CN113280113A

CN113280113A - Gear shifting assembly

Info

Publication number: CN113280113A
Application number: CN202110655462.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 邓先登; 邓云珠; 邓圣怡
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2021-06-11
Filing date: 2021-06-11
Publication date: 2021-08-20

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of transmission parts, and particularly discloses a gear shifting assembly which comprises a first gear shifting part and a second gear shifting part, wherein a first gear group is arranged on one side of the first gear shifting part, a first gear advancing surface and a first gear retreating surface are arranged on two sides of a first synchronizing gear, a second gear group is arranged on one side of the second gear shifting part, and a second gear advancing surface and a second gear retreating surface are arranged on two sides of a second synchronizing gear; the second gear-in surface can be inserted into the track of the first gear-in surface rotating forward along with the axial movement of the second gear-shifting component, the first gear-shifting component can drive the second gear-shifting component to rotate synchronously after the first gear-in surface and the second gear-shifting component are matched, the second gear-releasing surface is positioned on the track of the first gear-releasing surface rotating backward, and the first gear-releasing surface rotating backward can push the second gear-in surface to move backward and withdraw from the running track of the first gear-in surface after the second gear-releasing surface is matched with the first gear-releasing surface. This scheme advances to keep off easy and the cooperation is stable, moves back simultaneously and keeps off rapidly convenient, has compromise the quick smooth and easy and response promptness that advance and retreat kept off.

Description

Gear shifting assembly

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of transmission parts, and particularly relates to a gear shifting assembly.

Background

The synchronizer is used for shifting gears, so that the synchronizer has the advantages of light and convenient gear shifting, impact avoidance, noise elimination, prolonged service life of gears and the like, and can also be used for shifting gears rapidly, and the dynamic property, the economical efficiency and the safety of automobiles are improved. The inertial synchronizer is composed of joint sleeve, gear hub and synchronous locking ring, and features that it is synchronous by friction action. The inner ring of the joint sleeve is provided with spline teeth, the two ends of the spline teeth are inverted cone teeth, and the tops of the inverted cone teeth play a role in locking angles to prevent gears from being meshed before synchronization. Because the synchronizer shifts and accomplishes the back, the back taper tooth still plays certain self-locking function, nevertheless because of current structural constraint, the design length of back taper tooth is limited, shifts the in-process and takes place the interference more easily.

And the corresponding transmission is realized mainly through the meshing of external splines when current clutch collar during operation, but in long-term use, the feeling of setback is very obvious when this shift structure shifts gears, and it is slow and hard to enter the fender and move back the fender time, and the smoothness is not enough.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a gear shifting assembly to solve the problems that gear shifting is slow, labor-consuming and poor in smoothness when gear entering and gear returning are obviously interrupted.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a gear shifting assembly comprises a rotatable first gear shifting component and a second gear shifting component capable of moving axially, wherein a first tooth group at least comprising a first synchronous tooth is arranged on one side of the first gear shifting component, a first gear entering surface and a first gear withdrawing surface are arranged on two sides of the first synchronous tooth, a second tooth group at least comprising a second synchronous tooth is arranged on one side, close to the first gear shifting component, of the second gear shifting component, and a second gear entering surface and a second gear withdrawing surface are arranged on two sides of the second synchronous tooth;

the second is advanced and is kept off the part axial displacement and can insert the first track that advances to keep off the face forward rotation with the second, and first gear shifting part can drive the second gear shifting part synchronous revolution and the second moves off the face and is located the track of first moving off the face reverse rotation after first advancing keeps off the face and the cooperation of second and first moving off the face after the cooperation first moving off the face reverse rotation can promote the second and advance the face reverse displacement and withdraw from the orbit of first advancing and keeping off the face.

