CN113265583A - Microalloy free-cutting non-adjusting steel for automobile crankshaft and production process thereof - Google Patents
Microalloy free-cutting non-adjusting steel for automobile crankshaft and production process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
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- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0087—Treatment of slags covering the steel bath, e.g. for separating slag from the molten metal
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
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- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
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Abstract
The invention discloses a production process of microalloy free-cutting non-adjusting steel for an automobile crankshaft, which comprises the following steps: electric furnace steelmaking → LF refining → VD vacuum processing → continuous casting → slow cooling → heating → rolling → finishing → detection → warehousing, in the electric furnace steelmaking step: adding refined synthetic slag into the electric furnace steel tapping; in the LF refining step: feeding aluminum wires after the refining ladle rapidly melts slag, wherein the aluminum wires cannot be fed, adding silica sand before the LF is discharged from a station to adjust slag, and enabling the alkalinity of the VD at the station to reach about 2.0; in the VD vacuum processing step: the ladle is fed with sulfur wires when arriving at the station, the sulfur content reaches the target value, and then the ladle is treated in vacuum. The invention also discloses the microalloy free-cutting non-adjusting steel for the automobile crankshaft, which is prepared by the production process. The microalloy free-cutting non-adjusting steel for the automobile crankshaft and the production process thereof can effectively control sulfide inclusions and avoid the problems of flocculation and the like in the pouring process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to microalloy free-cutting non-adjusting steel for an automobile crankshaft and a production process thereof, belonging to the technical field of material smelting.
Background
Non-quenched and tempered steel for automobile crankshafts generally refers to that micro-alloy elements (trace elements such as V, Ti, Nb, N and the like) are added into medium carbon steel, temperature-controlled rolling (forging) is carried out for cooling at controlled temperature, carbon (nitrogen) compounds are dispersed and precipitated in ferrite and pearlite to be strengthening phases, so that steel grades with mechanical properties achieved by carbon structural steel or alloy structural steel after quenching and tempering are obtained without quenching and tempering after rolling (forging), a large amount of sulfur elements are often added into the steel grades for improving the cutting performance after forging, the traditional smelting process with higher sulfur content cannot meet the requirements of standards on sulfide inclusion, the steel grades contain higher manganese elements, an easily deformable substance MnS is formed in the solidification process, the deformation and elongation are carried out in subsequent rolling (forging), so that the metal presents anisotropy, the mechanical properties of products are deteriorated, on the other hand, Al deoxidation is adopted for smelting the steel grades, the flocculation flow is easy to form in the casting process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide the unadjusted steel for the microalloy free-cutting automobile crankshaft and the production process thereof, wherein the unadjusted steel can effectively control sulfide inclusions and avoid the problems of flocculation and flow formation in the casting process.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a production process of microalloy free-cutting non-adjusting steel for an automobile crankshaft comprises the following steps: electric furnace steel making → LF refining → VD vacuum processing → continuous casting → slow cooling → heating → rolling → finishing → detection → warehousing,
the electric furnace steelmaking step comprises: adding refined synthetic slag into the electric furnace steel tapping;
in the LF refining step: feeding aluminum wires after the refining ladle rapidly melts slag, wherein the aluminum wires cannot be fed, adding silica sand before the LF is discharged from a station to adjust slag, and enabling the alkalinity of the VD at the station to reach about 2.0;
in the VD vacuum processing step: the ladle is fed with sulfur wires when arriving at the station, the sulfur content reaches the target value, and then the ladle is treated in vacuum.
The electric furnace steelmaking step comprises: end point carbon mass fraction is: 0.08-0.30%; the mass fraction of the target phosphorus is less than or equal to 0.010 percent; the target temperature is more than or equal to 1580 ℃.
In the LF refining step: in the early stage of refining, 0-100 kg of lime is added according to slag conditions to carry out slag mixing, Fe-Si powder and Si-C slag surface diffusion deoxidation is adopted, the white slag time is more than or equal to 20min, and the smelting time is more than or equal to 35 min.
In the LF refining step: the LF refining process keeps argon smooth, argon is properly increased in the early stage for stirring, deoxidation and alloying are promoted, the argon strength in the middle stage is kept in the middle stage of alloy adding, and molten steel is prevented from rolling and oxidizing in the later stage of refining.
In the VD vacuum processing step: feeding a manganese nitride line for increasing nitrogen, feeding a titanium line for increasing titanium and feeding a calcium silicate line for 50-60 m/furnace in the air breaking manner, performing calcium treatment, wherein the feeding sequence is the manganese nitride line → the titanium line → the calcium silicate line, and feeding a proper amount of sulfur line according to the sulfur loss condition.
