CN113273262A

CN113273262A - Timing adjustment for data transmission in a wireless system

Info

Publication number: CN113273262A
Application number: CN201980088435.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 袁志锋; 唐红; 李卫敏; 胡宇洲; 李剑; 郭秋瑾; 马一华
Original assignee: ZTE Corp
Current assignee: ZTE Corp
Priority date: 2019-01-11
Filing date: 2019-01-11
Publication date: 2021-08-17
Anticipated expiration: 2039-01-11
Also published as: EP3909318A1; EP3909318A4; US20210345274A1; WO2020034576A1; CN113273262B

Abstract

Methods, systems, and devices are described for timing adjustment of data transmissions in mobile communication technologies. An example method for wireless communication includes determining, by a first device, a distance between the first device and a second device, and performing a transmission based on a timing adjustment determined using the distance. Another example method for wireless communication includes broadcasting, by a second device, location information of the second device, and receiving a transmission from a first device, wherein the first device is configured to transmit the transmission based on a timing adjustment determined using a distance, and wherein the distance is based on the location information of the first device and the location information of the second device.

Description

Timing adjustment for data transmission in a wireless system

Technical Field

This document relates generally to wireless communications.

Background

Wireless communication technology is pushing the world to an increasingly interconnected and networked society. The rapid growth of wireless communications and advances in technology have led to greater demands for capacity and connectivity. Other aspects such as energy consumption, equipment cost, spectral efficiency and latency are also important to meet the needs of various communication scenarios. Next generation systems and wireless communication technologies need to provide support for an increasing number of users and devices, as well as support for higher data rates, compared to existing wireless networks, thereby requiring user devices to implement timing adjustments for data transmissions.

Disclosure of Invention

The present document relates to methods, systems and devices for generating sequences of reference signals in mobile communication technologies, including 5th Generation (5G), Beyond 5th Generation (B5G) and New Radio (NR) communication systems.

In one exemplary aspect, a method of wireless communication is disclosed. The method includes determining, by a first device, a distance between the first device and a second device, and performing a transmission based on a timing adjustment determined using the distance.

In another exemplary aspect, a method of wireless communication is disclosed. The method includes broadcasting, by the second device, location information of the second device, and receiving a transmission from the first device, wherein the first device is configured to transmit the transmission based on a timing adjustment determined using the distance, and wherein the distance is based on the location information of the first device and the location information of the second device.

In yet another exemplary aspect, the above-described methods are implemented in the form of processor executable code and stored in a computer readable program medium.

In yet another exemplary embodiment, an apparatus configured or operable to perform the above-described method is disclosed.

The above and other aspects and embodiments thereof are described in more detail in the accompanying drawings, description and claims.

Drawings

Fig. 1 illustrates an example of a Base Station (BS) and a User Equipment (UE) in wireless communications, in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosed technology.

Fig. 2 shows an example of a four-step random access procedure.

Fig. 3 illustrates an example of timing adjustment in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosed technology.

Fig. 4A and 4B illustrate another example of timing adjustment in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosed technology.

Fig. 5 illustrates yet another example of timing adjustment in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosed technology.

Fig. 6 is a flow chart of an example of a method of wireless communication.

Fig. 7 is a flow chart of another example of a method of wireless communication.

Fig. 8 is a block diagram representation of a portion of an apparatus in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosed technology.

Detailed Description

There is an increasing demand for fourth-generation (4G, fourth-generation mobile communication technology), Long-Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-advanced (LTE-advanced/LTE-a, Long-Term Evolution advanced), and fifth-generation (5G, fifth-generation mobile communication technology) mobile communication technologies. According to the current trend of development, 4G and 5G systems are studying features supporting enhanced mobile broadband, ultra-high reliability, ultra-low delay transmission, and large-scale connectivity.

