CN113290107A - Composite impact body, impact hydraulic forming equipment and impact hydraulic forming method - Google Patents
Composite impact body, impact hydraulic forming equipment and impact hydraulic forming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113290107A CN113290107A CN202110564767.7A CN202110564767A CN113290107A CN 113290107 A CN113290107 A CN 113290107A CN 202110564767 A CN202110564767 A CN 202110564767A CN 113290107 A CN113290107 A CN 113290107A
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- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
- B21D26/021—Deforming sheet bodies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
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Abstract
The invention relates to a composite impact body, impact hydraulic forming equipment and an impact hydraulic forming method, which mainly adopt the technical scheme that: a composite impact body includes a primary impact structure and a secondary impact structure. Wherein, the primary impact structure is provided with a closed cavity; the secondary impact structure is positioned in the closed cavity of the primary impact structure and can move in the closed cavity along the impact direction; wherein, in an impact hydroforming process: after the primary energy is released, the composite impact body moves, when the primary impact structure contacts the liquid level of the liquid chamber and stops moving, the secondary impact structure can continue moving along the impact direction in the closed cavity, and after moving for a set distance, the primary impact structure is impacted, so that the secondary impact loading on the blank under the single energy release is realized, the energy is fully utilized, the energy loss in the impact hydraulic forming process is reduced, and more importantly, under the action of the composite impact body, the forming performance of the material is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high strain rate forming, in particular to a composite impact body, impact hydraulic forming equipment and an impact hydraulic forming method.
Background
Impact hydroforming belongs to a high strain rate forming technology, and the technical principle is that hydroforming and impact forming are organically combined, a high-speed impact body strikes the surface of a liquid chamber to generate impact waves, and the impact waves are transmitted through a liquid medium and act on a blank, so that a final workpiece is formed. The technology is mainly applied to the processing and manufacturing fields of aviation, automobile industry, precision instruments and the like.
The existing impact hydraulic forming equipment mainly utilizes an impact power source generating device to drive a solid metal impact body, so that the solid metal impact body is instantaneously accelerated to a high strain rate range. Different impact velocities and impact pressures can be achieved by varying the mass of the solid impact body. In addition, different shapes of the impact body will also affect the generation and propagation of the shock wave.
However, the inventors of the present invention have found that the existing impact hydroforming apparatus has at least the following technical problems: the impact power source generating device can only drive the solid impact body to perform single impact, and if secondary loading is required, the impact body needs to be reset again, and the impact power source generating device is started again; this will lead to the disadvantages of tedious operation, long time consumption, low efficiency, etc.; more importantly, the energy loss during a single strike is severe.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a composite impact body, an impact hydroforming apparatus and an impact hydroforming method, and mainly aims to achieve secondary impact loading on a blank under single energy release, so as to fully utilize energy and reduce energy loss in the impact hydroforming process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention mainly provides the following technical scheme:
in one aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a composite impact body for use on an impact hydroforming apparatus, wherein the composite impact body comprises:
a primary impact structure having a closed cavity;
the secondary impact structure is positioned in a closed cavity of the primary impact structure and can move in the closed cavity along an impact direction;
wherein, in an impact hydroforming process: after the primary energy is released, the composite impact body moves, when the primary impact structure contacts the liquid level of the liquid chamber and stops moving, the secondary impact structure can continue to move in the closed cavity along the impact direction, and after the primary impact structure moves for a set distance, the secondary impact structure impacts the primary impact structure.
Preferably, the primary impact structure comprises:
the primary impact body is provided with a groove structure;
the baffle, the baffle with the one-level strikes the body coupling, is used for the shutoff groove structure's notch, in order with groove structure forms the closed cavity of one-level impact structure.
Preferably, the secondary impact structure comprises:
the secondary impact body is of an integrated structure or a separated structure;
the adjusting device is connected with the secondary impact body and used for adjusting the longitudinal spacing distance H between the secondary impact structure and the closed cavity;
the longitudinal direction of the secondary impact structure and the closed cavity is parallel to the impact direction; the set distance is equal to the longitudinal separation distance H;
when the secondary impact structure is in contact with the baffle, the distance between the secondary impact structure and the groove bottom of the groove structure is the longitudinal spacing distance H;
preferably, the longitudinal separation distance H ranges from: h is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to L2-L3(ii) a Wherein, L is2The longitudinal length of the closed cavity is the distance between the baffle and the bottom of the groove structure; said L3Is the longitudinal length of the secondary impact body.
