CN113290022A - Method and apparatus for treating radioactive organic waste - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for treating radioactive organic waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN113290022A CN113290022A CN202110563556.1A CN202110563556A CN113290022A CN 113290022 A CN113290022 A CN 113290022A CN 202110563556 A CN202110563556 A CN 202110563556A CN 113290022 A CN113290022 A CN 113290022A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/02—Gases or liquids enclosed in discarded articles, e.g. aerosol cans or cooling systems of refrigerators
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
A method and an apparatus for treating radioactive organic waste, the method comprising: pretreating radioactive organic waste; freezing the pretreated organic waste; carrying out vacuum drying treatment on the organic waste after freezing treatment; and detecting radioactivity of gas and liquid generated in the vacuum drying process. According to the method and the equipment for treating the radioactive organic waste, the organic waste can be prevented from being rotted or breeding microorganisms due to high moisture content, and the gas and/or liquid containing radioactive elements can be prevented from being discharged into the external environment to pollute the environment by detecting the gas and the liquid generated in the organic waste treatment process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of waste treatment, in particular to a treatment device and a related treatment method for radioactive organic waste.
Background
With the development of science and technology, nuclear technology is widely applied to the fields of industry, agriculture, medicine, scientific research and the like, and attracts attention. At the same time, there is also an accompanying production of significant amounts of radioactive waste for nuclear applications, including considerable amounts of low or very low levels of radioactive waste. The radioactive waste generated in the medical and scientific industries accounts for the vast majority of low or very low levels of radioactive waste.
Wherein it comprises3H and/or14Low or/and very low levels of radioactive waste of C (e.g., whole blood and plasma, urine, bile, feces, tissue and carcasses of laboratory animals such as mice; plants or partial remains of plants such as wheat, corn, etc.) must first be disposed of in a manner that prevents such waste from rotting and developing bacterial microorganisms. At present, the conventional disposal method is to dispose the animal carcasses or organs after being soaked in formalin, soak the animal carcasses or organs in formalin solution as preservative treatment, and then take out the animal carcasses or organs for cement curing treatment. After the solidification treatment, the solid waste is transported to an urban waste treatment center for further storage and transportation treatment. The solidified body after the solidification treatment is dangerous to leak formalin solution, and the safety is not high. In addition, the disposal half-life of animal and plant carcasses or remains below 40 days and above 40 days are generally handled with preservative containment, but for compositions containing them3H and/or14The method for disposing of organic waste of C has no relatively mature treatment and disposal technique.
3H and/or14C is commonly used in research and medical applications for pharmaceutical experiments and markers, so a considerable part of the waste generated during the experiment is animal carcasses, plant debris or related pathological tissues, and a part of the waste is tools for the experiment, bedding for feeding animals, animal excretions, plant tracers, waste generated during plant metabolism, and the like. Some of these wastes, particularly animal carcasses and pathological tissues, present biological hazards, in addition to radioactive hazards, and are perishable and colonized by bacteria. Therefore, the radioactive organic waste needs to be treated before being stored, so as to prevent the biological risk.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method and apparatus for treating radioactive organic waste that overcomes or at least partially solves the above problems.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for treating radioactive organic waste, comprising:
pretreating radioactive organic waste;
freezing the pretreated organic waste;
carrying out vacuum drying treatment on the organic waste after freezing treatment; and
the radioactivity of the gas and liquid generated during the vacuum drying process is detected.
According to an embodiment of the method for treating radioactive organic waste, the pretreatment of radioactive organic waste includes freeze-drying protection and preservation of radioactive organic waste.
According to an embodiment of the method for processing radioactive organic waste, the pretreatment of radioactive organic waste further comprises crushing and screening the radioactive organic waste.
According to an embodiment of the method for processing radioactive organic waste, the freezing process of the pretreated organic waste comprises:
and carrying out vacuum treatment and cooling treatment on the organic waste.
According to an embodiment of the method for processing radioactive organic waste, the vacuum drying process of the organic waste after freezing process comprises:
and carrying out vacuum treatment and heating treatment on the organic waste.
