CN113281231A - Dynamic monitoring and analyzing method for emission of dust particles in road network - Google Patents
Dynamic monitoring and analyzing method for emission of dust particles in road network Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dynamic monitoring and analyzing method for the emission of dust particles in a road network. And (3) comprehensively considering parameters such as vehicle types, wind directions, wind speeds, vehicle speeds and the like based on the CFD model, carrying out vehicle flow field simulation, and calculating a response curved surface data set of 'vehicle speed-wind direction-dilution coefficient change proportion'. And fitting to obtain a reference flux area by taking the dust emission test and quantitative calculation results of the AP-42 method as constraints, establishing a dynamic response relation from the concentration of the airborne particles to the actual emission of the dust emission particles, and establishing an algorithm for the dynamic emission intensity of the dust emission particles of the road network and the total emission amount of the dust emission particles.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of air pollution monitoring and emission list calculation, in particular to a dynamic monitoring and analysis method for the emission of dust particles in a road network.
Background
The primary sources of urban road particulate matter include mainly exhaust emissions and non-exhaust processes. Sources of road non-exhaust particulates include: fine particles of mechanically worn tires and brake discs and raised dust formed by road dust which is re-suspended into ambient air under certain power conditions (wind power, motor vehicle rolling, crowd movement and the like). The quantity of motor vehicles in China reaches 4.91 hundred million by 2019, the importance of dust emission generated by the vehicles to the resuspension disturbance of the road dust accumulation is continuously improved, the proportion of the road dust emission in urban dust emission sources exceeds 1/3, and even the contribution of the road dust emission in southern cities with fewer building sites reaches 70%. The management and control of road dust emission is an important part of atmospheric pollution control and management and control schemes in various places. The monitoring and quantitative evaluation of the road dust source is a basic technical support for realizing standardization, normalization and long-term effect of dust control and striving to win a blue sky to defend attack and fight against solidness.
Existing monitoring and assessment schemes can be divided into the following categories:
1. and (5) weighing the road in a floating and sinking way. The device comprises a brush, a dust collector and the like, and is used for collecting and weighing the floating and sinking of the road surface sampling point so as to measure the road raised dust treatment condition. And the subsequent steps of sieving, drying and the like can be used for calculating the road dust load. In recent years, continuous dust collection or combination of a dust collection device and a weighing device is adopted to realize assessment of dust accumulation condition of an expressway. However, whether continuous dust collection weighing or sampling point dust collection weighing is adopted, the situation of only discrete points exists, and the dust raising situation of the road network cannot be comprehensively reflected.
2. Particulate matter monitoring rapid detection method. The method is generally to install a particle sensor at the tail part of the vehicle, or to install a sensor at the tail part or the roof of the vehicle at the same time, so as to build a road dust emission mobile monitoring vehicle. The dust emission condition is judged according to the difference value of the particulate matter concentration (or the environmental particulate matter concentration) of the tail part and the roof of the vehicle. By the method, a concentration difference map of the road network can be drawn, the strength of regional dust pollution can be judged, and the emission of the dust in the road network cannot be quantitatively given.
3. The U.S. environmental protection agency AP-42 method. The AP-42 method recommended by the EPA of the United states environmental protection agency is the most widely applied method for calculating the emission list of the dust sources, and the national guide for compiling the emission list of the dust sources is also used for reference. The AP-42 method is based on road dust load (mass of dust with geometric particle size less than 75 μm in unit area), and realizes fitting from the dust load to a test value through vehicle speed, particle size coefficient, vehicle weight and other corrections. The method mainly has the following three problems: 1) local emission differences are ignored based on sample point analysis calculations. The method needs a lot of time for sampling and testing the dust load, so that only limited sampling points can be selected for analysis. 2) And judging whether the flying dust is discharged or not by 0-1. The dust load method does not introduce humidity correction, rain is assumed during calculation, namely no raise dust is discharged, and the rest days are directly calculated. But the AP-42 method cannot evaluate actual emission under human intervention because the main roads of most cities in China have implemented a regular washing and sweeping policy at present. Although there are mobile dust collectors 15 and wet sampling devices developed.
