CN113290650B - High-strength bamboo composite recombined material and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

High-strength bamboo composite recombined material and manufacturing method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113290650B
CN113290650B CN202110535069.4A CN202110535069A CN113290650B CN 113290650 B CN113290650 B CN 113290650B CN 202110535069 A CN202110535069 A CN 202110535069A CN 113290650 B CN113290650 B CN 113290650B
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bamboo
treatment
skin
mixed
radial
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CN113290650A (en
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李霞镇
李贤军
徐康
郝晓峰
薛志成
李婷
胡嘉裕
杨喜
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Central South University of Forestry and Technology
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Central South University of Forestry and Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27J—MECHANICAL WORKING OF CANE, CORK, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27J1/00—Mechanical working of cane or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27D—WORKING VENEER OR PLYWOOD
    • B27D1/00—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring
    • B27D1/04—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring to produce plywood or articles made therefrom; Plywood sheets
    • B27D1/08—Manufacture of shaped articles; Presses specially designed therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
    • B27K3/0207—Pretreatment of wood before impregnation
    • B27K3/0214—Drying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
    • B27K3/0228—Spraying apparatus, e.g. tunnels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
    • B27K3/08—Impregnating by pressure, e.g. vacuum impregnation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
    • B27K5/04—Combined bleaching or impregnating and drying of wood
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
    • B27M1/00—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching
    • B27M1/08—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching by multi-step processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K2240/00—Purpose of the treatment
    • B27K2240/30—Fireproofing

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a manufacturing method of a high-strength bamboo composite recombined material, which comprises the following steps: respectively carrying out high-pressure impregnation treatment and normal-pressure impregnation treatment on the dried bamboo bundle curtain and the mixed bamboo skin, drying and balancing, and then carrying out assembly treatment; when assembling, the mixed bamboo splits of the slab core layer are arranged in a non-directional way, the bamboo bundle curtains on the upper and lower surface layers are continuously lengthened and sprayed with fireproof flame-retardant solution, and when the preset length is reached, the bamboo bundle curtains are cut off to obtain the slab; and (4) carrying out hot press molding and post-treatment on the plate blank in sequence to obtain the high-strength bamboo composite recombined material. The high-strength bamboo composite recombined material prepared by the method has the characteristics of continuous paving operation, high utilization rate of bamboo, large strength-to-weight ratio, fire resistance, flame retardance and the like.

Description

High-strength bamboo composite recombined material and manufacturing method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of manufacturing of bamboo composite recombined materials in the wood industry, and particularly relates to a high-strength bamboo composite recombined material which is continuously paved and has a fireproof and flame-retardant function and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
Bamboo resources in China are rich, the area and the storage amount of bamboo woods occupy the first place in the world, and the bamboo has the advantages of high strength-weight ratio, short lumber forming period, one-time planting and continuous utilization and the like, so that the reasonable development and utilization of the bamboo resources become important measures for relieving the shortage of the wood resources at present. The bamboo is divided into radial thin bamboo strips or rolled into fluffy bamboo bundles, and then the fluffy bamboo bundles are recombined into plates under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, which is one of the most important ways for realizing the industrial utilization of the bamboo.
In the prior art, the bamboo composite material prepared by taking the radial bamboo skin as a unit has the advantages of high material utilization rate, small glue consumption, large strength-weight ratio of the plate, low production cost and the like, but also has the defects of large porosity and poor flatness of the plate. The bamboo composite material prepared by using the rolling and untwining bamboo bundles as units has the advantages of high compactness, few pores, flat and smooth surface and the like, but has the defects of slightly low material utilization rate and plate strength-weight ratio, high glue consumption and high production cost. Meanwhile, the bamboo belongs to a natural biomass material, and has the defects of poor fireproof performance, easiness in combustion and the like. The existence of the problems seriously restricts the application field of bamboo wood and the market competitiveness of products. Therefore, on the premise of ensuring the high utilization rate of the bamboo, the bamboo composite recombined material with high strength-to-weight ratio, high compactness, good surface flatness and strong fireproof and flame-retardant capability is manufactured, and has very important significance for expanding the application field of the bamboo and improving the added value of the bamboo product.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a high-strength bamboo composite recombined material with high material utilization rate, high strength-to-weight ratio and compactness, good surface flatness and strong fire resistance and flame retardance and a manufacturing method thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a high-strength bamboo composite recombined material, includes top layer, lower top layer and sandwich layer, top layer and lower top layer set up about the sandwich layer symmetry, top layer or lower top layer are for the natural color bamboo through flame retardant treatment restraints layer or shallow charcoal bamboo and restraints the layer, the sandwich layer is mixed thin bamboo strips used for weaving layer, mixed thin bamboo strips used for weaving layer includes the radial thin bamboo strips used for weaving of ordinary dry heat treatment and the radial thin bamboo strips used for weaving of superheated steam heat treatment, the radial thin bamboo strips used for weaving of ordinary dry heat treatment includes the radial thin bamboo strips used for weaving of natural color or the radial thin bamboo strips used for weaving of shallow charcoalThin bamboo strips; the density of the high-strength bamboo composite recombined material is 0.7-1.2 g/cm 3 And the flexural modulus of elasticity is 18000-30000 MPa.