According to an embodiment of the method for processing radioactive organic waste, before detecting the radioactivity of the gas generated in the vacuum drying process, the method further comprises performing flow monitoring and adsorption filtration processing on the gas generated in the vacuum drying process.
According to an embodiment of the method for treating radioactive organic waste of the present invention, the radioactive detection of the liquid generated during the vacuum drying process includes cooling and desublimating the gas generated during the vacuum drying process to generate a solid, generating the liquid at room temperature or in a heated state, and radioactive detection of the liquid.
According to one embodiment of the method for treating radioactive organic waste of the present invention, the method further comprises collecting and treating the liquid detected as not meeting the discharge standard.
According to one embodiment of the method for processing radioactive organic waste of the present invention, the method further comprises providing a shielded environment such that the processing is performed within the shielded environment.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a treatment apparatus for radioactive organic waste, the treatment apparatus comprising:
a housing;
a holding tank disposed within the housing, the holding tank for holding radioactive organic waste to be treated;
a temperature regulating assembly, a portion of which is disposed within the containment box, for regulating temperature for the containment box; and
the vacuumizing assembly is in fluid communication with the inner cavity of the containing box and is used for vacuumizing the inner cavity of the containing box;
the vacuum pumping assembly is characterized in that a first radioactive gas detection device is arranged at the exhaust end of the vacuum pumping assembly, the containing box is provided with an exhaust part communicated with outside fluid, and a second radioactive gas detection device is arranged in the exhaust part.
According to one embodiment of the apparatus for treating radioactive organic waste of the present invention, an adsorption filter member is provided in the exhaust end portion and the exhaust member.
According to one embodiment of the apparatus for treating radioactive organic waste of the present invention, an adsorption filter member is disposed at an air inlet end portion of the vacuum pump of the vacuum pumping assembly.
According to an embodiment of the apparatus for processing radioactive organic waste of the present invention, the evacuation assembly includes a vacuum pump and a cooling device disposed on a communication line between the vacuum pump and the holding tank.
According to one embodiment of the apparatus for processing radioactive organic waste, the cooling device comprises a cooling chamber in fluid communication with the holding tank and the vacuum pump, and a first cooling assembly disposed partially within the cooling chamber and cooling the cooling chamber.
According to one embodiment of the apparatus for the treatment of radioactive organic waste, according to the present invention, the first refrigeration assembly comprises a first compressor, a first cooling heat exchanger, a first expansion valve and a first water cooler, which are connected in series in sequence in fluid communication, and disposed within the cooling chamber.
According to an embodiment of the apparatus for treating radioactive organic waste, the refrigeration assembly further comprises a first heat exchanger for exchanging heat between a communication line between the first compressor and the first cooling heat exchanger and a communication line between the first expansion valve and the first water cooler.
According to one embodiment of the radioactive organic waste treatment equipment, the bottom of the cooling cavity is provided with a gravity flow liquid discharge channel with a downward inclined angle, and a first radioactive liquid detection device is arranged in the discharge channel.
According to an embodiment of the apparatus for processing radioactive organic waste, the apparatus further comprises a first temperature measuring device for measuring the temperature in the cooling chamber.
According to an embodiment of the apparatus for processing radioactive organic waste, the cooling device further comprises a first heating assembly for heating the cooling chamber.
According to an embodiment of the apparatus for treating radioactive organic waste of the present invention, the temperature adjusting assembly includes a second cooling assembly cooling the accommodating box and a second heating assembly heating the accommodating box.
According to one embodiment of the apparatus for treating radioactive organic waste of the present invention, the second refrigeration assembly includes a second compressor, a second cooling heat exchanger, a second expansion valve and a second water cooler which are sequentially connected in series in fluid communication.
According to an embodiment of the apparatus for treating radioactive organic waste, the second refrigeration unit further includes a second heat exchanger for exchanging heat between a communication line between the second compressor and the second cooling heat exchanger and a communication line between the second expansion valve and the second water cooler.
According to one embodiment of the apparatus for the treatment of radioactive organic waste, according to the present invention, said second heating assembly is adapted to heat a heat exchange medium and is fluidly connected to the inlet and outlet ends of said second cooling heat exchanger.
