CN113271038B - Bridge type thermal rectifier - Google Patents
Bridge type thermal rectifier Download PDFInfo
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- CN113271038B CN113271038B CN202110409875.7A CN202110409875A CN113271038B CN 113271038 B CN113271038 B CN 113271038B CN 202110409875 A CN202110409875 A CN 202110409875A CN 113271038 B CN113271038 B CN 113271038B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N11/00—Generators or motors not provided for elsewhere; Alleged perpetua mobilia obtained by electric or magnetic means
- H02N11/002—Generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/04—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using pressure differences or thermal differences occurring in nature
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bridge type thermal rectifier, which relates to the technical field of engineering thermophysics and solves the technical problem that constant power output cannot be obtained from a heat source changing along with time. As the heat source is weakened, as the temperature of the first thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate continues to drop below the temperature of the second heat capacity, the waste heat obtained by the second heat capacity from the operation of the heat engine can be dissipated from the second thermal diode to the outside through the first thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate. After a plurality of cycles, the first heat capacity and the second heat capacity are respectively maintained at a relatively stable temperature, so that the heat engine is continuously relied on for stable output.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to engineering thermophysical technology, and more particularly, to a bridge type thermal rectifier.
Background
The existing conversion utilization of a time-varying heat source (hereinafter referred to as an 'alternating current' heat source) mainly comprises the following forms: (1) the photovoltaic panel power generation technology is used for converting solar energy into electric energy in the daytime, storing the electric energy in a storage battery mode and outputting the electric energy; (2) the solar water heater absorbs solar heat in the daytime and stores the solar heat as heat energy; (3) the thermoelectric effect, including pyroelectricity (pyroelectric) and thermoelectricity (pyroelectric), directly converts a temperature difference into electric energy.
The disadvantages of the three forms are that the photovoltaic power generation and the water heater cannot solve the problem of periodic variation of external temperature, for example, the photovoltaic power generation and the water heater cannot work at night and in rainy days, and the thermoelectric effect cannot convert the 'alternating current' heat energy into constant 'direct current' power output.
Disclosure of Invention
The present disclosure provides a bridge type thermal rectifier, which has a technical object to solve the problem of obtaining a constant power output from a heat source varying with time, can solve a stable uninterrupted output of electric power even at night or in rainy weather without the sun when solar energy is used, or converts waste heat varying with time generated when an internal combustion engine, a compressor, etc. are operated into a constant electric power output. In addition, the outer space with the temperature close to absolute zero is selected as the cold end when solar energy is developed, so that the temperature difference of two ends of the heat engine is improved, and the working efficiency of the heat engine is further improved.
The technical purpose of the present disclosure is achieved by the following technical solutions:
a bridge type thermal rectifier comprises a thermal diode bridge, a first heat energy absorption/release plate, a first heat capacity, a second heat capacity and a heat engine, wherein the thermal diode bridge comprises a first thermal diode and a second thermal diode, the first thermal diode and the second thermal diode both comprise a forward bias end and a reverse bias end, the direction from the reverse bias end to the forward bias end is forward bias, and the direction from the forward bias end to the reverse bias end is reverse bias;
the forward bias end of the first thermal diode is connected with the first heat capacity, and the reverse bias end of the first thermal diode is connected with the first heat energy absorption/release plate; the forward bias end of the second thermal diode is connected with the first heat energy absorption/release plate, and the reverse bias end of the second thermal diode is connected with the second heat capacitor;
one end of the heat engine is connected with the first heat capacity, and the other end of the heat engine is connected with the second heat capacity;
wherein the ratio of the thermal resistance of the forward bias to the thermal resistance of the reverse bias is less than 0.01.