Preferably, the secondary impact body is of an integrated structure; wherein the secondary impactor has a first end and a second end disposed opposite to each other; the first end of the secondary impact body is arranged close to the baffle, and the second end of the secondary impact body is arranged close to the groove bottom of the groove structure of the primary impact body; the adjusting device comprises a stud adjusting structure; the stud adjusting structure is connected with the first end of the secondary impact body; wherein the longitudinal separation distance H between the secondary impact structure and the enclosed cavity is adjusted by adjusting the depth to which the stud adjustment structure is screwed into the first end of the secondary impact body.
Preferably, the secondary impact body is of a separated structure; wherein the secondary impactor comprises a first portion and a second portion that are oppositely disposed; the adjusting device comprises a stud adjusting structure; the stud adjustment structure is located between the first portion and the second portion, and one end of the stud adjustment structure is connected with the first portion and the other end is connected with the second portion; wherein the longitudinal separation distance H between the secondary impact structure and the enclosed cavity is adjusted by adjusting the depth to which the stud adjustment structure is screwed into the first portion and/or the second portion.
Preferably, the secondary impact body is of a separated structure; wherein the secondary impactor comprises a first portion and a second portion that are oppositely disposed; the adjusting device comprises a sliding rail adjusting structure; the sliding rail adjusting structure is positioned between the first part and the second part, one end of the sliding rail adjusting structure is connected with the first part, and the other end of the sliding rail adjusting structure is connected with the second part; preferably, the slide rail adjusting structure comprises a first slide rail, a second slide rail and a fastener; wherein the first slide rail is connected with the first part and the second slide rail is connected with the second part; the fastener is used for connecting the first slide rail and the second slide rail, wherein a plurality of fastener holes are formed in the first slide rail and the second slide rail, and the longitudinal spacing distance H between the secondary impact structure and the closed cavity is adjusted by adjusting the relative positions of the first slide rail and the second slide rail.
In another aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide an impact hydroforming apparatus, wherein the impact hydroforming apparatus includes the composite impact body of any of the above.
In another aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an impact hydroforming method, in which an impact hydroforming apparatus is used to perform impact hydroforming on a blank; wherein the impact body used in impact hydroforming is the composite impact body described in any one of the above.
Preferably, the impact hydroforming method comprises the steps of:
placing a blank and filling liquid: placing the blank on a lower die of an impact hydraulic forming device, controlling a main cylinder and a blank holder of the device to move downwards until a preset blank holder force is reached, and filling liquid into a liquid chamber;
adjusting process parameters: selecting a composite impact body according to forming process parameters, and adjusting a longitudinal separation distance H value between a secondary impact structure in the composite impact body and a closed cavity through an adjusting device;
an impact step: starting the energy generating device, and releasing energy after reaching a preset energy value; after primary energy is released, the primary impact body impacts the liquid level of the liquid chamber within set time, and formed impact waves are transmitted through a liquid medium and act on the blank to enable the blank to be subjected to plastic deformation; when the primary impact body contacts the liquid level of the liquid chamber and stops moving, the secondary impact body continues to move for a set distance along the impact direction in the sealed cavity of the primary impact structure, generates impact waves after colliding with the primary impact body, and transmits the impact waves to the blank through the primary impact body and the liquid chamber to realize secondary impact loading on the blank;
preferably, the impact hydroforming method further comprises:
taking out the parts: and lifting the main cylinder, removing the residual liquid medium, and taking out the formed part.
Preferably, in the impacting step:
when the primary impact body contacts the liquid level of the liquid chamber and stops moving, the secondary impact body is at an initial speed V0The device moves continuously in the closed cavity along the impact direction; wherein,
wherein h is the distance between the composite impact body and the liquid level of the liquid chamber at the initial position;
m1 is the mass of the primary impact body, m2 is the mass of the secondary impact body;
e is a preset energy value.