In existing LTE systems, an important feature of uplink transmission is that the UE (user equipment) operates in the time-Frequency domain using Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA), e.g. using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). This ensures that uplink transmissions of different UEs in the same cell do not interfere with each other. To ensure orthogonality of uplink transmissions and intra-cell interference, a Base Station (Base Station, including an evolved Node B) requires different frequency domain resources (e.g., Resource Blocks (RBs)) from the same subframe. The arrival times of the signals of different UEs at the base station are substantially aligned. As long as the base station receives uplink data transmitted by the UE within a span of a Cyclic Prefix (CP), the base station can correctly decode the uplink data. Therefore, uplink synchronization requires that signals from different UEs arrive at the base station with arrival times within the CP in the same subframe. In order to guarantee time synchronization on the receiving side (base station or network node side), the LTE standard proposes a mechanism of uplink timing advance. A Timing Advance (TA) value is a parameter that characterizes the timing offset of data received by a base station from a particular UE. The base station may control the time at which uplink signals from different UEs arrive at the base station by appropriately controlling the timing offset of each UE. For example, UEs farther away from the BS will experience larger transmission delays, and thus UEs farther away from the BS may need to send uplink data before UEs closer to the BS.

In some embodiments, the base station determines a TA value of each UE by measuring uplink transmission of the corresponding UE, and transmits the determined TA value to the UE through a Timing Advance Command (TAC). Examples of Uplink transmissions that may be used to measure the TA value include a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) preamble, a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), a Channel Quality Indication (CQI), an Acknowledgement (ACK) or Negative Acknowledgement (NACK) message, a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) message, a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) message, and so on.

Fig. 1 shows an example of a wireless communication system (e.g., an LTE, 5G, or new air interface (NR) cellular network) including a BS (e.g., network node, eNB, gNB)120 and one or more User Equipments (UEs) 111, 112, and 113. In some embodiments, the downlink transmissions (141, 142, 143) may include a timing adjustment value, and subsequent uplink transmissions (131, 132, 133) are transmitted based on the TA value, as described by the techniques of this disclosure. The UE may be, for example, a smartphone, a tablet, a mobile computer, a machine-to-machine (M2M) device, a terminal, a mobile device, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, and so on.

In some embodiments, the BS sends a Timing Advance Command (TAC) to the UE in two ways. First, the base station determines a TA value by measuring the received preamble and transmits the value through the RAR TAC field during the random access procedure. Next, the base station needs to maintain TA information in an RRC (Radio Resource Control) connected state.

Although the UE and eNodeB (enb) acquire uplink synchronization during the random access procedure, the timing of the arrival of the uplink signal at the eNodeB may change over time, so the UE needs to continuously update its TA to maintain uplink synchronization. In LTE systems, the base station uses a closed-loop mechanism to adjust the uplink timing advance. The base station configures a timer for the UE through RRC signaling. The Timer is called a Time Alignment Timer (TAT) at the MAC layer. The UE uses a timer to determine whether the uplink is synchronized at the MAC layer. In general, when a UE receives a TAC (from an RAR or a TAC Media Access Control (MAC) Control unit), the UE starts or restarts a timer. If the timer expires, it is assumed that the uplink is not synchronized and the UE clears the hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) buffer, informs the RRC layer to release the PUCCH/SRS, and clears any configured downlink allocations (DL allocations) and uplink grants (UL grants). The timer is running and the UE assumes that the uplink is synchronized. Furthermore, the UE can only transmit a preamble on the uplink when the timer is not running (i.e., uplink is not synchronized).

In some embodiments, and when the uplink is not synchronized, the UE can only initiate a random access procedure to establish a connection with the cell and obtain uplink synchronization. The existing implementation of the contention-based random access procedure comprises four steps, as shown in fig. 2. As shown therein, in a first step, the UE 210 transmits a random access preamble on a PRACH opportunity. In a second step, the network node (e.g., base station, eNB, gNB)220 sends information on a downlink shared channel (DL-SCH), from which the UE obtains timing. In some embodiments, the timing may include a Timing Advance (TA), which may also be referred to as a timing adjustment amount, an arrival delay difference amount, or a timing alignment amount. The UE also obtains, for example, an MCS indication and a frequency hopping indication associated with the third step transmission information, e.g., an uplink transmission schedule related to Msg 3. The third step is to transmit the Msg3 on a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) according to the timing adjustment information and uplink data transmission scheduling information transmitted by the base station. In some embodiments, Msg3 includes information such as a connection request and a user identifier. In a fourth step, the UE receives a contention resolution message (referred to as Msg4) based on user identification information (e.g., UE ID) received by the network node.