Based on the scheme, when the automatic transmission is used, the first gear shifting component is driven by the intermediate shaft to rotate, the second gear shifting component is used for transmitting power for driving wheels to rotate, when gear shifting is needed, the rotating speed of the first gear shifting component is controlled through mechanical clutch or magnetoelectric combined clutch, the rotating speed of the first gear shifting component and the rotating speed of the second gear shifting component are synchronized as much as possible, during actual work, the rotating speed of the second gear shifting component can be slightly higher than or equal to the rotating speed of the first gear shifting component, for meeting the smoothness and comfort level during gear shifting, the rotating speed difference can be controlled within 50r/min, and the gear shifting time is within 100 ms.

During operation, the second gear shifting component is controlled to axially move towards the first gear shifting component through the shifting fork, under synchronous rotating speed, a second gear group on the second gear shifting component is easily matched with a first gear group on the first gear shifting component, namely, a second gear inlet surface in second synchronous teeth can be inserted into a track of forward rotation of the first gear inlet surface when the second gear shifting component axially moves, so that the first gear inlet surface can be abutted and matched with the second gear inlet surface when the first gear inlet surface rotates forward, at the moment, the first gear shifting component can drive the second gear shifting component to synchronously rotate, and gear inlet operation is completed.

When the vehicle is stopped or decelerated, the rotating speed of the first gear shifting component is reduced through clutch control in advance, in the process, the rotating speed of the first gear shifting component is reduced to reduce the rotating speed of the first gear group, the rotating speeds of the second gear shifting component and the second gear group are kept unchanged at the moment of gear reversing under the action of inertia, the rotating speed of the second gear group is greater than that of the first gear group, a rotating speed difference exists between the first gear group and the second gear group, according to the theory of relativity, the rotating speed of the second gear group is assumed to be zero, at the moment, the first gear group and the first gear reversing surface rotate reversely relative to the second gear group, as the second gear reversing surface is positioned on the track of the reverse rotation of the first gear reversing surface, the second gear reversing surface is contacted with the first gear reversing surface in the gear reversing process, and the first gear reversing surface pushes the second gear reversing surface to reversely move and reverse the running track of the first gear reversing surface when rotating reversely relative to the second gear reversing surface, namely, the second gear shifting assembly is separated from the first gear shifting assembly, and the gear backing operation is completed. Of course, in the process of the gear shifting operation, the second gear shifting component can be controlled to axially move towards the direction far away from the first gear shifting component through the shifting fork, so that the gear shifting component has a double gear shifting operation mode, and the gear shifting component and the shifting fork are combined to realize the quick gear shifting operation of the gear shifting component.

Preferably, the included angle between the first blocking surface and the radial section is 60-90 degrees, and the included angle between the first blocking surface and the radial section is 160 degrees. So set up, make the slope of advancing the fender face big, and the slope of backstop face is little, makes first synchronous tooth and second synchronous tooth be the tilt state.

Distance between two adjacent synchronous teeth is for advancing and retreat the clearance of keeping off, in the axial direction, because the inclination of keeping off the face is big, and advance to keep off the face and be equivalent to the negative angle, so advance and retreat the length that the clearance of keeping off equals whole synchronous tooth basically and add the distance between two synchronous tooth bottoms, when the quantity of synchronous tooth is many to end, advance and retreat the clearance then the length that the clearance of keeping off equals whole synchronous tooth basically, compare in current toper tooth, this scheme makes the bigger advance and retreat between two synchronous teeth and keeps off the clearance, can be faster when making advance to keep off, it is smooth and easy.

In the process of shifting the gear and pushing the shifting fork, when the shifting fork pushes the limit position, the second gear group is completely inserted into the first gear group, at the moment, the first gear shifting surface and the second gear shifting surface are just in contact fit, the first gear shifting part can drive the second gear shifting part to rotate at once, and quick response when the gear is shifted is realized, so that the quick response when the gear is shifted is also ensured when the gear is shifted quickly. In the prior art, through conical tooth transmission, if smooth and quick gear shifting is needed, a large gear shifting gap is needed, the gear can be matched with the joint sleeve after idling for a certain distance, and timely response during gear shifting cannot be achieved. The scheme gives consideration to the fast and smooth gear shifting and the response timeliness.