Compared with the prior art, the composite impact body, the impact hydroforming equipment and the impact hydroforming method have the following beneficial effects:
the composite impact body provided by the embodiment of the invention is characterized in that a first-stage impact structure and a second-stage impact structure are designed, a closed cavity is designed on the first-stage impact structure, the second-stage impact structure is arranged in the closed cavity, and the second-stage impact structure can move in the closed cavity along the impact direction. The above arrangement is in an impact hydroforming process: after the primary energy is released, the composite impact body moves, when the primary impact structure contacts the liquid level of the liquid chamber and stops moving, the secondary impact structure can continue moving along the impact direction in the closed cavity, after moving for a set distance, the primary impact structure is impacted, and under the condition of realizing the primary energy release, the blank is impacted at high speed twice continuously, so that the secondary impact loading on the blank under the single energy release can be realized, the energy is fully utilized, the energy loss in the process of impact hydroforming is reduced, and the forming performance of the material at room temperature is improved.
Further, according to the composite impact body provided by the embodiment of the invention, the primary impact structure is designed into the primary impact body with the groove structure and the baffle for plugging the notch of the groove structure, so that the secondary impact structure is conveniently placed in the closed cavity of the primary impact structure, the secondary impact structure is also conveniently replaced, and the longitudinal spacing distance H between the secondary impact structure and the closed cavity is conveniently adjusted.
Further, the composite impact body provided by the embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the secondary impact structure is designed into the secondary impact body and the adjusting device, wherein the adjusting device is used for adjusting the longitudinal spacing distance H between the secondary impact structure and the closed cavity, and further adjusting the set distance which the secondary impact structure can move in the closed cavity along the impact direction, so that the impact energy of the secondary impact structure is adjusted, and the precise forming is realized according to the forming characteristics of different materials.
In summary, the composite impact body, the impact hydroforming device and the impact hydroforming method provided by the embodiment of the invention realize two times of continuous high-speed impact on the blank under the condition of one-time energy release, reduce energy loss and improve the material forming performance under impact hydroforming. In addition, the impact energy of the secondary impact body can be controlled by designing the value of the longitudinal separation distance H between the secondary impact structure and the closed cavity, and the precise forming can be realized according to the forming characteristics of different materials. The composite impact body provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, easiness in processing, simplicity in operation of the forming method and easiness in implementation. The method can provide guidance for developing the forming process of room-temperature materials which are difficult to deform and parts with large drawing ratio and large expansion rate.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood and to implement them in accordance with the contents of the description, the following detailed description is given with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a composite impact body installed in an impact hydroforming apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention in an impact hydroforming operation;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the movement of the composite impactor of FIG. 1 after a single energy release;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the primary impactor contacting the liquid surface of the liquid chamber and stopping movement of the secondary impactor after the primary energy release of the composite impactor in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the primary and secondary impingement bodies of the composite impingement body of FIG. 1 at the completion of formation;
FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating the increase in the forming limit of the composite impactor of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of one configuration of the composite impactor of FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is another schematic structural view of the composite impact body of FIG. 1;
FIG. 8 is another schematic structural view of the composite impact body of FIG. 1;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a slide rail adjusting structure.
Detailed Description
To further explain the technical means and effects of the present invention adopted to achieve the predetermined object, the following detailed description of the embodiments, structures, features and effects according to the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" refers to not necessarily the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
Example 1
In one aspect, the present embodiment provides a composite impact body for use in an impact hydroforming apparatus, as shown in fig. 1 to 4 and fig. 6 to 8, the composite impact body of the present embodiment includes a primary impact structure 1 and a secondary impact structure 2; wherein the primary impingement structure 1 has a closed cavity. The secondary impact structure 2 is located in the closed cavity of the primary impact structure 1 and can move in the closed cavity along the impact direction (or move in the closed cavity along the direction opposite to the impact direction, i.e. can move longitudinally in the closed cavity). Wherein, in an impact hydroforming process: after the primary energy is released, the composite impact body moves (see fig. 2), when the primary impact structure 1 contacts the liquid level of the liquid chamber 3 and stops moving, the secondary impact structure 2 can continue to move in the closed cavity along the impact direction (see fig. 3), and after moving for a set distance, the primary impact structure 1 is impacted (see fig. 4), so that the blank is impacted at high speed twice continuously under the condition of primary energy release, secondary impact loading on the blank 5 under single energy release can be realized, the energy is fully utilized, the energy loss in the process of impact hydroforming is reduced, and the forming performance of the material at room temperature is improved.
It is explained here that the design concept of the composite impact body of the present embodiment is: by designing the primary impact structure 1 and the secondary impact structure 2, a closed cavity is designed on the primary impact structure 1, and the secondary impact structure 2 is arranged in the closed cavity.