As a further improvement to the above technical solution:
the ratio of the total mass of the bamboo bundles on the upper surface layer and the lower surface layer to the mass of the mixed bamboo skin on the core layer is 0.3-1: 1; the mass ratio of the common heat-treated radial bamboo skin to the superheated steam heat-treated radial bamboo skin is 1: 0.1-0.3.
As a general inventive concept, the present invention also provides a method for manufacturing the high strength bamboo composite recombined material, comprising the following steps:
s1, respectively drying the bamboo bundle curtain and the mixed bamboo strips until the water content is 5-20%; the mixed bamboo splits comprise common dry heat treatment radial bamboo splits and superheated steam heat treatment radial bamboo splits;
s2, performing gum dipping treatment on the bamboo bundle curtain and the mixed bamboo splits obtained in the step S1;
the impregnation treatment of the bamboo bundle curtain comprises the following steps: placing the bamboo bundle curtain in a high-pressure impregnation treatment tank, and performing impregnation treatment in a phenolic resin adhesive with the solid content of 20-30%;
the gum dipping treatment of the mixed bamboo splits specifically comprises the following steps: placing the mixed bamboo skin in a normal-pressure impregnation treatment tank, and performing impregnation treatment in a phenolic resin adhesive with the solid content of 15-40%;
s3, drying and balancing the bamboo bundle curtain and the mixed bamboo splits obtained in the step S2 to enable the water content of the bamboo bundle curtain and the mixed bamboo splits to be 10-20%;
s4, continuously assembling the bamboo bundle curtain and the mixed bamboo splits obtained in the step S3;
when assembling, firstly paving the bamboo bundle curtain into a lower surface layer, spraying a water-based fireproof flame-retardant solution, and evaporating the moisture of the lower surface layer bamboo bundle by an infrared dryer; paving the mixed bamboo splits into a core layer; finally, paving the bamboo bundle curtain into an upper surface layer, spraying a water-based fireproof flame-retardant solution, and evaporating the moisture of the upper surface layer bamboo bundle through an infrared dryer; cutting off when the preset slab length is reached to obtain a slab;
and S5, carrying out hot press molding on the plate blank obtained in the step S4, and carrying out post-treatment to obtain the high-strength bamboo composite recombined material.
As a further improvement to the above technical solution:
in the step S1, the common radial dried heat-treated bamboo skin is a bamboo skin dried at a temperature not higher than 100 ℃, and the superheated steam heat-treated bamboo skin is a bamboo skin subjected to superheated steam treatment at a temperature of 190 to 210 ℃.
Preferably, the time of the superheated steam treatment is 2 to 4 hours.
In the step S4, the fireproof flame-retardant solution is an ammonium polyphosphate solution with the mass concentration of 40-140%; when the infrared dryer is used, the infrared radiation wavelength is 3.5-5.5 mu m, so that the radiation wavelength is mainly distributed in the moisture absorption waveband of the bamboo bundle; the surface temperature of the bamboo bundle is 60-80 ℃, and the surface water content of the dried bamboo bundle is not more than 20%.
In the step S4, the bamboo bundle curtain is continuously and longitudinally extended and paved to form an upper surface layer or a lower surface layer, and the mixed bamboo skin is a core layer paved in a longitudinally, transversely or longitudinally and transversely staggered non-directional arrangement manner, so that the paving uniformity of the mixed bamboo skin in the thickness direction of the plate blank is ensured.
The core layer is obtained by adopting a mixed bamboo skin non-directional paving mode, the size of the plate blank is not limited by the size of the bamboo strip unit, the working target of continuous paving operation of the plate blank is realized, and the bamboo composite recombined material meeting the actual breadth requirement can be manufactured.
In the step S2, the impregnation treatment of the bamboo bundle curtain specifically includes the following steps: and (3) placing the bamboo bundle curtain after the balance treatment in a high-pressure impregnation tank for pre-vacuum treatment, keeping for 5-10 min, adding a phenolic resin adhesive with the solid content of 20-30% until the bamboo bundle curtain is completely soaked, raising the pressure of the solution in the high-pressure impregnation tank to 0.4-1.2 MPa, maintaining the pressure for 10-20 min, releasing the pressure for post-vacuum treatment, releasing the pressure again, taking out the bamboo bundle curtain, and draining to obtain the bamboo bundle curtain after the impregnation treatment.
In the step S5, the hot press forming is one-step forming, the temperature of the slab core layer is 130-155 ℃, the hot press pressure is 3.0-6.0 MPa, and the slab core layer is kept for 10-30 min after the temperature of the slab core layer reaches the set temperature.