Further, the bridge thermal rectifier further comprises a second thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate, the thermal diode bridge further comprises a third thermal diode and a fourth thermal diode, and the third thermal diode and the fourth thermal diode both comprise the forward bias terminal and the reverse bias terminal;
the forward bias end of the third thermal diode is connected with the first heat capacity, and the reverse bias end of the third thermal diode is connected with the second heat energy absorption/release plate; a forward bias end of the fourth thermal diode is connected with the second heat energy absorption/release plate, and a reverse bias end of the fourth thermal diode is connected with the second heat capacity;
one end of the heat engine is connected with the first heat capacity, and the other end of the heat engine is connected with the second heat capacity.
Further, the first thermal energy absorption/release sheet comprises a selective radiation sheet that absorbs all photons having a wavelength of less than 2.5 microns and does not absorb photons having a wavelength of greater than 2.5 microns in developing solar energy.
Further, the forward bias rate is less than 0.01, the reverse bias rate is 1, the forward bias rate is equal to the ratio of forward bias thermal resistance to thermal engine thermal resistance, the reverse bias rate is equal to the ratio of reverse bias thermal resistance to thermal engine thermal resistance, and the reverse bias thermal resistance is not less than the thermal engine thermal resistance.
Further, the heat capacities of the first and second heat capacities are both greater than 5 after dimensionless processing.
The beneficial effect of this disclosure lies in: under the same environment with external temperature change, the energy conversion efficiency after the thermal diode bridge is used is greatly improved. Other advantageous effects will be described in detail with reference to the specific embodiments of the present application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a first schematic diagram of a bridge rectifier according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a second schematic diagram of the bridge rectifier according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a bridge type thermal rectifier according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a bridge type thermal rectifier according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram comparing the output power of the bridge type thermal rectifier of the present invention with that of a conventional water heater;
in the figure: 11-a first thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate; 12-a second thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate; 21-a first thermal diode; 22-a second thermal diode; 23-a third thermal diode; 24-a fourth thermal diode; 31-first heat capacity; 32-second heat capacity; 4-a heat engine.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "first", "second", "third" and "fourth" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated, but merely as distinguishing between different components.
The thermal diode according to the present invention has an operation mechanism of: when the direction of the external temperature difference is consistent with the bias direction of the thermal diode, the thermal resistance of the thermal diode is extremely small and is defined as RFwd.The heat flow can be rapidly transferred from the hot end to the cold end through the thermal diode, and when the direction of the external temperature difference is opposite to the bias direction of the thermal diode, the thermal resistance of the thermal diode is increased and is defined as RRev.And heat flow cannot be effectively transferred from the hot end to the cold end, so that the function of one-way heat conduction is realized.
The heat capacity related to the invention is defined as C, the working mechanism of the invention is that a material with good heat conductivity, usually metal, is selected, the material can be rapidly heated and cooled, and meanwhile, the heat capacity and the outside are well insulated and protected to maintain a relatively stable temperature. Wherein the first heat capacity 21 is maintained at a high temperature TH and the second heat capacity 22 is maintained at a low temperature TC.
The heat engine (which can be of any type) related by the invention has the working mechanism that one end of the heat engine is connected with a heat source, the other end of the heat engine is connected with a cold source, the heat engine applies work by utilizing the temperature difference of the two ends, and can directly output mechanical energy and also output electric energy. The operating thermal resistance of the heat engine is defined as REngine。
Fig. 1 is a first schematic diagram of a bridge-type thermal rectifier according to the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the rectifier includes a thermal diode bridge, a first thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate 11, a first thermal capacity 31, a second thermal capacity 32, and a thermal engine 4, the thermal diode bridge includes a first thermal diode 21 and a second thermal diode 22, the first thermal diode 21 and the second thermal diode 22 both include a forward bias terminal and a reverse bias terminal, a direction from the reverse bias terminal to the forward bias terminal is a forward bias, and a direction from the forward bias terminal to the reverse bias terminal is a reverse bias. The forward bias end of the first thermal diode 21 is connected with the first heat capacity 31, and the reverse bias end is connected with the first thermal energy absorption/release plate 11; the second thermal diode 22 has a forward biased end connected to the first thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate 11 and a reverse biased end connected to the second thermal capacitor 32. The heat engine 4 has one end connected to the first heat capacity 31 and the other end connected to the second heat capacity 32.
