amount, uneven dispersion and surface granular feeling of the existing black backboard fluorine film which uses the inorganic black pigment only can be effectively solved, the absorption of infrared light and near infrared light is reduced by reducing the using amount of the inorganic black pigment, and the temperature rise of the backboard fluorine film is further inhibited.
The black fluorine film can also contain an infrared reflection auxiliary agent, and when the infrared reflection auxiliary agent is added into the black fluorine film, infrared rays in the direction of the backboard can be reflected, so that the temperature of the backboard can be reduced. The content of the infrared reflection aid is preferably 0 to 5wt% based on the total weight of the black fluorine film.
In one embodiment, the inorganic black pigment has an average particle diameter D50 in the range of 3 to 100nm, more preferably 10 to 40nm.
In another embodiment, the inorganic black pigment is contained in the black fluorine film in an amount of 1 to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the black fluorine film, and has a dispersion degree of not less than 50%.
In order to exhibit a better heat dissipation effect and appearance effect, the black fluorine film located on one surface layer of the multi-layer functional film has a surface roughness (Ra) of 0.1nm to 5 μm, preferably 0.1 to 10nm, or 1 to 5 μm on the surface of the surface layer.
In one embodiment, other adjuvants may also be included, such as: the high-reflection film and the black fluorine film further comprise, based on the total weight of the multilayer functional film: 0.01 to 2 weight percent of ultraviolet absorber, 0 to 3 weight percent of low temperature resistant auxiliary agent, 0.1 to 5 weight percent of dispersant, 0.01 to 2 weight percent of age resister and 0.01 to 2 weight percent of flatting agent.
From the overall appearance, the thickness of the single-layer black fluorine film is 3-200 μm, the thickness of the single-layer high-reflection film is 3-500 μm, the thickness ratio of the black fluorine film to the high-reflection film is 10.
The fluororesin is selected from one or more of polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer and polytetrafluoroethylene.
In the multilayer functional film, the black fluorine film and the high-reflection film also comprise a non-fluorine resin component, and the non-fluorine resin is selected from one or more of polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene, polyvinyl alcohol, polycarbonate, polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyamide resin and polyphenyl ether resin.
Wherein the fluororesin has a solid content of 50 to 90wt% in the fluororesin-containing polymer film, and the fluororesin has a solid content of 10 to 50wt% in the fluororesin-containing polymer coating.
The invention also provides a solar cell back plate, which comprises the multilayer functional film for the solar cell back plate, wherein the multilayer functional film is positioned on one side of the back plate matrix resin layer away from the cell piece, and the air surface of the back plate matrix resin layer is a black fluorine film.
The solar cell backboard comprises a back glue film layer, a black grid layer, a white reflective coating, a matrix resin layer, a glue layer and a multilayer functional film for the solar cell backboard from near to far according to the distance of the back of a solar cell.
The invention also provides a solar cell module which comprises a solar cell and the multilayer functional film for the solar cell back plate, or the solar cell back plate.
According to the technical scheme of the invention, the method has the following beneficial effects:
(1) Through the setting of black fluorine membrane and high anti-membrane, realized that the backplate air side has black outward appearance, the high anti-membrane of inboard can reflect the sunlight that sees through the backplate base film back to battery component again simultaneously to improve photovoltaic conversion efficiency, have bigger output.
(2) Through setting up in the aspects such as the high anti-inorganic granule content of pigment, particle size and distribution, dispersity in the membrane of high reflection for the reflection plane of high reflection membrane has the mirror surface, avoids surperficial graininess arch, and evenly distributed is favorable to the control of light path simultaneously, avoids the energy loss that the particle diffuse reflection brought, and the adhesion with the PET base film is more excellent simultaneously.
(3) By reasonably matching the inorganic pigment and the organic pigment of the black fluorine film, the temperature rise of the assembly caused by heat absorption of the air surface of the black backboard can be reduced; after the air surface of the black fluorine film is set to be a rough surface with high specific surface area, the appearance of the black fluorine film presents matte glossiness, and the black fluorine film visually presents the effect of covering scratches.
