CN113265555A - Method for preparing high-strength high-conductivity heat-resistant aluminum conductor from waste aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Method for preparing high-strength high-conductivity heat-resistant aluminum conductor from waste aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for preparing a high-strength high-conductivity heat-resistant aluminum conductor from waste aluminum alloy, and relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy materials. The method comprises the steps of smelting waste aluminum alloy, adding boron and rare earth elements into obtained alloy liquid, mixing, and cooling to obtain an ingot; the adding amount of the boron element is 0.02-0.08% of the mass of the waste aluminum alloy; the rare earth elements are Ce and/or Y, and the total addition of the rare earth elements is 0.01-0.25% of the mass of the waste aluminum alloy; and then carrying out homogenization treatment, extrusion deformation, solution heat treatment, drawing forming and aging treatment on the cast ingot in sequence to obtain the high-strength high-conductivity heat-resistant aluminum conductor. According to the invention, the aluminum conductor with high strength, high conductivity and good heat resistance is prepared from the waste aluminum alloy by adding the boron element and the rare earth element and combining a specific heat treatment process, so that not only is the resource recovery of the waste aluminum alloy realized, but also the prepared aluminum conductor has excellent performance, and the production cost of the aluminum conductor is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy materials, in particular to a method for preparing a high-strength high-conductivity heat-resistant aluminum conductor from waste aluminum alloy.
Background
Aluminum alloy is widely used in production as an important non-ferrous metal resource, and consequently, a large amount of waste aluminum alloy is generated. The waste aluminum alloy not only causes resource waste, but also causes serious pollution to the environment. The recycling of aluminum alloy is realized, and the problem to be solved is urgent.
The aluminum wire is usually made of pure aluminum added with relatively expensive metal elements such as Sc, Zr and the like, has relatively high cost, faces a technical bottleneck, and cannot effectively meet the requirements of a large number of engineering applications.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention is directed to a method for preparing a high-strength, high-conductivity, and heat-resistant aluminum conductor from waste aluminum alloy. The method provided by the invention realizes resource recovery of the waste aluminum alloy, and the prepared aluminum conductor has excellent performance, has the advantages of high strength, high conductivity and heat resistance, and reduces the production cost of the aluminum conductor.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for preparing a high-strength high-conductivity heat-resistant aluminum conductor from waste aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting waste aluminum alloy, adding boron and rare earth elements into the obtained alloy liquid, mixing, and cooling to room temperature to obtain an ingot; the mass ratio of Mg to Si in the waste aluminum alloy is 1.6-2.7, and the rest metal elements are aluminum and inevitable impurity metals; the adding amount of the boron element is 0.02-0.08% of the mass of the waste aluminum alloy; the rare earth elements are Ce and/or Y, and the total addition of the rare earth elements is 0.01-0.25% of the mass of the waste aluminum alloy;
(2) and (3) carrying out homogenization treatment, extrusion deformation, solution heat treatment, drawing forming and aging treatment on the cast ingot in sequence to obtain the high-strength high-conductivity heat-resistant aluminum conductor.
Preferably, the mass percentage of Mg in the waste aluminum alloy is 0.3-1.3%, and the mass percentage of Si in the waste aluminum alloy is 0.2-1.2%.
Preferably, the inevitable impurity metal comprises one or more of titanium, vanadium, manganese and chromium; the mass percentage of the inevitable impurity metal in the waste aluminum alloy is less than or equal to 0.005 percent.
Preferably, the adding amount of the boron element is 0.05-0.08% of the mass of the waste aluminum alloy; the total adding amount of the rare earth elements is 0.05-0.21% of the mass of the waste aluminum alloy.
Preferably, the addition amount of Ce in the rare earth elements is 0.01-0.15% of the mass of the waste aluminum alloy, and the addition amount of Y is 0.01-0.15% of the mass of the waste aluminum alloy.
Preferably, the smelting temperature is 680-760 ℃.
Preferably, the temperature of the homogenization treatment is 480-520 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-12 h; the heating rate of heating to the homogenization treatment temperature is 9-10 ℃/min; and the cooling rate after the homogenization treatment is 8-9 ℃/min.
Preferably, the temperature of the solution heat treatment is 520-540 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-2 h; the heating rate of heating to the temperature of the solution heat treatment is 9-10 ℃/min; the cooling rate after the solution heat treatment is 9-10 ℃/min.
Preferably, the temperature of the aging treatment is 200-210 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5-8 h.