The Msg4 (including user identifier and random access request response message feedback) message fed back to the UE is based on PRACH, which is a specific sequence selected from a base station configured PRACH resource pool, and wherein the UE randomly selects PRACH transmission from the configured resource pool. In some cases, there may be two UEs selecting the same PRACH occasion (time/frequency location and preamble index) and the base station cannot distinguish between the two UEs during the PRACH detection procedure. Therefore, in the fourth step, the base station identifies whether the user is allowed to access successfully or not by means of the user ID carried in the Msg3 in the third step; the random access procedure is considered unsuccessful if the UE does not receive feedback from the base station comprising information related to their own identity.

In the case of a 4-step random access procedure, the TA determination and adjustment is relatively accurate, but depends on the closed loop with the UE. The base station and the UE must be in a connected state and data transmission efficiency is low. With the advent of massive connectivity and low latency service requirements, these scenarios require simple, unlicensed access, and it is not expected that the TA introduces a closed-loop mechanism.

This document uses section headings and subheadings to facilitate ease of understanding, but is not intended to limit the scope of the disclosed techniques and embodiments to certain sections. Thus, the embodiments disclosed in the different sections may be used together with each other. Additionally, the examples herein that use new air interface (NR) network architecture from 3GPP and 5G protocols are merely to facilitate understanding, and the disclosed techniques and embodiments may be practiced in other wireless systems that use communication protocols other than 3GPP protocols.

Exemplary embodiments of open-loop timing adjustment

In some of the embodiments described below, the receiver may be a receiver on a satellite, a drone, a hot air balloon equipped with a receiving device, or the like. In other embodiments described below, the transmitter may be in an active state, an inactive state, or an idle state. In other embodiments described below, the satellite positioning system includes, but is not limited to, a GPS positioning system, a GLONASS positioning system, a Beidou positioning system, or a Galileo positioning system.

Example 1.In some embodiments, and as shown in fig. 3, the location information is broadcast by the base station 320 and received by the UE 310. In an example, the broadcast information may be explicit position bit information (e.g., coordinates in a predetermined coordinate system) that typically requires FEC coding protection. In another example, the broadcast information may be pilot sequences, where different pilot sequences represent different location information.

Having obtained the location of the BS 320 through broadcast, the UE 310 may determine its location using, for example, a satellite positioning system, a terrestrial positioning system, a cellular positioning system, or a base station-based positioning system. Based on the location information of the base station and its own location information, the distance d between the UE and the BS is calculated by the following formula:

here, (x)₁,y₁) Is the location of the terminal, and (x)₂,y₂) Is the location of the base station. Given this distance, the timing is adjusted (t)_TA) The following can be calculated:

t_TA＝2d/c。

here, c is the speed of light. Having calculated the timing adjustment, the UE depends on t_TAAnd transmitting the data to the base station. In some embodiments, when transmitting data, a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) and/or a number of retransmissions may be determined based on the distance d or a threshold.

In some embodiments, the subcarrier spacing of the time-frequency resources used for transmitting data may be 60kHz, 30kHz, 15kHz, 7.5kHz, 3.75kHz, or 1.25kHz, and the data symbols are CP-OFDM symbols or DFT-S-OFDM symbols. In some embodiments, the transmitted data may include user identification information, establishment cause, uplink signaling information, or information of downlink beams transmitted by the base station and acquired by the UE. In an example, the user identification information may be a unique ID having a length of 39 bits, or may be a unique ID having a length of 48 bits, or may be a temporary ID having 16 bits, such as C-RNTI. Additionally, the transmitted data may additionally include at least one of: (a) data symbols processed by spreading techniques, (b) pilot symbols or reference signals, or (c) preamble sequences. In some embodiments, the transmitted data may include information of the spreading code or an index of the spreading code in the set of codes or information of the generation of the spreading code. For example, when the k-th modulation symbol of a user is s_kIt is extended by a spreading sequence of length L, where the spreading sequence is [ c ]_k1,c_k2,…,c_kL]Wherein L is more than or equal to 1, and the obtained extension symbol is as follows:

s_k*[c_k1,c_k2,…,c_kL]＝[s_kc_k1,s_kc_k2,…,s_kc_kL]。

in an example, the cyclic prefix of the data (for CP-OFDM or DFT-S-OFDM waveforms) is an Extended CP (ECP) defined in LTE or 5G NR, which is greater than the sum of the residual TA error and the multipath delay of the channel.