(4) The multilayer functional film for the solar cell back sheet of the present invention has a simple production process, can be produced by coextrusion, casting, film blowing, coating, etc., and is preferably produced by mirror roll casting or mirror die coextrusion to form an integrally formed multilayer fluorine film, and the fluorine film contains a fluorine resin component, and therefore has excellent reliability in heat resistance, aging resistance, etc.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a multilayer functional film for a solar battery back sheet according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell backsheet according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell module according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an SEM image of a back plate of a solar cell of example 1 showing a reflection surface of the back plate being at 500 times higher than that of the high-reflection film;
FIG. 5 is an SEM image at 5000 times of the reflective surface of the high-reflectivity film of the back plate of the solar cell in example 1 of the invention;
FIG. 6 is an SEM image of the air surface of the black fluorine film of the solar cell back sheet of example 1 at a magnification of 500 times;
FIG. 7 is an SEM image at 5000 times of the air surface of the black fluorine film of the solar cell back sheet in example 1 of the invention;
FIG. 8 is an SEM image of the air side of the black fluorine film of the back sheet of the solar cell of comparative example 1 according to the invention at 5000 times;
fig. 9 is an SEM image of the cross section of the multilayer functional film for a solar battery back sheet of example 1 of the present invention at 5000 times;
fig. 10 is an SEM image of 10000 times the cross section of the multilayer functional film for a solar cell back sheet according to example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is described in detail in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the embodiment described in this embodiment is merely a general case of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without inventive step other than that described in the claims, are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
< high reflection film layer >
The high-reflection film plays a role in compensating reflection in the multilayer functional film for the solar cell back plate, and in order to achieve a high-reflection effect, high-reflection pigment inorganic particles are added into a polymer film or a coating.
The content of the high-reflection pigment inorganic particles in the high-reflection film is 5-25/mm 2 Mu m, a degree of dispersion of not less than 50%, i.e.per mm in unit of mu m thickness 2 The number of high-reflection pigment inorganic particles in the area range of (a). Dispersion measurement reference area (1 mm) was measured using an optical microscope at a magnification of x 40 2 ) The number of inorganic particles in (1) is a ratio of the number of non-agglomerated spherical inorganic particles B1 to the total number of inorganic particles B2 as a degree of dispersion. When it exceeds 25/mm 2 Unit at μmThe content of the deposited inorganic particles is too high, the casting property and the processability of the film or coating are reduced, and secondary aggregation of the inorganic particles in the fluororesin during processing is liable to occur, the dispersibility is reduced, and the deterioration of the reflection property is caused. When the number is less than 5/mm 2 At/. Mu.m, the content of the inorganic particles is too low to meet the requirement of having a reflectance of 10% or more for light having a wavelength of 380nm to 2000 nm.
High-reflectance pigment inorganic particles having an average particle diameter D50 in the range of 1 to 200. Mu.m, preferably 1 to 50 μm, and more preferably 2 to 10 μm; wherein, the particle size distribution of the inorganic particles of the high-reflection pigment satisfies the following relational expression:
0.01≤(D90-D10)/D50≤2。
a large number of experiments show that when the average particle diameter D50 of the high-anti-pigment inorganic particles is selected to be within the range, and certain particle size distribution uniformity is maintained, the reflection efficiency can be better improved, and the high-anti-pigment inorganic particles are preferably in a regular approximately spherical structure. On the other hand, the invention also finds that after the average particle size D50, the regular sphere and the uniform particle size distribution are selected, the surface crystal points of the reflecting surface are reduced, the flatness is improved, the roughness of the reflecting surface is reduced and the reflection efficiency is improved in an integral forming or coating process.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the surface roughness of the reflective surface of the solar cell back plate according to the present invention in the SEM image is related to the particle size of the high-reflectivity inorganic filler protruding from the surface, and the distribution uniformity of the high-reflectivity pigment inorganic particles is also exhibited.
Preferably, the high-reflection pigment inorganic particles are selected from one or more of titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, barium titanate, strontium titanate, calcium carbonate, lead titanate, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, magnesium oxide, silver powder, aluminum powder and aluminum oxide.
The high-reflection film also comprises an infrared reflection auxiliary agent, wherein the infrared reflection auxiliary agent is selected from one or more of indium oxide, tin oxide, silicon oxide, silver powder, aluminum powder, yttrium oxide, calcium oxide, indium tin oxide and arsenic oxide, and the content of the infrared reflection auxiliary agent is 0-5wt% based on the total weight of the high-reflection film.
The addition of the infrared reflection auxiliary agent is beneficial to improving the reflection frequency range of the reflection film to sunlight and improving the reflection efficiency. The infrared reflection auxiliary agent is consistent with the inorganic particles of the high-reflection pigment in the selection of the particle size, the particle size distribution and the shape.
Preferably, the high-reflective pigment inorganic particles are dispersed by a dispersant commonly used in the art to have a desired degree of dispersion, which may be selected from: aliphatic polyoxyalkylene ethers, sodium lauryl sulfate, potassium monododecyl phosphate, potassium lauryl ether phosphate, preferably high molecular weight block copolymers having better affinity for the pigment group, such as the products commercially available as DISPERBYK-163 or DISPERBYK-2025. Preferably from 0.1wt% to 5wt%, based on the weight of the high reflection film.