Preferably, the high-strength high-conductivity heat-resistant aluminum wire has tensile strength of more than 200MPa, yield strength of more than 120MPa, conductivity of more than 55% IACS and heat-resistant temperature of more than 210 ℃.
The invention provides a method for preparing a high-strength high-conductivity heat-resistant aluminum conductor from waste aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps: (1) smelting waste aluminum alloy, adding boron and rare earth elements into the obtained alloy liquid, mixing, and cooling to room temperature to obtain an ingot; the mass ratio of Mg to Si in the waste aluminum alloy is 1.6-2.7, and the rest metal elements are aluminum and inevitable impurity metals; the adding amount of the boron element is 0.02-0.08% of the mass of the waste aluminum alloy; the rare earth elements are Ce and/or Y, and the total addition of the rare earth elements is 0.01-0.25% of the mass of the waste aluminum alloy; (2) and (3) carrying out homogenization treatment, extrusion deformation, solution heat treatment, drawing forming and aging treatment on the cast ingot in sequence to obtain the high-strength high-conductivity heat-resistant aluminum conductor. The method takes the waste aluminum alloy with the composition of Al-Mg-Si as a recovery object, and boron is added to play a role in purifying and refining the solidified grain structure of the alloy; the addition of the rare earth element Ce plays a role in refining grains and increasing strength, and the addition of the rare earth element Y plays a role in enhancing heat resistance; and then through a specific heat treatment process, the alloy matrix is purified, the grain structure is refined, secondary dendrites are reduced, and the grain boundary structure is improved, so that the aims of synchronously improving the strength, the conductivity and the heat resistance of the alloy are fulfilled. Therefore, the aluminum conductor with high strength, high conductivity and heat resistance is prepared from the waste aluminum alloy by adding the boron element and the rare earth element and combining the synergistic effect of the specific heat treatment process, so that the resource recovery of the waste aluminum alloy is realized, the performance of the prepared aluminum conductor is excellent, and the production cost of the aluminum conductor is reduced.
The results of the examples show that the tensile strength of the aluminum wire prepared from the waste aluminum alloy is more than 200MPa, the yield strength is more than 120MPa, the conductivity is more than 55% IACS, and the heat-resisting temperature is more than 210 ℃.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for preparing a high-strength high-conductivity heat-resistant aluminum conductor from waste aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting waste aluminum alloy, adding boron and rare earth elements into the obtained alloy liquid, mixing, and cooling to room temperature to obtain an ingot; the mass ratio of Mg to Si in the waste aluminum alloy is 1.6-2.7, and the rest metal elements are aluminum and inevitable impurity metals; the adding amount of the boron element is 0.02-0.08% of the mass of the waste aluminum alloy; the rare earth elements are Ce and/or Y, and the total addition of the rare earth elements is 0.01-0.25% of the mass of the waste aluminum alloy;
(2) and (3) carrying out homogenization treatment, extrusion deformation, solution heat treatment, drawing forming and aging treatment on the cast ingot in sequence to obtain the high-strength high-conductivity heat-resistant aluminum conductor.
The method comprises the steps of smelting waste aluminum alloy, adding boron and rare earth elements into the obtained alloy liquid, mixing, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the cast ingot. In the invention, the mass ratio of Mg to Si in the waste aluminum alloy is 1.6-2.7, and the rest metal elements are aluminum and inevitable impurity metals. In the invention, the mass ratio of Mg to Si in the waste aluminum alloy is preferably 1.6-2.2, and specifically can be 1.6, 1.8, 2.0 and 2.2; the mass percentage of Mg in the waste aluminum alloy is preferably 0.3-1.3%, and the mass percentage of Si is preferably 0.2-1.2%. In the present invention, the inevitable impurity metal preferably includes one or more of titanium, vanadium, manganese and chromium; the mass percentage of the inevitable impurities in the waste aluminum alloy is preferably less than or equal to 0.005 percent. The invention determines whether the content of corresponding elements in the waste aluminum alloy is in a required range by detecting the components of the waste aluminum alloy. The invention takes the waste aluminum alloy with the composition of Al-Mg-Si as a recovery object, namely Mg and Si in the waste aluminum alloy are main alloy elements, wherein Mg can improve the mechanical property, and Si can improve the casting fluidity. The invention has no special requirements on the source of the waste aluminum alloy and can meet the element composition; in the embodiment of the invention, the waste aluminum alloy is a waste aluminum conductor.