Example 2.In some embodiments, the location information is broadcast by the base station and received by the UE. In an example, the broadcast information may be explicit position bit information (e.g., coordinates in a predetermined coordinate system) that typically requires FEC coding protection. In another example, the broadcast information may be pilot sequences, where different pilot sequences represent different location information.

After having obtained the location of the BS by broadcast, the UE may determine its location, for example, by measuring downlink primary or secondary synchronization signals (PSS/SSS signals, respectively) from three neighboring base stations. In an example, and as shown in fig. 4A, UE 410 may measure Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) from reference signals from

base stations

421, 422, and 423 and determine that the RSRP is approximately equal, thereby determining that it is located at a cell edge. In another example, and as shown in fig. 4B, UE 410 may measure RSRP from base station 422 that is significantly greater than RSRP from the other two base stations (421 and 423) to determine that it is located at the center of the cell. In both cases, the UE may determine the horizontal distance between the UE and the BS based on the radius information of the cell. This may be combined with the BS and UE altitude information to determine the distance d between the terminal (UE) and the base station using, for example, the following formula:

here, d₁Is the horizontal distance, h, from the terminal to the base station₁And h₂Respectively the height of the base station and the terminal. Given this distance, the timing is adjusted (t)_TA) The following can be calculated:

t_TA＝2d/c。

here, c is the speed of light. Having calculated the timing adjustment, the UE depends on t_TAAnd transmitting the data to the base station. In some embodiments, when transmitting data, a Modulation Coding Scheme (MCS) and/or a number of retransmissions may be determined based on the distance d or a threshold.

In some embodiments, forThe subcarrier interval of the time-frequency resource for transmitting data may be 60kHz, 30kHz, 15kHz, 7.5kHz, 3.75kHz, or 1.25kHz, and the data symbol is a CP-OFDM symbol or a DFT-S-OFDM symbol. In some embodiments, the transmitted data may include user identification information, establishment cause, uplink signaling information, or information of downlink beams transmitted by the base station and acquired by the UE. In an example, the user identification information may be a unique ID having a length of 39 bits, or may be a unique ID having a length of 48 bits, or may be a temporary ID having 16 bits, such as C-RNTI. Additionally, the transmitted data may additionally include at least one of: (a) data symbols processed by spreading techniques, (b) pilot symbols or reference signals, or (c) preamble sequences. In some embodiments, the transmitted data may include information of the spreading code or an index of the spreading code in the set of codes or information of the generation of the spreading code. For example, when the k-th modulation symbol of a user is s_kIt is extended by a spreading sequence of length L, where the spreading sequence is [ c ]_k1,c_k2,…,c_kL]Wherein L is more than or equal to 1, and the obtained extension symbol is as follows:

s_k*[c_k1,c_k2,…,c_kL]＝[s_kc_k1,s_kc_k2,…,s_kc_kL]。

Example 3.In some embodiments, the system information is broadcast by the base station and received by the UE. In case the frequency information of the BS has been obtained by broadcasting, the UE may determine its location, e.g. by measuring downlink primary or secondary synchronization signals (PSS/SSS signals, respectively) or reference signals, and obtain the pathloss value from the base station to the terminal (UE) by the following formula:

PL＝P_TX-P_RX。

here, the Path Loss (PL) from the base station to the terminal is the transmission power (P) of the base station_TX) And signal power (P) of the base station measured by the terminal_RX) The difference between them. The distance d between the terminal (UE) and the base station may be determined according to a path loss formula or a look-up table. In the case of determining this distance, the timing is adjusted (t)_TA) The following can be calculated:

t_TA＝2d/c。

s_k*[c_k1,c_k2,…,c_kL]＝[s_kc_k1,s_kc_k2,…,s_kc_kL]。

Example 4.In some embodiments, and as shown in fig. 5, transmissions are made between the satellite 520 and the UE 510, and location information is broadcast by the satellite 520 and received by the UE 510. The UE obtains satellite ephemeris information in the broadcast information and determines location information of the satellites, which may include longitude, latitude, and altitude information. In an example, the broadcast information may be explicit position bit information (e.g., coordinates in a predetermined coordinate system) that typically requires FEC coding protection. In another example, the broadcast information may be pilot sequences, where different pilot sequences represent different location information.