Therefore, the monitoring and evaluation of the road dust emission can be carried out in various ways, such as the evaluation of the dust emission at certain points, or the evaluation of the relative emission intensity of the road network. However, no systematic method can simultaneously realize dynamic monitoring of the dust source of the road network and quantitative calculation of the dust emission amount.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a dynamic monitoring and analyzing method for the emission amount of road network dust particles, which can quantitatively evaluate the emission intensity of the road network dust particles of the whole road network in a certain area and the emission total amount of the road network dust particles.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the dynamic monitoring and analyzing method for the emission of the dust particles in the road network comprises the following steps:
step 1, acquiring environmental background particulate matter concentration and vehicle rear air mass particulate matter concentration through a test vehicle carrying an atmospheric pollutant detector to obtain sampling data;
step 2, establishing a dynamic response relation from the concentration of the air mass particles behind the vehicle to the actual emission of the dust particles;
and 3, calculating to obtain the dynamic emission intensity of the dust particles in the road network and the emission total amount of the dust particles by combining the sampling data and the dynamic response relation.
Further, as a preferred embodiment, a set of atmospheric pollutant detectors is respectively placed on the top and the tail of the test vehicle in step 1 to obtain the background particulate matter concentration and the concentration of the airborne particles behind the vehicle.
Further, as a preferred embodiment, the detection items of the atmospheric pollutant detector include: CO, PM2.5 and PM10, the temporal resolution of detection by the atmospheric pollutants detector being 1 second; a GPS is configured on the test vehicle to position and acquire the running speed information of the vehicle in real time, and the time resolution is 1 second; two particulate matter samplers are arranged at the tail of the vehicle, the sampling flow rate is set to be 16.7L/min, the cutting heads are respectively PM2.5 and PM10, and the sampling pump supplies power to the mobile power supply.
Further, as a preferred embodiment, in the step 2, by taking the dust emission test and quantitative calculation result of the AP-42 method as constraints, a dynamic response relationship from the concentration of the particulate matter in the air mass behind the vehicle to the actual emission of the dust particles is established, and a calculation formula for obtaining the dynamic emission intensity of the road dust particles is as follows;
EFi,j=γi,j×ci,j×S0×10-3
wherein, EFi,jThe unit is the corresponding raise dust j particulate matter discharge rate of position i: g/(km.vehicle); j indicates that the current dust particle is PM2.5Or PM10,ci,jThe concentration difference between the tail gas cluster particulate matter concentration of the flying dust j particulate matter corresponding to the i and the background particulate matter concentration is as follows: ug/m3;S0Is the reference flux area in units of: m is2。
Further, as a preferred embodiment, the step 2 specifically includes the following steps:
step 2-1, vehicle flow field simulation is carried out by comprehensively considering vehicle types, wind directions, wind speeds and vehicle speed parameters, different vehicle speeds and wind directions and wind speed matrix combinations are set, and a response curved surface data set gamma of 'vehicle speed-wind speed and wind direction-dilution coefficient change proportion' is calculated by using a CFD model;
2-2, correcting PM2.5 and PM10 data of the detector by using an off-line filter membrane particulate matter test result according to road dust emission data obtained by actual test of the test vehicle;
and 2-3, establishing a dynamic response relation by using a basic data set of 'speed-wind direction-dilution coefficient change proportion' according to dynamic test results of multiple driving states and multiple road conditions to obtain a calculation formula of the dynamic emission intensity of the road dust particles:
EFi,j=γi,j×ci,j×S0×10-3。
further, as a preferred embodiment, S is obtained by fitting the dust emission test and quantitative calculation result of the AP-42 method as a constraint in the step 2-30A numerical value; the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 2-3-1, modifying the sampler by using a mode of additionally installing a PTEF (Polytetrafluoroethylene) membrane on a particulate matter sampling membrane support, and collecting 1m at intervals of 200m2Obtaining sampling data from the road dust;
step 2-3-2, respectively calculating the dust accumulation load according to the sampling data of the road dust accumulation, wherein the calculation formula of the dust accumulation load is as follows:
in the formula: m0The unit is the mass of the dust sample: g; m is20、m100And m200The net weight of the standard sieve is respectively 20 meshes, 100 meshes and 200 meshes, and the unit is as follows: g; m20、M100And M200The weight sum of 20 meshes, 100 meshes and 200 meshes after sieving and the weight sum of oversize materials are respectively as follows: g; s is the sampling area, and the unit is: m is2;
And 2-3-3, calculating the flying dust emission according to the sampling data of the pavement dust, wherein the flying dust emission calculation formula is as follows:
sEFi,j=kj×(sLi)0.91×(W0)1.02
in the formula: sEi,jThe unit of the emission factor is as follows: g/(km.vehicle); k is a radical ofjFor the granularity multiplier of road raise dust jth kind particulate matter, the unit is: g/km; sLiLoad at position i, in units of: g/m2;W0Is the vehicle weight, and the unit is: t;
steps 2-3-4, use sEFi,jAnd EFi,jLinear fitting is carried out, and the reference flux area S is obtained through calculation0。
Further, as a preferred embodiment, the method for calculating the total emission amount of the dust particles in step 3 is as follows:
Ei,j=EFi,j×Ni×Li
wherein E isi,jThe unit is the emission of the particulate matter of the flying dust j corresponding to the road section i: g/day, j indicates that the current dust particles are PM2.5Or PM10;NiThe traffic flow of the road section i is represented by the following unit: vehicle/day; l isiIs the length of the section i, and has the unit: and km.