The set distance over which the secondary impact structure 2 can travel in the direction of impact in the closed space is determined by the longitudinal distance H between the secondary impact structure 2 and the closed space (here, the direction of impact is in the longitudinal direction of the closed space, the secondary impact structure 2, H being the longitudinal length L of the closed space2Longitudinal length L of secondary impact structure1) (ii) a The H value may determine the impact energy of the secondary impact structure 2. Here, on the one hand, multiple sizes of composite impact bodies can be designed, each of which can have a different H value to suit different blanks; on the other hand, the above-mentioned H value of the composite impact body can be made adjustable (see example 3 for a specific embodiment).
Example 2
Preferably, the present embodiment provides a composite impact body, compared to the previous embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to 4 and fig. 6 to 8, the present embodiment further designs the primary impact structure 1 as follows:
the primary impact structure 1 includes: a primary impact body 11 and a baffle 12. Wherein, the primary impact body 11 has a groove structure; the baffle 12 is connected with the primary impact body 11 and used for plugging the notch of the groove structure so as to form a closed cavity of the primary impact structure 1 with the groove structure. Preferably, the baffle 12 is connected to the primary impact body 11 by fasteners, preferably bolts.
Here, the compound impact body that this embodiment provided through with one-level impact structure 1 design one-level impact body 11 that has groove structure and baffle 2 that is used for shutoff groove structure's notch, set up like this, conveniently arrange second grade impact structure 2 in one-level impact structure 1's closed cavity, also conveniently change second grade impact structure 2 and conveniently adjust second grade impact structure 2 and close the vertical interval distance H between the cavity.
Example 3
Preferably, the present embodiment provides a composite impact body, compared to the previous embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to 4 and fig. 6 to 8, the present embodiment further designs the secondary impact structure 2 as follows:
the secondary impact structure 2 comprises a secondary impact body 21 and an adjustment device 22. Wherein the adjusting device 22 is connected with the secondary impact body 21 for adjusting the longitudinal separation distance H between the secondary impact structure 2 and the closed cavity (i.e. the longitudinal length L of the closed cavity)2Longitudinal length L of secondary impact structure1The difference). Wherein, the longitudinal direction of the secondary impact structure 2 and the closed cavity 1 is parallel to the impact direction; the set distance is equal to the longitudinal separation distance H. Wherein, when the secondary impact structure 2 contacts with the baffle 12 (or the groove bottom of the groove), the distance between the secondary impact structure 2 and the groove bottom of the groove structure (or the baffle 12) is the longitudinal spacing distance H.
Here, the range of the longitudinal spacing distance H is: h is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to L2-L3(ii) a Wherein L is2The longitudinal length of the closed cavity is the distance between the baffle 12 and the bottom of the groove structure; said L3Is the longitudinal length of the secondary impact body 21.
The compound impact body that this embodiment provided is through designing into second grade impact structure 2 and impacting body 21 and adjusting device 22 for the second grade, here, adjusting device 22 is used for adjusting second grade impact structure 2 and seals the longitudinal separation distance H between the cavity, and then can adjust the setting distance that second grade impact structure 2 moved along the impact direction in sealing the cavity, thereby the realization is adjusted the impact energy of second grade impact structure 2, with the shaping characteristic to different materials, realize accurate shaping.
According to the requirement of the forming process, the material of the secondary impact body 21 can be selected from metals such as steel, aluminum alloy, copper and copper alloy, but is not limited thereto.
The size and the dimension of the secondary impact structure 2 are adjustable, and different quality control can be realized through the dimension of the secondary impact structure 2 aiming at the formation of blanks made of different materials.
The secondary impact body 21 may be of an integral structure (as shown in fig. 6) or of a separate structure (as shown in fig. 7 and 8).
Example 4
Preferably, the present embodiment provides a composite impact body, compared to the previous embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to 4 and fig. 6 to 8, the present embodiment further designs the adjusting device 22 of the secondary impact structure 2, and herein, the present embodiment designs three ways, but is not limited thereto.