Having obtained the location of the satellites 520 through broadcast, the UE 510 may determine its location using, for example, a satellite positioning system or a terrestrial positioning system. Based on the location information of the base station and its own location information, the distance d between the UE and the satellite is calculated by the following formula:

herein, r is₁Is the mean radius of the earth, r₂Is the distance between the satellite and the center of the earth, and θ is the central angle of the earth, which is calculated using:

here, (. epsilon.,. phi.) and

latitude and longitude of terrestrial equipment (UE) and satellite, respectively. Given this distance, the timing is adjusted (t)_TA) The following can be calculated:

t_TA＝2d/c。

s_k*[c_k1,c_k2,…,c_kL]＝[s_kc_k1,s_kc_k2,…,s_kc_kL]。

Example 5.In some embodiments, the transmission is between the drone or hot-air balloon and the UE, and the location information is broadcast by the drone or hot-air balloon and received by the UE. In the case where the location of the drone or hot air balloon has been obtained by broadcast, the UE may determine its own location using, for example, a satellite positioning system or a terrestrial positioning system. Based on noThe distance d between the UE and the unmanned aerial vehicle or the hot air balloon is calculated through the following formula according to the position information of the human-machine or the hot air balloon and the position information of the human-machine or the hot air balloon:

here, (x)₁,y₁) Is the location of a ground terminal (UE), and (x)₂,y₂) Is the position of the drone or hot air balloon on the same plane. In another embodiment, the distance d between the UE and the drone or hot air balloon is calculated by the following formula:

here, (x)₁,y₁,z₁) Is the three-dimensional coordinate position of the ground terminal (UE), and (x)₂,y₂,z₂) Is the three-dimensional coordinate position of the unmanned plane or the fire balloon. Given this distance, the timing is adjusted (t)_TA) The following can be calculated:

t_TA＝2d/c。

In some embodiments, the subcarrier spacing of the time-frequency resources used for transmitting data may be 60kHz, 30kHz, 15kHz, 7.5kHz, 3.75kHz, or 1.25kHz, and the data symbols are CP-OFDM symbols or DFT-S-OFDM symbols. In some embodiments, the transmitted data may include user identification information, establishment cause, uplink signaling information, or information of downlink beams transmitted by the base station and acquired by the UE. In an example, the user identification information may be a unique ID having a length of 39 bits, or may be a unique ID having a length of 48 bits, or may be a temporary ID having 16 bits, such as C-RNTI. In addition, the transmitted data mayAdditionally comprising at least one of: (a) data symbols processed by spreading techniques, (b) pilot symbols or reference signals, or (c) preamble sequences. In some embodiments, the transmitted data may include information of the spreading code or an index of the spreading code in the set of codes or information of the generation of the spreading code. For example, when the k-th modulation symbol of a user is s_kIt is extended by a spreading sequence of length L, where the spreading sequence is [ c ]_k1,c_k2,…,c_kL]Wherein L is more than or equal to 1, and the obtained extension symbol is as follows:

s_k*[c_k1,c_k2,…,c_kL]＝[s_kc_k1,s_kc_k2,…,s_kc_kL]。

Example 6.In some embodiments, as described in embodiments 1 to 5, the UE transmits data to the base station based on a timing adjustment determined based on a distance between the UE and the BS.

In some embodiments, the Modulation Coding Scheme (MCS) and the number of retransmissions are selected, for example, based on a distance or threshold of the transmitter and receiver when transmitting data. In an example, if the threshold is greater than or equal to some first threshold, the MCS uses QPSK to define 1/2 rate codes, a preamble selected from preamble set 1, and a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) selected from DMRS set 1. Otherwise (e.g., the threshold is less than some first threshold), the MCS defines 1/5 rate codes using QPSK, a preamble selected from preamble set 2, and a DMRS selected from DMRS set 2.