In the step S1, the method for preparing the bamboo bundle curtain includes the following steps: cutting moso bamboos into bamboo tubes with the length of 1-2 m, radially dividing the bamboo tubes into bamboo chips with the width of 20-60 mm, and then untwining the bamboo chips without bamboo green into bamboo bundles; uniformly matching the big ends and the small ends of the bamboo bundles, and connecting braided wires in parallel and sewing to form a curtain; the width of the bamboo bundle curtain is equal to the length of the bamboo bundle.
Preferably, a bamboo bundle fluffer or a rolling machine is adopted to fluff or roll the bamboo chips into bamboo bundles which are transversely loosened and longitudinally communicated.
Preferably, when the curtain is woven, the distance between adjacent bamboo bundles is not more than 2mm, and the distance between adjacent weaving lines is 0.3-0.5 m.
In the step S1, the preparation method of the bamboo skin includes: cutting the moso bamboo into a bamboo tube with the length of 1-2 m, and cutting the bamboo tube into radial thin bamboo strips with the thickness of 0.5-3 mm along the radial direction. The bamboo skin itself absorbs a little glue amount, in order to guarantee the sandwich layer veneer quality, requires its thickness can not too big.
Preferably, in the step S2, the dipping treatment of the mixed bamboo splits specifically includes the following steps: and (3) subpackaging the mixed bamboo splits in a normal-pressure dipping treatment tank by using a mesh bag or a dipping mesh frame, completely immersing the dipped mixed bamboo splits in a phenolic resin adhesive for 5-10 min, taking out the dipped mixed bamboo splits and draining to obtain the dipped mixed bamboo splits.
Preferably, in the step S3, drying the bamboo bundle curtain and the mixed bamboo skin after the dipping treatment by using a conventional wet air kiln drying method, wherein the temperature of a drying medium is 50-60 ℃, and the drying time is 0.5-3 days; the environmental temperature of the equilibrium treatment is 25-32 ℃, the relative humidity is 60-75%, and the equilibrium treatment time is 8-12 days.
Preferably, in step S4, the spraying is to use a nozzle with an atomizing effect to uniformly spray the fireproof flame-retardant solution onto the upper surface layer and the lower surface layer so that the fireproof flame-retardant solution is sufficiently wetted but no liquid drops are dropped out.
Preferably, in step S5, the post-treatment includes a maintenance treatment and a machining treatment, and the maintenance treatment specifically includes the following steps: tightly stacking and aging the plate blanks subjected to hot press forming in an indoor environment for 7-14 days; the machining treatment specifically comprises the following steps: and (5) adopting mechanical processing equipment to carry out edge cutting, saw cutting and sanding treatment on the cured plate blank.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. according to the high-strength bamboo composite recombined material, the mixed bamboo skin layer comprises the common drying heat treatment radial bamboo skin and the superheated steam heat treatment radial bamboo skin, the common drying heat treatment radial bamboo skin comprises the natural color radial bamboo skin or the shallow carbon radial bamboo skin, the characteristic that the superheated steam heat treatment bamboo skin is easy to break under the action of pressure is utilized, the internal pores of a natural color (or shallow carbon) bamboo skin plate blank can be effectively filled, and the problems of large porosity and poor dimensional stability of a plate blank core layer can be remarkably improved.
2. According to the high-strength bamboo composite reconstituted wood, the upper surface layer is the natural-color bamboo bundle layer or the light-carbon bamboo bundle layer, and the bamboo bundles have strong permeability and adsorbability, so that the flame-retardant treatment is only performed on the bamboo bundle layers of the upper surface layer and the lower surface layer, and the flame-retardant protection effect of the whole reconstituted wood can be still ensured under the condition that the core layer is not subjected to flame-retardant treatment. Compared with a bamboo bundle recombined material, the strength-weight ratio of the plate blank is effectively improved, and the glue cost is obviously reduced; compared with the bamboo skin recombined material, the dimension stability of the plate blank is improved while the surface flatness and the porosity of the plate blank are obviously improved. The density of the composite recombinant bamboo wood is 0.7-1.2 g/cm 3 The flexural modulus of elasticity is 18000-30000 MPa; the strength-weight ratio of the bamboo-wood composite material is improved by 10-40%, the ignition time is prolonged by more than 50% compared with that of an untreated material, the total heat release amount is reduced by more than 40%, the total smoke generation amount is reduced by more than 30%, the requirements of modern bamboo engineering materials and engineering component manufacturing can be met, and the bamboo-wood composite material can be widely applied to the field of modern bamboo-wood structural building engineering.