The first mode is as follows: if the secondary impact body 21 is an integrated structure, as shown in fig. 6, the adjusting device 22 is designed as a stud adjusting structure; wherein the secondary impact body 21 has a first end and a second end which are oppositely arranged; wherein, the first end of the secondary impact body 21 is arranged close to the baffle 12, and the second end of the secondary impact body 21 is arranged close to the groove bottom of the groove structure of the primary impact body 11. The stud adjusting structure is connected with the first end of the secondary impact body 21; wherein the longitudinal separation distance H between the secondary impact structure 2 and the closed cavity is adjusted by adjusting the depth to which the stud adjustment structure is screwed into the first end of the secondary impact body 21.
The second mode is as follows: if the secondary impact body 21 is a separate structure, as shown in fig. 7, the adjusting device 22 is designed as a double-headed bolt adjusting structure; wherein the secondary impact body 21 comprises a first portion and a second portion arranged oppositely; the stud adjusting structure is positioned between the first part and the second part, one end of the stud adjusting structure is connected with the first part, and the other end of the stud adjusting structure is connected with the second part; wherein the longitudinal separation distance H between the secondary impact structure and the enclosed cavity is adjusted by adjusting the depth to which the stud adjustment structure is screwed into the first portion and/or the second portion.
The third mode is as follows: if the secondary impact body 21 is of a separate structure, as shown in fig. 8: the adjustment device 22 includes a slide adjustment structure; the secondary impact body comprises a first part and a second part which are oppositely arranged; the sliding rail adjusting structure is positioned between the first part and the second part, one end of the sliding rail adjusting structure is connected with the first part, and the other end of the sliding rail adjusting structure is connected with the second part; as shown in fig. 8 and 9, the slide rail adjusting structure includes a first slide rail 221, a second slide rail 222, and a fastener 223; wherein, the first slide rail 221 is connected with the first part, and the second slide rail 222 is connected with the second part; the fastener 223 is used for connecting the first slide rail 221 and the second slide rail 222, wherein a plurality of fastener holes are respectively formed in the first slide rail 221 and the second slide rail 222, and the longitudinal separation distance H between the secondary impact structure and the closed cavity is adjusted by adjusting the relative positions of the first slide rail 221 and the second slide rail 222 (specifically, when the first slide rail 221 and the second slide rail 222 perform relative movement, the fastener holes at different positions on the two slide rails overlap, and at this time, the two slide rails are fixed by the fastener 223 (e.g., a pin).
The compound impact body that this embodiment provided is through designing adjusting device into any one of stud adjustment structure, slide rail adjustment structure to realize adjusting secondary impact structure 2's longitudinal length, and then realize the regulation to secondary impact structure 2 and the vertical interval distance H between the closed cavity.
Example 5
The present embodiment mainly describes the composite impact body provided in the above embodiments and the use thereof in detail, as shown in fig. 1 to 4 and 6 to 8, the following are specific:
the mass of the primary impact body 11 in the primary impact structure 1 is m2First order shock knotThe diameter of the closed cavity of the structure 1 is D, and the longitudinal length of the closed cavity is L2(i.e., height L)2) The upper end of the primary impact body 11 has a number of threaded holes corresponding to the connection baffle 12. Preferably, the diameter of the baffle 12 is the same as that of the primary impact body 11, through holes with the same number as the number of the threaded holes corresponding to the primary impact body 11 are formed in the baffle, and the baffle is connected with the primary impact body 11 through bolts to form a sealed cavity.
The secondary impact body 21 in the secondary impact structure 2 has a mass m1The diameter D of the secondary impact body 21 can be less than or equal to the diameter D of the inner cavity of the primary impact body, and the longitudinal length of the secondary impact body is L3(i.e., height L)3)。
The composite impact body provided by the embodiment of the invention is applied to impact hydraulic forming equipment, when impact hydraulic forming is carried out, the primary impact body 11 (the primary impact structure 1) and the secondary impact body 21 (the secondary impact structure 2) are at initial positions before impact energy is released, specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the secondary impact body 21 is in contact with the groove bottom of the groove structure of the primary impact body 11, and at the moment, the distance between the secondary impact structure 2 and the baffle plate 12 is equal to H-L2-L1. When the primary impact body 11 (primary impact structure 1) obtains instantaneous acceleration under the action of impact energy after single energy release to move downwards, and strikes the surface of the liquid chamber 3 in a very short time, as shown in fig. 3, the primary impact body 11 is in contact with the liquid surface of the liquid chamber 3, and the speed of the primary impact body 11 is zero. The blank 5 is plastically deformed by the shock wave generated by the primary shock body 11 and partially conforms to the die 6. When the primary impact body 11 hits the liquid surface of the liquid chamber 3, the secondary impact body 21 (secondary impact structure 2) will have an initial velocity V0The downward movement is continued, and the movement distance is determined by H. Here, h is a distance between the composite impact body and the liquid surface of the liquid chamber 3 at the initial position before the impact energy is not released.
