CN113270611A - Fuel cell thermal management system and method - Google Patents
Fuel cell thermal management system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113270611A CN113270611A CN202110379277.XA CN202110379277A CN113270611A CN 113270611 A CN113270611 A CN 113270611A CN 202110379277 A CN202110379277 A CN 202110379277A CN 113270611 A CN113270611 A CN 113270611A
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 302
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04044—Purification of heat exchange media
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04358—Temperature; Ambient temperature of the coolant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04417—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of the coolant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04955—Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of fuel cell management, and provides a fuel cell thermal management system and a method, wherein the fuel cell thermal management system comprises the following steps: the system comprises a fuel cell stack, a water outlet information collection unit, a water inlet information collection unit, an MFDU flow distribution unit, a water pump water inlet flow meter, a deionizer, a PTC heater, a cooling fan and an expansion kettle. The MFDU flow distribution unit is adopted to carry out seamless switching of different circulation loops, and the effect of changing the cooling water temperature before and after the loop switching is greatly reduced; the direct current channel is added, when the cooling loop does not need to heat cooling water, the PTC heater loop can be directly connected with the direct current channel loop due to large water resistance, water flow is improved, and operation output power change of the fuel cell system is better matched.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fuel cell management, in particular to a fuel cell thermal management system and a fuel cell thermal management method.
Background
In the operation process of the fuel cell system, it is very important to ensure a proper temperature environment during the operation of the fuel cell, which has a great influence on the power performance of its output, the operation life, and the like.
The big or small circulation of cooling water route of fuel cell system relies on traditional electron thermostat or three-way valve to realize usually, and the water pump operation back provides the flow and the pressure in water route and gets into the pile cooling, selects big circulation and little circulation to dispel the heat and the heating demand according to current temperature at pile cooling water outlet through electron thermostat or three-way valve, and then guarantees that the temperature is in certain extent.
In the existing fuel cell thermal management system, the control of the rotating speed of a fan is generally carried out through the temperature value acquired by a galvanic pile water inlet temperature sensor, the control of the rotating speed of a water pump is carried out through the temperature difference between the water inlet temperature and the water outlet temperature, the temperature control strategy is only according to the change of the temperature, and the change of the temperature per se has great delay, so that the lag on temperature control is caused, the overshoot of the control of other performance parameters is larger, in addition, the control of the water pump and a cooling fan is also subjected to a coupling phenomenon, and the control is difficult to realize.
The above is only for the purpose of assisting understanding of the technical aspects of the present invention, and does not represent an admission that the above is prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to solve the technical problems that the overshooting of performance parameter control is large, and in addition, the control of a water pump and a cooling fan is also coupled, so that the control is difficult to realize in the prior art.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a fuel cell thermal management system, comprising: the system comprises a fuel cell stack, a water outlet information collection unit, a water inlet information collection unit, an MFDU flow distribution unit, a water pump water inlet flow meter, a deionizer, a PTC heater, a cooling fan and an expansion kettle;
the water outlet of the fuel cell stack is connected with the water inlet of the water outlet information collecting unit, and the water outlet of the water outlet information collecting unit is connected with the port a of the MFDU flow distribution unit and the water inlet of the deionizer;
the water inlet of the fuel cell stack is connected with the water outlet of the water inlet information collecting unit, the water inlet of the water inlet information collecting unit is connected with the water outlet of the water pump, and the water inlet of the water pump is connected with the water outlet of the water inlet flowmeter of the water pump;
the water inlet of the water pump water inlet flow meter is connected with the water outlet of the deionizer, the port b of the MFDU flow distribution unit, the water outlet of the PTC heater, the water outlet of the cooling fan and the expansion kettle;
the port c of the MFDU flow distribution unit is connected with the water inlet of the PTC heater;
and the d port of the MFDU flow distribution unit is connected with the water inlet of the cooling fan.
Preferably, the effluent information collecting unit includes: a water outlet pressure sensor and a water outlet temperature sensor;
the water inlet of the water outlet pressure sensor is connected with the water outlet of the fuel cell stack, the water outlet of the water outlet pressure sensor is connected with the water inlet of the water outlet temperature sensor, and the water outlet of the water outlet temperature sensor is connected with the port a of the MFDU flow distribution unit and the water inlet of the deionizer
Preferably, the inflow water information collecting unit includes: a water inlet pressure sensor and a water inlet temperature sensor;
the delivery port of the water inlet pressure sensor is connected with the water inlet of the fuel cell stack, the water inlet of the water inlet pressure sensor is connected with the delivery port of the water inlet temperature sensor, and the water inlet of the water inlet temperature sensor is connected with the delivery port of the water pump.
