CN113267824B - Human body detection protection method and device in laser processing area - Google Patents
Human body detection protection method and device in laser processing area Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V8/00—Prospecting or detecting by optical means
- G01V8/10—Detecting, e.g. by using light barriers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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Abstract
The invention discloses a human body detection protection method and a protection device in a laser processing area, wherein the protection method comprises the steps of equipment debugging, opening the protection device, detecting the human body, closing the laser processing equipment after the processing is finished, closing the protection device and the like; the protection device comprises a laser processing assembly and a protection assembly, and the protection assembly is connected with the laser processing assembly; the laser processing assembly comprises a laser and a laser processing head, the protection assembly comprises a laser indication light source, a photoelectric detector and a processor, the processor controls the laser indication light source to emit indication light to irradiate on a path of an operator body entering a processing area and in the processing area, and the processor controls the laser to be turned on or turned off. The beneficial effects are that: the invention has high safety protection performance, simple and convenient operation and strong anti-interference capability, and can effectively ensure the personal safety of staff.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a protection method and a protection device in a laser processing process, in particular to a human body detection protection method and a protection device in a laser processing area, and belongs to the technical field of laser processing.
Background
The laser processing technology adopts laser with high energy density and good directivity as a tool, has the advantages of high equipment integration level, flexible operation, no damage and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of large ocean engineering, ships, aerospace and the like. In the laser processing, although the operator wears goggles and wears protective clothing, the operator operates the protective clothing in a space with a poor visual field, and the operator may be injured.
At present, an infrared sensor is mainly used as a sensing device to detect whether a human body exists in a processing area, so that the safety protection of laser processing is improved. Because the infrared sensor is easily interfered by the environment, when the environment temperature is increased, the sensitivity of the infrared sensor is greatly reduced, and a transient failure condition can occur sometimes; meanwhile, the infrared ray penetrability is poor, infrared radiation is easy to be shielded, and hidden potential safety hazards exist by utilizing measures of infrared detection to increase safety protection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the invention aims at solving the problems and defects existing in the prior art and provides a human body detection protection method and a protection device in a laser processing area; the laser is used for indicating the light source and the special diffuse reflection light information of the human skin, the start and stop of the laser processing equipment are controlled through the feedback signal, the laser is prevented from damaging the human body, and the safety protection of laser processing is realized.
The technical scheme is as follows: a human body detection protection method in a laser processing area comprises the following steps:
step one, debugging equipment; adjusting the distance between the protective device and the area to be processed, calculating a monitoring threshold according to the distance, and inputting the monitoring threshold into the protective device;
Step two, starting a protective device;
And thirdly, detecting the human body, comparing the monitoring value with a threshold value by the protective device, judging whether the processing area has human body tissues or not, if so, closing the laser processing equipment, if not, opening the laser processing equipment, and after the processing is finished, closing the laser processing equipment and then closing the protective device.
According to the invention, the human body in the processing area is detected by detecting that the diffuse reflection intensity of the human body or the protective clothing for light is different from the diffuse reflection intensity of the workpiece to be processed for light, so that the protection method is realized, the laser processing process can be continuously protected by real-time monitoring, the anti-interference capability is strong, and the personal safety of staff can be effectively ensured.
Preferably, in order to obtain a suitable threshold range, the method for calculating the monitoring threshold in the step one is as follows:
Obtaining a functional relation between a monitoring threshold and the distance from the protective device to the area to be processed through fitting experimental data;
Firstly, setting the distance from a protective device to a region to be processed, starting the protective device to irradiate a workpiece to be processed, obtaining an optical signal of reflected light, converting the optical signal into a voltage signal, and selecting the average value of the voltage signal multiplied by a safety coefficient as a threshold value;
Secondly, fitting experimental data of different distances to obtain a threshold curve, and obtaining a functional relation between a monitoring threshold and the distance from the protective device to the area to be processed according to the threshold curve fitting: y=ae （-x/B） + C,
Wherein: x is the distance (cm) of the guard from the process area, y is the voltage value (mV) of the monitor threshold, A, B, C is constant, where a is 6425.3, b is 1.3, and c is 69.3.
The monitoring threshold value can be obtained rapidly by measuring the distance from the protective device to the processing area, and the operation is simple and convenient.