< Black fluorine film layer >
The black fluorine film in the back plate fluorine film of the invention plays a role of consistent black appearance with the surrounding environment, and in order to achieve natural and beautiful effect, a proper black pigment is added into the fluorine resin polymer film or the fluorine resin coating.
Preferably, the black pigment is a combination of an inorganic black pigment and an organic black pigment, and the mass mixing ratio of the inorganic black pigment to the organic black pigment is 10-0, so that the blackness L value of the obtained black fluorine film is 26 or less, the problems of large usage amount, uneven dispersion and surface granular feel of the existing black backboard fluorine film using only the inorganic black pigment can be effectively solved, the usage amount of the inorganic black pigment is reduced, the absorption of infrared light and near infrared light is reduced, and the temperature rise of the backboard fluorine film is inhibited.
The inorganic black pigment is one or a mixture of more of carbon black, iron oxide black, copper chromium black, iron chromium black, cobalt black and antimony sulfide, the organic black pigment is an organic black pigment or a mixture of more than two organic pigments to make the organic black pigment black, and the organic black pigment comprises azo pigment, phthalocyanine pigment and condensed polycyclic pigment.
The black fluorine film can also contain an infrared reflection auxiliary agent, and when the infrared reflection auxiliary agent is added into the black fluorine film, infrared rays in the direction of the backboard can be reflected, so that the temperature of the backboard can be reduced. The content of the infrared reflection aid is preferably 0 to 5wt% based on the total weight of the black fluorine film.
The inorganic black pigment has an average particle diameter D50 of 5 to 100nm, preferably 10 to 40nm. The content of the inorganic black pigment in the black fluorine film is 1 to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the black fluorine film, and the dispersion is preferably not less than 50%. The average particle size and the dispersity of the inorganic black pigment are mainly selected based on the optimization of the appearance and color.
In order to exhibit a better appearance effect such as forming a high gloss appearance or forming a matte finish, the air surface roughness (Ra) of the black fluorine film is 0.1nm to 5 μm, preferably 0.1 to 10nm, or 1 to 5 μm, and more preferably 1 to 5 μm to form a matte surface, so that scratches during transportation can be prevented.
In order to make the nanometer black pigment have better dispersibility in the fluorine film, the black pigment is generally dispersed in the black fluorine film by using a dispersant commonly used in the art, so that the black pigment has ideal dispersibility, which can be selected from: aliphatic polyoxyalkylene ethers, sodium lauryl sulfate, potassium monododecyl phosphate, potassium lauryl ether phosphate, preferably high molecular weight block copolymers having better affinity for the pigment group, such as the products commercially available as DISPERBYK-163 or DISPERBYK-2025. Preferably from 0.1wt% to 5wt%, based on the weight of the high reflection film.
In the examples, as shown in fig. 6 to 8, the black fluorine film reflective surface of the solar cell back sheet according to the present invention shows that the surface roughness of the black fluorine film reflective surface in the SEM image is related to the particle size of the black inorganic filler protruded from the surface, and fig. 6 to 7 also show the uniformity of the inorganic black pigment particle distribution.
< overall Structure >
In one illustrative embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the multi-layer functional film for a solar cell back sheet of the present invention comprises a single-side continuous black fluorine film 11 and a high-reflection film 12.
Under the circumstances that there is the inseparable laminating of one deck black fluorine membrane and the high anti-membrane of one deck in the assurance, can set up multilayer black fluorine membrane according to actual demand and range upon range of, also can set up the high anti-membrane of multilayer and range upon range of, different layers can be selected according to actual demand and arrange in the pigment kind.
In one embodiment, two highly reflective films are present, wherein the reflective layer near the cell element is selected to have a reflectivity of 30% or more for 900nm to 2000nm wavelength light, and the reflective layer far from the cell element is selected to have a reflectivity of 30% or more for 380nm to 900nm wavelength light, and in another embodiment, the reflective layer near the element has a higher content of highly reflective pigment inorganic particles, and in any case, the reflection efficiency of the highly reflective film can be improved better by these arrangements.
In one embodiment, the mass mixing ratio of the inorganic black pigment and the organic black pigment in the black fluorine film layer close to the air is lower than that of the inorganic black pigment and the organic black pigment in the black fluorine film layer far from the air, and in another embodiment, the dispersion degree of the black fluorine film layer close to the air is higher than that of the black fluorine film layer far from the air.
