CN113266420A - Method for monitoring stability of salt cavern gas storage cavity - Google Patents
Method for monitoring stability of salt cavern gas storage cavity Download PDFInfo
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 212
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 98
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 72
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 72
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
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- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/166—Injecting a gaseous medium; Injecting a gaseous medium and a liquid medium
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- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/16—Modification of mine passages or chambers for storage purposes, especially for liquids or gases
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for monitoring stability of a salt cavern gas storage cavity, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of firstly, obtaining relevant parameters of a salt cavern gas storage and a storage area where the salt cavern gas storage is located, and judging whether the salt cavern gas storage is abnormal or not, wherein the method comprises the following steps: 1) monitoring whether the single-well production dynamic state is abnormal, 2) monitoring whether the sealing performance of the salt cavern cavity is abnormal, 3) monitoring whether the stability of the salt cavern cavity is abnormal, and 4) monitoring whether the ground settlement is abnormal; step two, specifically confirming and processing the conditions of salt cavern creep, sedimentation, rib caving, collapse, leakage and the like which cause salt cavern instability according to data abnormity appearing in the monitoring process of the step one: the method realizes the overall evaluation of the salt cavern gas storage stability monitoring system, determines various monitoring means, effectively monitors the conditions of salt cavern cavity creep deformation, sedimentation, rib caving, collapse, leakage and the like, ensures that problems occur in time, and ensures the safe use of the salt cavern cavity and the operation safety of workers in the storage area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of salt cavern gas storage, in particular to a method for monitoring the stability of a cavity of a salt cavern gas storage.
Background
The salt cavern gas storage is an artificial gas storage formed by reinjecting high-pressure natural gas into underground dissolved salt. Under the condition of multi-cycle injection and production frequent exchange stress, the salt cavern is influenced by various factors such as complexity of underground geological structures, easy flowability of natural gas, damage of cement sheath sealing, failure of injection and production pipe columns, high temperature, high pressure, high flow rate and the like, and accidents such as gas leakage, shaft damage and the like easily occur, so that the operation of the gas storage has great safety risk.
Four states for salt cavern instability are currently addressed: creep deformation, settlement, caving collapse and leakage, and with the use of the monitoring technology in domestic salt cavern gas storage for more than ten years, the existing monitoring means can form a set of parallel effective monitoring system suitable for field application. The single well operation parameters, ground settlement and the pressure measurement cavity have accumulated monitoring experience and data for more than ten years, and the successful application of microseism monitoring indicates that a new technology can slowly replace the old technology so as to more perfect a monitoring system. Technologies such as oil gas chemical exploration and cavity-stopping pressure stabilization are considered in the early stage for the monitoring technology, but the technologies are replaced by overlarge investment in the monitoring period, wherein the implementation of the oil gas chemical exploration technology needs excavation operation around a wellhead and belongs to high-risk operation in the injection-production period; and the cavity-stopping and pressure-stabilizing monitoring needs to re-inject brine into the injection and production well which is put into production for exhaust, so that the monitoring cost is higher.
Based on the above problems, a corresponding monitoring method is needed to be provided for the instability of the salt cavern cavity, so as to ensure the long-term stable operation of the salt cavern gas storage cavity.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for monitoring the stability of a salt cavern gas storage cavity, which can effectively monitor the instability of the salt cavern gas storage.
