CN113280747A - System and method for judging rail safety based on fiber grating sensor - Google Patents
System and method for judging rail safety based on fiber grating sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN113280747A CN113280747A CN202110436071.6A CN202110436071A CN113280747A CN 113280747 A CN113280747 A CN 113280747A CN 202110436071 A CN202110436071 A CN 202110436071A CN 113280747 A CN113280747 A CN 113280747A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
- G01B11/165—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge by means of a grating deformed by the object
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/30—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
- Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a system and a method for judging rail safety based on a fiber grating sensor, wherein a strain detection curve is obtained by detecting the stress change of a wheel passing through a rail body through a sensor, the strain detection curve is transmitted to a control unit, the sensor comprises two array type fiber Bragg array devices which are arranged at intervals, and each array type fiber Bragg array device is internally provided with a plurality of grating strain gauges; and calculating according to a formula, deducting signals of an overlapping area from the strain detection curve to obtain a wheel strain response curve of each wheel, calculating by matching with strain data of healthy wheels to obtain fitting deviation data, and indicating that the wheel damage alarm starts to work when one deviation value in the fitting deviation data exceeds a default value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rail safety detection, in particular to a system and a method for judging rail safety based on a fiber grating sensor.
Background
The development of railway transportation technology has been the goal pursued in this field for safety and riding comfort, and especially the safety aspect is vital to hundreds of people's lives and properties, and therefore is also vital to the aspects of monitoring, detecting, monitoring and the like of railway safety.
In the aspect of railway safety, the safety monitoring of the rail is the main development focus at present, for example, whether the rail is buckled or not, whether the rail is uneven or not and the like are monitored, and once a problem is detected, a remedial measure can be taken in advance to avoid a derailment event in the driving process.
The track mainly provides a wheel traveling direction, when the wheel is braked, relative sliding is presented between the wheel and the track, so that a contact surface (also called a tread) between the wheel and the track generates friction damage, the damage can be called wheel flat or flat wheel (wheel flat), the slight damage only reduces the riding comfort of passengers, and the serious damage can damage the track surface, also influence the foundation of sleeper ballast, a vehicle structure and even cause a track-out event.
However, the monitoring of the safety of the rail is focused on the rail, and the focus is rarely placed on the wheels, and the flatness of the wheels is also an important factor affecting the safety of the rail, so the inventor believes that the monitoring of the wheels should be included in the monitoring of the safety of the rail.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the problem of how to rank the flatness of the wheels as a ring for railway safety monitoring.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a system and a method for determining rail safety based on a fiber grating sensor, wherein the system and the method comprise:
two sensors, a control unit, a screen and an alarm;
firstly, before the wheel leveling device works, the sensors are respectively arranged on the track bodies, each sensor comprises two array type fiber bragg array devices which are arranged at intervals, a plurality of grating strain gauges are respectively arranged in each array type fiber bragg array device, each grating strain gauge is arranged at intervals, and the length of each array type fiber bragg array device after arrangement is larger than the circumference of the wheel due to the fact that whether the wheel is flat or not is to be detected. When the building is completed, the sensor outputs a strain detection curve to the remote control unit as long as the wheel passes through the track body.
After receiving the strain detection curve, the control unit may:
ΔN＝N1－N2、Nwheel＝N1－2ΔN2and calculating to subtract the signal of the overlapping area from the strain detection curve, so as to obtain the wheel strain response curve of each wheel.
Obtaining the wheel strain response curve, and then judging whether the wheel strain response curve has abnormal characteristic points, wherein the judgment mode is to obtain healthy wheel strain data firstly, and then perform curve fitting operation by matching with the wheel strain response curve to judge whether the abnormal characteristic points exist, so that the following steps are performed according to a formula:
The stress between the wheels and the track changes when the flat wheels are damaged, so that the stress between the wheels and the track changes, if so, the alarm is started to work, and a manager in a central control room is informed to pay attention to the alarm to carry out maintenance and other work in advance. Therefore, the safety of the track can be greatly improved through the creation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of links between components of the authoring system;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the authoring process;
FIG. 3 is a vehicle wheel profile;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing fitting deviation data.
Description of reference numerals:
1-a sensor; 2-a control unit; 3-screen; 4-an alarm; a-fitting the deviation data; b-arrow head; c-vehicle wheel profile; c1-wheel pattern.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
As shown in fig. 1, when the present invention is constructed, a sensor 1 is first installed on a track, and the track is formed by two track bodies spaced apart from each other, so that each track body is provided with one sensor 1, and the sensor 1 respectively includes two Array type Fiber Bragg gratings (Array-type Fiber Bragg gratings) arranged at intervals, each Array type Fiber Bragg Grating has a plurality of Grating strain gauges arranged at intervals, in order to improve the detection accuracy, the arrangement interval of the Array type Fiber Bragg gratings needs to be the same as the arrangement interval of the plurality of Grating strain gauges, and the length of each sensor 1 needs to be greater than the wheel circumference, so as to detect whether each part of the wheel is damaged or not. Therefore, when the wheel passes through the track body, the sensor 1 outputs a strain detection curve after detection.