According to an embodiment of the apparatus for treating radioactive organic waste of the present invention, the apparatus further comprises a second temperature measuring part for measuring a temperature inside the containing box and a vacuum gauge for measuring a degree of vacuum inside the containing box.
According to one embodiment of the apparatus for the treatment of radioactive organic waste of the present invention, the housing comprises a radioactive shielding material.
According to one embodiment of the apparatus for treating radioactive organic waste of the present invention, the housing includes a heat insulating material.
According to the method for treating the radioactive organic waste, the organic waste containing radioactive substances is subjected to freezing treatment, so that the moisture in the waste is converted from a liquid state into a solid state, the moisture in the organic waste is further subjected to drying treatment in a vacuum state, the moisture is directly sublimated from the solid state into a gaseous state, the water vapor in the gaseous product is sublimated into a solid (namely, ice is generated) in a cooling cavity (which can be regarded as an equipment cold trap) of a refrigerating device, the ice can be melted into water under the room temperature or the heating condition, so that the water is directly collected and treated, and the rest gas can be directly collected and discharged through a gas collecting and discharging device. Therefore, organic waste can be prevented from being rotted or breeding microorganisms due to high moisture content, and in addition, gas and/or liquid containing radioactive elements can be prevented from being discharged to the external environment to pollute the environment through detection of the gas and the liquid generated in the organic waste treatment process.
Drawings
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of the invention which refers to the accompanying drawings, and may assist in a comprehensive understanding of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of treating radioactive organic waste according to one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for treating radioactive organic waste according to an embodiment of the present invention.
It is noted that the drawings are not necessarily to scale and are merely illustrative in nature and not intended to obscure the reader.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It should be apparent that the described embodiment is one embodiment of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the invention.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for treating radioactive organic waste according to the present invention includes: and S1, preprocessing the radioactive organic waste, and preprocessing the radioactive organic waste before freeze-drying the radioactive organic waste so as to enable the related processed object to better meet the requirements of the related freeze-drying treatment. Next, S2, the pretreated radioactive organic waste is frozen, and a low temperature is provided to the radioactive organic waste so that the organic waste with a high water content is frozen. Further, the radioactive organic waste after freezing treatment is vacuum-dried to reduce the water content, i.e., the radioactive organic waste is vacuum-dried. Finally, S4, the radioactivity detection is carried out on the gas and liquid generated in the drying process, and the object to be treated is waste containing reflective substances, so that the gas and liquid generated in the drying process need to be subjected to related detection, the gas and liquid are discharged under the condition of meeting related environmental protection requirements, and if the gas or liquid which does not meet related discharge standards is detected, the related gas and liquid can be further treated.
According to the method for treating the radioactive organic waste, the organic waste containing the radioactive substances is subjected to freezing treatment, so that the moisture in the waste is converted into a solid state from a liquid state, the moisture in the organic waste is further directly sublimated into a gaseous state from the solid state through vacuum drying treatment, and then the gas can be directly collected and discharged through the gas collecting and discharging device. Therefore, organic waste can be prevented from being rotted or breeding microorganisms due to high moisture content, and in addition, gas and/or liquid containing radioactive elements can be prevented from being discharged to the external environment to pollute the environment through detection of the gas and the liquid generated in the organic waste treatment process.
In the method for treating radioactive organic waste according to the present invention, the pretreatment of the radioactive organic waste may include freeze-drying protection and preservation of the radioactive organic waste, wherein the freeze-drying protection and preservation may be performed by applying a freeze-drying protector and a preservative to the radioactive organic waste.
Further, the pretreatment of the radioactive organic waste may further include crushing and screening the organic waste. Through carrying out crushing treatment to organic waste, can be with the waste of great volume crushing become the waste of the volume that is more convenient for handle or accords with the processing requirement more less. For example, the crushed organic waste can be more thoroughly processed during the freezing and drying process. In addition, there may be portions of the radioactive organic waste that do not require freeze-drying, for example, materials with low water content, and these materials can be separated, thereby improving the efficiency of radioactive organic waste treatment.