And this scheme is at the synchronous rotation in-process, and the cooperation that first advance to keep off the face and the second advances to keep off the face is equivalent to two barbs and catches on each other, and the cooperation is very stable effective, compares in the perpendicular cooperation of current awl tooth, and this scheme cooperation stability is higher. And the cooperation that first keeps off face and second and keeps off the face is equivalent to the cooperation of two wedge faces, and when first keep off face and second kept off the face and produce relative motion, first keep off the face and can have axial driving force to the second keeps off the face, makes the second shift parts axial displacement that can be quick and level and smooth.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the present invention in cooperation with a drive shaft;

FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the mating of the first and second shift components;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the sliding sleeve with an external retaining ring;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the sliding sleeve with an external gear ring and a gear engaging gear;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the first set of teeth and the second set of teeth engaged during reverse gear.

Reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: the gear shifting device comprises a first gear shifting component 1, a gear engaging gear 10, a first gear group 11, a first synchronous gear 12, a gear advancing and reversing gap 13, a first gear reversing surface 14, a first gear advancing surface 15, an inner gear ring 16, a second gear shifting component 2, a sliding sleeve 21, a second gear group 22, a second synchronous gear 23, a second gear reversing surface 24, a second gear advancing surface 25, a transmission shaft 3, an external spline 41, an internal spline 42 and an external gear ring 5.

Detailed Description

Various embodiments according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Here, it is to be noted that, in the drawings, the same reference numerals are given to constituent parts having substantially the same or similar structures and functions, and repeated description thereof will be omitted. The term "sequentially comprising A, B, C, etc" merely indicates the order of the included elements A, B, C, etc. and does not exclude the possibility of including other elements between a and B and/or between B and C. The description of "first" and its variants is merely for distinguishing the components and does not limit the scope of the invention, and "first" may be written as "second" and the like without departing from the scope of the invention.

The drawings in the present specification are schematic views to assist in explaining the concept of the present invention, and schematically show the shapes of respective portions and their mutual relationships.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 6.

The present embodiment provides a gear shift assembly comprising a first gear shift component 1 and a second gear shift component 2, both of which are fitted on a transmission shaft 3, see fig. 2, the transmission shaft 3 corresponding to the second shaft in existing transmissions. The first gear shifting element 1 corresponds to a gear engaging wheel in a conventional transmission, which meshes with a drive gear on a countershaft of the transmission, so that a rotation of the first gear shifting element 1 is achieved. The second shift element 2 corresponds to a coupling sleeve in the transmission for transmitting power for driving the wheels in rotation.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the first shift component 1 includes a shift gear 10 and a first tooth set 11 disposed on the right side of the shift gear 10, wherein the shift gear 10 is in clearance fit with the transmission shaft 3 so as to be rotatable on the transmission shaft 3 without interfering with the transmission shaft 3, thereby achieving a neutral operation. In the present embodiment, clockwise rotation of the shift gear 10 as viewed from right to left in fig. 2 is defined as forward rotation, and conversely, reverse rotation.

Referring to fig. 1, the first set of teeth 11 includes at least one first synchronizing tooth 12 fixed on the right side of the engaging gear 10 by means of fixing means such as integral molding, welding, etc., in this embodiment, there are six first synchronizing teeth 12, and the six first synchronizing teeth 12 are arranged circumferentially, and the six first synchronizing teeth 12 are all arc-shaped to match the circular contour. First advancing and backing surfaces 15 and first backing surfaces 14 are arranged on two sides of the first synchronizing teeth 12, taking the first synchronizing teeth 12 at the top as an example, when viewed from right to left, the right side of each first synchronizing tooth 12 is a first backing surface 14, the left side of each first synchronizing tooth 12 is a first advancing and backing surface 15, and the part between the first backing surface 14 and the first advancing and backing surface 15 of every two adjacent first synchronizing teeth 12 is a advancing and backing gap 13.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the second gear shifting component 2 specifically includes a sliding sleeve 21 and a second gear set 22 disposed on the left side of the sliding sleeve 21, wherein the sliding sleeve 21 is connected to the transmission shaft 3 by a spline, specifically, an inner spline 42 is disposed on the inner side of the sliding sleeve 21, and an outer spline 41 is disposed on the transmission shaft 3, so that the sliding sleeve 21 can move axially on the transmission shaft 3 and the sliding sleeve 21 and the transmission shaft 3 cannot rotate relatively.