3. The manufacturing method of the high-strength bamboo composite recombined material adopts the bamboo bundle and mixed radial bamboo skin composite recombination technology, improves the surface flatness of the product on the basis of obviously improving the utilization rate of bamboo materials, and improves the strength-weight ratio of the product. The mixed thin bamboo strip core layer utilizes the characteristic that the superheated steam heat treatment thin bamboo strips are easy to break under the action of pressure, can effectively fill the internal pores of the natural-color (or light-carbon) thin bamboo strip plate blank, and obviously improves the technical bottleneck of large porosity and poor dimensional stability of the thin bamboo strip plate blank. Moreover, the bamboo bundle layers of the upper and lower surface layers of the plate blank after hot press molding are flat and compact, so that the corrosion probability of the outside to the core layer is effectively reduced, and only the fireproof and flame-retardant property improvement treatment is needed to be carried out on the surface layer bamboo bundle, thereby obviously reducing the production cost. In addition, the hybrid bamboo skin non-directional paving technology and the bamboo bundle curtain longitudinal lengthening technology are combined, continuous paving operation can be achieved, the bamboo utilization rate is high, and the practical requirements of continuous paving and controllable breadth of the plate blank are met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the production process of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the assembly in the thickness direction of the slab in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and specific examples. Unless otherwise specified, the instruments or materials employed in the present invention are commercially available.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the manufacturing method of the high-strength bamboo composite recombined material with the three-layer mixed structure of the embodiment specifically includes the following steps:
(1) preparing radial bamboo splits: sawing fresh moso bamboos into bamboo cylinders with the length of 1.5m, removing green and yellow, and processing the bamboo cylinders into radial bamboo splits with the thickness of 1.5mm by adopting a radial bamboo splitting machine.
(2) Preparing bamboo bundles: sawing fresh moso bamboo into bamboo tubes with the length of 1.5m, splitting the bamboo tubes into bamboo chips with the width of 30mm by a bamboo splitting machine, removing bamboo green, and then splitting the bamboo chips into bamboo bundles which are transversely loose and longitudinally communicated by a splitting machine.
In this application, the bamboo bundle size is inconsistent with thin bamboo strips used for weaving, and does not have the specification requirement to thickness. Because the bamboo bundles are obtained by mechanical rolling, the bamboo fibers are in a loose state and can better absorb glue solution, the density of the pressed and formed plate blank is good, and no special requirement is imposed on the thickness of the bamboo bundles.
(3) Weaving the bamboo bundle curtain: after the big ends and the small ends of the bamboo bundles are uniformly matched, the bamboo bundles are parallelly woven into a curtain by a weaving machine, the distance between the adjacent bamboo bundles is not more than 2mm, and the distance between the adjacent sewing threads is 0.3-0.4 m, so that the bamboo bundle curtain with the length of 1.5m and the width of 1.5m is obtained; the width of the bamboo bundle curtain is equal to the length of the bamboo bundle.
(4) Drying the bamboo bundle curtain and the radial bamboo strips: and (3) drying the bamboo curtain units and the radial bamboo strips by adopting a conventional kiln dry method, controlling the drying temperature at 90 ℃, and drying until the water content is about 15% at the end to obtain dried bamboo bundle curtains and bamboo strips (namely common heat-treated bamboo strips, natural-color or light-carbon bamboo strips).
(5) Preparing a mixed bamboo skin: treating the dried bamboo skin by high-temperature superheated steam at 190 ℃ for 4 hours to obtain a high-temperature heat-treated bamboo skin; and uniformly mixing the dried natural color bamboo skin with the dried natural color bamboo skin according to the proportion of 0.2:1 to obtain the mixed bamboo skin.
In the invention, the mass ratio of the common heat-treated radial bamboo skin to the superheated steam heat-treated radial bamboo skin is 1: 0.1-0.3, the same or similar technical effects can be obtained, the gap of the slab core layer can be effectively filled by utilizing the characteristic that the superheated steam heat-treated bamboo skin is easy to break under the action of pressure, but the mechanical strength of the superheated steam heat-treated bamboo skin is obviously lower than that of the common heat-treated radial bamboo skin, and if the proportion of the superheated steam heat-treated bamboo skin in the slab core layer is improved, the mechanical property of a product can be reduced.
(6) High-pressure impregnation treatment of the bamboo bundle curtain: placing the dried bamboo bundle curtain unit in a high-pressure impregnation treatment tank, vacuumizing until the vacuum degree is 0.06MPa (0.02-0.09 MPa can obtain the same or similar technical effect), keeping for 7min, then injecting 20% of phenolic resin adhesive to completely soak the bamboo bundle curtain unit, and pressurizing to 0.7MPa (0.4-1.0 MPa can obtain the same or similar technical effect); and (3) maintaining the pressure for 10min, then releasing the pressure, performing post-vacuum treatment, keeping the vacuum degree at 0.06MPa (0.02-0.09 MPa can obtain the same or similar technical effect), releasing the pressure after keeping for 6min, and finally taking out the bamboo bundle curtain after the impregnation treatment.
(7) Normal-pressure dipping treatment of bamboo splits: and (3) placing the mixed bamboo skin into a reticular dipping frame, placing the mixed bamboo skin into a dipping tank to ensure that the mixed bamboo skin is completely immersed by the glue solution, keeping for 5min, taking out and draining to obtain the dipped mixed bamboo skin. The glue used in this example was a phenolic resin glue with a solids content of 40%.