Before smelting, the invention preferably carries out mechanical crushing, cleaning and drying on the waste aluminum alloy in sequence. The present invention does not require any particular method for mechanically crushing the waste aluminum alloy, and the waste aluminum alloy is crushed to be easily smelted by a method well known to those skilled in the art. The method for cleaning is not particularly required by the invention, and the oxides and impurities on the surface of the waste aluminum alloy can be cleaned by adopting a method well known by the technical personnel in the field. The invention has no special requirements on the drying temperature and time, and the drying is carried out until the weight is constant.
In the invention, the smelting temperature is preferably 680-760 ℃, and more preferably 700-720 ℃; the smelting mode is not particularly required, and the smelting mode known by the technical personnel in the field can be adopted; and obtaining alloy liquid after smelting.
In the present invention, the amount of boron (B) added is 0.02 to 0.08%, preferably 0.05 to 0.08%, and specifically may be 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.08% of the mass of the waste aluminum alloy. In the present invention, the boron element is preferably added in the form of an Al-B master alloy, and the molar ratio of Al to B in the Al-B master alloy is preferably 1: 2; the addition of the Al-B intermediate alloy is calculated based on the addition of the boron element. The source of the Al-B master alloy is not particularly required in the present invention, and commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art may be used. In the invention, the boron element can play a role in purifying and refining the solidified grain structure of the alloy.
In the invention, the rare earth element is Ce (cerium) and/or Y (yttrium), and the total addition amount of the rare earth element is 0.01-0.25% of the mass of the waste aluminum alloy, preferably 0.05-0.21%, namely: when the rare earth element is only Ce, the addition amount of the Ce is preferably 0.05-0.21% of the mass of the waste aluminum alloy; when the rare earth element is only Y, the addition amount of Y is preferably 0.05-0.21% of the mass of the waste aluminum alloy; when the rare earth element is a mixture of Ce and Y, the addition amount of the mixture of Ce and Y is preferably 0.05-0.21% of the mass of the waste aluminum alloy, the invention has no special requirement on the mixing proportion of Ce and Y in the mixture, and the requirement on the total addition amount of the rare earth element is ensured, in the embodiment of the invention, when the rare earth element is the mixture of Ce and Y, the addition amount of Ce in the rare earth element is further preferably 0.01-0.15% of the mass of the waste aluminum alloy, and the addition amount of Y is further preferably 0.01-0.15% of the mass of the waste aluminum alloy. In the present invention, the Ce and Y are preferably added in the form of Al-Ce master alloy and Al-Y master alloy, respectively; the invention has no special requirements on the Al-Ce intermediate alloy and the Al-Y intermediate alloy, and corresponding commercial products well known by the technicians in the field can be adopted; the addition of the Al-Ce intermediate alloy and the Al-Y intermediate alloy is calculated based on the addition of the rare earth elements. In the invention, the rare earth element Ce plays a role in refining crystal grains and increasing strength, and the rare earth element Y plays a role in enhancing heat resistance.
The invention has no special requirement on the method for mixing the alloy liquid with the boron element and the rare earth element, and the mixing method well known by the technicians in the field is adopted to ensure that the boron element and the rare earth element are uniformly mixed in the alloy liquid. The cooling method of the invention has no special requirement, and the ingot can be obtained after the ingot is cooled to the room temperature along with the furnace cooling.
After the ingot is obtained, the ingot is sequentially subjected to homogenization treatment, extrusion deformation, solution heat treatment, drawing forming and aging treatment to obtain the high-strength high-conductivity heat-resistant aluminum conductor. In the invention, the temperature of the homogenization treatment is preferably 480-520 ℃, and the heat preservation time is preferably 10-12 h; the heating rate of the temperature to the homogenization treatment temperature is preferably 9 to 10 ℃/min. The method of operation of the homogenization treatment of the present invention is not particularly limited, and any method known to those skilled in the art may be used. In the invention, the cooling rate after homogenization treatment is preferably 8-9 ℃/min; the invention preferably cools to room temperature at the cooling rate and then performs subsequent extrusion deformation. In the invention, the homogenization treatment can eliminate or reduce the structures of nonuniform and unbalanced components in the crystal during the actual crystallization of the cast ingot, and improve the processing performance and the service performance of the alloy material.
The method of operation of the extrusion deformation is not particularly required in the present invention, and the method of operation known to those skilled in the art may be used. In the embodiment of the present invention, the ingot after the homogenization treatment is preferably extruded and deformed into an extrusion rod having a diameter of 10 mm. In the invention, the extrusion deformation can make the alloy structure more compact and eliminate the stress of the alloy structure.