Preferably, in order to further acquire a suitable threshold range, the method for determining the safety coefficient is as follows:
And selecting experimental data when the protective device reaches the maximum distance of the to-be-processed area, respectively irradiating the to-be-processed workpiece and the human skin by the protective device, taking the ratio of the lowest value detected when the human skin is irradiated to the average value detected when the to-be-processed workpiece is irradiated as a maximum value A, taking the ratio of the highest value detected when the to-be-processed workpiece is irradiated to the average value detected when the to-be-processed workpiece is irradiated as a minimum value B, and ensuring that the safety coefficient is = (A+B)/2.
If the threshold value is set too small, the protection level is too high, and the laser is easy to be frequently turned off; the threshold value is set to be too large, the protection level is too low, the protection system cannot achieve the protection purpose, and the electric signal intensity difference value is smaller as the distance from the protection device to the processing area is larger, so that the safety coefficient is determined according to experimental data with the largest distance from the protection device to the processing area selected by the actual laser processing process.
Preferably, in order to improve the reliability of the protection method, the wavelength value of the laser indication light source of the protection device is 632.8nm, and the reflection ratio of the light irradiation skin of the wavelength is high.
The human body detection protection device in the laser processing area comprises a laser processing assembly and a protection assembly, wherein the protection assembly is connected with the laser processing assembly; the laser processing assembly comprises a laser and a laser processing head, laser generated by the laser irradiates a processing area through the laser processing head, the protection assembly comprises a laser indication light source, a photoelectric detector and a processor, the processor controls the laser indication light source to emit indication light to irradiate on a path of an operator body entering the processing area and in the processing area, the photoelectric detector receives the reflected indication light, the photoelectric detector feeds back an optical signal to the processor, and the processor controls the opening or closing of the laser.
According to the invention, the laser indication light source emits indication light to emit light with different light intensities for diffuse reflection on a human body and a processed workpiece, so that whether the human body exists in a processing area is detected, and therefore, the protection of an operator is realized, the laser processing process can be continuously protected through real-time monitoring, the anti-interference capability is strong, and the personal safety of the operator can be effectively ensured.
In order to improve the accuracy and the reliability of detection, the photoelectric detector is fixedly arranged on the laser processing head, and an included angle theta is formed between a connecting line between the central point of the receiving surface of the photoelectric detector and the irradiation point of the laser indication light source and the light path of the laser indication light source; the value range of the included angle theta is as follows.
Preferably, in order to filter stray light with other wavelengths and improve detection accuracy and reliability, a filter is arranged at the receiving end of the photoelectric detector, and the filter is a narrow-band filter with wavelengths of 600nm to 650 nm.
Preferably, in order to improve the stability of detection, the laser indicating light source is fixedly arranged on the laser processing head. The laser indication light source moves along with the laser processing head, so that the processing area can be protected stably and reliably.
Preferably, in order to protect the photodetector from receiving stable reflected light intensity, the photodetector is fixedly mounted on the laser indication light source. The position of the photoelectric detector and the laser indicating light source are relatively fixed, so that the reflected light intensity value is stable.
Preferably, in order to improve the reliability of protection, the number of the laser indication light sources is at least two, the number of the photoelectric detectors is one, each laser indication light source irradiates the periphery of the processing area, and a connecting line between the central point of the receiving surface of each photoelectric detector and each laser indication light source irradiation point forms an included angle theta with the measured optical path of the laser indication light source; the value range of the included angle theta is as follows. The protection area can be enlarged by adopting a plurality of laser indication light sources, so that the protection reliability of the invention is improved, and meanwhile, the light signals detected by the photoelectric detector are ensured to be stable and reliable by controlling the connecting line between the photoelectric detector and each laser indication light source to form an included angle theta with the light path of the laser indication light source to be detected.
In order to further improve safety, protective clothing and glasses worn by staff and masks choose materials that have a very high reflectance to the laser pointer light source.