Therefore, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for monitoring the stability of a cavity of a salt cavern gas storage comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, obtaining relevant parameters of a salt cavern gas storage and a storage area where the salt cavern gas storage is located, and judging whether the salt cavern gas storage is abnormal or not, wherein the method comprises the following steps: 1) monitoring whether the single-well production dynamic state is abnormal, 2) monitoring whether the sealing performance of the salt cavern cavity is abnormal, 3) monitoring whether the stability of the salt cavern cavity is abnormal, and 4) monitoring whether the ground settlement is abnormal; monitoring whether the sealing performance of the salt cavern is abnormal or not is realized by monitoring the pressure state of the monitoring well, monitoring a tracer and monitoring a microseism; monitoring whether the stability of the salt cavern is abnormal or not is realized by five stability evaluation indexes, namely the shape and volume change condition of the cavity of each salt cavern, the tensile stress, the plastic region evaluation, the linear expansion coefficient, the creep rate and the volume shrinkage rate of each salt cavern;
step two, according to the data abnormality that appears in the monitoring process of step one, confirm the concrete condition that causes the salt cavern cavity to be unstable, its concrete step is:
1) when the production dynamics of a certain salt cavern in the step one is abnormal, the following steps are carried out:
firstly, a microseism monitoring result of the latest time is obtained, and whether the salt cavern has two current instability conditions of rib caving or collapse is judged by combining with production dynamic abnormal data; or the like, or, alternatively,
secondly, transferring a salt cavern stability monitoring result at the latest time, and judging whether the salt cavern has two current instability conditions of rib caving or collapse by combining with production dynamic abnormal data;
2) when the tracer monitors that leakage possibly exists in a certain salt cavity in the step two, the following steps are carried out:
firstly, calling the recent production dynamic abnormal data of the salt cavern, and further judging whether the salt cavern is leaked currently; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
secondly, a microseism monitoring result of the latest time and a monitoring result of the pressure state of a corresponding monitoring well are obtained, and whether the salt cavern is leaked at present is further judged;
3) when the stability of a certain salt cavity is abnormal in the first step, the following steps are carried out:
judging whether two instability conditions of creep deformation or sedimentation exist in the salt cavern cavity at present according to abnormal data; and the combination of (a) and (b),
secondly, adjusting a salt cavern stability monitoring result at the latest time, and judging whether the salt cavern has two instability conditions of creep deformation or sedimentation at present by combining with the salt cavern stability abnormal data;
in case 1) to case 3) of the above-mentioned step two,
if the salt cavern does not have four instability conditions of creep deformation, sedimentation, rib caving and collapse at present, the current monitoring data and the historical monitoring data are taken to establish a simulation model, and whether the salt cavern is likely to have the instability condition of the corresponding type about to occur or not is judged in advance; if the instability condition is likely to occur, adjusting working parameters of the salt cavern, wherein the working parameters comprise cavity upper limit pressure, cavity lower limit pressure, gas injection and extraction rate and gas extraction and extraction rate;
if the salt cavern does have four instability conditions of creep deformation, sedimentation, rib caving and collapse at present, and working parameters of the salt cavern are adjusted, wherein the working parameters comprise upper limit pressure of the salt cavern, lower limit pressure of the salt cavern, gas injection and extraction rate and gas extraction rate;
and if the salt cavern has a leakage condition currently, selecting to repair or abandon the well according to the leakage condition.
Further, the method for monitoring whether the single well production dynamic state is abnormal in the step one comprises the following steps: the wellhead pressure, the bottom temperature and the wellhead flow of the injection and production well are collected in real time, and meanwhile, the wellhead pressure and the bottom temperature of the monitoring well are collected in real time, and the following judgment is carried out:
1) during the gas injection period of the injection and production well, if the pressure of the salt cavern cavity gradually rises, the temperature gradually rises and the gas storage quantity of the salt cavern cavity gradually rises, the production state of the injection and production well is judged to be normal; otherwise, judging the production state of the injection and production well as abnormal;
2) during gas production of the injection and production well, if the pressure of the salt cavern cavity is gradually reduced, the temperature is gradually reduced, and the gas storage quantity of the salt cavern cavity is gradually reduced, the production state of the injection and production well is judged to be normal; otherwise, judging the production state of the injection and production well as abnormal;
3) in the shut-in period of the injection and production well after gas injection, if the pressure of the salt cavern is gradually reduced to a balance point, the temperature is gradually recovered to the formation temperature, and the gas storage quantity of the salt cavern is unchanged, the production state of the injection and production well is judged to be normal; otherwise, judging the production state of the injection and production well as abnormal;
4) in the shut-in period of the injection and production well after gas production, if the pressure of the salt cavern is gradually increased to a balance point, the temperature is gradually recovered to the formation temperature, and the gas storage quantity of the salt cavern is unchanged, the production state of the injection and production well is judged to be normal; otherwise, judging the production state of the injection and production well as abnormal;
5) if the pressure value of the wellhead and the temperature value of the bottom of the well are both basically maintained in an unchanged state, the state of the monitoring well is judged to be normal; otherwise, judging the state of the monitoring well as abnormal;
6) using the equation for the state:
calculating the cavity pressure as PiTime corresponding natural gas inventory quantity delta VLibraryAnd calculating delta V 'by using wellhead flow data of the injection and production well'LibraryComparing the values if Δ VLibraryAnd delta V'LibraryIf the error rate does not exceed the qualified threshold value, the injection and production well state is judged to be normal; otherwise, judging the production state of the injection and production well as abnormal;
in the above cases 1) to 6), when any one of the cases is judged to be abnormal, the production dynamics of the salt cavern is abnormal.