In the invention, the bamboo bundle curtain is subjected to high-pressure impregnation treatment, and the bamboo skin is subjected to normal-pressure impregnation treatment. Theoretically, both the bamboo bundle curtain and the mixed bamboo skin can be treated by high-pressure impregnation, but the impregnation effect of the high-pressure impregnation is better than that of normal-pressure impregnation, but the production cost of the high-pressure impregnation is obviously higher than that of the normal-pressure impregnation, and if the high-pressure impregnation is used, the production cost is increased. In the invention, as the upper surface layer 1 and the lower surface layer 2 are bamboo bundle layers, as long as the superior gluing effect of the upper surface layer 1 and the lower surface layer 2 is ensured, the penetration of water to the core layer 3 can be effectively inhibited, so that the stability of the whole plate is ensured, therefore, the bamboo bundles of the upper surface layer 1 and the lower surface layer 1 are subjected to high-pressure impregnation treatment with good impregnation effect, and the mixed bamboo splits of the core layer 3 are subjected to normal-pressure impregnation.
(8) Drying and balancing the impregnated bamboo bundle curtain and the impregnated bamboo splits: respectively drying the impregnated bamboo bundle curtain and the mixed bamboo skin by adopting a conventional wet air kiln drying method, wherein the temperature of a drying medium is 55 ℃, and the drying time is 2 days; the environmental temperature of the equilibrium treatment is 25 ℃, the relative humidity is 60%, and the equilibrium treatment time is 12 days, so that the impregnated bamboo bundle curtain after the drying equilibrium treatment and the mixed bamboo skin after the impregnation treatment are obtained.
(9) Assembling and flame-retardant treating: according to the target density of 0.90g/cm 3 After the mass ratio of the upper surface layer 1, the lower surface layer 2 bamboo bundles and the core layer 3 mixed bamboo skin of the plate blank with unit length is determined according to 0.3:1, the impregnated bamboo bundle curtain and the impregnated mixed bamboo skin after drying and balancing treatment are placed on a conveyor belt for continuous paving operation, and the assembly structure is shown in figure 2. The slab pavement adopts a layered sequential pavement mode, the lower surface layer 2 is firstly paved to impregnate the bamboo bundle curtain, then the water-based fireproof flame-retardant solution with the mass ratio of 40% is sprayed, then the infrared dryer is used for evaporating the surface layer water, so that the surface temperature of the bamboo bundle is controlled at 60 ℃, and the surface layer water content of the dried bamboo bundle is about 18%; paving the mixed bamboo skin of the core layer 3 in a longitudinal, transverse or criss-cross non-directional arrangement mode; finally, laying the upper surface layer 1, impregnating the bamboo bundle curtain, spraying the water-based fireproof flame-retardant solution with the same concentration and quality, and evaporating the surface water through an infrared dryerAnd (4) dividing. And cutting when the preset slab length is reached to obtain a slab with the length of 2m and the width of 1.5 m.
In the invention, when assembling, the upper surface layer 1 and the lower surface layer 2 are formed by extending the bamboo bundle curtain along the length direction, and the width of the joint is not more than 2 mm; the core layer 3 is formed by paving the mixed bamboo splits in a non-directional arrangement mode such as vertical, horizontal or criss-cross mode; the mixed bamboo skin is formed by uniformly mixing a radial natural-color (or light-carbon) bamboo skin and a high-temperature heat treatment bamboo skin according to a certain proportion (the mixing mass ratio is 1: 0.1-0.3); the bamboo bundles in the upper surface layer 1 and the lower surface layer 2 are equal in mass, the ratio of the total mass of the bamboo bundles in the upper surface layer 1 and the lower surface layer 2 to the mass of the mixed bamboo skin in the core layer 3 is 0.3-1: 1, and the same or similar technical effects can be achieved. The upper surface layer 1 and the lower surface layer 2 are used for binding bamboo bundles, the core layer 3 is used for bamboo strips, the transverse mechanical property of the plate blank is improved, and if the mass ratio of the radial bamboo strips in the core layer 3 is reduced, the reinforcing effect of the transverse mechanics of the plate blank can be obviously influenced. In addition, because the production cost of the bamboo bundles of the upper surface layer 1 or the lower surface layer 2 is higher than that of the bamboo splits, the mass ratio of the bamboo bundles of the upper surface layer 1 or the lower surface layer 2 is improved, and the production cost is increased to a certain extent. .
In the invention, the fire-proof flame-retardant liquid and the adhesive have different pH values and can not be used together in a mutual dissolving way. The invention firstly sprays fireproof flame-retardant liquid, carries out infrared drying and carries out hot press molding, on one hand, the requirements of the continuous paving operation can be realized only by simultaneously executing (high drying efficiency) the infrared dryer in the paving process, and the production efficiency is high compared with the production efficiency of the conventional drying kiln for drying (carrying in and out the drying kiln, loading in the kiln and the like), on the other hand, the invention firstly sprays the flame-retardant liquid and carries out hot press molding, compared with the method of spraying the flame-retardant liquid and then carrying out hot press molding, the flame-retardant effect can be effectively improved, and the total heat release amount and the total smoke generation are effectively reduced.