In the invention, the temperature of the solution heat treatment is preferably 520-540 ℃, and the heat preservation time is preferably 1-2 h; the heating rate of the solution heat treatment is preferably 9 to 10 ℃/min. The method of operation of the solution heat treatment of the present invention is not particularly limited, and any method known to those skilled in the art may be used. In the invention, the cooling rate after the solution heat treatment is preferably 9-10 ℃/min; the invention preferably carries out subsequent drawing forming after cooling to room temperature at the cooling rate. In the invention, the solution heat treatment can promote the eutectic silicon in the alloy to be granulated, can effectively prevent cracks from expanding along an Al-Si interface, and the granulated eutectic silicon reduces distortion energy, and the crack expansion requires energy, so that the crack expansion is difficult, and the toughness of the alloy is further improved.
The present invention has no special requirement on the operation method of the drawing forming, and the operation method known by the technical personnel in the field can be adopted to obtain the conducting wire with the required size.
In the invention, the temperature of the aging treatment is preferably 200-210 ℃, and the heat preservation time is preferably 5-8 h. The method for operating the aging treatment is not particularly required, and the method for operating the aging treatment can be well known to those skilled in the art. And after aging treatment, obtaining the high-strength high-conductivity heat-resistant aluminum conductor.
In the invention, the tensile strength, the yield strength and the heat-resistant temperature of the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum conductor are more than 200MPa, the yield strength is more than 120MPa, the conductivity is more than 55% IACS, and the heat-resistant temperature is more than 210 ℃.
The method takes waste aluminum alloy with the composition of Al-Mg-Si as a recovery object, and boron and rare earth elements are added; and the specific heat treatment process is combined to realize the aims of synchronously improving the strength, the electric conductivity and the heat resistance of the alloy. The method provided by the invention not only realizes resource recovery of the waste aluminum alloy, but also has the advantages of excellent performance, high strength, high conductivity and heat resistance of the prepared aluminum conductor, and reduces the production cost of the aluminum conductor; the obtained high-strength high-conductivity heat-resistant aluminum conductor can be erected by using a traditional construction process, and the line loss can be effectively reduced in the line operation process.
The following will describe the method of manufacturing a high-strength, high-conductivity, heat-resistant aluminum conductor from waste aluminum alloy in detail with reference to the examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
(1) The mass ratio of Mg to Si elements in the recovered waste aluminum alloy is 1.6 (the mass percentage of Mg is 1.3%, the mass percentage of Si is 0.8%), the rest metal elements are aluminum and inevitable impurity metals (titanium, vanadium, manganese and chromium, the mass percentage is less than or equal to 0.005%), the waste aluminum alloy is mechanically crushed, then cleaned and dried, and then the dried waste aluminum alloy is smelted at the temperature of 700-720 ℃;
(2) adding B element (Al-B intermediate alloy), rare earth element Ce (Al-Ce intermediate alloy) and Y (Al-Y intermediate alloy) into the smelted alloy liquid, mixing, and cooling to room temperature to obtain an ingot; B. the adding amount of the rare earth elements Ce and Y is respectively 0.02 percent, 0.05 percent and 0.12 percent of the mass of the waste aluminum alloy;
(3) heating the ingot obtained in the step (2) to 505 ℃ at a heating rate of 9.0 ℃/min for homogenization treatment, wherein the heat preservation time is 12 h; then cooling to room temperature at a cooling rate of 8 ℃/min to obtain an ingot after homogenization treatment;
(4) carrying out extrusion deformation on the cast ingot after the homogenization treatment to obtain an extrusion rod with the diameter of 10 mm;
(5) heating the extrusion rod to 520-530 ℃ at a heating rate of 10.0 ℃/min for solution heat treatment, wherein the heat preservation time is 2 h; then cooling to room temperature at a cooling rate of 10 ℃/min to obtain an extrusion rod subjected to solution treatment;
(6) and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the extrusion rod subjected to the solution treatment after drawing forming at the temperature of 200 ℃ for 7.5h to obtain the high-strength high-conductivity heat-resistant aluminum conductor.
The aluminum wire prepared in example 1 was tested for strength, conductivity and heat resistance, and the results are shown in table 1.