By adopting the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the method can measure the actual road dust emission under the actual road working condition, can calculate the total road network dust emission, and can be used for continuously tracking and supervising regional dust emission control.
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The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description;
fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a dynamic monitoring and analyzing method for the emission of dust particles in a road network according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention discloses a dynamic monitoring and analyzing method for the emission of dust particles in a road network, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, acquiring environmental background particulate matter concentration and vehicle rear air mass particulate matter concentration through a test vehicle carrying an atmospheric pollutant detector to obtain sampling data;
specifically, referring to the existing rapid detection method for road dust emission, a set of atmospheric pollutant detectors are respectively placed at the top and the tail of a test vehicle to respectively obtain the background particulate matter concentration and the concentration of the particulate matter in the air mass behind the vehicle. The detection items of the atmospheric pollutant detector include: CO, PM2.5 and PM10, the temporal resolution of detection by the atmospheric pollutants detector being 1 second; a GPS is configured on the test vehicle to position and acquire the running speed information of the vehicle in real time, and the time resolution is 1 second; two particulate matter samplers are arranged at the tail of the vehicle, the sampling flow rate is set to be 16.7L/min, the cutting heads are respectively PM2.5 and PM10, and the sampling pump supplies power to the mobile power supply.
And carrying out road non-tail gas particulate matter emission test by using the built vehicle-mounted test system. In order to avoid the influence of exhaust emission, a pure electric vehicle is used as a test vehicle. When the influence of the vehicle weight is researched, large, medium and small gasoline vehicles and freight vehicles are used for carrying out the research. And selecting a test road section according to the visible dust accumulation amount on the road surface and the test feasibility, and repeatedly carrying out multiple tests by using test vehicles with different speeds and different vehicle weights.
And testing the emission of the dust on the road based on the AP-42 method. In the road dust load monitoring method of the technical Specification for preventing and treating urban dust pollution in the test section, the sampler is modified by using a particle sampling membrane support to additionally install a PTEF membrane in a mode of considering the problem of great fine particle loss when a filter bag or an environment-friendly paper bag is used and a dust collector is used for collecting road dust, and 1m of collected dust is collected at intervals of 200m2The surface dust and the film particle sampling data are used for verifying the sensor result.
Step 2, establishing a dynamic response relation from the concentration of the air mass particles behind the vehicle to the actual emission of the dust particles;
in particular, the amount of the solvent to be used,
the step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 2-1, vehicle flow field simulation is carried out by comprehensively considering vehicle types, wind directions, wind speeds and vehicle speed parameters, different vehicle speeds and wind directions and wind speed matrix combinations are set, and a response curved surface data set gamma of 'vehicle speed-wind speed and wind direction-dilution coefficient change proportion' is calculated by using a CFD model;
2-2, correcting PM2.5 and PM10 data of the detector by using an off-line filter membrane particulate matter test result according to road dust emission data obtained by actual test of the test vehicle;
and 2-3, establishing a dynamic response relation by using a basic data set of 'speed-wind direction-dilution coefficient change proportion' according to dynamic test results of multiple driving states and multiple road conditions to obtain a calculation formula of the dynamic emission intensity of the road dust particles.