Compared with other types of fireproof flame-retardant liquid, the fireproof flame-retardant liquid has the advantages of large maximum water solubility ratio and relatively large control range of flame-retardant effect. In addition, the ammonium polyphosphate is relatively cheap and low in cost, and can meet wide market demands and improve economic benefits.
The core layer 3 of the high-strength bamboo composite recombined material is formed by assembling in an unoriented paving mode, and compared with recombined bamboo and bamboo skin laminated materials, the transverse mechanical strength of a finished product can be obviously improved.
(10) Hot-press forming treatment: and (3) conveying the plate blank and the base plate together into a hot press through a conveying belt to perform hot press molding treatment, wherein the temperature of a hot press core layer is controlled at 140 ℃, the hot press pressure is controlled at 4.5MPa, and the hot press time is controlled to be 15min after the temperature of the plate blank core layer reaches a set temperature.
In other embodiments, the temperature of the slab core layer is 130-155 ℃, the hot pressing pressure is 3.0-6.0 MPa, and the same or similar technical effects can be obtained when the temperature of the slab core layer reaches the set temperature and then is kept for 10-30 min.
(11) Curing and machining treatment: stacking the formed slabs after hot press forming, wherein the upper and lower formed slabs are separated by a parting bead during stacking, the formed slabs on the same layer are close to each other, and the gap between the parting beads on the same layer is 40 cm; placing the formed plate blank in a balance warehouse and maintaining for 10 days; and after the maintenance is finished, machining the molded plate blank after the maintenance treatment by adopting a plate cutting saw, a sliding table saw and the like to obtain the high-strength bamboo composite recombined material.
The high-strength bamboo composite recombined material produced by the embodiment has the length of 2m, the width of 1.5m and the actual density of 0.86g/cm 3 The flexural modulus of elasticity is 22000 MPa. Compared with a bamboo skin laminated material produced by adopting the prior art (the core layer 3 and the surface layer both use the same type of bamboo skins, and the bamboo skins all use common drying treatment (natural color bamboo skins), the transverse tensile strength-weight ratio of the laminated material is improved by 32%, the total heat release amount and the total smoke amount are respectively reduced by 40% and 60%, the ignition time is prolonged by 60%, the transverse tensile strength-weight ratio, the fireproof flame retardant property and the dimensional stability of the plate blank are obviously improved, and the laminated material can meet the current requirements on large-scale bamboo-wood structural building engineering materials.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 1, the manufacturing method of the high-strength bamboo composite recombined material with the three-layer mixed structure of the embodiment specifically includes the following steps:
(1) preparing a bamboo bundle curtain: cutting fresh moso bamboos into bamboo tubes with the length of 2.0m, splitting the bamboo tubes into bamboo chips with the width of 25mm by a bamboo splitting machine, removing bamboo green, rolling the bamboo chips into transverse loose bamboo chips by a fluffer, weaving bamboo bundles into curtains in parallel by a weaving machine after longitudinally penetrating fluffed bamboo bundles, wherein the distance between adjacent bamboo bundles is not more than 2mm, and the distance between adjacent sewing lines is 0.4m, so that the bamboo bundle curtain with the length of 1.5m and the width of 2.0m is obtained.
When the bamboo bundle is adopted to weave the bamboo curtain, the large and small ends of the bamboo bundle only need to be matched uniformly, the selection process is not involved, the production efficiency is higher, and the method is more suitable for large-scale production.
(2) Preparing radial bamboo splits: sawing fresh moso bamboos into bamboo cylinders with the length of 2.0m, removing green and yellow, and processing the bamboo cylinders into radial bamboo splits with the thickness of 2.5mm by adopting a radial bamboo splitting machine.
(3) Drying the bamboo bundle curtain and the radial bamboo strips: and (3) drying the bamboo curtain units and the radial bamboo strips by adopting a conventional kiln dry method, controlling the drying temperature at 80 ℃, and drying the bamboo bundle curtains and the bamboo strips to the final moisture content of about 12% to obtain the dried bamboo bundle curtains and the dried bamboo strips.
(4) Preparing a mixed bamboo skin: treating the dried bamboo skin by high-temperature superheated steam at 200 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain a high-temperature heat-treated bamboo skin; and uniformly mixing the dried natural color bamboo skin with the dried natural color bamboo skin according to the proportion of 0.3:1 to obtain the mixed bamboo skin.
(5) High-pressure impregnation treatment: placing the dried bamboo bundle curtain in a high-pressure impregnation treatment tank, vacuumizing until the vacuum degree is 0.07MPa, keeping for 30min, then injecting 20-30% of phenolic resin adhesive to completely soak the bamboo bundle curtain, and pressurizing to 1.2 MPa; maintaining the pressure for 2h, then releasing the pressure, performing post vacuum treatment, keeping the vacuum degree at 0.07MPa for 10min, releasing the pressure, and finally taking out the bamboo bundle curtain after the impregnation treatment; the high-pressure impregnation is carried out at normal temperature.