Fig. 2 is a second schematic view of the bridge type thermal rectifier according to the present invention, which comprises, as shown in fig. 2, in addition to the components shown in fig. 1, a second thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate 12, and the thermal diode bridge further comprises a third thermal diode 23 and a fourth thermal diode 24, wherein both the third thermal diode 23 and the fourth thermal diode 24 comprise the reverse bias terminal and the forward bias terminal. The forward bias end of the third thermal diode 23 is connected with the first heat capacity 31, and the reverse bias end is connected with the second thermal energy absorption/release plate 12; the fourth thermal diode 24 has a forward biased end connected to the second thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate 12 and a reverse biased end connected to the second thermal mass 32. The heat engine 4 has one end connected to the first heat capacity 31 and the other end connected to the second heat capacity 32.
The first thermal diode 21 is forward biased to be directed toward the first heat capacity 31 to ensure that heat can be transferred only from the first thermal energy absorption/release plate 11 to the first heat capacity 31, and the second thermal diode 22 is reverse biased to be directed toward the first thermal energy absorption/release plate 11 to ensure that heat can be transferred only from the second thermal energy absorption/release plate 32 to the first thermal energy absorption/release plate 11. Similarly, the second thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate 12 is connected to the third thermal diode 23 and the fourth thermal diode 24, the third thermal diode 23 is connected to the first heat capacity 31 and the second thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate 12, and the fourth thermal diode 24 is connected to the second heat capacity 22 and the second thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate 12. The third thermal diode 23 is forward biased to be directed to the heat capacity 31 to ensure that heat can be transferred only from the second thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate 12 to the first thermal capacity 31, and the fourth thermal diode 24 is reverse biased to be directed to the second thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate 12 to ensure that heat can be transferred only from the second thermal capacity 32 to the second thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate 12. The first heat capacity 31 and the second heat capacity 32 are connected by the heat engine 4, and the output of the heat engine 4 is driven by the temperature difference between the first heat capacity 31 and the second heat capacity 32.
As can be seen from fig. 1 and 2, if fig. 2 is a full-bridge structure, fig. 1 can be regarded as a half-bridge structure. When the heat capacity of the bridge type thermal rectifier is large enough and the forward (reverse) bias thermal resistance is smaller (larger) than the thermal resistance of the thermal engine, the temperature TH of the first heat capacity 31 will always be kept at a temperature higher than the highest temperature of the second heat absorption/release plate 12, while the temperature TC of the second heat capacity 32 will always be kept at a temperature lower than the lowest temperature of the second heat absorption/release plate 12, and the second heat absorption/release plate 12 will not participate in the heat exchange of the whole system, i.e. the second heat absorption/release plate 12 can be regarded as absent, and then the bridge type thermal rectifier can be simplified to a half-bridge structure (the bridge type thermal rectifier shown in fig. 2 corresponding thereto is designed to be a full-bridge structure), as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 3.
In the full-bridge configuration, as shown in fig. 2, two thermal energy absorbing/releasing plates of the bridge thermal rectifier are used as the input/output interfaces of the whole system, wherein the first thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate 11 is the main energy exchange window, and when it is heated by the outside, its temperature is higher than the first heat capacity 31 connected to it, and due to the forward bias of the first thermal diode 21, heat passes through the first thermal diode 21 from the first thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate 11 to heat the first heat capacity 31; when the external temperature is low, so that the temperature of the first thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate 11 is lower than the first thermal capacity 31 connected thereto, the forward biased first thermal diode 21 prevents the heat from flowing back, and the heat of the first thermal capacity 31 cannot flow to the first thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate 11 through the first thermal diode 21, thereby ensuring that the first thermal capacity 31 can maintain a high temperature. Conversely, when the first thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate 11 is at a higher temperature than the second thermal capacitance 32, the second thermal diode 22 is reverse biased, ensuring that the heat of the first thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate 11 cannot be transferred from the second thermal diode 22 to the second thermal capacitance 32; when the temperature of the first thermal energy absorbing/discharging plate 11 is lower than the second thermal capacitor 32, the second thermal diode 22, which is reversely biased, discharges the heat of the second thermal capacitor 32 through the second thermal diode 22, thereby ensuring that the second thermal capacitor 32 can maintain a low temperature.