In some embodiments, the subcarrier spacing of the time-frequency resources used for transmitting data may be 60kHz, 30kHz, 15kHz, 7.5kHz, 3.75kHz, or 1.25kHz, and the data symbols are CP-OFDM symbols or DFT-S-OFDM symbols. In some embodiments, the transmitted data may include user identification information, establishment cause, uplink signaling information, or downlink information transmitted by the base station and acquired by the UEInformation of the link beam. In an example, the user identification information may be a unique ID having a length of 39 bits, or may be a unique ID having a length of 48 bits, or may be a temporary ID having 16 bits, such as C-RNTI. Additionally, the transmitted data may additionally include at least one of: (a) data symbols processed by spreading techniques, (b) pilot symbols or reference signals, or (c) preamble sequences. In some embodiments, the transmitted data may include information of the spreading code or an index of the spreading code in the code set or information of the generation of the spreading code. For example, when the k-th modulation symbol of a user is s_kIt is extended by a spreading sequence of length L, where the spreading sequence is [ c ]_k1,c_k2,…,c_kL]Wherein L is more than or equal to 1, and the obtained extension symbol is as follows:

s_k*[c_k1,c_k2,…,c_kL]＝[s_kc_k1,s_kc_k2,…,s_kc_kL]。

Example 7.In some embodiments, the location information is broadcast by the base station and received by the UE. In an example, the broadcast information may be explicit position bit information (e.g., coordinates in a predetermined coordinate system) that typically requires FEC coding protection. In another example, the broadcast information may be pilot sequences, where different pilot sequences represent different location information.

In some embodiments, the uplink data transmitted by the terminal (UE) is data symbols processed using a spreading technique and then blind detection by the BS. If the transmitted data comprises information of the spreading code or the index of the spreading code in the code set or information of the generation of the spreading code, the spreading code can be used to perform an accurate reconstruction of the spread data symbols and to assist the blind detection procedure. If the uplink data includes pilot symbols, the pilot symbols are used to assist the blind detection procedure. If the uplink data includes preamble information, the preamble information is used to calibrate Timing Adjustment (TA). If the uplink information includes user identification information, user identification information is obtained. If the uplink information includes uplink signaling information, the BS acquires the uplink signaling information.

Exemplary methods of the disclosed technology

Based on the open loop timing adjustment techniques described herein, embodiments of the disclosed techniques advantageously result in reduced latency requirements and lower overhead usage, among other features. In some embodiments, the techniques of the present disclosure are characterized by the following features:

the first node obtains a distance between the first node and the second node, determines an amount of timing advance (or adjustment), and transmits data according to the amount of timing advance.

The first communication node is a terminal, a terrestrial device for satellite communication or other communication device and the second communication node is a base station, a receiver on a satellite or other communication device.

The first communication node acquires the location information of the first communication node and the second communication node and then acquires the distance between the two based on the location information of the first and second communication nodes, or the first communication node acquires the distance to the second communication node based on the downlink signal of the second communication node.

The timing advance is determined based on a formula or by using a look-up table.

The transmitted data comprises at least one of user identification information, uplink signaling information or beam information.

The transmitted data comprises at least one of data symbols, pilot symbols or reference signals or preamble sequences processed by a spreading technique.

O select a Modulation Coding Scheme (MCS) and/or a number of retransmissions based on the distance or the threshold.

The obtaining of the location information of the second communication node is based on broadcast information of the second communication node.

The obtaining of the position information of the first communication node is based on a satellite positioning system, a terrestrial positioning system, a cellular positioning system, a base station based positioning system or a downlink signal.

The first communication node acquires the distance to the second communication node based on a downlink signal from the second communication node, the downlink signal comprising a downlink primary or secondary synchronization signal (PSS/SSS, respectively) or a Reference Signal (RS).

The user identification information and the uplink signaling information are modulated using BPSK or pi/2-BPS, Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), differential BPSK modulation, differential QPSK modulation, or differential coding.

During data transmission, a set of preambles or a set of demodulation reference signals is selected based on a selected Modulation Coding Scheme (MCS).

The second communication node broadcasts its own position information, which may comprise longitude and latitude information, altitude information or ephemeris information.

Fig. 6 illustrates another example of a wireless communication method 600 for timing adjustment for data transmission. The method 600 includes, at step 602, determining, by a first device, a distance between the first device and a second device. In some embodiments, determining the distance is based on the location information of the first device and the location information of the second device.

The method 600 includes, at step 604, performing a transmission based on a timing adjustment determined using the distance.

In some embodiments, the method 600 further comprises the step of receiving location information of the second device from the second device. In some embodiments, the location information is broadcast by the second device.

In some embodiments, method 600 further comprises the steps of: receiving a reference signal from a second device; calculating a path loss value based on a Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) value determined from a reference signal; and determining the distance based on the path loss value.