The beneficial effects are that: the invention can timely turn off the laser light source before the laser processing light source irradiates human skin or protective clothing, thereby preventing operators from being injured by laser irradiation and effectively protecting the personal safety of operators; the photoelectric detector is sensitive to light response, has high response speed, and can timely detect the change of diffuse reflection light intensity generated when the indication light source irradiates different objects; is not affected by the environmental temperature and the like, and has stable work and high protection grade. In conclusion, the invention has the advantages of high safety protection performance, simple and convenient operation and strong anti-interference capability, and can effectively ensure the personal safety of staff.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a structure of the present invention employing three laser pointer light sources;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the protection method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing experimental data of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a graph of a threshold fit of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "above" or "below" a second feature may include both the first and second features being in direct contact, as well as the first and second features not being in direct contact but being in contact with each other through additional features therebetween. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
As shown in fig. 1, the laser 11 emits laser light, and after the laser light enters the laser processing head 12 through optical fiber transmission, the laser light is emitted through a field lens, and the laser light is focused on the surface of the processing material for laser processing. The laser indication light source 21 starts the indication light before the laser 11 is started, the indication light is received by the photoelectric detector 22 after the impurity light is filtered by the filter plate 24, the photoelectric detector 22 is connected with the processor 23 and judges whether protection is needed, and the processor 23 is connected with a computer and displays and controls the starting and the stopping of the laser 11 in real time. The specific flow is shown in figure 3, firstly, a device for laser processing safety protection is opened, a threshold signal for opening the laser processing safety protection is set, and a sample to be processed is placed; turning on the laser indication light source 21, adjusting the photoelectric detector 22 and the filter 24, and receiving the light signal emitted by the laser indication light source 21; the switch of the photoelectric detector 22 and the processor 23 is turned on, and the filter 24 ensures that all the light sources received by the photoelectric detector 22 are emitted by the laser indication light source 21; the photodetector 22 receives light diffusely reflected when the laser indication light source 21 irradiates the processing area or the skin of the human body, and converts the light signal into an electric signal; the processor 23 receives the electric signal sent by the photodetector 22 and converts the electric signal into a voltage signal; if the voltage signal is greater than or equal to the set threshold value, the processor 23 will immediately turn off the power supply of the laser 11, and if the voltage signal is less than the set threshold value, normal machining operation is performed; when normal processing protection work is performed, the laser indication light source 21 and the photoelectric detector 22 work normally, if the laser processing head 12 irradiates human skin due to improper operation, the voltage signal received by the processor 23 will be greater than a set threshold, the processor 23 will immediately disconnect the power supply of the laser 11, so that the laser processing head 12 stops emitting light; after the processing is finished, the laser 11 is turned off, then the laser indicating light source 21, the photoelectric detector 22 and the processor 23 are turned off respectively, and finally all the power switches are turned off.
The threshold may be set to be 124% -248% of the average value of the voltage detected by the workpiece to be processed irradiated by the laser indicating light source 21, and the further reduced threshold range is 186% of the average value of the voltage detected by the workpiece to be processed, as shown in fig. 4 (the signals detected by the workpiece and the skin are the average value of multiple groups of data, and an error bar is added). The set threshold values of the photo-detector at a distance of 5cm and 10cm from the processing area are set to 186% of the average value of the voltages detected by the workpiece to be processed, and the set threshold value curves of the photo-detector at a distance of 5cm to 15cm from the processing area are calculated and fitted, as shown in fig. 5.
According to the formula y=ae （-x/B） +c obtained by the curve of fig. 5, where x is the distance (cm) between the photodetector 21 and the processing area, y is the voltage value (mV) obtained by the processor 23, A, B, C are constants, where a is 6425.3, b is 1.3, and C is 69.3, the voltage threshold value that should be set when the photodetector 22 is at different distances from the processing protection area can be determined.
Example 1
The workpiece to be processed is selected to be placed in a protection area and fixed on an experimental platform, the laser processing head 12 is adjusted to enable the focus of a protection laser light source to be on the workpiece, a power supply and a processor 23 are turned on, the photoelectric detector 22 is fixed at a position 5cm away from the workpiece, and a filter 24 is a 650nm narrow-band filter. Substituting the distance x between the photodetector 22 and the protection area into the formula y=ae （-x/B） +c to obtain the threshold voltage of 205.56mv, namely setting the voltage signal threshold of the processor 23 to 206.56mv, then turning on the laser indication light source 21, aligning the laser indication light source with the focus of the processing laser light source, turning on the switch between the photodetector 22 and the processor 23, and turning on the voltage signals received by the processor 23, wherein the voltage signals received by the processor 23 are all smaller than the set threshold, the laser 11 works normally, and the laser is transmitted to the laser processing head 12 through the optical fiber, emitted from the field lens, and processed and protected in the area to be protected. (10 different protection areas of two different steel plates were tested respectively, and the maximum voltage actually measured by an oscilloscope connected to the processor was 140mv, both of which were less than the threshold value.)