The freezing treatment of the pretreated organic waste in the method for treating radioactive organic waste according to the present invention may include vacuum treatment and temperature reduction treatment of the organic waste. The organic waste can be subjected to temperature reduction and freezing treatment while vacuumizing, or the organic waste can be subjected to vacuumizing firstly, and when the vacuum degree meets the corresponding requirement, the organic waste is subjected to temperature reduction and freezing treatment. Because the vacuumizing treatment is carried out, the oxygen content in the treatment environment is reduced, and the method is more favorable for inhibiting the propagation of microorganisms.
Then, after the temperature of the radioactive organic waste is lowered to a desired temperature, the moisture in the radioactive organic waste is completely converted from the original liquid form to the solid form, and then the radioactive waste is subjected to a vacuum drying process, which includes a vacuum treatment and a heating treatment. Since the heating is carried out in a vacuum state, the moisture in solid form in the radioactive organic waste is directly sublimated into gas, and here, part of the gas can be discharged after the detection, and the gas sucked by the vacuum can be subjected to the relevant detection and discharge after the liquefaction is completed.
The method can also comprise the steps of performing flow monitoring on the gas generated in the vacuum drying process and performing adsorption filtration treatment before performing radioactive detection on the gas generated in the vacuum drying process. The flow monitoring of the gas can be performed by providing a flow meter, where the gas can be subjected to adsorption filtration treatment by activated carbon, such as adsorption treatment of the gas by an activated carbon filter or an activated carbon fiber sieve, and toxic and harmful components in the gas can be removed by the adsorption filtration treatment, thereby reaching or being closer to the emission standard.
Further, the radioactivity detection of the liquid generated during the vacuum drying process may include performing a cooling desublimation process on the gas generated during the vacuum drying process to generate a solid from the gas, and finally generating the liquid at room temperature or in a heated state and detecting the radioactivity of the liquid. The gas may be cooled during evacuation to desublimate the gas to form a solid, and the desublimated solid may be liquefied at room temperature or under heating to form a liquid, which may be subjected to radioactivity detection. In case it is detected that the discharge standard is fulfilled, the liquid may be discharged.
The method for treating the radioactive organic waste further comprises collecting and treating the liquid which is detected to be not in accordance with the discharge standard. In case it is detected that the generated liquid does not meet the discharge standard, the liquid needs to be collected and further processed, for example it can be stored or cured by cement, and the cured object stored or otherwise disposed of.
Optionally, the method for treating radioactive organic waste according to the present invention further comprises the step of absorbing and treating the gas detected not to meet the emission standard by lye and discharging the gas.
In addition, the method for treating radioactive organic waste according to the present invention may further include providing a shielded environment so that the treatment process is performed in the shielded environment. That is, by providing a shielding environment, the radioactive substance can be shielded, and the influence of the radioactive organic waste treatment process on the surrounding environment can be minimized.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a radioactive organic waste treatment apparatus 10, as shown in fig. 2, which includes a housing (not shown), a receiving tank 12 disposed in the housing, a temperature regulating assembly 14 for regulating the temperature of the receiving tank 12, and a vacuum pumping assembly 16 for vacuum pumping the inner cavity of the receiving tank 12, wherein the receiving tank 12 is used for receiving radioactive organic waste to be treated, a plurality of partition plates may be disposed in the receiving tank 12, and the radioactive organic waste is disposed on each partition plate, and each partition plate may be provided with a heat exchange component, thereby performing good heat exchange on the partition plate. It is also possible to place a sample tray on each layer of the partition, and place the organic waste in the sample tray, thereby performing the relevant treatment on the organic waste. A portion of the temperature regulating assembly 14 is disposed within the containment tank 12 to provide temperature regulation of the containment tank 12, and a vacuum assembly 16 is in fluid communication with the interior cavity of the containment tank 12 to provide a desired vacuum level to the interior cavity of the containment tank 12. Further, a first radioactive gas detection device 162 is provided at an exhaust end portion of the vacuum pumping unit 16, the housing box 12 is provided with an exhaust member 122 in fluid communication with the outside, and a second radioactive gas detection device is provided in the exhaust member 122.