Preferably, still include whole car the control unit, whole car the control unit with the fuel cell pile go out the water information collection unit the information collection unit of intaking the MFDU flow distribution unit the water pump intake flowmeter deionizer the PTC heater with radiator fan electric connection.
Preferably, the MFDU flow distribution unit is a four-channel valve;
the ports a, b, c and d of the MFDU flow distribution unit can be mutually connected or disconnected.
A method of fuel cell thermal management comprising the steps of:
s1: the whole vehicle control unit controls the fuel cell to start, selects the starting mode of the fuel cell, and controls the fuel cell thermal management system to perform corresponding operation according to the starting mode;
s2: entering an operating state after the fuel cell is started; the whole vehicle control unit detects water inlet information and water outlet information of the fuel cell stack in real time through the water outlet information collecting unit and the water inlet information collecting unit; the whole vehicle control unit controls the fuel cell thermal management system to perform corresponding operation according to the water inlet information and the water outlet information;
s3: if the whole vehicle control unit receives a shutdown command, controlling the fuel cell thermal management system to perform shutdown operation; otherwise, return to S2.
Preferably, step S1 is specifically:
s11: the whole vehicle control unit controls the water pump to start, and the water outlet of the fuel cell stack is opened;
s12: if the starting mode of the fuel cell is the starting at the normal temperature, the finished automobile control unit controls the communication between the port a and the port b of the MFDU flow distribution unit, and the port c and the port d are closed;
if the starting mode of the fuel cell is low-temperature starting, the finished automobile control unit controls the port a and the port c of the MFDU flow distribution unit to be communicated, the port b and the port d to be closed, and the PTC heater is started to perform heating operation.
Preferably, step S2 is specifically:
s21: the whole vehicle control unit detects the water outlet pressure and the water outlet temperature of the fuel cell stack in real time through a water outlet pressure sensor and a water outlet temperature sensor in the water outlet information collecting unit; detecting the water inlet pressure and the water inlet temperature of the fuel cell stack in real time through a water inlet pressure sensor and a water inlet temperature sensor in the water inlet information collecting unit;
s22: if the water outlet temperature is higher than the water inlet temperature and the absolute value of the difference is higher than or equal to a preset value T1If so, the port a, the port b and the port d of the MFDU flow distribution unit are communicated, and the port c is closed; starting a heat radiation fan;
if the water outlet temperature is higher than the water inlet temperature and the absolute value of the difference is higher than or equal to a preset value T2If so, the port a and the port d of the MFDU flow distribution unit are communicated, and the port b and the port c are closed; starting the heat dissipation fan; wherein T is2＞T1；
S23: if the outlet water temperature is lower than the inlet water temperature and the absolute value of the difference is greater than or equal to a preset value T1If so, the port a, the port b and the port c of the MFDU flow distribution unit are communicated, and the port d is closed; starting the PTC heater;
if the outlet water temperature is lower than the inlet water temperature and the absolute value of the difference is greater than or equal to a preset value T2If yes, the port a and the port c of the MFDU flow distribution unit are connected, and the port b and the port d are closed; starting the PTC heater;
s24: if the values of the outlet pressure and the inlet pressure are both smaller than a preset value P1The whole vehicle control unit increases the rotating speed of the water pump;
if the values of the outlet pressure and the inlet pressure are both larger than or equal to a preset value P2The whole vehicle control unit reduces the rotating speed of the water pump; wherein P is2＞P1。
Preferably, step S3 is specifically:
s31: after the finished automobile control unit receives a shutdown command, the fuel cell stack is controlled to stop working, the port a and the port b of the MFDU flow distribution unit are communicated, and the port c and the port d are closed;
s32: and if the water outlet temperature of the fuel cell stack is equal to the water inlet temperature or after a preset time t, the whole vehicle control unit controls the fuel cell thermal management system to stop working, and the process is ended.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the MFDU flow distribution unit is adopted to carry out seamless switching of different circulation loops, and the effect of changing the cooling water temperature before and after the loop switching is greatly reduced;
2. the direct current channel is added, when the cooling loop does not need to heat cooling water, the PTC heater loop can be directly connected with the direct current channel loop due to large water resistance, water flow is improved, and operation output power change of the fuel cell system is better matched.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a prior art fuel cell thermal management system;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a fuel cell thermal management system of the present invention;