Wherein, the second tooth group 22 includes at least one second synchronous tooth 23 fixed on the left side of the sliding sleeve 21 by fixing manners such as integrated into one piece, welding, etc., in this embodiment, the number of the second synchronous teeth 23 is the same as the number of the first synchronous teeth 12, similarly, the second synchronous teeth 23 are also arc-shaped adapted to the circular profile where the second synchronous teeth are located, the two sides of the second synchronous teeth 23 are provided with a second advance blocking surface 25 and a second retreat blocking surface 24, the right side is the second advance blocking surface 25, and the left side is the second retreat blocking surface 24. As can be seen from fig. 1, the first synchronizing tooth 12 and the second synchronizing tooth 23 are arranged in opposite directions with respect to the shift-in surface and the shift-out surface.

Referring to fig. 3 and 6, when the first gear set 11 and the second gear set 22 are engaged, the second gear-in surface 25 can be inserted into a track of the first gear-in surface 15 rotating in the forward direction along with the axial movement of the second gear-shifting member 2, that is, when the second synchronizing gear 23 is inserted into the gear-advancing and-retreating gap 13, the second gear-shifting member 25 is opposite to the first gear-in surface 15, and after the first gear-in surface 15 and the second gear-in surface 25 are engaged, the first gear-shifting member 1 can drive the second gear-shifting member 2 to rotate synchronously, at this time, the second gear-retreating surface 24 is located on a track of the first gear-retreating surface 14 rotating in the reverse direction, that is, the second gear-retreating surface 24 is opposite to the first gear-retreating surface 14, and after the second gear-retreating surface 24 is engaged with the first gear-retreating surface 14, the first gear-retreating surface 14 rotates in the reverse direction to push the second gear-entering surface 25 to move in the reverse direction to exit the running track of the first gear-advancing surface 15.

Specifically, the included angles between the first advance stop surface 15 and the second advance stop surface 25 and the radial cross section (the right side wall of the engaging gear 10 and the left side wall of the sliding sleeve 21) are between 60 and 90 degrees, and the included angles between the first retreat stop surface 14 and the second retreat stop surface 24 and the radial cross section are between 120 and 160 degrees, referring to fig. 1, the first synchronizing tooth 12 and the second synchronizing tooth 23 are in an inclined state as a whole.

In the embodiment, repeated shift-in and shift-out tests are performed on combinations of different heights h (vertical distance from tooth top to tooth bottom) and lengths l (horizontal distance between tooth top and lowest point of shift-out surface) of the synchronous teeth to obtain data with the best comprehensive effect of shift-out and gear-jamming prevention, wherein the height h is equal to 7mm as a fixed quantity, the length l is used as a variable quantity for testing, and the following table lists several groups of typical data for reference.

h/l	50%	70%	80%	90%	100%
						Time of gear-off	50ms	40ms	34ms	30ms	31ms
Number of thousands of card steps	0	0	0	2	5

From the above table, it can be seen that when the ratio of the height to the length of the synchronizing teeth is about 0.8, the downshift speed is fast and the gear jamming problem does not occur, and repeated tests show that when the ratio of the height to the length of the synchronizing teeth is in the range of 0.75-0.85, the downshift speed is fast and the gear jamming problem does not occur basically. When h/l is less than 70%, although the gear blocking problem cannot occur, the overall length of the synchronous teeth is increased, so that the gear backing speed is reduced to some extent; when h/l is greater than 90%, synchronous tooth length reduces, leads to advancing to keep off the clearance and reduce to can appear blocking the fender problem occasionally when leading to advancing to along with the slope of keeping off the face bigger and bigger, the first face 14 that keeps off the gear also can reduce gradually to the pushing effect of second face 24 that keeps off the gear, leads to the speed of keeping off the gear to reduce.