The apparatus 10 for treating radioactive organic waste according to the present invention may perform temperature adjustment of the organic waste placed in the container 12 by the temperature adjustment assembly 14 so that moisture in the radioactive organic waste is changed from a liquid state to a gaseous state, and a part of the gas is exhausted through the exhaust unit 122 provided on the container 12, detect the gas by the second radioactive gas detection device provided on the exhaust unit 122 before the gas is exhausted, determine whether radioactive materials are present therein, and perform gas exhaust in case that an exhaust standard is satisfied.
Further, an adsorption filter member, such as an activated carbon adsorption member, may be disposed in the exhaust end portion of the evacuation assembly 16 and the exhaust member 122 to adsorb and filter harmful substances in the gas passing through the adsorption filter member. Thereby allowing the gas produced to meet emission requirements or to better meet emission standards. Further, an adsorption filter member may be provided at an air inlet end portion of the vacuum pump 164 of the evacuation module 16.
The evacuation assembly 16 of the apparatus for treating radioactive organic waste 10 according to the present invention includes a vacuum pump 164 and a refrigerating device 166 disposed on a communication line between the vacuum pump 164 and the receiving box 12. The gas in the container 12 can be pumped out by the vacuum pump 164, and the gas pumped by the vacuum pump 164 is cooled and desublimated by the cooling device 166, so that the gas is converted into solid and finally into liquid under the room temperature or heating condition for collection, and the level of the liquid apparent radioactivity level is taken for subsequent treatment measures, such as discharging control or cement solidification and storage.
The refrigerating device 166 of the apparatus 10 for treating radioactive organic waste according to the present invention includes a cooling chamber 168 in fluid communication with the inner cavity of the containing box 12 and the vacuum pump 164, and a first refrigerating assembly 170 disposed partially within the cooling chamber 168 and refrigerating the cooling chamber 168. Here, the cooling chamber 168 may provide a temporary storage space for the gas pumped by the vacuum pump 164, and perform cooling and desublimation in the temporary storage space to form a solid. The cooling device 166 may further include a first heating assembly (not shown) for heating the cooling chamber 168, which may be a separate assembly from the first cooling assembly 170 or an assembly sharing part of the first cooling assembly 170, for example, the first heating assembly may be connected to both ends of the first cooling heat exchanger 174 of the first cooling assembly 170, and heat the cooling chamber 168 by heating the medium circulating in the first cooling heat exchanger 174, so as to melt the ice solidified in the cooling chamber 168, and collect and subsequently process the melted liquid.
The first refrigeration assembly 170 may include a first compressor 172, a first cooling heat exchanger 174 disposed within the cooling chamber 168, a first expansion valve 176, and a first water chiller 178, connected in series, in fluid communication, in that order. Further, the first refrigeration assembly 170 may further include a first heat exchanger 180, the first heat exchanger 180 being for heat exchanging a communication line between the first compressor 172 and the first cooling heat exchanger 174 and a communication line between the first expansion valve 176 and the first water cooler 178. Thereby enabling to improve the cooling efficiency of the first cooling module 170.
In order to collect the liquid that is eventually generated in the cooling chamber 168 at room temperature, a gravity flow liquid discharge channel 1682 is provided at the bottom of the cooling chamber 168 at a downward inclination angle, the discharge channel 1682 may extend outwardly from the bottom of the cooling chamber 168, such as through the housing of the processing apparatus to the outside of the housing, thereby discharging the liquid out of the housing, and a first radioactive liquid detection device 1682 is provided within the discharge channel 1682 for detecting and collecting the liquid discharged from the discharge channel 1682.
The apparatus 10 for treating radioactive organic waste according to the present invention may further include a first thermometric device 1684 for measuring a temperature of the gas within the cooling chamber 168. The rate at which the gas sublimes into solids can be known and controlled by measuring the temperature within the cooling chamber 168.
