CN113272613A - 板型换热器加热板的换热区 - Google Patents

板型换热器加热板的换热区 Download PDF

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CN113272613A
CN113272613A CN201980087134.2A CN201980087134A CN113272613A CN 113272613 A CN113272613 A CN 113272613A CN 201980087134 A CN201980087134 A CN 201980087134A CN 113272613 A CN113272613 A CN 113272613A
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巴特洛米耶·希缅楚克
沃希切奇·米恰克
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    • F28D9/0006—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the plate-like or laminated conduits being enclosed within a pressure vessel
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Abstract

板型换热器加热板(1)的波纹换热区(4)特征在于所述波纹在其形成有凹口(45、4F)的前表面及/或侧表面具有额外局部波纹，且波纹顶线(4L)为不连续状；所述波纹顶线(4L)较佳的是多边曲线或波形线。

Description

板型换热器加热板的换热区
技术领域
本发明涉及板型换热器加热板的换热区结构。
背景技术
板型换热器由间隔设置的加热板构成，依照建构方式可分为拆解式(螺锁式、垫片式)换热器、非拆解式换热器(焊接式、熔接式、壳板式)以及部分拆解式换热器(半熔接垫片式)。拆解式板型换热器采用框架与螺丝构成可卸除的加热板套装，而其建构重点就在于加热板套装是否紧压。具有波纹图案的加热板由此通过凹口顶部彼此相接，如此能够确保密合并形成可供作用媒介在其中流动的通道。
垫片式换热器在对数温差较低的情况下具有最理想的运作效果，***的传递热负载会随着作用媒介流速加快而升高。板型换热器需要定期清洁维护。若为拆解式结构，清洁时必须将框架拆下后，再清除加热板上的灰尘。
焊接板片换热器的加热板套装是采用永久焊固结构。焊接可使用铜(一般做法)、镍或不锈钢材料，以确保在腐蚀性作业环境中具有抗蚀能力。在制造半熔接式板型换热器时，需要特别留意板片的接合方法。板片是先成对熔接后再使用垫片密封。其中一种作用媒介流过由加热板所形成的通道，而后进行冷却液或受冷却的液体在成对的板片之间流动。壳板式换热器的板片套装是设置在壳体内。
在板型换热器中，多个热板套装通过适当压合与连接形成通道，而整个热交换程序就是在这些通道的壁面上发生。组装加热板套装时，每一片后方加热板与其前方的加热板相较角度转动180°。如此定位加上螺锁、焊接、胶合或熔接，可形成独立通道，供加热或冷却媒介流通而进行热交换程序。在板型换热器中，加热板换热区的形状对换热器工作参数具有极大影响。除了热交换系数值外，换热器的另一种重要特征就是压降。在判断流体压力降低时，要分别测量交换器流体出入口的压力值，两者间的差值就是流量压降。加热板波纹图案的褶纹角越高，流量压降越高，热效率也越高；而若褶纹角较低，则流量压降较低，热交换也较少。
板型换热器内的流道可以是单程流或多程流。这是指作用媒介通过加热板热长度的次数。在多程流板型换热器中，媒介是在换热器内部回流，因此会沿加热板热长度多次流通。
板型换热器的主要优点包括热交换效率佳、设计紧密、流体用量小、操作安全可靠、可依据操作参数灵活选择换热器、装置效价比高、换热器内作用媒介湍流较高。
为提升板型换热器效率，针对加热板换热区进行优化，包括造型修改，以及换热区形状优化调整。这些做法的效果包括达成换热区的最佳形状(同时维持紧密尺寸)、湍流优化增加、减少作用媒介流动时分层、在提升热效率的同时维持或减少压降，并且在换热器中提供可变媒介速度，从而产生具有自我清洁效用的局部液体湍流。
一种现有板型换热器的加热板是在表面上设有波浪纹路，所述波浪纹路是由多边形曲线角度的臂体所构成，波纹之间彼此平行。这类加热板已见于例如P.380994、EP1094291、EP 2394129及WO 2007009615等专利文件。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供板型换热器中换热区的表面设计，借此提升热效率，优化作用媒介在换热器内部的流动，避免作用媒介在分界区域及分布区域出现层流。
依据本发明，板型换热器中加热板的波纹状换热区具有以下特征：所述波纹在其形成凹口的前表面及/或侧表面形成有额外局部波纹，且所述波纹的顶线不连续，具体而言是多边线或波形线。
额外局部波纹的特征是由以下参数所定义：
-该波纹顶线顶部所沿一轴线，以及一平行于该波纹顶线顶部的该轴线，两者之间所形成的一个张开角度是90°至179°；
-该波纹顶线顶部与该波纹顶线顶部所沿该轴线的两个交叉点，以及与该距波纹顶线顶部所沿该轴线最远且位于该波纹顶线上的一点，此三点构成一个三角形，且所述三角形的一个锐角是1°至89°；
-距该波纹顶线所沿该轴线最远且位于该波纹顶线上的该点的数量，是在该波纹顶线所沿该轴线的长度上每200mm具有至少两个；
-彼此相隔最远且位于该波纹顶线所沿该轴线相异两侧的两点之间的距离，是等于一个等腰三角形的底边的1至2000％，所述等腰三角形的两腰在一截面(1-1)上构成所述波纹侧面所沿的两条线；
-一波纹侧面的一倾斜角度是1°至89°；
-该波纹顶部的一个圆角半径是0.1mm至1000mm。
所述波纹顶线的形式较佳的是一波形线，而在该波纹顶线所沿该轴线与一直线之间的角度即是所述张开角度，所述直线与距该波纹顶线所沿该轴线最远且位于该顶线上的该点交会，且所述直线同时与此线与该波纹顶线所沿该轴线的一个交叉点交会。
所述波纹顶线的形式较佳的是一多边曲线，而在该波纹顶线所沿该轴线与一平行于该波纹顶线的轴线二者间的角度即是所述张开角度。
在标准波纹上增设额外局部波纹并/或形成多边曲线及/或波形线形状的波纹顶线，可创造局部湍流，打破流体的分界层，并局部提升流速。上述现象可局部增强热交换，从而使得在加热板上具有此形状换热区的换热器能够提升至少10％热效能。配备有本发明加热板的换热器亦较不易出现表面脏污，如此可降低清洁频率。使用额外波纹亦有助于提升加热板刚性，并对换热器工作期间产生的局部应力提供补偿，因此更能够抵抗压力和循环负载，具有延长换热器寿命的效用。
附图说明
本发明目的如图所示，图1是板型换热器的加热板前视图，显示波纹***及操作媒介所流经的标记区域；图2显示板面的波纹排列；图3及图4显示加热板波纹侧面的波纹排列；图5是使用具有本发明换热区形状加热板的例示换热器。
具体实施方式
加热板(1)的表面上设有多个可供作用媒介流经的区域：出入口区(2)、作用媒介分布区(3)及有效换热区(4)。有效换热区(4)的表面呈波纹形(图2)，且其特征在于所述波纹的侧面具有额外局部波纹(4S、4F)，且波纹顶线(4L)为多边曲线状。所述额外波纹具有以下参数：位于波纹顶线(4L)顶部所沿轴线与平行于波纹顶线(4L)顶部的轴线之间的张开角度(4α)是150°；波纹顶线(4L)顶部与波纹顶线(4L)顶部所沿该轴线的两个交叉点，以及与该距波纹顶线(4L)顶部所沿该轴线最远且位于该波纹顶线(4L)上的一点(4a)，此三点构成一个三角形，且所述三角形的一个锐角(4γ)是30°；距波纹顶线(4L)所沿轴线最远且位于波纹顶线(4L)上的点(4a)的数量，是在波纹顶线(4L)所沿该轴线的长度上每200mm具有50个；彼此相隔最远且位于波纹顶线(4L)所沿轴线相异两侧的两点(4a)之间的距离(4b)是3mm；波纹侧面的倾斜角度(4σ)是60°；波纹顶部的圆角半径(4d)是5mm。
所述加热板(1)是间隔设置在板型换热器(5)中加热板套装(6)内的部件。换热器(5)可另外地具有盖板(7)及用于安装连接换热器(5)元件的埠口(8)。换热器(5)元件，特别是加热板(1)，是采用不锈钢制成，但其材质亦可改为钛、其与各种金属的合金及/或金属合金及/或非金属及/或塑胶材料或复合材料。换热器(5)的组件连接方式为焊接，但亦可改为熔接或胶合，或是螺锁。本发明具有广泛的产业应用范围，包括能源、制药、食品、石油化学、化工、矿业、水池设备、HVAC、HVACR及污水处理厂。