(6) Dipping the mixed bamboo splits: and (3) placing the mixed bamboo skin into a reticular dipping frame, dipping the mixed bamboo skin into a dipping tank to ensure that the mixed bamboo skin is completely immersed by phenolic resin glue, keeping for 8min, taking out and draining to obtain the dipped mixed bamboo skin. The solids content of the phenolic resin glue used was 30%.
(7) Drying and balancing the impregnated bamboo bundle curtain and the impregnated bamboo splits: and drying the impregnated bamboo bundle curtain and the impregnated bamboo thin strips by using a conventional drying kiln, controlling the drying temperature at 60 ℃, drying until the water content is 15%, finishing drying, placing the materials in a balancing chamber for balancing treatment, controlling the temperature of the balancing chamber at 30 ℃, controlling the relative humidity at 60%, and balancing treatment for 10 days to obtain the impregnated bamboo bundle curtain and the impregnated mixed bamboo thin strips after drying and balancing treatment.
(8) Assembly treatment: according to the target density of 0.85g/cm 3 After the mass ratio of the upper surface layer 1, the lower surface layer 2 and the core layer 3 of the plate blank in unit length is determined according to 0.4:1, the impregnated bamboo bundle curtain and the mixed bamboo skin after drying and balancing treatment are placed on a conveyor belt for continuous paving operation, and the batch structure is shown in fig. 2. The slab pavement adopts a layered sequential pavement mode, the lower surface layer 2 is firstly paved to impregnate the bamboo bundle curtain, then 100% of water-based fireproof flame-retardant solution is sprayed, an infrared dryer is used for evaporating the surface layer water, the surface temperature of the bamboo bundle is controlled at 80 ℃, and the surface layer water content of the dried bamboo bundle is about 15%; paving the mixed bamboo skin of the core layer 3 in a longitudinal, transverse or criss-cross non-directional arrangement mode; and finally, paving the surface layer, soaking the bamboo bundle curtain, spraying the water-based fireproof flame-retardant solution with the same concentration and quality, and evaporating the water on the surface layer through an infrared dryer. And cutting when the preset slab length is reached to obtain a slab with the length of 2m and the width of 1.5 m.
(9) Hot-press forming treatment: and (3) conveying the plate blank and the base plate together into a hot press through a conveying belt to perform hot press molding treatment, wherein the temperature of a hot press core layer is controlled at 135 ℃, the hot press pressure is controlled at 5.0MPa, and the hot press time is controlled to be 18min after the temperature of the plate blank core layer reaches a set temperature.
(10) Curing and machining treatment: stacking the formed slabs after hot press forming, wherein the upper and lower formed slabs are separated by a parting bead with the thickness of 25mm and the width of 35mm during stacking, the formed slabs on the same layer are close to each other, and the gap between the parting beads on the same layer is 40 cm; and placing the formed slab in a balance warehouse for curing for 12 days. And after the maintenance is finished, machining the maintained plate blank by using a plate cutting saw, a sliding table saw and the like to obtain the high-strength bamboo composite recombined material.
The high-strength bamboo composite recombined material with the three-layer mixed structure produced by the embodiment has the length of 2m, the width of 1.5m and the actual density of 0.83g/cm 3 The flexural modulus of elasticity was 19000 MPa. Compared with the laminated bamboo skin material produced by the prior art, the transverse tensile strength-weight ratio of the laminated bamboo skin material is increased by 35%, the total heat release amount and the total smoke generation amount are respectively reduced by 50% and 80%, the ignition time is prolonged by 90%, and the transverse tensile strength-weight ratio of the plate blank and the flatness of the material surface are also improved while the fireproof and flame-retardant performance is remarkably improved.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make numerous possible variations and modifications to the present invention, or modify equivalent embodiments to equivalent variations, without departing from the scope of the invention, using the teachings disclosed above. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the technical scheme of the present invention, unless the technical spirit of the present invention departs from the content of the technical scheme of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides a high-strength bamboo composite recombined material, includes top layer (1), lower top layer (2) and sandwich layer (3), top layer (1) and lower top layer (2) set up its characterized in that about sandwich layer (3) symmetry: the upper surface layer (1) or the lower surface layer (2) is a natural color bamboo bundle layer or a light carbon bamboo bundle layer which is subjected to flame retardant treatment, the core layer (3) is a mixed bamboo skin layer which is not subjected to flame retardant treatment, the mixed bamboo skin layer comprises a common dry heat treatment radial bamboo skin and an overheated steam heat treatment radial bamboo skin, and the common dry heat treatment radial bamboo skin comprises a natural color radial bamboo skin or a light carbon radial bamboo skin; the density of the high-strength bamboo composite recombined material is 0.7-1.2 g/cm 3 The flexural modulus of elasticity is 18000-30000 MPa;
the common drying heat treatment radial bamboo skin is dried at a temperature not higher than 100 ℃, and the superheated steam heat treatment radial bamboo skin is subjected to superheated steam treatment at a temperature of 190-210 ℃;
the upper surface layer (1) or the lower surface layer (2) is formed by paving bamboo bundle curtains in a continuous longitudinal extension mode, and the core layer (3) is formed by paving mixed bamboo splits in a longitudinal and transverse arrangement mode or a vertically and horizontally staggered non-directional arrangement mode.