Then, the present invention arranges a control unit 2, a screen 3, and an alarm 4 in a central control room, and the control unit 2 is remotely connected to the sensor 1 for receiving the strain detection curve. When the control unit 2 receives the strain detection curve, it will determine the vehicle type first, and the determination is performed by calculating a speed detection value according to the strain detection curve, and then determining the vehicle type according to the difference between the front end and the rear end of the strain detection curve and the central portion and the speed detection value. For example, the strain detection curve may generate a large strain change at the front end and the rear end of the push-pull type train, and for example, the strain detection curve may not generate a large stress change due to the characteristics of a power distributed Unit (EMU), so that the train passing through the track can be determined by matching the characteristics with the speed detection value.
After the vehicle type is judged, whether the wheel is damaged or not is judged. Since the strain detection curve relates to the influence of factors such as the driving speed of the train, the wheel circumference, the wheel base and the sampling frequency, the influence of the factors needs to be minimized when the control unit 2 analyzes the strain detection curve, and therefore, the formula is shown as follows:
ΔN＝N1－N2、Nwheel＝N1－2ΔN2and calculating to obtain the wheel strain response curve of each wheel by deducting the signal of the overlapping area from the strain detection curve. Wherein D is1Is the wheel circumference, D2Is the bogie wheelbase, V is the vehicle speed, N1Time after conversion of wheel circumference, N2Time, N, converted for bogie wheelbasewheelWheel strain data for a single wheel, SR, sampling frequency.
Then, when the wheel is damaged, when the damaged part of the wheel contacts the track body, the wheel is temporarily suspended between the damaged part of the wheel and the track body, and then the wheel is strongly impacted on the track body, so that the stress value is reduced and then the stress value is instantly and greatly increased when the wheel is measured. Therefore, the present invention utilizes this characteristic to measure the stress of a healthy wheel by driving the healthy wheel along the track body and then detecting the stress through the sensors 1 of the present invention, thereby obtaining strain data of the healthy wheel. Referring to fig. 4, next, the control unit 2 performs a curve fitting operation according to the healthy wheel strain data and the wheel strain response curve, and according to a fourier series expansion:
and the formula:
calculating to obtain fitting deviation data A, when one deviation value in the fitting deviation data A exceeds a default value, the control unit 2 judges that the wheel is damaged and controls the alarm 4 to work, wherein yfitIs the strain data of the healthy wheelsThe wheel strain response curve is shown, and t is time. It should be noted that the fitting deviation data a is shown as a line in fig. 4, and therefore, when a wheel damage occurs, the fitting deviation data a has a large drop, as indicated by an arrow B in fig. 4.
Therefore, the present inventor utilizes the judgment of whether the wheel is damaged or not, so that when the wheel is judged to be damaged, the manager in the central control room can be immediately informed for subsequent maintenance. Therefore, the safety of the vehicle track can be greatly improved by utilizing the creation.
In addition, referring to fig. 3, it is known that whether the wheel is damaged is not enough, the present inventor further can manufacture a vehicle wheel distribution map C according to the vehicle type determination result, and the vehicle wheel distribution map C includes a plurality of wheel patterns C1, so when the wheel is determined to be damaged, a damage mark is disposed on the corresponding wheel pattern C1, as shown in the figure, the damage mark is marked by filling the blank inside of the wheel pattern C1, or can be used as a damage mark through different colors, broken lines or solid lines, so as to achieve the purpose of distinguishing a healthy wheel from a damaged wheel, as shown in the figure, the damaged wheel is displayed in gray scale, and then the vehicle wheel distribution map C is displayed through the screen 3. Therefore, the manager can quickly know the position of the wheel needing to be repaired and maintained through the vehicle wheel distribution diagram C. In addition, the vehicle wheel distribution map can select different patterns according to the types of vehicles during manufacturing, so that the manager can know which vehicle wheel has problems and needs to deal with the problems more quickly.
The present creation not only displays the wheel damage position, but also provides a damage degree prompt, which is to calculate the force application of plural wheels according to the detection results of two adjacent grating strain gauges, the calculation method mainly uses the shear force duration change of any two adjacent sections of the track body, and then uses the concept of force balance to calculate the time change of the wheel force application, wherein the time change of the wheel force application includes the force application of the weight of the wheel to the track body and the impact force applied to the track body by the wheel due to damage, therefore, the highest value of the force application of plural wheels is taken as the wheel impact force P1The rest of the wheels are averaged to obtain an average wheel weight P2Then according to the formula:
an impact ratio R is obtained and the vicinity of the damage mark is marked with the impact ratio.
Therefore, the manager can judge the damage degree of the wheels through the impact ratio, so as to be convenient for subsequently judging the maintenance sequence of each wheel.