Wherein,
wherein h is the distance between the composite impact body and the liquid level of the liquid chamber at the initial position;
m1 is the mass of the primary impact body, m2 is the mass of the secondary impact body;
e is a preset energy value.
Here, it should be noted that: after the primary impact body 11 (primary impact structure 1) strikes the liquid level of the liquid chamber 5, the speed of the primary impact body 11 (primary impact structure 2) is reduced to zero and the primary impact body is stationary, and the secondary impact body 21 (secondary impact structure 2) continues to move downwards due to the existence of certain initial kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy. It is easy to understand that the closed cavity formed by the primary impact body 11 and the baffle 12 will limit the movement of the secondary impact body 21 (secondary impact structure 2), so that the secondary impact body 21 (secondary impact structure 2) is only limited to move at high speed in the closed cavity. The secondary impact body 21 (secondary impact structure 2) will eventually collide with the primary impact body 11 during high speed motion, which will cause the kinetic and potential energy of the secondary impact body 21 to be converted into impact energy.
In addition, it is easy to understand that when the diameter of the secondary impact body 21 is consistent with the diameter of the inner cavity of the primary impact body 11, the secondary impact body 21 is also subjected to the friction force f of the primary impact body 11 during the high-speed movement, and the friction force f will cause a certain loss to the kinetic energy and potential energy of the secondary impact body 21. It is considered that the impact energy E1 generated by the secondary impact body 21 under the influence of the collision and the frictional force f can be calculated according to the law of conservation of energy as follows:
the mass of the secondary impact body 21 is m1. When the diameter of the secondary impact body 21 is smaller than the diameter of the closed inner cavity of the primary impact body 11, there is no relative sliding friction between the secondary impact body 21 and the primary impact body 11, and the friction force f in the formula (2) is 0, that is, there is no friction force to do work and consume energy.
H in the above formula (2) can be set by the adjusting device 22. The setting of the H value is achieved by adjusting the depth to which the device 22 is screwed into the secondary impact body 21. It will be readily understood that the value H is maximized when the adjusting device 22 is completely screwed into the secondary impact body 21, i.e. H-L2-L3(ii) a And when the length of the part of the adjusting device 22 not screwed in is equal to (L)2-L3) When H is 0, the secondary impact body 21 will no longer have space to move at high speed. Therefore, the composite impact body has a practical function equivalent to that of a solid impact body used in an existing impact hydroforming apparatus.
Preferably, when the secondary impact body 3 is subjected to a high speed movement, the secondary impact body 3 will eventually collide with the primary impact body 4 and will generate a secondary shock wave which will be transmitted to the blank 5 through the liquid chamber 3. It will be readily appreciated that under the action of the secondary shock wave, the blank 5 is further deformed by the secondary shock wave loading, and at the same time, the impact hydroforming properties are improved.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the forming limit of aluminum alloy sheets in different types of impact bodies at room temperature. It can be seen that under the action of the composite impact body of the embodiment of the invention, the forming limit of the aluminum alloy plate is obviously improved compared with that of a solid impact body.
Example 6
In another aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an impact hydroforming method, in which an impact hydroforming apparatus is used to perform impact hydroforming on a blank; wherein, the impact body adopted in the impact hydroforming is the composite impact body of any one of the above embodiments.