From the viewpoint of cost reduction, the present invention may further incorporate a black coating layer and a high-reflective coating layer, and preferably, in the case where the black fluoropolymer film layer and the high-reflective fluoropolymer film layer are continuously laminated, the black coating layer is coated on the outer side of the black fluoropolymer film layer and the high-reflective coating layer is coated on the outer side of the high-reflective fluoropolymer film layer. The fluororesin content of the fluororesin-containing coating layer is lower than that of the fluoropolymer film layer, the fluororesin content of the fluororesin-containing polymer film is 50wt% to 90wt%, and the fluororesin content of the fluororesin-containing polymer coating layer is 10wt% to 50wt%.
The black fluorine film and the high-reflection film in the multi-layer functional film further include a non-fluorine resin component, and the non-fluorine resin may be one or more selected from polyolefin resin (PO) such as Polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polybutylene, and resin materials such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polystyrene, polyvinyl alcohol, polycarbonate, polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyamide resin, and polyphenylene ether resin.
From the overall appearance, the thickness of the single-layer black fluorine film is 3-200 μm, the thickness of the single-layer high-reflection film is 3-500 μm, the thickness ratio of the black fluorine film to the high-reflection film is 10.
< film Forming Process >
The multilayer functional film for the solar cell back plate can be integrally formed through coextrusion, specifically, a high-reflection film raw material and a black fluorine film raw material are mixed, melted and stirred according to a certain weight ratio respectively, are extruded in an extruder through a multi-die multi-flow channel in a matching manner, and different thickness ratios are controlled by controlling the extrusion speeds of different components in the flow channel.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 9 and 10, the multilayer functional film for a solar cell back sheet according to the present invention has no distinct boundary between the high-reflective film and the black fluorine film in SEM cross-sectional views, which shows that the high-reflective film and the black fluorine film are integrally formed and have good compatibility, and fig. 9-10 also show uniformity of distribution of inorganic pigment particles.
Besides the mentioned fluororesin, non-fluororesin, black pigment, inorganic particles of high-reflective pigment, infrared reflection aid and dispersant, the high-reflective film material and the black fluorine film material can optionally contain 0.01-2 wt% of ultraviolet light absorber, 0-3 wt% of low temperature resistant aid, 0.01-2 wt% of age resister and 0.01-2 wt% of matting agent. The above-mentioned auxiliaries can be selected from the auxiliaries commonly used in the art.
In addition to the coextrusion method for preparing the multilayer functional film for the solar cell back sheet, the multilayer film preparation can also be carried out by adopting a blow molding method and a casting method by the technical personnel in the field. The integrally formed multilayer fluorine film is obtained preferably by mirror roll casting or mirror die co-extrusion, the surface roughness of the high-reflection fluorine film layer is reduced, and the interlayer adhesiveness between the multilayer fluorine films is better.
< solar cell backsheet, cell module >
Based on the above-mentioned multilayer functional film for solar cell back sheet, as shown in fig. 2, the present invention further provides a solar cell back sheet comprising the above-mentioned multilayer functional film for solar cell back sheet, which is located on the side of the back sheet matrix resin layer away from the cell sheet, and the air surface of the multilayer functional film is a black fluorine film 11, and further, the multilayer functional film for solar cell back sheet comprises a back surface adhesive film layer 22, a black mesh layer 5, a white reflective coating layer 4, a matrix resin layer 3, an adhesive layer 21, and the above-mentioned multilayer functional film for solar cell back sheet in sequence according to the distance from the back surface of the solar cell sheet from near to far. All the components are conventional in the art.
Based on the above multilayer functional film for a solar cell back sheet and the solar cell back sheet, as shown in fig. 3, the present invention further provides a solar cell module, which comprises a solar cell 100, a glass cover plate 6 respectively disposed on the front surface and the back surface of the solar cell 100, and the solar cell back sheet, wherein the glass cover plate 6 and the solar cell 100 are bonded through a front adhesive film layer 23, and the solar cell back sheet is bonded through a back adhesive film layer 22 and the solar cell 100.
The solar cell piece 100 is formed by regularly arranging and combining a plurality of unit cell pieces 101, and the black line pattern of the black grid layer 5 is correspondingly arranged below the gaps of the unit cell pieces 101, so that the solar cell module is guaranteed to be integrally black when being watched from the front side, wherein the white reflective coating 4 reflects visible light penetrating through the gaps of the unit cell pieces 101 and the black grid layer 5 and re-emits the visible light into the solar cell piece 100 to improve the light utilization rate and the output power of the solar cell module.
The black fluorine film 11 on the outermost side of the back surface of the solar cell layer 100 ensures that the solar cell module is black when viewed from the back surface, and the high reflection film 12 further reflects light transmitted through the unit cell 101, so that the solar cell module has higher output power.