The second thermal energy absorption/release plate 12 is an auxiliary energy exchange window of the whole system, and the heat source contacted therewith is generally different from the heat source contacted with the first thermal energy absorption/release plate 11 in time variation, and the high and low temperature amplitudes thereof are generally smaller than those of the heat source contacted with the first thermal energy absorption/release plate 11. The second thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate 12 not only functions to assist the heat dissipation of the second heat capacity 32 but also complements the heating of the first heat capacity 31. Functionally similar to the first thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate 11, the connected third thermal diode 23 is forward biased directed to the first heat capacity 31 and the fourth thermal diode 24 is reverse biased directed to the second heat capacity 32. If the heat source contacted by the second thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate is similar to the heat source contacted by the first thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate, the second thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate will have the same function as the first thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate, and the power output of the whole system will not change much, but the rectification effect will be better, and the fluctuation error will be reduced to 1/4 of the half-bridge mode.
As a specific example, in order to maximize the efficiency of the bridge type thermal rectifier according to the present invention, when developing solar energy, the first thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate may be designed as a selective radiating plate (shown in fig. 3 and 4), and the second thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate 12 is selected as the ground. The selective radiation plate needs to be designed by surface photonics, namely: photons with a wavelength of less than 2.5 microns are absorbed as completely as possible, and photons with a wavelength of more than 2.5 microns are not absorbed as much as possible.
In developing solar energy, in order to obtain solar energy from the first heat capacity 31 at maximum efficiency and to radiate the second heat capacity 32 to the outside at maximum efficiency, the selective radiating plate is used as the first thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate 11, and the second thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate 12 is usually another temperature source different from the periodic variation of solar energy, and its temperature is a relatively stable temperature T ∞, also called a heat sink, as shown in fig. 4. The selective radiation plate (first thermal energy absorption/release plate 11) heats the first heat capacity 31 to a relatively high temperature TH, which is generally higher than the heat sink temperature T ∞, through the first thermal diode 21, so that the heat of the first heat capacity 31 does not flow out to the heat sink through the third thermal diode 13; meanwhile, since the second thermal diode 22 is reversely biased to prevent the selective radiating plate from heating the second heat capacity 32, the temperature of the second heat capacity 32 is lower than that of the first heat capacity 31, which is called as TC, so that the heat flow of the first heat capacity 31 can flow to the second heat capacity 32 through the heat engine to drive the heat engine; since the heat sink temperature is now low, the waste heat obtained from the thermal engine transfer by the second heat capacity 32 can be dissipated into the heat sink via the fourth thermal diode 14. At night, the selective radiating plate can not obtain solar energy, but the temperature is low due to heat dissipation to the deep space and is generally lower than the heat sink, so the heating process of the first heat capacity 31 is stopped, the temperature of the first heat capacity 31 continuously decreases with the output of the heat engine, when the temperature of the first heat capacity 31 is lower than the heat sink, the heat sink can supplement heat for the first heat capacity 31, and at the moment, the waste heat obtained by the second heat capacity 32 is dissipated to the deep space from the selective radiating plate through the second thermal diode 22, thereby ensuring that the heat engine can continuously work 24 hours in the day and night.