The temperature adjustment assembly 14 of the apparatus for treating radioactive organic waste 10 according to the present invention includes a second cooling assembly 142 for cooling the accommodating case 12 and a second heating assembly 144 for heating the accommodating case 12. The second cooling assembly 142 cools the container 12 to change the moisture in the radioactive organic waste from a liquid state to a solid state, and the second heating assembly 144 can change the moisture in the radioactive organic waste from the solid state to the gaseous state again, so as to facilitate the drying process of the radioactive organic waste.
Here, the second cooling member 142 may have the same or similar structure as the first cooling member 170, but may have a different structure. As shown in fig. 2, the second refrigeration assembly 142 includes a second compressor 1422, a second cooling heat exchanger 1424 disposed within the containment tank 12, a second expansion valve 1426, and a second water cooler 1428, which are connected in series in fluid communication in that order. Further, the second cooling module 142 may further include a second heat exchanger 1430, and the second heat exchanger 1430 is used to exchange heat between a communication line between the second compressor 1422 and the second cooling heat exchanger 1424 and a communication line between the second expansion valve 1426 and the second water cooler 1428. The second heat exchanger 1430 can improve the cooling efficiency of the second cooling module 142.
The second heating assembly 144 of the apparatus for the treatment of radioactive organic waste 10 according to the present invention is for heating a heat exchange medium and is fluidly connected to the inlet and outlet ends of the second cooling heat exchanger 1424. Thereby, the second heating assembly 144 can heat the heat exchange medium in the second cooling heat exchanger 1424, thereby heating the accommodating case 12.
Further, the apparatus 10 for treating radioactive organic waste of the present invention may further include a second thermometric unit 102 for measuring the temperature inside the containing tank 12 and a vacuum gauge 104 for measuring the degree of vacuum inside the containing tank 12. The temperature measuring contacts of the second temperature measuring component 102 can be changed by manually moving the positions where the contacts of the measuring pipeline are placed, and the positions can include, but are not limited to, positions on each partition board in the containing box (for example, on a first layer sample tray, a second layer sample tray, and the like), positions in an inner cavity of the containing box (for measuring the air temperature therein), and positions on an inner wall of the containing box (for measuring the temperature of the containing box), and the monitored temperatures of the temperature measuring and controlling points can be displayed numerically on a control panel of the host computer and can be drawn into a temperature trend curve. Thus, the material processing efficiency and the material processing end point in the storage box 12 can be known and controlled according to the temperature and the vacuum degree in the storage box 12.
In order to avoid or reduce as much as possible the effect of the radioactive organic waste treatment apparatus on the environment during operation, the housing of the treatment apparatus may comprise a radioactive shielding material, for example the housing may be made of a shielding material, or a shielding material may be provided on the side walls of the housing. Environmental friendly flexible shielding material free of lead or castable lead or non-lead containing shielding material may also be applied to the exterior walls of the cooling chamber 168 and containment box 12 and other radioactive organic waste material and equipment that the gases therein can contact. The outer wall of the housing of the treatment device may also be coated with a lead-free magnetic or non-magnetic shielding coating, wherein the color and coating thickness of the shielding coating may be selected according to the specific shielding requirements. Further, the shell of the treatment equipment can also comprise a heat preservation and insulation material, and heat preservation treatment can be performed on the treatment equipment through the heat preservation and insulation material, so that energy is saved, and efficiency is improved.
In addition, the whole treatment process can be monitored and controlled by utilizing the control system and the electromagnetic valve arranged on the pipeline, for example, the temperature of the equipment can be measured through optical fiber real-time temperature measurement, the treatment material in the equipment is weighed in real time through the real-time weighing system, the water content in the material to be treated is obtained through real-time weighing, and the energy consumption can be tracked and measured.
According to the method and the equipment for treating the radioactive organic waste, the radioactive organic waste can be dried, so that the organic waste can be prevented from being decomposed and the breeding of microorganisms. When the activated carbon filter or the activated carbon fiber filter screen is additionally installed in the exhaust part 122 and at the front end and the rear end of the vacuum pump 164 (the analysis temperature (heating temperature after freezing) is set to be high, a dehumidifying agent or a dehydrating agent can be properly added according to the gas flow rate to avoid the blockage of the activated carbon filter), so that the volatile organic gas and other volatile gases generated in the organic waste treatment process can be filtered and adsorbed, and the discharged gas is ensured to meet the emission requirement or be close to the emission standard as much as possible.