In some embodiments, method 600 further comprises the steps of: receiving a plurality of downlink signals from each of a plurality of base stations; determining each of a plurality of reception power values based on each of a plurality of downlink signals; and determining a distance between the first device and the second device based on the plurality of reception power values.

In some embodiments, method 600 further comprises the steps of: receiving a plurality of reference signals from each of a plurality of base stations; determining each of a plurality of RSRP values based on each of a plurality of reference signals; and determining a location of the first device based on the plurality of RSRP values.

Fig. 7 illustrates an example of a wireless communication method 700 for timing adjustment of data transmission. This example includes some features and/or steps similar to those shown in fig. 6 and described above. At least some of these features and/or steps may not be separately described in this section.

The method 700 includes, at step 702, broadcasting, by a second device, location information of the second device.

The method 700 includes, at step 704, receiving a transmission from a first device. In some embodiments, the first device is configured to transmit the transmission based on a timing adjustment determined using the distance, and the distance is based on the location information of the first device and the location information of the second device. In some embodiments, receiving the signal is based on performing blind detection.

In some embodiments, and in the context of

methods

600 and 700, the location Information of the second device is broadcast over a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH), Master Information Block (MIB), or System Information Block (SIB). In other embodiments, the location information of the second device comprises at least one of: (a) latitude and longitude information of the second device, (b) altitude information of the second device, or (c) ephemeris information of the second device, wherein the location of the second device is determined based on at least one of (a), (b), or (c). In other embodiments, the location information of the first device is based on a satellite positioning system, a terrestrial positioning system, a cellular positioning system, or a base station based positioning system.

In some embodiments, the transmission comprises at least one of identification information of the first device, uplink signaling information, or information of a downlink beam transmitted by the base station and acquired by the UE. In an example, the transmission is modulated using Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), pi/2-BPSK, or Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), differential BPSK modulation, differential QPSK modulation, or differential coding.

In some embodiments, the transmission includes one or more of a data symbol, a reference signal, or a preamble sequence processed using a spreading technique. In an example, the transmission is spread using exactly one of a plurality of spreading sequences. In another example, the determination of the reference signal or preamble sequence is based on a modulation coding scheme.

In some embodiments, the modulation coding scheme used for transmission is based on a distance or threshold. In other embodiments, the number of retransmissions of a transmission is based on a distance or threshold. In other embodiments, the determination of the timing adjustment is based on a calculation or a look-up table. In other embodiments, the first device is one of a user terminal, a wireless device, or a terrestrial device for satellite communications, and wherein the second device is one of a base station, a network device, or a transceiver on a satellite, a hot air balloon, or a drone.

Embodiments of the disclosed technology

Fig. 8 is a block diagram representation of a portion of an apparatus in accordance with some embodiments of the disclosed technology. An apparatus 805, such as a base station or wireless device (or UE), may include processor electronics 810, such as a microprocessor implementing one or more of the techniques presented in this document. The apparatus 805 may include transceiver electronics 815 to transmit and/or receive wireless signals over one or more communication interfaces, such as antenna(s) 820. The apparatus 805 may include other communication interfaces for transmitting and receiving data. The apparatus 805 may include one or more memories (not explicitly shown) configured to store information, such as data and/or instructions. In some implementations, processor electronics 810 may include at least a portion of transceiver electronics 815. In some embodiments, at least some of the disclosed techniques, modules, or functions are implemented using the apparatus 805.

The specification and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative manner, with illustrative reference to being made to the examples, and are not intended to imply ideal or preferred embodiments unless otherwise specified. As used herein, the use of "or" is intended to include "and/or" unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

Some of the embodiments described herein are described in the general context of methods or processes, which may be implemented in one embodiment by a computer program product, embodied in a computer-readable medium, including computer-executable instructions, such as program code, executed by computers in networked environments. The computer-readable medium may include removable and non-removable storage devices including, but not limited to, Read Only Memory (ROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), Compact Disks (CDs), Digital Versatile Disks (DVDs), and the like. Thus, a computer-readable medium may include a non-transitory storage medium. Generally, program modules may include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Computer-or processor-executable instructions, associated data structures, and program modules represent examples of program code for executing steps of the methods disclosed herein. The particular sequence of such executable instructions or associated data structures represents examples of corresponding acts for implementing the functions described in such steps or processes.