In the continuous casting step: pouring low superheat degree, wherein the superheat degree is 14-35 ℃, fully starting two-stage water cooling, wherein the first-stage cold water is 3300L/min, and the second-stage cold water is 380-1; the crystallizer is electromagnetically stirred for 250A/2Hz, the casting flow is stirred for 200A/8Hz, the stirring is not carried out for 1100A/8Hz, and the pulling speed is 0.65 m/min.
The utility model provides a microalloy free-cutting is non-transferred steel for automobile crankshaft which characterized in that: the microalloy free-cutting automobile crankshaft steel is prepared by the unadjusted steel production process.
The chemical components and the mass percentage are as follows: c: 0.37 to 0.42%, Si: 0.50 to 0.65%, Mn: 1.30-1.50%, P: less than or equal to 0.025%, S: 0.050 to 0.060%, Cr: 0.10-0.20%, 0.1-0.15% of Ni, less than or equal to 0.20% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.05% of Mo, V: 0.10 to 0.13 percent of Nb, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of Nb, 0.010 to 0.030 percent of Ti, Al: 0.010-0.025%, H: 2ppm or less, O: less than or equal to 30ppm, N: 150-170 ppm, and the balance Fe and residual elements.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the microalloy free-cutting non-adjusting steel for the automobile crankshaft and the production process thereof, deoxidation is enhanced at the early stage in the steelmaking process, a large amount of refining synthetic slag is added into electric furnace steel tapping, LF refining quickly reaches white slag, oxygen is quickly removed to a target level, Al is not supplemented in the smelting process, and large-particle Al in the LF refining process is avoided2O3Large grain Al generated in the earlier stage of smelting2O3Fully floating; adding silica sand before LF delivery to adjust slag system for subsequent sulfurization, feeding sulfur line before VD vacuum to increase sulfur, performing calcium treatment after vacuum to deform impurities, and treating Al2O3Denaturing to obtain low-melting-point 12CaO.7Al2O3、3CaO.Al2O3When the calcium aluminate grows up through polymerization, on the other hand, fine high-melting-point CaS is generated, CaS and residual fine calcium aluminate become cores of MnS nucleation in the solidification process, and strip-shaped sulfides are prevented from being generated in the subsequent rolling (forging) process, and finally the sulfides exist in a dispersed spindle shape in the matrix, so that the anisotropy of the product is greatly reduced.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below, and the following examples are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but not to limit the scope of the present invention.
The invention discloses a production process of microalloy free-cutting non-adjusting steel for an automobile crankshaft, which comprises the following steps: electric furnace steel making → LF refining → VD vacuum processing → continuous casting → slow cooling → heating → rolling → finishing → detection → warehousing.
The specific process requirements of the electric furnace steel-making stage are as follows: end-point carbon mass fraction: 0.08-0.30%; ② the mass fraction of the target phosphorus is less than or equal to 0.010 percent; the temperature of the target is more than or equal to 1580 ℃; opening bottom blowing argon before tapping, blowing argon in the whole process during tapping, tapping 105t in an electric furnace, strictly prohibiting slag discharging during tapping, and timely hoisting to an LF station after tapping is finished; fifth, tapping: adding 500kg of lime, 400kg of cleaning promoter and 120kg of tapping aluminum per furnace; 1663kg of silicon-manganese alloy and 109kg of ferrosilicon alloy are preliminarily alloyed at the early stage and fully deoxidized.
Wherein, the process of the LF refining stage comprises the following steps: firstly, feeding aluminum wires after rapid slagging of a refining ladle to promote early-stage deoxidation, and then not feeding the aluminum wires, so that large-particle Al generated in the early stage is generated on the one hand2O3Fully float, and prevent large-particle Al in later period2O3Generating, and rapidly entering a white slag stage; adding 0-100 kg of lime according to slag conditions in the early stage of refining to adjust slag, and performing diffusion deoxidation by adopting Fe-Si powder and Si-C slag surfaces, wherein the white slag time is more than or equal to 20min, and the smelting time is more than or equal to 35 min; adding silica sand for slag adjustment before LF leaving the station, and enabling the VD arrival alkalinity to reach about 2.0; and thirdly, the LF refining process keeps argon smooth, argon is properly increased in the early stage for stirring, deoxidation and alloying are promoted, the argon strength in the argon is kept in the middle stage of alloy addition, and molten steel is prevented from rolling and oxidizing in the later stage of refining.