When the system enters a steady state period, the heat sink will no longer participate in the heat exchange and the thermal diode bridge can be simplified to a half bridge mode, as shown in fig. 3. In the half-bridge structure, for example, when solar energy is converted into solar energy, the first thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate is heated by the sun (selective radiation plate is usually used in solar energy development) to obtain high temperature, the first thermal capacity 31 is heated by the first thermal diode 21 which is forward biased and directed to the first thermal capacity 31, at this time, the second thermal capacity 32 cannot be heated by the first thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate because the second thermal diode 22 is reverse biased, so that the first thermal capacity 31 is maintained at a higher temperature, and the second thermal capacity 32 is maintained at a low temperature. The heat engine 4 works by virtue of the temperature difference between the first heat capacity 31 and the second heat capacity 32. As the solar energy is weakened, the temperature of the first thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate gradually decreases to be lower than the temperature of the first thermal capacity 31, and at this time, the first thermal diode 21 is turned off, and the heat flow cannot be lost from the first thermal capacity 31 to the first thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate, so the first thermal capacity 31 continues to maintain a high temperature. When the temperature of the first thermal energy absorption/release plate continues to drop and falls below the temperature of the second heat capacity 2, the waste heat obtained by the second heat capacity 2 from the operation of the heat engine 4 can flow through the first thermal energy absorption/release plate from the second thermal diode 22 and be dissipated to the outside. After several cycles, the first heat capacity 31 and the second heat capacity 32 will each be maintained at a relatively stable temperature, and the temperature difference in each cycle will not fluctuate greatly, so that the heat engine can be continuously relied on for stable output.
As a specific embodiment, in order to maximize the efficiency of the bridge type thermal rectifier, the larger the forward-reverse bias ratio of the thermal diode, the better. But taking into account the actual heatThe performance of the diode is 70% of the ideal condition when the forward-reverse bias ratio is less than 0.01. It should be noted that the key to improving the power output of the bridge type thermal rectifier is to minimize the forward bias thermal resistance, and there is no strict requirement for the reverse bias thermal resistance, as long as it is larger than the thermal engine thermal resistance. For example, to reach 70% of maximum output power, it is required
But do not
And (4) finishing. (Forward bias ratio is defined herein as
The reverse bias ratio is defined as
The forward to reverse bias ratio is defined as RFwd./RRev.。)
To maximize the efficiency of the device, it is desirable that the heat capacity be as large as possible. However, considering that the excessive heat capacity occupies too much space in practical use, the heat capacity is dimensionless (defined as
) Subsequent dimensionless heat capacity
90% of the ideal situation can be reached (here
C is the heat capacity and τ is the period of the heat source over time, e.g., 24 hours for solar energy). The unit Joule/Kelvin (J/K) of the heat capacity is of absolute magnitude, and the heat capacity is compared with the period of the whole system and the property of the heat capacity material after non-dimensionalizationDepending on the particular material.
Under the condition of meeting the design requirements, the output fluctuation of the thermal diode half bridge or the thermal diode full bridge can be kept within 10 percent, and stable direct current output is realized. As shown in FIG. 5, the temperature of the simulated selective heat radiation plate periodically changes in the day and night is sine wave, and the dimensionless heat capacity is selected as
The forward bias ratio of the thermal diode is 0.01, the reverse bias ratio is 1, and the final output power fluctuation is only 8%. At this time, the output power of the thermal diode bridge reaches more than 3 times of that of a water heater mode (4 times of theoretical limit), and reaches more than 6 times of that of a thermoelectric device (8 times of theoretical limit).