The generated solid waste can be crushed, screened, mixed with quicklime and then stored after being solidified by cement or directly prepared and packaged, thereby meeting the collection and storage standards of a disposal site/urban waste warehouse. The detected liquid waste can be stored and transported after being solidified by cement under the condition that the liquid waste does not meet the discharge standard.
And devices such as video monitoring, weighing sensing, optical fiber temperature measurement and the like can be arranged on the outer side of the accommodating box. The container is internally provided with a partition board for bearing materials, the partition board and a tray arranged on the partition board can be made of different materials according to different properties of the materials, such as stainless steel, nickel-based alloy and the like, and an opening door plate of the container can be made of different materials according to different radiation levels and different ray types of the materials to be treated, such as common glass, lead-containing shielding glass or lead-free shielding glass.
The following are several examples of the treatment of radioactive organic waste.
Example 1
The experimental mouse is treated by adopting the treatment equipment or the treatment method, the freezing temperature is controlled at-90 ℃, the desorption heating temperature is controlled at 70 ℃, the desorption heating temperature is kept for 8 hours, the desorption temperature is kept at 60 ℃ for 40 hours, the mass fraction of the generated liquid waste is 50-68%, wherein the total organic carbon TOC is less than 150PPM, the water content of the obtained solid waste is less than 5%, the mass fraction is 32-40%, and the content of a volatile organic compound VOCX in the gas waste is less than 5 PPM.
Example 2
The corn residue wetted by rainwater is treated by adopting the treatment equipment or the treatment method, the temperature is controlled at-90 ℃, the heating temperature is controlled at 20 ℃, the corn residue is kept for 12 hours at the temperature of 20 ℃, the mass fraction of the obtained solid waste with the water content of less than 5 percent is 50-80 percent, wherein the TOC in the liquid product is less than 100PPM, and the content of VOCX in the gas waste is less than 5 PPM.
Example 3
The internal organs of the experimental mouse are treated by adopting the treatment equipment or the treatment method, the freezing temperature is controlled at-90 ℃, the heating temperature is controlled at 20 ℃, and the internal organs are kept for 24 hours at the temperature of 20 ℃, so that the mass fraction of the solid waste with the water content of less than 5 percent is 60 to 75 percent, wherein the TOC is less than 100PPM, and the content of VOCX in the gas waste is less than 5 PPM.
It should also be noted that, in the case of the embodiments of the present invention, features of the embodiments and examples may be combined with each other to obtain a new embodiment without conflict.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and the scope of the present invention is subject to the scope of the claims.
Claims (26)
1. A method of treating radioactive organic waste, the method comprising:
pretreating radioactive organic waste;
freezing the pretreated organic waste;
carrying out vacuum drying treatment on the organic waste after freezing treatment; and
the radioactivity of the gas and liquid generated during the vacuum drying process is detected.
2. The method for treating radioactive organic waste according to claim 1, wherein:
the pretreatment of the radioactive organic waste comprises freeze-drying protection and antiseptic treatment of the radioactive organic waste.
3. The method for treating radioactive organic waste according to claim 2, wherein:
the pretreatment of the radioactive organic waste also comprises the crushing and screening treatment of the radioactive organic waste.
4. The method for treating radioactive organic waste according to claim 1, wherein:
the freezing treatment of the pretreated organic waste comprises the following steps:
and carrying out vacuum treatment and cooling treatment on the organic waste.
5. The method for treating radioactive organic waste according to claim 1, wherein:
the vacuum drying treatment of the frozen organic waste comprises the following steps:
and carrying out vacuum treatment and heating treatment on the organic waste.
6. The method for treating radioactive organic waste according to claim 1, wherein:
before the radioactivity detection of the gas generated in the vacuum drying process, the flow monitoring and the adsorption filtration process are carried out on the gas generated in the vacuum drying process.