the system comprises a fuel cell stack 1, a water outlet pressure sensor 2, a water outlet temperature sensor 3, an MFDU flow distribution unit 4, a water pump 5, a water inlet flow meter of the water pump 6, a deionizer 7, a PTC heater 8, a cooling fan 9, an expansion kettle 10, a water inlet pressure sensor 11 and a water inlet temperature sensor 12;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a fuel cell thermal management method of the present invention;
the implementation, functional features and advantages of the objects of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, in a conventional thermal management system for a fuel cell, cooling water may be cooled by a heat exchanger in a large circulation loop through an electronic thermostat or a three-way valve, and heated by a PTC heater in a small circulation loop; the flow channel has three modes, namely, a large circulation mode, a small circulation mode and a large circulation mode and a small circulation mode;
when the water temperature in the cooling loop does not need to dissipate heat, such as a starting stage; the cooling water can flow through a small circulation loop, and at the moment, because the small circulation loop is provided with the PTC heater, the water resistance of a water path is larger, and when the fuel cell has a larger power requirement, the response time of the system is longer;
the electronic thermostat also has different degrees of influence on the working performance of the fuel cell, according to the physical characteristics of the electronic thermostat, under the condition of no electricity, when the water temperature reaches the initial opening temperature of the electronic thermostat, paraffin in the thermostat begins to melt, the thermostat begins to be opened gradually, and when the water temperature reaches the full opening temperature of the electronic thermostat, the thermostat is completely opened; the thermostat is short in time from full-off to full-on, has a large influence on the water temperature, and can cause the situation that the water temperature is reduced more after full-on;
on the other hand, under the electrified condition, the thermostat can set the initial opening temperature of the thermostat to be advanced through the given required heating power, and similarly, the thermostat is short in time from full closing to full opening after reaching the initial opening temperature and has a large influence on the temperature;
therefore, in the existing fuel cell thermal management system, the control of the rotating speed of the fan is generally carried out through the temperature value acquired by the water inlet temperature sensor of the electric pile, the control of the rotating speed of the water pump is carried out through the temperature difference between the water inlet temperature and the water outlet temperature, the temperature control strategy is only according to the change of the temperature, and the change of the temperature per se has great delay, so that the lag in temperature control is caused, the overshoot of the control of other performance parameters is larger, in addition, the control of the water pump and the heat dissipation fan also has a coupling phenomenon, and the control is difficult to realize.
Referring to fig. 2, to solve the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a fuel cell thermal management system, which specifically includes: the system comprises a fuel cell stack 1, a water outlet information collection unit, a water inlet information collection unit, an MFDU flow distribution unit 4, a water pump 5, a water pump water inlet flow meter 6, a deionizer 7, a PTC heater 8, a cooling fan 9 and an expansion kettle 10;
the water outlet of the fuel cell stack 1 is connected with the water inlet of the water outlet information collecting unit, and the water outlet of the water outlet information collecting unit is connected with the port a of the MFDU flow distribution unit 4 and the water inlet of the deionizer 7;
the water inlet of the fuel cell stack 1 is connected with the water outlet of the water inlet information collecting unit, the water inlet of the water inlet information collecting unit is connected with the water outlet of the water pump 5, and the water inlet of the water pump 5 is connected with the water outlet of the water inlet flowmeter 6 of the water pump;
the water inlet of the water pump inlet flowmeter 6 is connected with the water outlet of the deionizer 7, the port b of the MFDU flow distribution unit 4, the water outlet of the PTC heater 8, the water outlet of the cooling fan 9 and the expansion kettle 10;
the port c of the MFDU flow distribution unit 4 is connected with the water inlet of the PTC heater 8;
the d port of the MFDU flow distribution unit 4 is connected with the water inlet of the cooling fan 9;
in the concrete implementation, a water pump 5 provides cooling water flow and pressure to enter a fuel cell stack 1 after running, a water inlet temperature sensor 12 and a water inlet pressure sensor 11 are arranged before entering the fuel cell stack 1 for detecting inlet cooling water temperature and pressure, cooling water flows through a cooling channel inside the fuel cell stack 1 and then brings heat generated by the fuel cell stack 1 out to an MFDU flow distribution unit 4 through a water outlet of the fuel cell stack 1, a water outlet temperature sensor 3 and a water outlet pressure sensor 2 are arranged at a water outlet of the fuel cell stack 1 for detecting outlet cooling water temperature and pressure, a whole vehicle control unit realizes distribution of flow on different water paths by controlling the MFDU flow distribution unit 4, and further reasonably realizes control of water temperature; the ion concentration content in the cooling water is reduced by connecting a deionizer 7 in parallel in front of a water inlet and a water outlet of the fuel cell stack 1; and finally, the different flow units are converged to a water pump inlet flowmeter 6 of the water pump 5 and then return to the water inlet of the water pump.