< example >
Example 1
The black fluorine film master batch comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of PVDF resin component, 4.5 parts of black pigment carbon black, 0.5 part of KN-B, 0.5 part of calcium oxide and 0.5 part of aliphatic polyoxyalkylene ether, wherein the average particle diameter D50 of the carbon black is 20nm;
the high-reflection film master batch comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of PVDF resin component and 5 parts of titanium dioxide, wherein the average particle diameter D50 of the titanium dioxide is 5 mu m, the ratio of (D90-D10)/D50 is 0.5, 2 parts of calcium oxide, 0.5 part of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 0.02 part of ultraviolet absorber, 0.2 part of low temperature resistant auxiliary agent, 0.05 part of anti-aging agent and 0.02 part of matting agent.
The thickness of the black fluorine film and the thickness of the high-reflection fluorine film are both 20 mu m, the solar cell backboard double-layer functional film is obtained through integral forming, and the surface of the high-reflection fluorine film is subjected to calendaring treatment in a mirror roller mode.
Fig. 4-5 are SEM images of the double-layer functional film of the solar cell back plate of the present embodiment at 500 times and 5000 times, respectively, and as can be seen from fig. 5 at the high power mirror, the white dotted particles in fig. 5 are titanium dioxide particles as high-reflective pigment inorganic particles, and as can be seen from fig. 5 at the high power mirror, the high-reflective pigment inorganic particles in fig. 4-5 are uniformly distributed in the high-reflective film, the surface smoothness is good, and the light reflection effect is better; the average reflectivity of the high-fluorine-reflecting film surface in the embodiment is 77%, compared with the conventional all-black module, the photovoltaic module in the embodiment can gain 10W, and the output power of the module is improved.
Fig. 6 to 7 are SEM images of the black fluorine film surface of the dual-layer functional film of the solar cell back plate of the embodiment at 500 times and 5000 times, respectively, and it can be seen from fig. 7 under the high power mirror that inorganic black pigment carbon black in fig. 6 to 7 is uniformly distributed in the black fluorine film, thereby ensuring the flatness of the appearance of the black fluorine film surface, and the blackness L value can be more matched with the color of the black silicon cell, avoiding chromatic aberration, and ensuring the aesthetic requirement of the appearance of the photovoltaic module.
Fig. 9 and 10 are SEM images of cross sections of the multi-layer functional film for the solar cell back sheet of example 1 of the present invention at 5000 and 10000 times, respectively, and it can be seen from fig. 9 to 10 that, in this example, the black fluorine film and the high-reflective film have good compatibility, and no interface exists between the two films, and it is further confirmed that titanium dioxide particles as a high-reflective pigment and carbon black as an inorganic black pigment are uniformly distributed in the multi-layer functional film and the particle size of the inorganic particles is consistent, thereby increasing the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module encapsulated by the functional film.
Example 2
Compared with example 1, the average particle diameter D50 of the inorganic black pigment carbon black in the black fluorine film is 80nm, the average particle diameter D50 of the high-anti-pigment inorganic particle titanium dioxide in the high-anti-fluorine film is 30 μm, and other components and processes are kept unchanged.
Example 3
Compared with example 1, the average particle diameter D50 of the inorganic black pigment carbon black in the black fluorine film is 10nm, the average particle diameter D50 of the high-anti-pigment inorganic particle titanium dioxide in the high-anti-fluorine film is 2 μm, and the rest components and the process are kept unchanged.
Example 4
Compared with the embodiment 1, the particle size distribution (D90-D10)/D50 of the high-reflectivity pigment inorganic particle titanium dioxide in the high-reflectivity film is 1.8, and the rest components and the process are kept unchanged.
Example 5
Compared with the embodiment 1, the high-reflection white coating is used for replacing the high-reflection fluorine film, wherein the raw materials of the high-reflection white coating comprise 20 parts of PVDF resin particles, 80 parts of PMMA resin and DMF (dimethyl formamide) solvent, and the high-reflection white coating is coated on the basis of calendering and molding of a black fluorine film mirror surface roller. The remaining components and processes remain unchanged.
Example 6
Compared with the example 1, the high-reflection pigment inorganic particles are replaced by 7 parts of silver-colored aluminum powder, and the rest components and the process are kept unchanged.
Example 7
Compared with the embodiment 1, the dispersant sodium dodecyl sulfate in the high-reflection fluorine film is 3 parts, the carbon black and KN-B in the black fluorine film are respectively 2.5 parts, and the rest components and the process are kept unchanged.