Further, tracer monitoring is at least once a year, and microseismic monitoring is at least once a year.
Further, in the step one, the method for monitoring whether the sealing performance of the salt cavity is abnormal is as follows:
monitoring the pressure state of the monitoring well: acquiring wellhead pressure and shaft annulus pressure of a monitoring well in real time; if the wellhead pressure value and the shaft annulus pressure value are both basically maintained in an unchanged state, the monitoring well state is judged to be normal; otherwise, judging the state of the monitoring well as abnormal;
tracer monitoring: periodically injecting tracer gas into the salt cavern during the gas injection process of the injection and production well, and performing multi-point air sample collection on the whole reservoir area by using an air sampler after 1 month; then separating and analyzing a plurality of air samples by utilizing a gas chromatography Fourier transform electrostatic field orbit trap mass spectrometer, a multi-atmosphere thermal desorption furnace and an ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometer to obtain the concentration of the tracer gas in each air sample, and determining the position of a salt cavity possibly with tracer gas leakage by reversely tracking the air sample with the detected tracer gas; wherein, the injection amount of the tracer gas in each salt cavern is as follows: at each 25X 104m3Is injected into the salt cavity of 5m3The tracer gas of (a);
and (3) micro-seismic monitoring: and (3) periodically monitoring the reservoir area by microseismic, and analyzing whether the underground fault is activated or not or whether the salt cavern collapses or not by acquiring underground sound data.
Further, in the step one, the method for monitoring whether the stability of the salt cavern is abnormal is as follows: regularly adopting a pressurized sonar logging method to measure the cavity shape and volume of each salt cavern, and judging as follows:
1) when the current cavity form of the salt cavern is compared with the last measured cavity form, and the current cavity form has the condition of local structure loss or local structure arching, judging that the cavity form of the salt cavern is abnormal;
2) when the current inner cavity volume of the salt cavern is compared with the previously measured inner cavity volume, and the annual average change rate is more than or equal to 1 percent, judging that the inner cavity volume of the salt cavern is abnormal;
3) the method comprises the steps of (1) substituting data obtained by monitoring pressurized sonar corresponding to each salt cavern, stratum parameters of a reservoir area, rock mechanical test parameters, ground stress test data, construction operation historical data, mechanical parameter check data, salt cavern geometric parameters and salt cavern operation parameters into abaqus and/or Flac3D software to obtain five stability evaluation index results of tensile stress, plastic region evaluation, linear expansion coefficient, creep rate and volume shrinkage; comparing the obtained result with a set qualified threshold value, and if any stability evaluation index result is not within the qualified threshold value, judging that the stability of the salt cavern is abnormal;
in any of the above cases 1) to 3), if it is determined to be abnormal, the stability of the salt cavern is abnormal.
Further, salt cavern stability monitoring is performed at least once every three years.
Further, in the first step, the method for monitoring whether the ground settlement is abnormal includes: regularly adopt level method or synthetic aperture radar method to monitor the ground settlement condition in reservoir area, obtain the current year ground settlement volume in reservoir area, including the settlement volume in the vertical direction and the settlement volume in the horizontal direction, from measuring the total amount of ground settlement of the starting time to current year, including the total amount of ground vertical settlement and the total amount of ground horizontal settlement, and the average settlement rate in year ground, including the average settlement rate in year ground vertical and the average settlement rate in year ground level, and carry out as follows and judge:
1) if the total vertical ground settlement is more than or equal to 250mm or the total horizontal ground settlement is more than or equal to 150mm, judging that the ground settlement is abnormal;
2) if the annual ground mean sedimentation rate of the reservoir area occurs for three consecutive years: judging that the ground settlement is abnormal if the annual ground horizontal average settlement rate is more than or equal to 15 mm/year or the annual ground vertical average settlement rate is more than or equal to 20 mm/year;
in the above cases 1) and 2), when either case is determined to be abnormal, there is an abnormality in the ground subsidence.