In the step 2, by taking the dust emission test and quantitative calculation results of the AP-42 method as constraints, establishing a dynamic response relation from the concentration of the particulate matters in the air mass behind the vehicle to the actual emission of the dust emission particulate matters, and obtaining a calculation formula of the dynamic emission intensity of the road dust emission particulate matters as follows;
EFi,j=γi,j×ci,j×S0×10-3
wherein, EFi,jThe unit is the corresponding raise dust j particulate matter discharge rate of position i: g/(km.vehicle); j indicates that the current dust particle is PM2.5Or PM10,ci,jThe concentration difference between the tail gas cluster particulate matter concentration of the flying dust j particulate matter corresponding to the i and the background particulate matter concentration is as follows: ug/m3;S0Is the reference flux area in units of: m is2。
Specifically, S is obtained by fitting constraint on the dust emission test and quantitative calculation results of the AP-42 method in the step 2-30A numerical value; the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 2-3-1, modifying the sampler by using a mode of additionally installing a PTEF (Polytetrafluoroethylene) membrane on a particulate matter sampling membrane support, and collecting 1m at intervals of 200m2Obtaining sampling data from the road dust;
step 2-3-2, respectively calculating the dust accumulation load according to the sampling data of the road dust accumulation, wherein the calculation formula of the dust accumulation load is as follows:
in the formula: m0The unit is the mass of the dust sample: g; m is20、m100And m200The net weight of the standard sieve is respectively 20 meshes, 100 meshes and 200 meshes, and the unit is as follows: g; m20、M100And M200The weight sum of 20 meshes, 100 meshes and 200 meshes after sieving and the weight sum of oversize materials are respectively as follows: g; s is the sampling area, and the unit is: m is2;
And 2-3-3, calculating the flying dust emission according to the sampling data of the pavement dust, wherein the flying dust emission calculation formula is as follows:
sEFi,j=kj×(sLi)0.91×(W0)1.02
in the formula: sEi,jThe unit of the emission factor is as follows: g/(km.vehicle); k is a radical ofjFor the granularity multiplier of road raise dust jth kind particulate matter, the unit is: g/km; sLiLoad at position i, in units of: g/m2;W0Is the vehicle weight, and the unit is: t;
steps 2-3-4, use sEFi,jAnd EFi,jLinear fitting is carried out, and the reference flux area S is obtained through calculation0。
Further, as a preferred embodiment, step 3, combining the sampling data and the dynamic response relationship, calculating to obtain the dynamic emission intensity of the dust particles in the road network and the total emission amount of the dust particles, wherein the method for calculating the total emission amount of the dust particles comprises the following steps:
Ei,j=EFi,j×Ni×Li
wherein E isi,jThe unit is the emission of the particulate matter of the flying dust j corresponding to the road section i: g/day, j indicates that the current dust particles are PM2.5Or PM10;NiThe traffic flow of the road section i is represented by the following unit: vehicle/day; l isiIs the length of the section i, and has the unit: and km.
By adopting the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the method can measure the actual road dust emission under the actual road working condition, can calculate the total road network dust emission, and can be used for continuously tracking and supervising regional dust emission control.
It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present application and not all embodiments. The embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The components of the embodiments of the present application, generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the detailed description of the embodiments of the present application is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (7)
1. The dynamic monitoring and analyzing method for the emission of the dust particles in the road network is characterized by comprising the following steps: which comprises the following steps:
step 1, acquiring environmental background particulate matter concentration and vehicle rear air mass particulate matter concentration through a test vehicle carrying an atmospheric pollutant detector to obtain sampling data;
step 2, establishing a dynamic response relation from the concentration of the air mass particles behind the vehicle to the actual emission of the dust particles;
and 3, calculating to obtain the dynamic emission intensity of the dust particles in the road network and the emission total amount of the dust particles by combining the sampling data and the dynamic response relation.
2. The dynamic monitoring and analysis method for the emission of particulate matters in road network flying dust according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 1, a set of atmospheric pollutant detector is respectively arranged at the top and the tail of the test vehicle to respectively obtain the background particulate matter concentration and the concentration of the air mass particulate matter behind the vehicle.
3. The dynamic monitoring and analysis method for the emission of particulate matters in road network flying dust according to claim 2, characterized in that: the detection items of the atmospheric pollutant detector include: CO, PM2.5 and PM10, the temporal resolution of detection by the atmospheric pollutants detector being 1 second; a GPS is configured on the test vehicle to position and acquire the running speed information of the vehicle in real time, and the time resolution is 1 second; two particulate matter samplers are arranged at the tail of the vehicle, the sampling flow rate is set to be 16.7L/min, the cutting heads are respectively PM2.5 and PM10, and the sampling pump supplies power to the mobile power supply.