Example 8
The black fluorine film master batch comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of PVDF resin component, 4.5 parts of black pigment carbon black, 0.5 part of KN-B, 0.5 part of calcium oxide and 0.5 part of aliphatic polyoxyalkylene ether, wherein the average particle diameter D50 of the carbon black is 20nm;
the high-reflection film is divided into two layers, and the first layer of master batch comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of PVDF resin component and 5 parts of titanium dioxide, wherein the average particle diameter D50 of the titanium dioxide is 5 mu m, (D90-D10)/D50 is 0.3, 2 parts of calcium oxide, 0.5 part of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 0.02 part of ultraviolet absorber, 0.2 part of low temperature resistant auxiliary agent, 0.05 part of anti-aging agent and 0.02 part of matting agent.
The second layer of master batch comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of PVDF resin component and 3 parts of titanium dioxide, wherein the average particle diameter D50 of the titanium dioxide is 8 mu m, (D90-D10)/D50 is 1.2, 5 parts of calcium oxide, 0.5 part of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 0.02 part of ultraviolet absorber, 0.2 part of low temperature resistant auxiliary agent, 0.05 part of anti-aging agent and 0.02 part of matting agent.
According to the technical scheme, the thickness of each of the black fluorine film, the first high-reflection fluorine film and the second high-reflection fluorine film is 20 micrometers, the three-layer functional film of the solar cell backboard is obtained through multi-mode co-extrusion, and the matte treatment is carried out on the surface layer of the black fluorine film.
Example 9
Compared with example 1, the thickness of the high anti-fluorine film is 100 μm, the thickness of the black fluorine film is 10 μm, and the rest components and processes are kept unchanged.
Example 10
Compared with example 1, the thickness of the high anti-fluorine film is 10 μm, the thickness of the black fluorine film is 100 μm, and the remaining components and processes are kept unchanged.
Example 11
Compared with the embodiment 1, the high-reflection film adopts 100 parts of PMMA film to replace PVDF film, and the rest components and process are kept unchanged.
Comparative example 1
In comparison with example 1, the average particle diameter D50 of the titanium dioxide of the high-reflection pigment is 250 μm, (D90-D10)/D50 is 0.5, the thickness of the corresponding high-reflection film is 250 μm, the average particle diameter D50 of the carbon black of the inorganic black pigment is 150nm, and the rest of the components and the process are kept unchanged.
Fig. 8 is an SEM image of 5000 times of the black fluorine film surface of the multilayer functional film for the solar cell backsheet of comparative example 1, and as can be seen from comparison of fig. 8 and fig. 7, the inorganic black pigment used in comparative example 1 has a large particle size of carbon black, the inorganic black pigment has a low degree of dispersion in the black fluorine film, and the black fluorine film surface has a granular sensation visible to the naked eye, so that the blackness L value of the black fluorine film surface is increased, and a color difference is formed with the color of the black silicon cell sheet, and meanwhile, the granular sensation on the surface can increase the glossiness of the black fluorine film surface, so that the reflectivity is reduced, and the light reflected from the ground to the black fluorine film surface is absorbed, so that the overall temperature of the packaged photovoltaic module is increased, thereby causing a power reduction, and failing to exert a high gain effect of the anti-fluorine film surface.
Comparative example 2
Compared with example 1, the average particle diameter D50 of the high-reflection pigment titanium dioxide is 0.5 μm, (D90-D10)/D50 is 0.5, the average particle diameter D50 of the inorganic black pigment carbon black is 3nm, and the rest of the components and the process are kept unchanged.
Comparative example 3
Compared with example 1, the high-reflection pigment titanium dioxide (D90-D10)/D50 is 2.2, and the rest of the components and the process remain unchanged.
Comparative example 4
Compared with the example 1, the high-reflection pigment titanium dioxide is 20 parts, and the rest components and the process are kept unchanged.
Comparative example 5
Compared with the example 1, the high-reflection pigment titanium dioxide is 1 part, and the rest components and the process are kept unchanged.
Comparative example 6
Compared with example 1, the rough roll rolling is used for integral forming, and the rest components and processes are kept unchanged.
Comparative example 7
Compared with the embodiment 1, no dispersing agent is added into the high-reflection fluorine film and the black fluorine film, and the rest components and the process are kept unchanged.
Comparative example 8
Compared with the embodiment 11, except that the high-reflection film adopts 100 parts of PMMA film to replace the PVDF film, the black fluorine film part adopts 100 parts of PC film to replace the PVDF film, and the other components and processes are kept unchanged.
Comparative example 9
Only the black fluorine film portion of example 1 was included, and was formed by mirror-surface roll forming.