Further, ground subsidence monitoring is performed at least once a year.
Compared with the prior art, the method for monitoring the stability of the salt cavern gas storage cavity realizes the overall evaluation of a salt cavern gas storage stability monitoring system, defines various monitoring means required to be implemented in the salt cavern stability monitoring process, shows the composition of a comprehensive method, effectively monitors the conditions of salt cavern creep, settlement, rib caving, collapse, leakage and the like, ensures that problems occur in time, and ensures the safe use of the salt cavern and the operation safety of workers in a storage area.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the method for monitoring the stability of the cavity of the salt cavern gas storage.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the salt cavern reservoir region is provided with a plurality of single-well single-cavity type salt caverns, and the specific storage substances of the salt cavern reservoir region are energy gases such as natural gas and hydrogen; each salt cave cavity is provided with only one channel communicated with the ground, and the channel is a vertical well or a directional well; the effective volume of each salt cave cavity is about 5-100 ten thousand square, the diameter of the cavity is 60-80 m, the distance between the cavity top and the salt top is 25-35 m, and the distance between the cavity top and the production casing shoe is 10-15 m.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for monitoring the stability of the cavity of the salt cavern gas storage specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, acquiring relevant parameters of a salt cavern gas storage and a storage area where the salt cavern gas storage is located, and judging whether abnormality exists;
1. dynamic monitoring of single-well production:
the wellhead pressure, the bottom temperature and the wellhead flow of the injection and production well are collected in real time, and meanwhile, the wellhead pressure and the bottom temperature of the monitoring well are collected in real time, and the following judgment is carried out:
1) during the gas injection period of the injection and production well, if the pressure of the salt cavern cavity gradually rises, the temperature gradually rises and the gas storage quantity of the salt cavern cavity gradually rises, the production state of the injection and production well is judged to be normal; otherwise, judging the production state of the injection and production well as abnormal;
2) during gas production of the injection and production well, if the pressure of the salt cavern cavity is gradually reduced, the temperature is gradually reduced, and the gas storage quantity of the salt cavern cavity is gradually reduced, the production state of the injection and production well is judged to be normal; otherwise, judging the production state of the injection and production well as abnormal;
3) in the shut-in period of the injection and production well after gas injection, if the pressure of the salt cavern is gradually reduced to a balance point, the temperature is gradually recovered to the formation temperature, and the gas storage quantity of the salt cavern is unchanged, the production state of the injection and production well is judged to be normal; otherwise, judging the production state of the injection and production well as abnormal;
4) in the shut-in period of the injection and production well after gas production, if the pressure of the salt cavern is gradually increased to a balance point, the temperature is gradually recovered to the formation temperature, and the gas storage quantity of the salt cavern is unchanged, the production state of the injection and production well is judged to be normal; otherwise, judging the production state of the injection and production well as abnormal;
5) if the pressure value of the wellhead and the temperature value of the bottom of the well are both kept in a basically unchanged state (if the set change rate is always kept within 0.5%), the state of the monitoring well is judged to be normal; otherwise, judging the state of the monitoring well as abnormal;
6) using the equation for the state:
calculating the cavity pressure as PiTime corresponding natural gas inventory quantity delta VLibraryAnd calculating delta V 'by using wellhead flow data of the injection and production well'LibraryComparing the values if Δ VLibraryAnd delta V'LibraryIf the error rate between the two wells does not exceed the qualified threshold (if the qualified threshold is set to be +/-1%), judging the injection and production well state to be normal; otherwise, judging the production state of the injection and production well as abnormal;
in the above cases 1) to 6), when any one of the cases is judged to be abnormal, the production dynamics of the salt cavern is abnormal.