According to the impact hydroforming method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the primary impact body 11 moves downwards at a high speed by controlling the single impact energy value and loading the primary impact body 11, the primary impact body 11 strikes the liquid level of the liquid chamber 3 in a very short time, the speed of the primary impact body 21 is reduced to zero after striking the liquid level, and the impact wave generated by the primary impact body 11 is transmitted to the blank 5 through the liquid chamber 3 and forces the blank 5 to generate plastic deformation. At the same time, secondary impact body 21 moves at a high speed at a certain initial speed in primary impact body 11, and will finally impact primary impact body 11, and the shock wave generated by the impact will also be transmitted to blank 5 through liquid chamber 3, and further plastic deformation of blank 5 will be forced. Under the impact generated by the secondary impact body 21, the blank 5 is further deformed by the secondary shock wave loading, and at the same time, the impact hydroforming performance is improved under the secondary shock wave loading.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, the impact hydroforming method according to the present embodiment includes the steps of:
placing a blank and filling liquid: the blank 5 is placed on a lower die 6 of the impact hydraulic forming equipment, and the main cylinder of the equipment and the blank holder 4 are controlled to move downwards until a preset blank holder force is reached. On the premise of ensuring that the sealing is finished, liquid is filled into the liquid chamber 3, and the liquid level height after liquid filling can be determined according to the material and the shape of an actual formed part;
adjusting process parameters: according to pre-optimized forming parameters, a composite impact body with proper size (such as a closed cavity with proper diameter), material and structure is selected, and the longitudinal separation distance H between the secondary impact structure 2 and the closed cavity in the composite impact body is adjusted through an adjusting device 22.
An impact step: and after the technological parameters are adjusted, starting an energy generating device on the equipment, and releasing energy after the preset energy value is reached. After the primary energy is released, the primary impact body 11 strikes the liquid surface of the liquid chamber 3 within a set time (within a very short time), and the formed impact wave is transmitted through a liquid medium and acts on the blank 5 to cause plastic deformation; when the primary impact body 11 contacts the liquid level of the liquid chamber 3 and stops moving, the secondary impact body 21 continues to move for a set distance along the impact direction in the sealed cavity of the primary impact structure 2, generates impact waves after colliding with the primary impact body 11, and transmits the impact waves to the blank 5 through the primary impact body 11 and the liquid chamber, so that secondary impact loading on the blank 5 is realized, and accurate forming of parts is finally completed.
Taking out the parts: and lifting the main cylinder, removing the residual liquid medium, and taking out the finally formed part.
Wherein, in the impacting stepThe method comprises the following steps: the endowment of different speeds of the primary impact body 11 and the secondary impact body 21 can be realized by adjusting the distance H between the liquid level of the primary impact body 11 and the liquid chamber 3 and the longitudinal spacing distance H between the secondary impact structure 2 and the closed cavity. When the primary impact body contacts the liquid level and stops moving, the secondary impact body is at an initial speed V0The device moves continuously in the closed cavity along the impact direction; wherein,
wherein,
wherein h is the distance between the composite impact body and the liquid level of the liquid chamber at the initial position;
m1 is the mass of the primary impact body, m2 is the mass of the secondary impact body;
e is a preset energy value.
In summary, the composite impact body, the impact hydroforming device and the impact hydroforming method provided by the embodiment of the invention are particularly suitable for realizing secondary impact loading on a blank under single energy release. By adopting the scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the defects that twice reset actions of the impact body and twice impact energy application are required to be executed if the secondary impact loading of the solid impact body is realized in the traditional impact hydraulic forming process are solved. The operation procedure is simplified, and the production efficiency is greatly improved. In addition, more importantly, by adopting the scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the utilization rate of single impact energy can be greatly improved, the energy loss in the traditional impact hydraulic forming process is reduced, and the forming performance of the metal plate at room temperature is improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A composite impact body for use in an impact hydroforming tool, said composite impact body comprising:
a primary impact structure having a closed cavity;
the secondary impact structure is positioned in a closed cavity of the primary impact structure and can move in the closed cavity along an impact direction;
wherein, in an impact hydroforming process: after the primary energy is released, the composite impact body moves, when the primary impact structure contacts the liquid level of the liquid chamber and stops moving, the secondary impact structure can continue to move in the closed cavity along the impact direction, and after the primary impact structure moves for a set distance, the secondary impact structure impacts the primary impact structure.
2. The composite impact body of claim 1, wherein the primary impact structure comprises:
the primary impact body is provided with a groove structure;
the baffle, the baffle with the one-level strikes the body coupling, is used for the shutoff groove structure's notch, in order with groove structure forms the closed cavity of one-level impact structure.
3. The composite impact body of claim 2, wherein the secondary impact structure comprises:
the secondary impact body is of an integrated structure or a separated structure;
the adjusting device is connected with the secondary impact body and used for adjusting the longitudinal spacing distance H between the secondary impact structure and the closed cavity;
the longitudinal direction of the secondary impact structure and the closed cavity is parallel to the impact direction; the set distance is equal to the longitudinal separation distance H;
when the secondary impact structure is in contact with the baffle, the distance between the secondary impact structure and the groove bottom of the groove structure is the longitudinal spacing distance H;
preferably, the longitudinal separation distance H ranges from: 0 is less than or equal toH≤L2-L3(ii) a Wherein, L is2The longitudinal length of the closed cavity is the distance between the baffle and the bottom of the groove structure; said L3Is the longitudinal length of the secondary impact body.