< Experimental example >
The fluorine films obtained in examples 1 to 11 and comparative examples 1 to 9 were prepared into a back sheet according to the structure of the fluorine film-glue layer-PET base layer-white coating layer-black mesh layer, in which the glue layer was 10 μm, the PET base layer was 200 μm, the white coating layer was 10 μm, and the black mesh was 10 μm.
The back sheets prepared in examples and comparative examples were attached to a cell module, and then solar cell modules were prepared.
The white coating is the same as the components in the example 5, the black grid layer is a PE resin layer doped with black carbon black, and the glue layer is an EVA glue layer.
The solar cell is a monocrystalline silicon cell or a polycrystalline silicon cell, the solar cell is a whole or sliced cell, and particularly is a G12-66P double-sided double-glass assembly.
< measuring method >
1) Degree of dispersion of inorganic particles
For the sample films obtained in examples 1 to 11 and comparative examples 1 to 9, the reference area (1 mm) was measured at a magnification of × 40 using an optical microscope (BX 51, OLYMPUS co., ltd.) 2 ) The number and dispersion degree of the inorganic particles are measured.
2) Surface roughness Ra
For the sample films obtained in examples 1 to 11 and comparative examples 1 to 9, 3D images of the film shape were measured with a non-contact type surface roughness measuring instrument (PLUTO 681, dukin Co., ltd., using a 605nm laser, with a resolution of 0.1 μm), and the average of the height from the bottom was measured as the surface roughness Ra.
3) L value and gloss measurement
The sample films obtained in examples 1 to 11 and comparative examples 1 to 9 were cut into 1CM × 1CM pieces, and measured for L value (based on la b color system) based on a black fluorine film using a Konica Minolta spectrophotometer CM-2600d, and measured for gloss using a Byk-Gardner gloss meter (Columbia, MD, USA).
4) Reflectance measurement
For the sample films obtained in examples 1 to 11 and comparative examples 1 to 9, reflectance was measured at emission wavelengths of 400nm and 940nm using an X-Rite eXactNGH hand-held spectrophotometer (Achrome Co., ltd.), respectively, and average reflectance was measured under a mixture of visible light and near infrared light (wavelength range 380nm to 2000 nm).
5) Solar module power gain
The solar cell modules formed of the sample films obtained in examples 1 to 11 and comparative examples 1 to 9 were measured for their power gains compared with the solar cell module formed in comparative example 9.
6) Evaluation of appearance scratches
For the sample films obtained in examples 1 to 11 and comparative examples 1 to 9, the scratch level was evaluated using 2H standard pencil scratch on the black fluorine film surface at a viewing angle of 60 degrees.
7) Evaluation of temperature rise
The solar cell modules formed of the sample films obtained in examples 1 to 11 and comparative examples 1 to 9 were exposed to a touch feeling at 2 to 3 pm for 1 hour on a sunny day outdoors to sense the surface temperature.
The performance evaluations for examples 1-11 and comparative examples 1-9 are summarized in Table 1 below.
The embodiment shows that the particle size, the uniformity, the content, the dispersibility and the surface roughness of the high-reflection pigment all influence the reflectivity of the high-reflection pigment, the reflectivity can be enhanced by controlling the parameters within a reasonable range, so that a larger power gain is obtained, meanwhile, the appearance effect of the black surface needs to be cooperatively considered under various factors such as the proportion, the thickness and the manufacturing process of the pigment, even the further optimization effect can be realized on the temperature control and matte effect level, and the process of the multilayer functional film for the solar cell backboard is simpler through an integrated forming process. Comparative example 4 while a photovoltaic module with higher power gain was also obtained, comparative example 4 used a higher level of titanium dioxide, with a loss in processability and aging resistance. Comparative example 8, which is mainly a black film, is a non-fluorine film, has also a significant disadvantage in weather resistance and aging resistance.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, the above description is only for the purpose of facilitating the understanding of the present invention by the skilled in the art, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, so that the equivalent changes and modifications in the shape, structure, and spirit of the present invention described in the claims are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (15)
1. A multilayer functional film for a solar cell back sheet comprising at least 1 black fluorine film and at least 1 high-reflection film, and one surface layer is a black fluorine film and the other surface layer is a high-reflection film, the black fluorine film being a polymer film or a polymer coating layer comprising a black pigment and a fluorine resin component, the high-reflection film being a polymer film or a polymer coating layer comprising high-reflection pigment inorganic particles,
the average particle size D50 of the high-reflection pigment inorganic particles is 1-200 mu m;
the particle size distribution of the inorganic particles of the high-reflection pigment meets the following relational expression:
0.01≤（D90-D10）/D50≤2；
the highly reflective pigment inorganic particles are near-spherical inorganic particles having a reflectance of 30% or more with respect to light having a wavelength of 380nm to 2000 nm;
the content of the high-reflection pigment inorganic particles in the high-reflection film is 5-25/mm 2 Mu m, and the dispersity is not lower than 50 percent;
the surface roughness (Ra) of the high-reflection film positioned on one surface layer of the multilayer functional film on the surface of the surface layer is 0.1-15nm;
the surface of the high-reflection film positioned on one surface layer of the multilayer functional film is subjected to calendering treatment in a mirror roller mode; the black fluorine film is positioned on one surface layer of the multilayer functional film, and the surface roughness (Ra) of the surface layer is 0.1nm-5 mu m; the high-reflective film and the black fluorine film further comprise, based on the total weight of the multilayer functional film: 0.01 to 2 weight percent of ultraviolet absorber, 0 to 3 weight percent of low temperature resistant auxiliary agent, 0.1 to 5 weight percent of dispersant, 0.01 to 2 weight percent of age resister and 0.01 to 2 weight percent of flatting agent; the thickness of the single-layer black fluorine film is 3-200 μm, the thickness of the single-layer high-reflection film is 3-500 μm, the thickness ratio of the black fluorine film to the high-reflection film is 10;
in the black fluorine film, the black pigment is inorganic black pigment, organic black pigment or a mixture thereof;
the average particle diameter D50 of the inorganic black pigment ranges from 3nm to 100nm.