In this embodiment, the effluent information collecting unit includes: a water outlet pressure sensor 2 and a water outlet temperature sensor 3;
the water inlet of the water outlet pressure sensor 2 is connected with the water outlet of the fuel cell stack 1, the water outlet of the water outlet pressure sensor 2 is connected with the water inlet of the water outlet temperature sensor 3, and the water outlet of the water outlet temperature sensor 3 is connected with the port a of the MFDU flow distribution unit 4 and the water inlet of the deionizer 7.
In this embodiment, the water inlet information collecting unit includes: a water inlet pressure sensor 11 and a water inlet temperature sensor 12;
the delivery port of pressure sensor 11 of intaking with the water inlet of fuel cell pile 1 is connected, the water inlet of pressure sensor 11 of intaking with the delivery port of temperature sensor 12 of intaking is connected, the water inlet of temperature sensor 12 of intaking with the delivery port of water pump 5 is connected.
In this embodiment, still include whole car the control unit, whole car the control unit with fuel cell pile 1 the information collection unit that goes out water, the information collection unit that intakes water, MFDU flow distribution unit 4 the water pump 5 the water pump flowmeter of intaking 6 deionizer 7 PTC heater 8 with radiator fan 9 electric connection.
In this embodiment, the MFDU flow distribution unit 4 is a four-channel valve;
the ports a, b, c and d of the MFDU flow distribution unit 4 can be connected or disconnected with each other.
Referring to fig. 3, a method of fuel cell thermal management, comprising the steps of:
s1: the whole vehicle control unit controls the fuel cell to start, selects the starting mode of the fuel cell, and controls the fuel cell thermal management system to perform corresponding operation according to the starting mode;
s2: entering an operating state after the fuel cell is started; the whole vehicle control unit detects the water inlet information and the water outlet information of the fuel cell stack 1 in real time through the water outlet information collecting unit and the water inlet information collecting unit; the whole vehicle control unit controls the fuel cell thermal management system to perform corresponding operation according to the water inlet information and the water outlet information;
s3: if the whole vehicle control unit receives a shutdown command, controlling the fuel cell thermal management system to perform shutdown operation; otherwise, return to S2.
In this embodiment, step S1 specifically includes:
s11: the whole vehicle control unit controls the water pump 5 to start, and the water outlet of the fuel cell stack 1 is opened;
s12: if the starting mode of the fuel cell is the starting at the normal temperature, the finished automobile control unit controls the communication between the port a and the port b of the MFDU flow distribution unit 4, and the port c and the port d are closed;
if the starting mode of the fuel cell is low-temperature starting, the whole vehicle control unit controls the port a and the port c of the MFDU flow distribution unit 4 to be communicated, the port b and the port d to be closed, and the PTC heater 8 is started to carry out heating operation.