The specific process requirements of the VD vacuum treatment stage are as follows: firstly, feeding a sulfur line when a steel ladle arrives at a station, wherein the sulfur content reaches a target value; secondly, performing vacuum treatment, wherein the maximum vacuum degree is less than or equal to 67pa, the high vacuum retention time is more than or equal to 12min, and the soft blowing time is more than or equal to 15min, so that impurities are ensured to float sufficiently; feeding manganese nitride thread for increasing nitrogen, feeding titanium thread for increasing titanium and feeding silicon calcium thread for 50-60 m/furnace to perform calcium treatment, wherein the thread feeding sequence is manganese nitride thread → titanium thread → silicon calcium thread, and proper amount of sulfur thread can be fed according to the sulfur loss condition.
The specific process requirements in the continuous casting stage are as follows: pouring low superheat degree, wherein the superheat degree is 14-35 ℃, two-stage water cooling is started completely, the first-stage water cooling is 3300L/min, the second-stage water cooling is 380-1 (55L/min in a 1 region, 37L/min in a 2a region and 11L/min in a 2b region), dendritic crystal generation is effectively controlled, and dendritic crystal segregation is further controlled; ② the crystallizer is electromagnetically stirred for 250(A)/2Hz, the casting flow is stirred for 200 (A)/8Hz, the casting flow is not stirred for 1100(A)/8Hz, the drawing speed is 0.65m/min, the low-power mass and the center segregation are effectively controlled, and the center segregation of MnS is weakened. In the stage, the control of sulfide mainly controls the precipitation of MnS, the precipitation of MnS appears in a microscopic residual liquid phase between dendrites, and the mechanical property is deteriorated after rolling (forging) due to the precipitation of single MnS, so after the calcium treatment of a VD (vacuum degassing) process, the MnS takes calcium aluminate and calcium sulfide as cores, and the precipitation of MnS is further controlled.
The invention also discloses the microalloy free-cutting non-adjusting steel for the automobile crankshaft, which is prepared by the microalloy free-cutting non-adjusting steel production process for the automobile crankshaft.
Example 1: obtained by electric furnace steelmaking, LF refining, VD vacuum treatment, continuous casting, slow cooling and rolling
The round steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass (unit, wt%): c: 0.38%, Si: 0.62%, Mn: 1.39%, P: 0.012%, S: 0.054%, Cr: 0.17%, Ni 0.12%, Cu 0.018%, Mo 0.018%, V: 0.1%, Nb 0.015%, Ti 0.013%, Al: 0.015%, H: 1.2ppm, O: 8.9ppm, N: 157ppm, the remainder being Fe and residual elements. Sulfide inclusions (Ae, a) were detected after passing through the rolling. The results are shown in the following table. The standard requirement of the sulfide inclusions of the steel grade is less than or equal to 3.0 grade, and the sulfide inclusions are effectively controlled by implementing the process.
Example 2: obtained by electric furnace steelmaking, LF refining, VD vacuum treatment, continuous casting, slow cooling and rolling
The round steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass (unit, wt%): c: 0.39%, Si: 0.62 percent,Mn: 1.39%, P: 0.012%, S: 0.051%, Cr: 0.17%, Ni 0.12%, Cu 0.015%, Mo 0.016%, V: 0.11%, Nb 0.003%, Ti 0.015%, Al: 0.015%, H: 0.9ppm, O: 15.5ppm, N: 159ppm, the others are Fe and residual elements. Sulfide inclusions (Ae, a) were detected after passing through the rolling. The results are shown in the following table. The standard requirement of the sulfide inclusions of the steel grade is less than or equal to 3.0 grade, and the sulfide inclusions are effectively controlled by implementing the process.
According to the results, the set of complete microalloy free-cutting non-adjusting steel production process for the automobile crankshaft is formed by setting the parameters of the electric furnace, the LF refining, the VD and the continuous casting, sulfide inclusions can be effectively controlled through the implementation of the process, and the quality of finished products meets the standard requirements.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A production process of microalloy free-cutting non-adjusting steel for automobile crankshafts is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps: electric furnace steel making → LF refining → VD vacuum processing → continuous casting → slow cooling → heating → rolling → finishing → detection → warehousing,
the electric furnace steelmaking step comprises: adding refined synthetic slag into the electric furnace steel tapping;
in the LF refining step: feeding aluminum wires after the refining ladle rapidly melts slag, wherein the aluminum wires cannot be fed, adding silica sand before the LF is discharged from a station to adjust slag, and enabling the alkalinity of the VD at the station to reach about 2.0;
in the VD vacuum processing step: the ladle is fed with sulfur wires when arriving at the station, the sulfur content reaches the target value, and then the ladle is treated in vacuum.