2. The multilayer functional film for a solar battery back sheet according to claim 1, wherein the high-anti-pigment inorganic particles are selected from one or more of titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, barium titanate, strontium titanate, calcium carbonate, lead titanate, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, magnesium oxide, silver powder, aluminum powder, and aluminum oxide.
3. The multilayer functional film for a solar battery back sheet according to claim 1, wherein the high-reflection film is a polymer film or a polymer coating layer containing a fluororesin.
4. The multilayer functional film for a solar battery back sheet according to claim 1, wherein the high-reflection film is a polymer film or a polymer coating layer containing no fluorine resin.
5. The multilayer functional film for a solar battery back sheet according to claim 1, wherein the high-reflection film further comprises an infrared reflection aid selected from one or more of indium oxide, tin oxide, silicon oxide, silver powder, aluminum powder, yttrium oxide, calcium oxide, indium tin oxide, and arsenic oxide.
6. The multilayer functional film for a solar cell back sheet according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the high-reflection film on one surface layer of the multilayer functional film has a plurality of strip-shaped reflective structures arranged in parallel, and the cross section of each strip-shaped reflective structure is an isosceles triangle.
7. The multilayer functional film for a solar battery back sheet according to claim 1, wherein the black fluorine film and the high-reflective film are continuous on one side, and are integrally formed or continuously attached to each other.
8. The multilayer functional film for a solar battery back sheet according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic black pigment is one or a mixture of carbon black, iron oxide black, copper chromium black, iron chromium black, cobalt black, and antimony sulfide, the organic black pigment is one or a mixture of two or more organic black pigments, and the organic black pigment is selected from azo pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, and condensed polycyclic pigments.
9. The multilayer functional film for a solar battery back sheet according to claim 1, wherein the black fluorine film further comprises an infrared reflection aid selected from one or more of indium oxide, tin oxide, silicon oxide, silver powder, aluminum powder, yttrium oxide, calcium oxide, indium tin oxide, and arsenic oxide.
10. The multi-layer functional film for a solar cell back sheet according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic black pigment is contained in the black fluorine film in an amount of 1 to 10wt% based on the total weight of the black fluorine film.
11. The multilayer functional film for a solar battery back sheet according to claim 1, wherein the fluororesin is one or more selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, and polytetrafluoroethylene.
12. The multilayer functional film for a solar cell back sheet according to claim 1, wherein the black fluorine film and the high-reflection film further comprise a non-fluorine resin component, and the non-fluorine resin is one or more selected from the group consisting of polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene, polyvinyl alcohol, polycarbonate, polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyamide-based resin, and polyphenylene ether resin.
13. A solar cell back sheet comprising the multilayer functional film for a solar cell back sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the back sheet base resin layer is provided on a side away from the cell sheet, and the air side is a black fluorine film.
14. The solar cell backsheet according to claim 13, comprising a back adhesive film layer, a black mesh layer, a white reflective coating layer, a base resin layer, an adhesive layer, and the multi-layer functional film for a solar cell backsheet in this order from the near side to the far side in terms of the distance from the back side of the solar cell sheet.
15. A solar cell module comprising a solar cell sheet and the multilayer functional film for a solar cell back sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 12, or the solar cell back sheet according to claim 13 or 14.
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