Claims (4)

1.一种板型换热器加热板的换热区，所述换热区具有多个波纹，且其特征在于所述波纹于其形成有多个凹口(4S、4F)的前表面及/或侧表面具有多个额外局部波纹，且所述波纹的顶线(4L)是呈不连续状。
2.根据权利要求1的换热区，其特征在于所述额外局部波纹的特征是由以下参数所定义：
-该波纹顶线(4L)顶部所沿一轴线，以及一平行于该波纹顶线(4L)顶部的该轴线，两者之间所形成的一个张开角度(4α)是90°至179°；
-该波纹顶线(4L)顶部与该波纹顶线(4L)顶部所沿该轴线的两个交叉点，以及与该距波纹顶线(4L)顶部所沿该轴线最远且位于该波纹顶线(4L)上的一点(4a)，此三点构成一个三角形，且所述三角形的一个锐角(4γ)是1°至89°；
- 距该波纹顶线(4L)所沿该轴线最远且位于该波纹顶线(4L)上的该点(4a)的数量，是在该波纹顶线(4L)所沿该轴线的长度上每200 mm具有至少两个；
-彼此相隔最远且位于该波纹顶线(4L)所沿该轴线相异两侧的两点(4a)之间的距离(4b)，是等于一个等腰三角形的底边的1至2000%，所述等腰三角形的两腰在一截面(1-1)上构成所述波纹侧面所沿的两条线；
-一波纹侧面的一倾斜角度(4σ)是1°至89°；
- 该波纹顶部的一个圆角半径(4d)是0.1 mm至1000 mm。
3.根据权利要求1或2的换热区，其特征在于所述波纹顶线(4L)的形式是一波形线(4F)，而在该波纹顶线(4L)所沿该轴线与一直线之间的角度即是所述张开角度(4α)，所述直线与距该波纹顶线(4L)所沿该轴线最远且位于该顶线(4L)上的该点(4a)交会，且所述直线同时与此线与该波纹顶线(4L)所沿该轴线的一个交叉点交会。
4.根据权利要求1或2的换热区，其中所述波纹顶线(4L)的形式是一多边曲线(4S)，而在该波纹顶线(4L)所沿该轴线与一平行于该波纹顶线(4L)的轴线二者间的角度即是所述张开角度(4α)。
CN201980087134.2A 2019-01-04 2019-06-28 板型换热器加热板的换热区 Pending CN113272613A (zh)

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