2. Monitoring the sealing performance of the salt cavern:
2-1, monitoring the pressure state of a monitoring well:
acquiring wellhead pressure and shaft annulus pressure of a monitoring well in real time; if the wellhead pressure value and the shaft annulus pressure value are both kept in a basically unchanged state (if the set change rate is always kept within 0.5%), the monitoring well state is judged to be normal; otherwise, the monitoring well state is judged to be abnormal.
2-2, tracer monitoring:
injecting tracer gas (SF6) into the salt cavern at the same time in the gas injection process of the injection and production well at regular intervals (such as once a year), and collecting multi-point air samples in the whole reservoir area by using an air sampler after 1 month; then, separating and analyzing a plurality of air samples by using a gas chromatography Fourier transform electrostatic field orbit trap mass spectrometer, a multi-atmosphere thermal desorption furnace and an ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometer to obtain the concentration of trace gas (SF6) in each air sample, and determining the position of a salt cavity possibly with trace gas leakage by reversely tracking the air sample with the trace gas detected; wherein, the injection amount of the tracer gas in each salt cavern is as follows: at each 25X 104m3Is injected into the salt cavity of 5m3Of the tracer gas (c).
2-3, monitoring microseism:
and (3) carrying out microseismic monitoring on the reservoir area at regular intervals (such as once a year), and analyzing whether the underground fault is activated or not or whether the salt cavern is collapsed or not by acquiring underground sound data.
3. Monitoring the stability of the salt cavern:
periodically (every 3 years) measuring the cavity shape and volume of each salt cavern by adopting a pressurized sonar logging method, and judging as follows:
1) when the current cavity form of the salt cavern is compared with the last measured cavity form, and the current cavity form has the condition of local structure loss or local structure arching, judging that the cavity form of the salt cavern is abnormal;
2) when the current inner cavity volume of the salt cavern is compared with the previously measured inner cavity volume, and the annual average change rate is more than or equal to 1 percent, judging that the inner cavity volume of the salt cavern is abnormal;
3) the method comprises the steps of (1) substituting data obtained by monitoring pressurized sonar corresponding to each salt cavern, stratum parameters of a reservoir area, rock mechanical test parameters, ground stress test data, construction operation historical data, mechanical parameter check data, salt cavern geometric parameters and salt cavern operation parameters into abaqus and/or Flac3D software to obtain five stability evaluation index results of tensile stress, plastic region evaluation, linear expansion coefficient, creep rate and volume shrinkage; comparing the obtained result with a set qualified threshold value, and if any stability evaluation index result is not within the qualified threshold value, judging that the stability of the salt cavern is abnormal;
in any of the above cases 1) to 3), if it is determined to be abnormal, the stability of the salt cavern is abnormal.
4. Monitoring ground settlement:
the ground settlement condition of the reservoir area is monitored by adopting a leveling method or a synthetic aperture radar method every year to obtain the current-year ground settlement amount (including the settlement amount in the vertical direction, namely the vertical settlement amount and the settlement amount in the horizontal direction, namely the horizontal settlement amount) of the reservoir area, the total ground settlement amount from the starting time to the current year (including the total ground vertical settlement amount and the total ground horizontal settlement amount) and the annual ground average settlement rate (including the annual ground vertical average settlement rate and the annual ground horizontal average settlement rate), and the following judgments are carried out:
1) if the total vertical ground settlement is more than or equal to 250mm or the total horizontal ground settlement is more than or equal to 150mm, judging that the ground settlement is abnormal;
2) if the annual ground mean sedimentation rate of the reservoir area occurs for three consecutive years: judging that the ground settlement is abnormal if the annual ground horizontal average settlement rate is more than or equal to 15 mm/year or the annual ground vertical average settlement rate is more than or equal to 20 mm/year;
in the above cases 1) and 2), when either case is determined to be abnormal, there is an abnormality in the ground settlement;
step two, confirming the specific condition causing the instability of the salt cavern according to the data abnormity appearing in the monitoring process of the step one:
1) when the production dynamics of a certain salt cavern in the step one is abnormal, the following steps are carried out:
firstly, a microseism monitoring result of the latest time is obtained, and whether the salt cavern has two current instability conditions of rib caving or collapse is judged by combining with production dynamic abnormal data; or the like, or, alternatively,
secondly, transferring a salt cavern stability monitoring result at the latest time, and judging whether the salt cavern has two current instability conditions of rib caving or collapse by combining with production dynamic abnormal data; 2) when the tracer monitors that leakage possibly exists in a certain salt cavity in the step two, the following steps are carried out:
firstly, calling the recent production dynamic abnormal data of the salt cavern, and further judging whether the salt cavern is leaked currently; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
secondly, a microseism monitoring result of the latest time and a monitoring result of the pressure state of a corresponding monitoring well are obtained, and whether the salt cavern is leaked at present is further judged;
3) when the stability of a salt cavity in the third step is abnormal, the following steps are carried out:
judging whether two instability conditions of creep deformation or sedimentation exist in the salt cavern cavity at present according to abnormal data; and the combination of (a) and (b),
secondly, adjusting a salt cavern stability monitoring result at the latest time, and judging whether the salt cavern has two instability conditions of creep deformation or sedimentation at present by combining with the salt cavern stability abnormal data;
in case 1) to case 3) of the above-mentioned step two,
if the salt cavern does not have four instability conditions of creep deformation, sedimentation, rib caving and collapse at present, the current monitoring data and the historical monitoring data are taken to establish a simulation model, and whether the salt cavern is likely to have the instability condition of the corresponding type about to occur or not is judged in advance; if the instability condition is likely to occur, adjusting working parameters of the salt cavern, wherein the working parameters comprise cavity upper limit pressure, cavity lower limit pressure, gas injection and extraction rate and gas extraction and extraction rate;
if the salt cavern does have four instability conditions of creep deformation, sedimentation, rib caving and collapse at present, and working parameters of the salt cavern are adjusted, wherein the working parameters comprise upper limit pressure of the salt cavern, lower limit pressure of the salt cavern, gas injection and extraction rate and gas extraction rate;
and if the salt cavern has a leakage condition currently, selecting to repair or abandon the well according to the leakage condition.
The above description is only for facilitating the understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for monitoring stability of a cavity of a salt cavern gas storage is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, obtaining relevant parameters of a salt cavern gas storage and a storage area where the salt cavern gas storage is located, and judging whether the salt cavern gas storage is abnormal or not, wherein the method comprises the following steps: 1) monitoring whether the single-well production dynamic state is abnormal, 2) monitoring whether the sealing performance of the salt cavern cavity is abnormal, 3) monitoring whether the stability of the salt cavern cavity is abnormal, and 4) monitoring whether the ground settlement is abnormal; monitoring whether the sealing performance of the salt cavern is abnormal or not is realized by monitoring the pressure state of the monitoring well, monitoring a tracer and monitoring a microseism; monitoring whether the stability of the salt cavern is abnormal or not is realized by five stability evaluation indexes, namely the shape and volume change condition of the cavity of each salt cavern, the tensile stress, the plastic region evaluation, the linear expansion coefficient, the creep rate and the volume shrinkage rate of each salt cavern;
step two, according to the data abnormality that appears in the monitoring process of step one, confirm the concrete condition that causes the salt cavern cavity to be unstable, its concrete step is:
1) when the production dynamics of a certain salt cavern in the step one is abnormal, the following steps are carried out:
firstly, a microseism monitoring result of the latest time is obtained, and whether the salt cavern has two current instability conditions of rib caving or collapse is judged by combining with production dynamic abnormal data; or the like, or, alternatively,
secondly, transferring a salt cavern stability monitoring result at the latest time, and judging whether the salt cavern has two current instability conditions of rib caving or collapse by combining with production dynamic abnormal data;
2) when the tracer monitors that a salt cavity possibly leaks in the first step, then:
firstly, calling the recent production dynamic abnormal data of the salt cavern, and further judging whether the salt cavern is leaked currently; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