The human skin is placed 5cm from the focal point of the processing laser light source, the voltage signal received by the processor 23 is much greater than the set threshold, and the laser power is turned off, at which time the laser 11 stops working. (three different areas of the arm, palm and back of the hand were tested separately, and the minimum voltage actually measured by the photodetector 22 was 240mv, all much greater than the threshold value, with an oscilloscope connected)
Examples
The photodetectors 22 were each fixed 10cm from the focus of the protective laser source, the power supply and the processor 23 were turned on, and the filter 24 used was a 650nm narrow band filter. Substituting the distance x between the photodetector 22 and the protection area with the distance x of 10cm into the formula y=ae （-x/B） +c to obtain the threshold voltage of 72.23mv, namely setting the voltage signal threshold of the processor 23 to 72.23mv, then turning on the laser indication light source 21, aligning the laser indication light source with the focus of the processing laser light source, turning on the switch of the photodetector 22 and the processor 23, placing the workpiece at the focus of the protection light source, enabling the voltage signals received by the processor 23 to be smaller than the set threshold value, operating the laser 11 to work normally, transmitting the laser to the laser processing head 12 through the optical fiber, emitting the laser from the field lens, and processing and protecting the area to be protected. (10 different protection areas were tested for two different steel plates, and the maximum voltage actually measured by the photodetector 22 was 60mv, both of which were less than the threshold value, were connected with an oscilloscope.)
The human skin is placed at a distance of 10cm from the focal point of the processing laser light source, the voltage signal received by the processor 23 is much greater than the set threshold, and the laser power is turned off, at which time the laser 11 stops working. (three different areas of the arm, palm and back of the hand were tested separately, and the minimum voltage actually measured by the photodetector 22 was 240mv, all much greater than the threshold value, with an oscilloscope connected)
Examples
The photodetectors 22 were fixed at 15cm from the focus of the protective laser source, the power supply and the processor 23 were turned on, and the filter 24 used was a 650nm narrow band filter. Substituting 15cm of the distance x between the photoelectric detector 22 and the protection area into the formula y=ae （-x/B） +c to set the voltage signal threshold of the processor 23 to 66.388mv, then turning on the laser indication light source 21, aligning the laser indication light source with the focus of the processing laser light source, turning on the switch of the photoelectric detector 22 and the processor 23, placing the workpiece at the focus of the protection light source, enabling the voltage signals received by the processor 23 to be smaller than the set threshold, operating the laser normally, transmitting the laser to the laser processing head 12 through the optical fiber, emitting the laser from the field lens, and processing and protecting the area to be protected. (10 different protection areas were tested for two different steel plates, and the maximum voltage actually measured by the photodetector 22 was 50mv, both of which were less than the threshold value, were connected with an oscilloscope.)
The human skin is placed 15cm from the focal point of the processing laser light source, the voltage signal received by the processor 23 is much greater than the set threshold, and the laser power is turned off, at which time the laser 11 stops working. (three different areas of the arm, palm and back of the hand were tested separately, and the minimum voltage actually measured by the photodetector 22 was 140mv, all much greater than the threshold value, with an oscilloscope connected.)