In this embodiment, the step S2 is specifically as follows:
s21: the whole vehicle control unit detects the water outlet pressure and the water outlet temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 in real time through the water outlet pressure sensor 2 and the water outlet temperature sensor 3 in the water outlet information collecting unit; the water inlet pressure sensor 11 and the water inlet temperature sensor 12 in the water inlet information collecting unit are used for detecting the water inlet pressure and the water inlet temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 in real time;
s22: if the water outlet temperature is higher than the water inlet temperature and the absolute value of the difference is higher than or equal to a preset value T1If yes, the port a, the port b and the port d of the MFDU flow distribution unit 4 are communicated, and the port c is closed; starting the heat radiation fan 9;
if the water outlet temperature is higher than the water inlet temperature and the absolute value of the difference is higher than or equal to a preset value T2If yes, the port a and the port d of the MFDU flow distribution unit 4 are communicated, and the port b and the port c are closed; starting the heat radiation fan 9; wherein T is2＞T1；
S23: if the outlet water temperature is lower than the inlet water temperature and the absolute value of the difference is greater than or equal to a preset value T1If yes, the port a, the port b and the port c of the MFDU flow distribution unit 4 are communicated, and the port d is closed; starting the PTC heater 8;
if the outlet water temperature is lower than the inlet water temperature and the absolute value of the difference is greater than or equal to a preset value T2If yes, the port a and the port c of the MFDU flow distribution unit 4 are connected, and the port b and the port d are closed; starting upThe PTC heater 8;
s24: if the values of the outlet pressure and the inlet pressure are both smaller than a preset value P1Then the whole vehicle control unit increases the rotating speed of the water pump 5;
if the values of the outlet pressure and the inlet pressure are both larger than or equal to a preset value P2The whole vehicle control unit reduces the rotating speed of the water pump 5; wherein P is2＞P1；
In a specific implementation, the preset value T1A preset value T2A predetermined value P1And a preset value P2Can be specifically set according to actual conditions.
In this embodiment, step S3 specifically includes:
s31: after receiving a shutdown command, the whole vehicle control unit controls the fuel cell stack 1 to stop working, the port a and the port b of the MFDU flow distribution unit 4 are communicated, and the port c and the port d are closed;
s32: and if the water outlet temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 is equal to the water inlet temperature or after a preset time t, the whole vehicle control unit controls the fuel cell thermal management system to stop working, and the process is ended.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or system that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or system. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or system that comprises the element.
The above-mentioned serial numbers of the embodiments of the present invention are merely for description and do not represent the merits of the embodiments. In the unit claims enumerating several means, several of these means may be embodied by one and the same item of hardware. The use of the words first, second, third and the like do not denote any order, but rather the words first, second and the like may be interpreted as indicating any order.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by using the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A fuel cell thermal management system, comprising: the system comprises a fuel cell stack (1), a water outlet information collection unit, a water inlet information collection unit, an MFDU flow distribution unit (4), a water pump (5), a water pump water inlet flow meter (6), a deionizer (7), a PTC heater (8), a cooling fan (9) and an expansion kettle (10);
the water outlet of the fuel cell stack (1) is connected with the water inlet of the water outlet information collecting unit, and the water outlet of the water outlet information collecting unit is connected with the a port of the MFDU flow distribution unit (4) and the water inlet of the deionizer (7);
the water inlet of the fuel cell stack (1) is connected with the water outlet of the water inlet information collecting unit, the water inlet of the water inlet information collecting unit is connected with the water outlet of the water pump (5), and the water inlet of the water pump (5) is connected with the water outlet of the water pump water inlet flowmeter (6);
the water inlet of the water pump water inlet flow meter (6) is connected with the water outlet of the deionizer (7), the port b of the MFDU flow distribution unit (4), the water outlet of the PTC heater (8), the water outlet of the cooling fan (9) and the expansion kettle (10);
the port c of the MFDU flow distribution unit (4) is connected with the water inlet of the PTC heater (8);
and the d port of the MFDU flow distribution unit (4) is connected with the water inlet of the cooling fan (9).
2. The fuel cell thermal management system of claim 1, wherein the effluent information collection unit comprises: a water outlet pressure sensor (2) and a water outlet temperature sensor (3);
the water inlet of the water outlet pressure sensor (2) is connected with the water outlet of the fuel cell stack (1), the water outlet of the water outlet pressure sensor (2) is connected with the water inlet of the water outlet temperature sensor (3), and the water outlet of the water outlet temperature sensor (3) is connected with the port a of the MFDU flow distribution unit (4) and the water inlet of the deionizer (7).
3. The fuel cell thermal management system of claim 1, wherein the inlet water information collecting unit comprises: a water inlet pressure sensor (11) and a water inlet temperature sensor (12);
the delivery port of pressure sensor (11) of intaking with the water inlet of fuel cell pile (1) is connected, the water inlet of pressure sensor (11) of intaking with the delivery port of temperature sensor (12) of intaking is connected, the water inlet of temperature sensor (12) of intaking with the delivery port of water pump (5) is connected.