2. The high strength bamboo composite lumber according to claim 1, wherein: the ratio of the total mass of the bamboo bundles on the upper surface layer (1) and the lower surface layer (2) to the mass of the mixed bamboo skin on the core layer (3) is 0.3-1: 1; the mass ratio of the common heat-treated radial bamboo skin to the superheated steam heat-treated radial bamboo skin is 1: 0.1-0.3.
3. The method for manufacturing a high-strength bamboo composite reconstituted material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively drying the bamboo bundle curtain and the mixed bamboo strips until the water content is 5-20%; the mixed bamboo splits comprise common dry heat treatment radial bamboo splits and superheated steam heat treatment radial bamboo splits;
s2, performing gum dipping treatment on the bamboo bundle curtain and the mixed bamboo splits obtained in the step S1;
the impregnation treatment of the bamboo bundle curtain specifically comprises the following steps: placing the bamboo bundle curtain in a high-pressure impregnation treatment tank, and performing impregnation treatment in a phenolic resin adhesive with the solid content of 20-30%;
the gum dipping treatment of the mixed bamboo splits specifically comprises the following steps: placing the mixed bamboo splits in a normal-pressure dipping treatment tank, and carrying out dipping treatment in a phenolic resin adhesive with the solid content of 15-40%;
s3, drying and balancing the bamboo bundle curtain and the mixed bamboo splits obtained in the step S2 to enable the water content of the bamboo bundle curtain and the mixed bamboo splits to be 10-20%;
s4, assembling the bamboo bundle curtain and the mixed bamboo splits obtained in the step S3;
when assembling, firstly paving the bamboo bundle curtain into the lower surface layer (2), spraying a water-based fireproof flame-retardant solution, and evaporating the moisture of the bamboo bundles on the lower surface layer (2) through an infrared dryer; then paving the mixed bamboo splits into a core layer (3); finally, paving the bamboo bundle curtain into an upper surface layer (1), spraying a water-based fireproof flame-retardant solution, and evaporating the moisture of the bamboo bundles on the upper surface layer (1) through an infrared dryer; cutting off when the preset slab length is reached to obtain a slab;
s5, carrying out post-treatment after hot press forming on the plate blank obtained in the step S4 to obtain a high-strength bamboo composite recombined material;
in the step S1, the common radial dried heat-treated bamboo skin is a bamboo skin dried at a temperature not exceeding 100 ℃, and the radial superheated steam heat-treated bamboo skin is a bamboo skin subjected to superheated steam treatment at a temperature of 190 to 210 ℃;
in the step S4, the bamboo bundle curtain is continuously and longitudinally extended and paved to form an upper surface layer (1) or a lower surface layer (2), and the mixed bamboo splits are paved to form a core layer (3) in a longitudinally, transversely or longitudinally and transversely staggered non-directional arrangement mode.
4. The manufacturing method according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the step S4, the fireproof flame-retardant solution is an ammonium polyphosphate solution with the mass concentration of 40-140%; when the infrared dryer is used, the surface temperature of the bamboo bundles is 60-80 ℃, and the surface water content of the dried bamboo bundles is not more than 20%.
5. The manufacturing method according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the step S2, the impregnation treatment of the bamboo bundle curtain specifically includes the following steps: and (3) placing the bamboo bundle curtain after the balance treatment in a high-pressure impregnation tank for pre-vacuum treatment, keeping for 5-10 min, adding a phenolic resin adhesive with the solid content of 20-30% until the bamboo bundle curtain is completely soaked, raising the pressure of the solution in the high-pressure impregnation tank to 0.4-1.2 MPa, maintaining the pressure for 10-20 min, releasing the pressure for post-vacuum treatment, releasing the pressure again, taking out the bamboo bundle curtain, and draining to obtain the bamboo bundle curtain after the impregnation treatment.
6. The manufacturing method according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that: in the step S5, during the hot press forming, the temperature of the slab core layer is 130 to 155 ℃, the hot press pressure is 3.0 to 6.0MPa, and the slab core layer is kept for 10 to 30min after the temperature of the slab core layer reaches the set temperature.
7. The manufacturing method according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that: in the step S1, the method for preparing the bamboo bundle curtain includes the following steps: cutting moso bamboos into bamboo tubes with the length of 1-2 m, radially cutting the bamboo tubes into bamboo chips with the width of 20-60 mm, and then untwining the bamboo chips without bamboo green into bamboo bundles; uniformly matching the big ends and the small ends of the bamboo bundles, and using the knitting yarns to be connected in parallel and sewn into a curtain; the width of the bamboo bundle curtain is equal to the length of the bamboo bundle.
8. The manufacturing method according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that: in the step S1, the preparation method of the bamboo splits includes: cutting the moso bamboo into a bamboo tube with the length of 1-2 m, and cutting the bamboo tube into radial bamboo splits with the thickness of 0.5-3 mm along the radial direction.
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