Referring to fig. 1, the advance and retreat shift gap 13 is substantially equal to the length of the whole synchronous tooth plus the distance between the bottoms of the two synchronous teeth, and when the number of the synchronous teeth is more than that of the two synchronous teeth, the advance and retreat shift gap 13 is substantially equal to the length of the whole synchronous tooth.

In the process of pushing the shifting fork in a gear shifting mode, when the shifting fork pushes to a limit position, the second gear group 22 is completely inserted into the first gear group 11, see fig. 3, at the moment, the first gear shifting surface 15 and the second gear shifting surface 25 just contact and cooperate, the first gear shifting component 1 can immediately drive the second gear shifting component 2 to rotate, quick response in the gear shifting mode is achieved, and quick response in the gear shifting mode can be guaranteed while the gear shifting mode is achieved. And through the transmission of conical tooth among the prior art, if need smooth and easy quick advance gear then need great advance reverse gear clearance 13, can make the gear idle running just can form the cooperation with the clutch collar after a distance, timely response when can't accomplishing advancing to keep off, otherwise advance to keep off timely response then need less advance reverse gear when the clearance, then can't keep fast smooth and easy advancing to keep off. The scheme gives consideration to the fast and smooth gear shifting and the response timeliness.

In addition, in the synchronous rotation process, the first advance blocking surface 15 and the second advance blocking surface 25 are matched with each other to form a hook with two barbs, the matching is very stable and effective, and the matching stability is higher compared with the vertical matching of the existing bevel gear. And the cooperation of first backstop face 14 and second backstop face 24 is equivalent to the cooperation of two wedge faces, and when first backstop face 14 and second backstop face 24 produced relative motion, first backstop face 14 can have axial drive force to second backstop face 24, makes second shift gear part 2 can be fast and smooth axial displacement.

In some embodiments, the first and second drive surfaces 15 and 25 are inclined at the same angle, the first and second reverse drive surfaces 14 and 24 are inclined at the same angle, and the first and second sets of teeth 11 and 22 have the same inner diameter, outer diameter, and thickness. The fit between the first synchronizing tooth 12 and the second synchronizing tooth 23 is made smoother, tighter and more reliable.

Referring to fig. 1, in some embodiments, round chamfers are disposed between the first advance surface 15 and the first retreat surface 14 on both sides of the first synchronizing tooth 12 and the right side wall of the engaging gear 12, and round chamfers are disposed between the second advance surface 25 and the second retreat surface 24 on both sides of the second synchronizing tooth 23 and the left side wall of the sliding sleeve 21, so that the first synchronizing tooth 12 and the second synchronizing tooth 23 are more smoothly matched and move with each other, and a pause condition is avoided.

In some embodiments, the first and second shift surfaces 14 and 24 are coated with a coating layer, such as teflon, that reduces the friction coefficient of the shift surfaces, which reduces the friction resistance generated when the first and second shift surfaces 14 and 24 contact each other, so that the shift assembly can be shifted quickly and smoothly.