The foregoing is illustrative of the embodiments of the present disclosure, and the scope of the present disclosure is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (1)
1. A bridge thermal rectifier comprising a thermal diode bridge, a first thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate (11), a second thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate (12), a first thermal capacity (31), a second thermal capacity (32), and a heat engine (4), the thermal diode bridge comprising a first thermal diode (21), a second thermal diode (22), a third thermal diode (23), and a fourth thermal diode (24), the first thermal diode (21), the second thermal diode (22), the third thermal diode (23), and the fourth thermal diode (24) each comprising a forward-biased end and a reverse-biased end, the direction from the reverse-biased end to the forward-biased end being forward-biased, the direction from the forward-biased end to the reverse-biased end being reverse-biased;
the forward bias end of the first thermal diode (21) is connected with the first heat capacity (31), and the reverse bias end is connected with the first thermal energy absorption/release plate (11); the forward bias end of the second thermal diode (22) is connected with the first heat energy absorption/release plate (11), and the reverse bias end of the second thermal diode is connected with the second heat capacity (32);
the forward bias end of the third thermal diode (23) is connected with the first heat capacity (31), and the reverse bias end is connected with the second thermal energy absorption/release plate (12); the forward biased end of the fourth thermal diode (24) is connected with the second thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate (12) and the reverse biased end is connected with the second heat capacity (32);
one end of the heat engine (4) is connected with the first heat capacity (31), and the other end of the heat engine is connected with the second heat capacity (32);
wherein the ratio of the thermal resistance of the forward bias to the thermal resistance of the reverse bias is less than 0.01;
two thermal energy absorbing/releasing plates of the bridge type thermal rectifier are used as input/output interfaces of the whole system, wherein a first thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate (11) is a main energy exchange window, when the thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate is heated by the outside, the temperature of the thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate is higher than a first heat capacity (31) connected with the thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate, and due to the forward bias of a first thermal diode (21), heat passes through the first thermal diode (21) from the first thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate (11) to heat the first heat capacity (31); when the external temperature is low, so that the temperature of the first heat energy absorption/release plate (11) is lower than that of the first heat capacity (31) connected with the first heat energy absorption/release plate, the forward biased first thermal diode (21) prevents heat from flowing back, and the heat of the first heat capacity (31) cannot be lost to the first heat energy absorption/release plate (11) through the first thermal diode (21), so that the first heat capacity (31) can be ensured to be capable of maintaining high temperature; conversely, when the first thermal energy absorption/release plate (11) is at a higher temperature than the second thermal capacity (32), the second thermal diode (22) is reverse biased, ensuring that the heat of the first thermal energy absorption/release plate (11) cannot be transferred from the second thermal diode (22) to the second thermal capacity (32); when the temperature of the first heat energy absorbing/releasing plate (11) is lower than that of the second heat capacity (32), the second thermal diode (22) which is reversely biased releases the heat of the second heat capacity (32) through the second thermal diode (22), thereby ensuring that the second heat capacity (32) can maintain low temperature;
the second heat energy absorption/release plate (12) is an auxiliary energy exchange window of the whole system, a heat source contacted with the second heat energy absorption/release plate and a heat source contacted with the first heat energy absorption/release plate (11) change along with time, and the high and low temperature amplitude of the second heat energy absorption/release plate is smaller than that of the heat source contacted with the first heat energy absorption/release plate (11); the second heat energy absorbing/releasing plate (12) not only takes on the function of assisting the heat dissipation of the second heat capacity (32), but also supplements the heating of the first heat capacity (31); the third thermal diode 23 connected is forward biased to point to the first heat capacity (31), and the fourth thermal diode 24 is reverse biased to point to the second heat capacity (32);
in order to maximize the efficiency of the bridge rectifier, in developing solar energy, the first thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate is a selective radiating plate, and the second thermal energy absorbing/releasing plate (12) is selected as the ground; the selective radiation plate absorbs all photons with the wavelength less than 2.5 microns and does not absorb photons with the wavelength more than 2.5 microns; the forward bias rate is less than 0.01, the reverse bias rate is greater than 1, the forward bias rate is equal to the ratio of forward bias thermal resistance to thermal resistance of a heat engine, the reverse bias rate is equal to the ratio of reverse bias thermal resistance to thermal resistance of the heat engine, and the reverse bias thermal resistance is not less than the thermal resistance of the heat engine; the heat capacities of the first heat capacity (31) and the second heat capacity (32) are both greater than 5 after dimensionless processing.
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| WO2022217986A1 (en) | 2022-10-20 |
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