secondly, a microseism monitoring result of the latest time and a monitoring result of the pressure state of a corresponding monitoring well are obtained, and whether the salt cavern is leaked at present is further judged;
3) when the stability of a certain salt cavity is abnormal in the first step, the following steps are carried out:
judging whether two instability conditions of creep deformation or sedimentation exist in the salt cavern cavity at present according to abnormal data; and the combination of (a) and (b),
secondly, adjusting a salt cavern stability monitoring result at the latest time, and judging whether the salt cavern has two instability conditions of creep deformation or sedimentation at present by combining with the salt cavern stability abnormal data;
in case 1) to case 3) of the above-mentioned step two,
if the salt cavern does not have four instability conditions of creep deformation, sedimentation, rib caving and collapse at present, the current monitoring data and the historical monitoring data are taken to establish a simulation model, and whether the salt cavern is likely to have the instability condition of the corresponding type about to occur or not is judged in advance; if the instability condition is likely to occur, adjusting working parameters of the salt cavern, wherein the working parameters comprise cavity upper limit pressure, cavity lower limit pressure, gas injection and extraction rate and gas extraction and extraction rate;
if the salt cavern does have four instability conditions of creep deformation, sedimentation, rib caving and collapse at present, and working parameters of the salt cavern are adjusted, wherein the working parameters comprise upper limit pressure of the salt cavern, lower limit pressure of the salt cavern, gas injection and extraction rate and gas extraction rate;
and if the salt cavern has a leakage condition currently, selecting to repair or abandon the well according to the leakage condition.
2. The method for monitoring the stability of the cavity of the salt cavern gas storage according to claim 1, wherein the method for monitoring whether the production dynamics of a single well is abnormal in the first step is as follows: the wellhead pressure, the bottom temperature and the wellhead flow of the injection and production well are collected in real time, and meanwhile, the wellhead pressure and the bottom temperature of the monitoring well are collected in real time, and the following judgment is carried out:
1) during the gas injection period of the injection and production well, if the pressure of the salt cavern cavity gradually rises, the temperature gradually rises and the gas storage quantity of the salt cavern cavity gradually rises, the production state of the injection and production well is judged to be normal; otherwise, judging the production state of the injection and production well as abnormal;
2) during gas production of the injection and production well, if the pressure of the salt cavern cavity is gradually reduced, the temperature is gradually reduced, and the gas storage quantity of the salt cavern cavity is gradually reduced, the production state of the injection and production well is judged to be normal; otherwise, judging the production state of the injection and production well as abnormal;
3) in the shut-in period of the injection and production well after gas injection, if the pressure of the salt cavern is gradually reduced to a balance point, the temperature is gradually recovered to the formation temperature, and the gas storage quantity of the salt cavern is unchanged, the production state of the injection and production well is judged to be normal; otherwise, judging the production state of the injection and production well as abnormal;
4) in the shut-in period of the injection and production well after gas production, if the pressure of the salt cavern is gradually increased to a balance point, the temperature is gradually recovered to the formation temperature, and the gas storage quantity of the salt cavern is unchanged, the production state of the injection and production well is judged to be normal; otherwise, judging the production state of the injection and production well as abnormal;
5) if the pressure value of the wellhead and the temperature value of the bottom of the well are both basically maintained in an unchanged state, the state of the monitoring well is judged to be normal; otherwise, judging the state of the monitoring well as abnormal;
6) using the equation for the state:
calculating the cavity pressure as PiTime corresponding natural gas inventory quantity delta VLibraryAnd calculating delta V 'by using wellhead flow data of the injection and production well'LibraryComparing the values if Δ VLibraryAnd delta V'LibraryIf the error rate does not exceed the qualified threshold value, the injection and production well state is judged to be normal; otherwise, judging the production state of the injection and production well as abnormal;
in the above cases 1) to 6), when any one of the cases is judged to be abnormal, the production dynamics of the salt cavern is abnormal.