Although the present disclosure has been described above, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and these changes and modifications are intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (9)
1. A system for judging rail safety based on a fiber grating sensor is characterized by comprising:
two sensors, a control unit, a screen and an alarm;
each track body of the track is respectively provided with one sensor, each sensor respectively comprises two array type optical fiber Bragg array devices which are arranged at intervals, each array type optical fiber Bragg array device is internally provided with a plurality of grating strain gauges, and the length of each sensor is greater than the circumference of the wheel; when the wheel passes through the track body, the sensor outputs a strain detection curve to the control unit;
the control unit, the screen and the alarm can be arranged in a central control room, and the control unit is connected with each sensor remotely;
the control unit analyzes the signal of the strain detection curve with the overlapped area subtracted to obtain a wheel strain response curve of each wheel; and then, the control unit takes healthy wheel strain data and the wheel strain response curve to perform curve fitting operation to obtain fitting deviation data, and when one deviation value in the fitting deviation data exceeds a default value, the control unit judges that the wheel is damaged and controls the alarm to work.
2. The system for determining rail safety based on fiber grating sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control unit applies the strain detection curve according to the formula:
ΔN＝N1－N2、Nwheel＝N1－2ΔN2calculating to obtain wheel strain response curves of each wheel by deducting signals of the overlapping area from the strain detection curves; wherein D is1Is the wheel circumference, D2Is the bogie wheelbase, V is the vehicle speed, N1Time after conversion of wheel circumference, N2Time, N, converted for bogie wheelbasewheelWheel strain data for a single wheel, SR is the sampling frequency; the control unit performs curve fitting operation by taking the healthy wheel strain data and the wheel strain response curve according to a formula:
performing an operation to obtain the fitting deviation data, wherein yfitFor healthy wheelsStrain data inner, ysThe wheel strain response curve is shown, and t is time.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the wheel impact force P is the highest value of the wheel forces calculated from the results of two adjacent grating strain gauges1The rest of the wheels are averaged to obtain an average wheel weight P2Then according to the formula:
an impact ratio R is obtained.
4. The system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the control unit generates a vehicle wheel distribution map, the vehicle wheel distribution map includes a plurality of wheel patterns, and the control unit sets a damage flag and the impact ratio to the damaged wheel pattern.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the control unit is configured to calculate a speed detection value according to the strain detection curve, and determine the type of the vehicle according to a difference between front and rear ends and a central portion of the strain detection curve and the speed detection value.
6. A method for judging rail safety based on a fiber grating sensor is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(A) the method comprises the following steps that a sensor is respectively arranged on each track body of a track, when a wheel passes through the track body, the sensor detects stress change and outputs a strain detection curve, the length of the sensor is greater than the circumference of the wheel, each sensor respectively comprises two array type optical fiber Bragg array devices which are arranged at intervals, and a plurality of grating strain gauges are arranged in each array type optical fiber Bragg array device;
(B) after receiving the strain curve detection curve, a control unit analyzes a signal of the strain curve detection curve with an overlapping area subtracted to obtain a wheel strain response curve of each wheel;
(C) and the control unit then takes healthy wheel strain data and the wheel strain response curve to perform curve fitting operation to obtain fitting deviation data, and when one deviation value in the fitting deviation data exceeds a default value, the control unit judges that the wheel is damaged and controls the alarm to work.
7. The method for judging the safety of the rail based on the fiber grating sensor as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the step (B): the control unit is used for controlling the operation of the electronic device according to a formula:
ΔN＝N1－N2、Nwheel＝N1－2ΔN2calculating the strain detection curves to obtain wheel strain response curves of the wheels; wherein D is1Is the wheel circumference, D2Is the bogie wheelbase, V is the vehicle speed, N1Time after conversion of wheel circumference, N2Time, N, converted for bogie wheelbasewheelWheel strain data for a single wheel, SR is the sampling frequency; in the step (C): the control unit then takes the healthy wheel strain data and the wheel strain response curve according to the formula:
performing an operation to obtain the fitting deviation data, wherein yfitIs the strain data of the healthy wheelsThe wheel strain response curve is shown, and t is time.
8. The method for determining rail safety based on fiber grating sensor as claimed in claim 7, further comprising a step (D) between the steps (a) and (B): the control unit can calculate a speed detection value according to the strain detection curve, and then judge the type of the vehicle according to the difference value between the front end and the rear end of the strain detection curve and the central part of the strain detection curve and the speed detection value.
9. The method for determining rail safety based on fiber grating sensor as claimed in claim 8, wherein step (C) is followed by steps (E) and (F); a step (E): the control unit calculates the force applied by the plurality of wheels according to the detection results of the two adjacent grating strain gauges, and the wheel impact force P with the highest value is taken out from the force applied by the plurality of wheels1The rest of the wheels are averaged to obtain an average wheel weight P2Then according to the formula:
obtaining an impact ratio R; the step (F): the control unit is used for manufacturing a vehicle wheel distribution diagram which comprises a plurality of wheel patterns, setting a damage mark and the impact ratio on the damaged wheel patterns and controlling a screen to output the vehicle wheel distribution diagram.
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| CN202110436071.6A CN113280747B (en) | 2021-04-22 | 2021-04-22 | System and method for judging rail safety based on fiber bragg grating sensor |
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2021
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