2. The production process of the unadjusted steel for the microalloy free-cutting automobile crankshaft as claimed in claim 1, wherein the unadjusted steel comprises the following steps: the electric furnace steelmaking step comprises: end point carbon mass fraction is: 0.08-0.30%; the mass fraction of the target phosphorus is less than or equal to 0.010 percent; the target temperature is more than or equal to 1580 ℃.
3. The production process of the unadjusted steel for the microalloy free-cutting automobile crankshaft as claimed in claim 1, wherein the unadjusted steel comprises the following steps: in the LF refining step: in the early stage of refining, 0-100 kg of lime is added according to slag conditions to carry out slag mixing, Fe-Si powder and Si-C slag surface diffusion deoxidation is adopted, the white slag time is more than or equal to 20min, and the smelting time is more than or equal to 35 min.
4. The production process of the unadjusted steel for the microalloy free-cutting automobile crankshaft as claimed in claim 1, wherein the unadjusted steel comprises the following steps: in the LF refining step: the LF refining process keeps argon smooth, argon is properly increased in the early stage for stirring, deoxidation and alloying are promoted, the argon strength in the middle stage is kept in the middle stage of alloy adding, and molten steel is prevented from rolling and oxidizing in the later stage of refining.
5. The production process of the unadjusted steel for the microalloy free-cutting automobile crankshaft as claimed in claim 1, wherein the unadjusted steel comprises the following steps: in the VD vacuum processing step: feeding a manganese nitride line for increasing nitrogen, feeding a titanium line for increasing titanium and feeding a calcium silicate line for 50-60 m/furnace in the air breaking manner, performing calcium treatment, wherein the feeding sequence is the manganese nitride line → the titanium line → the calcium silicate line, and feeding a proper amount of sulfur line according to the sulfur loss condition.
6. The production process of the unadjusted steel for the microalloy free-cutting automobile crankshaft as claimed in claim 1, wherein the unadjusted steel comprises the following steps: in the continuous casting step: pouring low superheat degree, wherein the superheat degree is 14-35 ℃, fully starting two-stage water cooling, wherein the first-stage cold water is 3300L/min, and the second-stage cold water is 380-1; the crystallizer is electromagnetically stirred for 250A/2Hz, the casting flow is stirred for 200A/8Hz, the stirring is not carried out for 1100A/8Hz, and the pulling speed is 0.65 m/min.
7. The utility model provides a microalloy free-cutting is non-transferred steel for automobile crankshaft which characterized in that: the microalloy free-cutting automobile crankshaft steel is prepared by the production process of the microalloy free-cutting automobile crankshaft steel.
8. The unadjusted microalloyed free-cutting steel for automobile crankshafts according to claim 7, characterized in that: the chemical components and the mass percentage are as follows: c: 0.37 to 0.42%, Si: 0.50 to 0.65%, Mn: 1.30-1.50%, P: less than or equal to 0.025%, S: 0.050 to 0.060%, Cr: 0.10-0.20%, 0.1-0.15% of Ni, less than or equal to 0.20% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.05% of Mo, V: 0.10 to 0.13 percent of Nb, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of Nb, 0.010 to 0.030 percent of Ti, Al: 0.010-0.025%, H: 2ppm or less, O: less than or equal to 30ppm, N: 150-170 ppm, and the balance Fe and residual elements.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN114393182A (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2022-04-26 | 江苏联峰能源装备有限公司 | Control method for sulfide form of free-cutting gear steel |
| CN114959428A (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2022-08-30 | 武汉科技大学 | Steel making method of free-cutting non-quenched and tempered steel and non-quenched and tempered steel |
| CN115011877A (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2022-09-06 | 江苏联峰能源装备有限公司 | Non-quenched and tempered steel for sulfur-containing automobile crankshaft and production process thereof |
| CN115852239A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2023-03-28 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | High-strength and high-toughness free-cutting non-quenched and tempered steel and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN117230377A (en) * | 2023-11-10 | 2023-12-15 | 江苏利淮钢铁有限公司 | Steel for new energy electric automobile battery pack support frame and production method thereof |
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