4. The dynamic monitoring and analysis method for road network dust particle emission according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the step 2, by taking the dust emission test and quantitative calculation results of the AP-42 method as constraints, establishing a dynamic response relation from the concentration of the particulate matters in the air mass behind the vehicle to the actual emission of the dust emission particulate matters, and obtaining a calculation formula of the dynamic emission intensity of the road dust emission particulate matters as follows;
EFi,j=γi,j×ci,j×S0×10-3
wherein, EFi,jThe unit is the corresponding raise dust j particulate matter discharge rate of position i: g/(km.vehicle); j indicates that the current dust particle is PM2.5Or PM10,ci,jThe concentration difference between the tail gas cluster particulate matter concentration of the flying dust j particulate matter corresponding to the i and the background particulate matter concentration is as follows: ug/m3;S0Is the reference flux area in units of: m is2。
5. The dynamic monitoring and analysis method for road network dust particle emission according to claim 4, characterized in that: the step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 2-1, vehicle flow field simulation is carried out by comprehensively considering vehicle types, wind directions, wind speeds and vehicle speed parameters, different vehicle speeds and wind directions and wind speed matrix combinations are set, and a response curved surface data set gamma of 'vehicle speed-wind speed and wind direction-dilution coefficient change proportion' is calculated by using a CFD model; 2-2, correcting PM2.5 and PM10 data of the detector by using an off-line filter membrane particulate matter test result according to road dust emission data obtained by actual test of the test vehicle;
and 2-3, establishing a dynamic response relation by using a basic data set of 'speed-wind direction-dilution coefficient change proportion' according to dynamic test results of multiple driving states and multiple road conditions to obtain a calculation formula of the dynamic emission intensity of the road dust particles.
6. The dynamic monitoring and analysis method for road network dust particle emission according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the step 2-3, S is obtained by taking the dust emission test and quantitative calculation results of the AP-42 method as constraint fitting0A numerical value; the method comprises the following specific steps:
Step 2-3-1, modifying the sampler by using a mode of additionally installing a PTEF (Polytetrafluoroethylene) membrane on a particulate matter sampling membrane support, and collecting 1m at intervals of 200m2Obtaining sampling data from the road dust;
step 2-3-2, respectively calculating the dust accumulation load according to the sampling data of the road dust accumulation, wherein the calculation formula of the dust accumulation load is as follows:
in the formula: m0The unit is the mass of the dust sample: g; m is20、m100And m200The net weight of the standard sieve is respectively 20 meshes, 100 meshes and 200 meshes, and the unit is as follows: g; m20、M100And M200The weight sum of 20 meshes, 100 meshes and 200 meshes after sieving and the weight sum of oversize materials are respectively as follows: g; s is the sampling area, and the unit is: m is2;
And 2-3-3, calculating the flying dust emission according to the sampling data of the pavement dust, wherein the flying dust emission calculation formula is as follows:
sEFi,j=kj×(sLi)0.91×(W0)1.02
in the formula: sEi,jThe unit of the emission factor is as follows: g/(km.vehicle); k is a radical ofjFor the granularity multiplier of road raise dust jth kind particulate matter, the unit is: g/km; sLiLoad at position i, in units of: g/m2;W0Is the vehicle weight, and the unit is: t;
steps 2-3-4, use sEFi,jAnd EFi,jLinear fitting is carried out, and the reference flux area S is obtained through calculation0。
7. The dynamic monitoring and analysis method for road network dust particle emission according to claim 6, characterized in that: the method for calculating the total emission amount of the dust particles in the step 3 comprises the following steps:
Ei,j=EFi,j×Ni×Li
wherein E isi,jThe unit is the emission of the particulate matter of the flying dust j corresponding to the road section i: g/day, j indicates that the current dust particles are PM2.5Or PM10;NiThe traffic flow of the road section i is represented by the following unit: vehicle/day; l isiIs the length of the section i, and has the unit: and km.
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CN113936260A (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2022-01-14 | 重庆广睿达科技有限公司 | Image-based road raise dust dynamic monitoring method and system |
CN114264582A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-04-01 | 江苏云聚汇科技有限公司 | Ultralow dust on-line monitoring analysis control system |
CN118095658A (en) * | 2024-04-24 | 2024-05-28 | 山东林安热能科技有限公司 | Monitoring system for environmental protection engineering |
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