4. The fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 1, further comprising a vehicle control unit electrically connected to the fuel cell stack (1), the water outlet information collection unit, the water inlet information collection unit, the MFDU flow distribution unit (4), the water pump (5), the water pump inlet flow meter (6), the deionizer (7), the PTC heater (8), and the heat dissipation fan (9).
5. The fuel cell thermal management system of claim 1, wherein the MFDU flow distribution unit (4) is a four-way valve;
the ports a, b, c and d of the MFDU flow distribution unit (4) can be mutually connected or disconnected.
6. A method of fuel cell thermal management, comprising the steps of:
s1: the whole vehicle control unit controls the fuel cell to start, selects the starting mode of the fuel cell, and controls the fuel cell thermal management system to perform corresponding operation according to the starting mode;
s2: entering an operating state after the fuel cell is started; the whole vehicle control unit detects the water inlet information and the water outlet information of the fuel cell stack (1) in real time through the water outlet information collecting unit and the water inlet information collecting unit; the whole vehicle control unit controls the fuel cell thermal management system to perform corresponding operation according to the water inlet information and the water outlet information;
s3: if the whole vehicle control unit receives a shutdown command, controlling the fuel cell thermal management system to perform shutdown operation; otherwise, return to S2.
7. The fuel cell thermal management method according to claim 6, wherein step S1 specifically comprises:
s11: the whole vehicle control unit controls the water pump (5) to start, and the water outlet of the fuel cell stack (1) is opened;
s12: if the starting mode of the fuel cell is the starting at the normal temperature, the finished automobile control unit controls the communication between the port a and the port b of the MFDU flow distribution unit (4), and the port c and the port d are closed;
if the starting mode of the fuel cell is low-temperature starting, the whole vehicle control unit controls the port a and the port c of the MFDU flow distribution unit (4) to be communicated, the port b and the port d are closed, and the PTC heater (8) is started to perform heating operation.
8. The fuel cell thermal management method according to claim 6, wherein step S2 specifically comprises:
s21: the whole vehicle control unit detects the water outlet pressure and the water outlet temperature of the fuel cell stack (1) in real time through a water outlet pressure sensor (2) and a water outlet temperature sensor (3) in the water outlet information collecting unit; the water inlet pressure sensor (11) and the water inlet temperature sensor (12) in the water inlet information collecting unit are used for detecting the water inlet pressure and the water inlet temperature of the fuel cell stack (1) in real time;
s22: if the outlet water temperature is greater than the inlet water temperature and the difference value isAbsolute value greater than or equal to preset value T1If yes, the port a, the port b and the port d of the MFDU flow distribution unit (4) are communicated, and the port c is closed; starting a heat radiation fan (9);
if the water outlet temperature is higher than the water inlet temperature and the absolute value of the difference is higher than or equal to a preset value T2If yes, the port a and the port d of the MFDU flow distribution unit (4) are communicated, and the port b and the port c are closed; -activating the cooling fan (9); wherein T is2＞T1；
S23: if the outlet water temperature is lower than the inlet water temperature and the absolute value of the difference is greater than or equal to a preset value T1If yes, the port a, the port b and the port c of the MFDU flow distribution unit (4) are communicated, and the port d is closed; starting the PTC heater (8);
if the outlet water temperature is lower than the inlet water temperature and the absolute value of the difference is greater than or equal to a preset value T2If so, the port a and the port c of the MFDU flow distribution unit (4) are connected, and the port b and the port d are closed; -activating the PTC heater (8);
s24: if the values of the outlet pressure and the inlet pressure are both smaller than a preset value P1The whole vehicle control unit increases the rotating speed of the water pump (5);
if the values of the outlet pressure and the inlet pressure are both larger than or equal to a preset value P2The whole vehicle control unit reduces the rotating speed of the water pump (5); wherein P is2＞P1。
9. The fuel cell thermal management method according to claim 6, wherein step S3 specifically comprises:
s31: after the whole vehicle control unit receives a shutdown command, the fuel cell stack (1) is controlled to stop working, the port a and the port b of the MFDU flow distribution unit (4) are communicated, and the port c and the port d are closed;
s32: and if the water outlet temperature of the fuel cell stack (1) is equal to the water inlet temperature or after a preset time t, the whole vehicle control unit controls the fuel cell thermal management system to stop working, and the process is ended.
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| CN202110379277.XA CN113270611A (en) | 2021-04-08 | 2021-04-08 | Fuel cell thermal management system and method |
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