4. The composite impact body of claim 3, wherein said secondary impact body is a unitary structure; wherein,
the secondary impact body is provided with a first end and a second end which are oppositely arranged; the first end of the secondary impact body is arranged close to the baffle, and the second end of the secondary impact body is arranged close to the groove bottom of the groove structure of the primary impact body;
the adjusting device comprises a stud adjusting structure; the stud adjusting structure is connected with the first end of the secondary impact body; wherein the longitudinal separation distance H between the secondary impact structure and the enclosed cavity is adjusted by adjusting the depth to which the stud adjustment structure is screwed into the first end of the secondary impact body.
5. The composite impactor of claim 3, wherein the secondary impactor is a split structure; wherein,
the secondary impact body comprises a first part and a second part which are oppositely arranged;
the adjusting device comprises a stud adjusting structure; the stud adjustment structure is located between the first portion and the second portion, and one end of the stud adjustment structure is connected with the first portion and the other end is connected with the second portion;
wherein the longitudinal separation distance H between the secondary impact structure and the enclosed cavity is adjusted by adjusting the depth to which the stud adjustment structure is screwed into the first portion and/or the second portion.
6. The composite impactor of claim 3, wherein the secondary impactor is a split structure; wherein,
the secondary impact body comprises a first part and a second part which are oppositely arranged;
the adjusting device comprises a sliding rail adjusting structure; the sliding rail adjusting structure is positioned between the first part and the second part, one end of the sliding rail adjusting structure is connected with the first part, and the other end of the sliding rail adjusting structure is connected with the second part;
preferably, the slide rail adjusting structure comprises a first slide rail, a second slide rail and a fastener; wherein the first slide rail is connected with the first part and the second slide rail is connected with the second part; the fastener is used for connecting the first slide rail and the second slide rail, wherein a plurality of fastener holes are formed in the first slide rail and the second slide rail, and the longitudinal spacing distance H between the secondary impact structure and the closed cavity is adjusted by adjusting the relative positions of the first slide rail and the second slide rail.
7. An impact hydroforming device, characterized in that it comprises a composite impact body according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. An impact hydroforming method is characterized in that impact hydroforming is carried out on a blank by adopting impact hydroforming equipment; wherein the impact body used in impact hydroforming is the composite impact body according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
9. The impact hydroforming method according to claim 8, comprising the steps of:
placing a blank and filling liquid: placing the blank on a lower die of an impact hydraulic forming device, controlling a main cylinder and a blank holder of the device to move downwards until a preset blank holder force is reached, and filling liquid into a liquid chamber;
adjusting process parameters: selecting a composite impact body according to forming process parameters, and adjusting a longitudinal separation distance H value between a secondary impact structure in the composite impact body and a closed cavity through an adjusting device;
an impact step: starting the energy generating device, and releasing energy after reaching a preset energy value; after primary energy is released, the primary impact body impacts the liquid level of the liquid chamber within set time, and formed impact waves are transmitted through a liquid medium and act on the blank to enable the blank to be subjected to plastic deformation; when the primary impact body contacts the liquid level of the liquid chamber and stops moving, the secondary impact body continues to move for a set distance along the impact direction in the sealed cavity of the primary impact structure, generates impact waves after colliding with the primary impact body, and transmits the impact waves to the blank through the primary impact body and the liquid chamber to realize secondary impact loading on the blank;
preferably, the impact hydroforming method further comprises:
taking out the parts: and lifting the main cylinder, removing the residual liquid medium, and taking out the formed part.
10. The impact hydroforming method according to claim 9, wherein in the impacting step:
when the primary impact body contacts the liquid level of the liquid chamber and stops moving, the secondary impact body is at an initial speed V0The device moves continuously in the closed cavity along the impact direction; wherein,
wherein h is the distance between the composite impact body and the liquid level of the liquid chamber at the initial position;
m1 is the mass of the primary impact body, m2 is the mass of the secondary impact body;
e is a preset energy value.
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