3. The method for monitoring the stability of the cavity of the salt cavern gas storage according to claim 1, wherein in the step one, the method for monitoring whether the sealing performance of the salt cavern cavity is abnormal is as follows:
monitoring the pressure state of the monitoring well: acquiring wellhead pressure and shaft annulus pressure of a monitoring well in real time; if the wellhead pressure value and the shaft annulus pressure value are both basically maintained in an unchanged state, the monitoring well state is judged to be normal; otherwise, judging the state of the monitoring well as abnormal;
tracer monitoring: periodically injecting tracer gas into the salt cavern during the gas injection process of the injection and production well, and performing multi-point air sample collection on the whole reservoir area by using an air sampler after 1 month; then separating and analyzing a plurality of air samples by utilizing a gas chromatography Fourier transform electrostatic field orbit trap mass spectrometer, a multi-atmosphere thermal desorption furnace and an ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometer to obtain the concentration of the tracer gas in each air sample, and determining the position of a salt cavity possibly with tracer gas leakage by reversely tracking the air sample with the detected tracer gas; wherein, the injection amount of the tracer gas in each salt cavern is as follows: at each 25X 104m3Is injected into the salt cavity of 5m3The tracer gas of (a);
and (3) micro-seismic monitoring: and (3) periodically monitoring the reservoir area by microseismic, and analyzing whether the underground fault is activated or not or whether the salt cavern collapses or not by acquiring underground sound data.
4. The method of monitoring the stability of a salt cavern gas storage cavity of claim 3, wherein tracer monitoring is performed at least once a year and microseismic monitoring is performed at least once a year.
5. The method for monitoring the stability of the cavity of the salt cavern gas storage according to claim 1, wherein in the step one, the method for monitoring whether the stability of the salt cavern is abnormal is as follows: regularly adopting a pressurized sonar logging method to measure the cavity shape and volume of each salt cavern, and judging as follows:
1) when the current cavity form of the salt cavern is compared with the last measured cavity form, and the current cavity form has the condition of local structure loss or local structure arching, judging that the cavity form of the salt cavern is abnormal;
2) when the current inner cavity volume of the salt cavern is compared with the previously measured inner cavity volume, and the annual average change rate is more than or equal to 1 percent, judging that the inner cavity volume of the salt cavern is abnormal;
3) the method comprises the steps of (1) substituting data obtained by monitoring pressurized sonar corresponding to each salt cavern, stratum parameters of a reservoir area, rock mechanical test parameters, ground stress test data, construction operation historical data, mechanical parameter check data, salt cavern geometric parameters and salt cavern operation parameters into abaqus and/or Flac3D software to obtain five stability evaluation index results of tensile stress, plastic region evaluation, linear expansion coefficient, creep rate and volume shrinkage; comparing the obtained result with a set qualified threshold value, and if any stability evaluation index result is not within the qualified threshold value, judging that the stability of the salt cavern is abnormal;
in any of the above cases 1) to 3), if it is determined to be abnormal, the stability of the salt cavern is abnormal.
6. The method of monitoring the stability of a cavity of a salt cavern gas storage as recited in claim 5, wherein in step one, the monitoring of the stability of the salt cavern is performed at least once every three years.
7. The method for monitoring the stability of the cavity of the salt cavern gas storage according to claim 1, wherein in the step one, the method for monitoring whether the ground subsidence is abnormal is as follows: regularly adopt level method or synthetic aperture radar method to monitor the ground settlement condition in reservoir area, obtain the current year ground settlement volume in reservoir area, including the settlement volume in the vertical direction and the settlement volume in the horizontal direction, from measuring the total amount of ground settlement of the starting time to current year, including the total amount of ground vertical settlement and the total amount of ground horizontal settlement, and the average settlement rate in year ground, including the average settlement rate in year ground vertical and the average settlement rate in year ground level, and carry out as follows and judge:
1) if the total vertical ground settlement is more than or equal to 250mm or the total horizontal ground settlement is more than or equal to 150mm, judging that the ground settlement is abnormal;
2) if the annual ground mean sedimentation rate of the reservoir area occurs for three consecutive years: judging that the ground settlement is abnormal if the annual ground horizontal average settlement rate is more than or equal to 15 mm/year or the annual ground vertical average settlement rate is more than or equal to 20 mm/year;
in the above cases 1) and 2), when either case is determined to be abnormal, there is an abnormality in the ground subsidence.
8. The method of monitoring the stability of a salt cavern gas storage cavity of claim 7, wherein in step one, ground subsidence monitoring is performed at least once a year.
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