Referring to fig. 4 and 5, in some embodiments, the outer retaining ring 5 is fixedly sleeved on the periphery of the second gear set 22 by welding, the inner diameter of the outer retaining ring 5 is larger than the outer diameter of the first gear set 11, the first gear set 11 and the second gear set 22 form a fit when the outer retaining ring 5 abuts against the first gear shifting component 1, so that the outer retaining ring 5 has a positioning function, the first gear set 11 and the second gear set 22 just form a fit when the outer retaining ring 5 abuts against the right side wall of the gear engaging gear 10, and meanwhile, the outer retaining ring 5 also plays a protection function, after the gear is shifted, the first gear set 11 and the second gear set 22 are mutually matched, and the outer retaining ring 5 is retained outside the first gear set 11 and the second gear set 22 to provide protection for the first gear set 11 and the second gear set 22 to drop, so as to prevent impurities from entering the first gear set 11 and the second gear set 22.

Referring to fig. 1 and 3, in some embodiments, an inner retainer ring 16 is fixed on the inner side of the first tooth set 11 by welding, the inner diameter of the inner retainer ring 16 is the same as the bore diameter of the change gear 10, the inner retainer ring 16 functions similarly to the outer retainer ring 5, the engagement between the change gear 10 and the transmission shaft 3 is completed when the inner retainer ring 16 abuts against the external spline 41 on the transmission shaft 3, and the inner retainer ring 16 can also protect the first tooth set 11 and the second tooth set 22 from the inner side.

Based on the scheme, when the device is used:

referring to fig. 2, in the initial state, the sliding sleeve 21 is located at the right limit position of the transmission shaft 3, and at this time, the second tooth group 22 is located at the right of the first tooth group 11.

When a shift is required, the rotational speed of the first shift element 1 is controlled by a mechanical clutch or a magneto-electric combined clutch, and the present device is preferably a magneto-electric combined shift clutch, for example, a magneto-electric combined shift system disclosed in a patent publication No. CN208348473U to which the present applicant is entitled. The rotating speed of the first gear shifting component 1 and the rotating speed of the second gear shifting component 2 are synchronized as much as possible, during actual work, the rotating speed of the second gear shifting component 2 can be slightly higher than or equal to the rotating speed of the first gear shifting component 1, in order to meet the requirements of smoothness and comfort level during gear shifting, the rotating speed difference can be controlled within 50r/min, and the gear shifting time is controlled within 100 ms.

During operation, the sliding sleeve 21 is controlled to move leftwards along the transmission shaft 3 through the shifting fork, under synchronous rotation speed, the second tooth group 22 on the left side of the sliding sleeve 21 is easily matched with the first tooth group 11 on the right side of the gear engaging gear 12, namely, each second synchronous tooth 23 is respectively inserted into the gear advancing and retreating gap 13 formed between the first synchronous teeth 12, at the moment, the second gear advancing surface 25 is positioned in the track of forward rotation of the first gear advancing surface 15, so that the first gear advancing surface 15 can be abutted and matched with the second gear advancing surface 25 when rotating forward, further, the gear engaging gear 10 can be driven to synchronously rotate the sliding sleeve 21, the sliding sleeve 21 drives the transmission shaft 3 to rotate, and gear advancing operation is completed.

Referring to fig. 6, when a downshift is required during a stop or deceleration, the rotational speed of the engaging gear 10 is reduced through a clutch control in advance during the downshift, in the process, the rotational speed of the engaging gear 10 is reduced to reduce the rotational speed of the first tooth set 11, and the rotational speed of the transmission shaft 3, the sliding sleeve 21 and the second tooth set 22 is kept constant under the inertia effect at the moment of the downshift, so that the rotational speed of the second tooth set 22 is greater than the rotational speed of the first tooth set 11, and a rotational speed difference exists between the two, according to the theory of relativity, the rotational speed of the second tooth set 22 is assumed to be zero, so that the first tooth set 11 and the first downshift 14 rotate in a reverse direction relative to the second tooth set 22, and since the second downshift 24 is located on the track where the first downshift 14 rotates in the reverse direction, the second downshift 24 contacts the first downshift 14, and the first downshift 14 and the second downshift 24 correspond to two wedge-shaped surfaces, when the first gear set 11 rotates reversely, the sliding sleeve 21 is pushed to move rightwards, so that the second gear set 22 is separated from the first gear, and the gear-reversing operation is completed. Of course, in the process of the gear shifting operation, the shifting fork control sliding sleeve 21 can move rightwards along the transmission shaft 3, so that the gear shifting assembly has a double gear shifting operation mode, and the gear shifting assembly and the shifting fork control sliding sleeve are combined to realize the quick gear shifting operation of the gear shifting assembly.