7. The method for treating radioactive organic waste according to claim 1, wherein:
performing radioactivity detection on the liquid generated during the vacuum drying process includes performing cooling and desublimation treatment on the gas generated during the vacuum drying process to generate a solid, generating the liquid at room temperature or in a heated state, and performing radioactivity detection on the liquid.
8. The method for treating radioactive organic waste according to claim 7, wherein:
the method further includes collecting and processing the liquid detected as not meeting the discharge criteria.
9. The method for treating radioactive organic waste according to claim 1, wherein:
the method also includes providing a shielded environment such that the process is executed within the shielded environment.
10. A treatment plant for radioactive organic waste, characterized in that it comprises:
a housing;
a holding tank disposed within the housing, the holding tank for holding radioactive organic waste to be treated;
a temperature regulating assembly, a portion of which is disposed within the containment box, for regulating temperature for the containment box; and
the vacuumizing assembly is in fluid communication with the inner cavity of the containing box and is used for vacuumizing the inner cavity of the containing box;
the vacuum pumping assembly is characterized in that a first radioactive gas detection device is arranged at the exhaust end of the vacuum pumping assembly, the containing box is provided with an exhaust part communicated with outside fluid, and a second radioactive gas detection device is arranged in the exhaust part.
11. The apparatus for treating radioactive organic waste of claim 10, wherein an adsorption filter member is provided in the exhaust end portion and the exhaust member.
12. The apparatus for treating radioactive organic waste according to claim 11, wherein an adsorption filter member is provided at an air inlet end portion of the vacuum pump of the vacuum pumping unit.
13. The apparatus for treating radioactive organic waste according to claim 10, wherein the evacuation assembly includes a vacuum pump and a cooling device disposed on a communication line between the vacuum pump and the holding tank.
14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the cooling device comprises a cooling chamber in fluid communication with the holding tank and the vacuum pump, and a first cooling assembly partially disposed within the cooling chamber and cooling the cooling chamber.
15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the first refrigeration assembly comprises a first compressor, a first cooling heat exchanger, a first expansion valve, and a first water cooler connected in series in fluid communication in series with one another within the cooling chamber.
16. The apparatus for processing radioactive organic waste of claim 15, wherein the refrigeration assembly further comprises a first heat exchanger for exchanging heat between a communication line between the first compressor and the first cooling heat exchanger and a communication line between the first expansion valve and the first water cooler.
17. The apparatus for treating radioactive organic waste of claim 14, wherein the bottom of the cooling chamber is provided with a gravity flow liquid discharge channel inclined downward, and a first radioactive liquid detection device is provided in the discharge channel.
18. The apparatus for processing radioactive organic waste of claim 14, further comprising a first temperature measuring device for measuring a temperature in the cooling chamber.
19. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the cooling device further comprises a first heating assembly for heating the cooling chamber.
20. The apparatus for treating radioactive organic waste of claim 10, wherein the temperature adjustment assembly comprises a second cooling assembly for cooling the container and a second heating assembly for heating the container.
21. The apparatus for processing radioactive organic waste of claim 20, wherein the second refrigeration assembly comprises a second compressor, a second cooling heat exchanger, a second expansion valve and a second water cooler connected in series in fluid communication in series in sequence within the holding tank.
22. The apparatus for processing radioactive organic waste of claim 21, wherein the second refrigeration assembly further comprises a second heat exchanger for exchanging heat between a communication line between the second compressor and the second cooling heat exchanger and a communication line between the second expansion valve and the second water cooler.
23. The apparatus for processing radioactive organic waste of claim 20, wherein the second heating assembly is adapted to heat a heat exchange medium and is fluidly connected to the inlet and outlet ends of the second cooling heat exchanger.
24. The apparatus for treating radioactive organic waste according to claim 10, further comprising a second temperature measuring part for measuring a temperature in the holding tank and a vacuum gauge for measuring a degree of vacuum in the holding tank.
25. The apparatus for processing radioactive organic waste of claim 10, wherein the housing comprises a radioactive shielding material.
26. The apparatus for processing radioactive organic waste of claim 25, wherein the housing comprises a thermal insulating material.
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| CN113290022B (en) | 2022-05-17 |
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