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points refer to the description of the method section.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (9)
1. The human body detection protection method in the laser processing area is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, debugging equipment; adjusting the distance between the protective device and the area to be processed, calculating a monitoring threshold according to the distance, and inputting the monitoring threshold into the protective device;
Step two, starting a protective device;
step three, human body detection, wherein the protective device judges whether a processing area has human body tissues according to the comparison of the monitoring value and a threshold value, if the processing area has the human body tissues, the laser processing equipment is turned off, if the processing area has no human body tissues, the laser processing equipment is turned on, and after the processing is finished, the laser processing equipment is turned off, and then the protective device is turned off;
the calculation method of the monitoring threshold in the first step comprises the following steps:
Obtaining a functional relation between a monitoring threshold and the distance from the protective device to the area to be processed through fitting experimental data;
Firstly, setting the distance from a protective device to a region to be processed, starting the protective device to irradiate a workpiece to be processed, obtaining an optical signal of reflected light, converting the optical signal into a voltage signal, and selecting the average value of the voltage signal multiplied by a safety coefficient as a threshold value;
Secondly, fitting experimental data of different distances to obtain a threshold curve, and obtaining a functional relation between a monitoring threshold and the distance from the protective device to the area to be processed according to the threshold curve fitting: y=ae （-x/B） + C,
Wherein: x is the distance from the guard to the process area in cm, y is the voltage value of the monitoring threshold, mV, A, B, C are constants, where a is 6425.3, b is 1.3, and c is 69.3.
2. The method for protecting human body detection in a laser processing area according to claim 1, wherein the method for determining the safety factor is as follows:
And selecting experimental data when the protective device reaches the maximum distance of the to-be-processed area, respectively irradiating the to-be-processed workpiece and the human skin by the protective device, taking the ratio of the lowest value detected when the human skin is irradiated to the average value detected when the to-be-processed workpiece is irradiated as a maximum value A, taking the ratio of the highest value detected when the to-be-processed workpiece is irradiated to the average value detected when the to-be-processed workpiece is irradiated as a minimum value B, and ensuring that the safety coefficient is = (A+B)/2.
3. The method for protecting human body detection in a laser processing area according to claim 1, wherein: the wavelength value of the laser indication light source of the protection device is 632.8nm.
4. An apparatus for implementing the human body detection and protection method in a laser processing area according to claim 1, characterized in that: the laser processing device comprises a laser processing assembly (1) and a protection assembly (2), wherein the protection assembly (2) is connected with the laser processing assembly (1); the laser processing assembly (1) comprises a laser (11) and a laser processing head (12), and laser generated by the laser (11) irradiates a processing area through the laser processing head (12), and is characterized in that: the protection assembly (2) comprises a laser indication light source (21), a photoelectric detector (22) and a processor (23), wherein the processor (23) controls the laser indication light source (21) to emit indication light to irradiate on a path of an operator body entering a processing area and in the processing area, the photoelectric detector (22) receives the reflected indication light, the photoelectric detector (22) feeds back an optical signal to the processor (23), and the processor (23) controls the laser (11) to be turned on or off.
5. The apparatus for implementing a human body detection and protection method in a laser processing area according to claim 4, wherein: the photoelectric detector (22) is fixedly arranged on the laser processing head (12), and an included angle theta is formed between a connecting line between the central point of the receiving surface of the photoelectric detector (22) and the irradiation point of the laser indication light source (21) and the light path of the laser indication light source (21); the value range of the included angle theta is。
6. The apparatus for implementing a human body detection and protection method in a laser processing area according to claim 4, wherein: the receiving end of the photoelectric detector (22) is provided with a filter (24), and the filter (24) is a narrow-band filter with the wavelength of 600nm to 650 nm.
7. The apparatus for implementing a human body detection and protection method in a laser processing area according to claim 4, wherein: the laser indication light source (21) is fixedly arranged on the laser processing head (12).
8. The apparatus for implementing a human body detection and protection method in a laser processing area according to claim 7, wherein: the photoelectric detector (22) is fixedly arranged on the laser indication light source (21).
9. The apparatus for implementing a human body detection guard method in a laser processing area according to claim 7 or 8, wherein: the number of the laser indication light sources (21) is at least two, the number of the photoelectric detectors (22) is one, each laser indication light source (21) irradiates around a processing area, and an included angle theta is formed between a connecting line between the central point of a receiving surface of each photoelectric detector (22) and the irradiation point of each laser indication light source (21) and a measured light path of each laser indication light source (21); the value range of the included angle theta is。
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105537783A (en) * | 2016-01-12 | 2016-05-04 | 上海理工大学 | Laser safety protection method for laser processing device |
| CN207181719U (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2018-04-03 | 上海科勒电子科技有限公司 | Low energy consumption auto-induction apparatus |
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