According to the actual situation, if the vehicle needs to change N gears, N groups of gear changing assemblies can be designed.

The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A gearshift assembly characterized by: the gear shifting device comprises a rotatable first gear shifting component (1) and a second gear shifting component (2) capable of moving axially, wherein a first gear group (11) at least comprising a first synchronous gear (12) is arranged on one side of the first gear shifting component (1), a first gear advancing surface (15) and a first gear retreating surface (14) are arranged on two sides of the first synchronous gear (12), a second gear group (22) at least comprising a second synchronous gear (23) is arranged on one side, close to the first gear shifting component (1), of the second gear shifting component (2), and a second gear advancing surface (25) and a second gear retreating surface (24) are arranged on two sides of the second synchronous gear (23);

the second gear-shifting surface (25) can be inserted into the track of the forward rotation of the first gear-shifting surface (15) along with the axial movement of the second gear-shifting component (2), after the first gear-shifting surface (15) and the second gear-shifting surface (25) are matched, the first gear-shifting component (1) can drive the second gear-shifting component (2) to synchronously rotate, the second gear-shifting surface (24) is positioned on the track of the reverse rotation of the first gear-shifting surface (14), and after the second gear-shifting surface (24) is matched with the first gear-shifting surface (14), the reverse rotation of the first gear-shifting surface (14) can push the second gear-shifting surface (25) to reversely move to exit the running track of the first gear-shifting surface (15).

2. The gearshift assembly of claim 1, wherein: the included angle between the first advance blocking surface (15) and the radial section and the included angle between the second advance blocking surface (25) and the radial section are 60-90 degrees, and the included angle between the first retreat blocking surface (14) and the radial section and the included angle between the second retreat blocking surface (24) and the radial section are 120-160 degrees.

3. A gearshift assembly as set forth in claim 2 wherein: the inclined angles of the first gear advancing surface (15) and the second gear advancing surface (25) are the same, and the inclined angles of the first gear retreating surface (14) and the second gear retreating surface (24) are the same.

4. A gear shift assembly according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: first gear shifting part (1) and second gear shifting part (2) all set up on transmission shaft (3), and first gear shifting part (1) cover is located on transmission shaft (3) and with transmission shaft (3) clearance fit, second gear shifting part (2) and transmission shaft (3) splined connection.

5. A gear shift assembly according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: an outer retaining ring (5) is fixedly sleeved on the periphery of the second gear group (22), the inner diameter of the outer retaining ring (5) is larger than the outer diameter of the first gear group (11), and the first gear group (11) and the second gear group (22) form matching when the outer retaining ring (5) abuts against the first gear shifting component (1).

6. The gearshift assembly of claim 5, wherein: an inner baffle ring (16) is arranged on the inner side of the first tooth group (11), and the outer diameter of the inner baffle ring (16) is smaller than the inner diameter of the second tooth group (22).

7. A gearshift assembly as set forth in claim 1, 2, 3 or 6 wherein: round chamfers are arranged between the first gear advancing surface (15) and the first gear retreating surface (14) on the two sides of the first synchronous tooth (12) and the first gear shifting component (1), and round chamfers are arranged between the second gear advancing surface (25) and the second gear retreating surface (24) on the two sides of the second synchronous tooth (23) and the second gear shifting component (2).

8. A gear shift assembly according to claim 2 or 3, wherein: the number of the first synchronizing teeth (12) is the same as the number of the second synchronizing teeth (23).