Some of the disclosed embodiments may be implemented as devices or modules using hardware circuitry, software, or combinations thereof. For example, a hardware circuit implementation may include discrete analog and/or digital components that are integrated as part of a printed circuit board, for example. Alternatively or additionally, the disclosed components or modules may be implemented as Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) and/or Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) devices. Some embodiments may additionally or alternatively include a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) that is a special-purpose microprocessor having an architecture optimized for the operational requirements of digital signal processing associated with the disclosed functionality of the present application. Similarly, various components or sub-components within each module may be implemented in software, hardware, or firmware. Connectivity between modules and/or components within modules may be provided using any of the connection methods and media known in the art, including, but not limited to, communication over the internet, wired or wireless networks using appropriate protocols.

Although this document contains many specifics, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the claimed invention or of what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in this document in the context of separate embodiments can also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment can also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable subcombination. Moreover, although features may be described above as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a subcombination or variation of a subcombination. Similarly, while operations are depicted in the drawings in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results.

Only a few embodiments and examples are described and other implementations, enhancements and variations can be made based on what is described and illustrated in this disclosure.

Claims

1. A method for wireless communication between a first device and a second device, the method comprising:

determining, by the first device, a distance between the first device and the second device; and

performing a transmission based on a timing adjustment determined using the distance.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the distance is based on location information of the first device and location information of the second device.

3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:

receiving location information of the second device from the second device.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the location information is broadcast by the second device.

5. A method for wireless communication between a first device and a second device, the method comprising:

broadcasting, by the second device, location information of the second device;

receiving a transmission from the first device,

wherein the first device is configured to transmit the transmission based on a timing adjustment determined using a distance, and wherein the distance is based on location information of the first device and location information of the second device.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein receiving a signal is based on performing blind detection.

7. The method of any of claims 4-6, wherein the location information of the second device is broadcast over a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH), a Master Information Block (MIB), or a System Information Block (SIB).

8. The method of any of claims 2 to 7, wherein the location information of the second device comprises at least one of: (a) latitude and longitude information of the second device, (b) altitude information of the second device, or (c) ephemeris information of the second device, wherein the location of the second device is determined based on at least one of (a), (b), or (c).

9. The method of any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein the location information of the first device is based on a satellite positioning system, a terrestrial positioning system, a cellular positioning system, or a base station based positioning system.

10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

receiving a reference signal from the second device;

calculating a path loss value based on a Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) value determined from the reference signal; and

determining the distance based on the path loss value.

11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

receiving a plurality of downlink signals from each of a plurality of base stations;

determining each of a plurality of receive power values based on each of the plurality of downlink signals; and

determining a distance between the first device and the second device based on the plurality of receive power values.

12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

receiving a plurality of reference signals from each of a plurality of base stations;

determining each Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) value of a plurality of RSRP values based on each reference signal of the plurality of reference signals; and

determining a location of the first device based on the plurality of RSRP values.

13. The method of any of claims 1-12, wherein the transmission comprises at least one of identification information, uplink signaling information, or beam information of the first device.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the transmission is using Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), pi/2-BPSK, or Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), differential BPSK modulation, differential QPSK modulation, or differential code modulation.

15. The method of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the transmission comprises one or more of a data symbol, a reference signal, or a preamble sequence processed using a spreading technique.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the transmission is spread using exactly one of a plurality of spreading sequences.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein the determination of the reference signal or the preamble sequence is based on a modulation coding scheme.

18. The method of any of claims 1-12, wherein a modulation coding scheme used for the transmission is based on the distance or a threshold.

19. The method of any of claims 1-12, wherein a number of retransmissions of the transmission is based on the distance or a threshold.

20. The method of any of claims 1-19, wherein the determination of the timing adjustment is based on a calculation or a look-up table.

21. The method of any one of claims 1-20, wherein the first device is one of a user terminal, a wireless device, or a terrestrial device for satellite communications, and wherein the second device is one of a base station, a network device, or a transceiver on a satellite, a hot air balloon, or a drone.

22. A wireless communication apparatus comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the processor is configured to read a code from the memory and implement the method of any of claims 1 to 21.

23. A computer program product comprising a computer readable program medium code stored thereon, which when executed by a processor causes the processor to implement the method according to any of claims 1 to 21.