Example 2
(1) The mass ratio of Mg to Si elements in the recovered waste aluminum alloy is 1.8 (the mass percentage of Mg is 1.1 percent, the mass percentage of Si is 0.6 percent), the rest metal elements are aluminum and inevitable impurity metals (titanium, vanadium, manganese and chromium, the mass percentage is less than or equal to 0.005 percent), the waste aluminum alloy is mechanically crushed into pieces, then the pieces are cleaned and dried, and then the dried waste aluminum alloy is smelted at the temperature of 700-720 ℃;
(2) adding B element (Al-B intermediate alloy), rare earth element Ce (Al-Ce intermediate alloy) and Y (Al-Y intermediate alloy) into the smelted alloy liquid, mixing, and cooling to room temperature to obtain an ingot; B. the adding amount of the rare earth elements Ce and Y is respectively 0.02 percent, 0.07 percent and 0.10 percent of the mass of the waste aluminum alloy;
(3) heating the ingot obtained in the step (2) to 500-510 ℃ at a heating rate of 9.0 ℃/min for homogenization treatment, wherein the heat preservation time is 12 h; then cooling to room temperature at a cooling rate of 8 ℃/min to obtain an ingot after homogenization treatment;
(4) carrying out extrusion deformation on the cast ingot after the homogenization treatment to obtain an extrusion rod with the diameter of 10 mm;
(5) heating the extrusion rod to 520-530 ℃ at a heating rate of 10.0 ℃/min for solution heat treatment, wherein the heat preservation time is 2 h; then cooling to room temperature at a cooling rate of 10 ℃/min to obtain an extrusion rod subjected to solution treatment;
(6) and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the extrusion rod subjected to the solution treatment after drawing forming at the temperature of 200 ℃ for 7h to obtain the high-strength high-conductivity heat-resistant aluminum conductor.
The aluminum wire prepared in example 2 was tested for strength, conductivity and heat resistance, and the results are shown in table 1.
Example 3
(1) The mass ratio of Mg to Si elements in the recovered waste aluminum alloy is 2.0 (the mass percentage of Mg is 0.8%, the mass percentage of Si is 0.4%), the rest metal elements are aluminum and inevitable impurity metals (titanium, vanadium, manganese and chromium, the mass percentage is less than or equal to 0.005%), the waste aluminum alloy is mechanically crushed, then cleaned and dried, and then the dried waste aluminum alloy is smelted at the temperature of 700-720 ℃;
(2) adding B element (Al-B intermediate alloy), rare earth element Ce (Al-Ce intermediate alloy) and Y (Al-Y intermediate alloy) into the smelted alloy liquid, mixing, and cooling to room temperature to obtain an ingot; B. the adding amount of the rare earth elements Ce and Y is respectively 0.02 percent, 0.09 percent and 0.08 percent of the mass of the waste aluminum alloy;
(3) heating the ingot obtained in the step (2) to 500-510 ℃ at a heating rate of 9.0 ℃/min for homogenization treatment, wherein the heat preservation time is 12 h; then cooling to room temperature at a cooling rate of 8 ℃/min to obtain an ingot after homogenization treatment;
(4) carrying out extrusion deformation on the cast ingot after the homogenization treatment to obtain an extrusion rod with the diameter of 10 mm;
(5) heating the extrusion rod to 520-530 ℃ at a heating rate of 10.0 ℃/min for solution heat treatment, wherein the heat preservation time is 2 h; then cooling to room temperature at a cooling rate of 10 ℃/min to obtain an extrusion rod subjected to solution treatment;
(6) and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the extrusion rod subjected to the solution treatment after drawing forming at the temperature of 200 ℃ for 7.5h to obtain the high-strength high-conductivity heat-resistant aluminum conductor.
The aluminum wire prepared in example 3 was tested for strength, conductivity and heat resistance, and the results are shown in table 1.
Example 4
(1) The mass ratio of Mg to Si elements in the recovered waste aluminum alloy is 2.2 (the mass percentage of Mg is 1.1 percent, the mass percentage of Si is 0.5 percent), the rest metal elements are aluminum and inevitable impurity metals (titanium, vanadium, manganese and chromium, the mass percentage is less than or equal to 0.005 percent), the waste aluminum alloy is mechanically crushed, cleaned and dried, and then the dried waste aluminum alloy is smelted at the temperature of 700-720 ℃;
(2) adding B element (Al-B intermediate alloy), rare earth element Ce (Al-Ce intermediate alloy) and Y (Al-Y intermediate alloy) into the smelted alloy liquid to obtain a mixed material; B. the adding amount of the rare earth elements Ce and Y is respectively 0.08 percent, 0.11 percent and 0.06 percent of the mass of the waste aluminum alloy;
(3) heating the ingot obtained in the step (2) to 500-510 ℃ at a heating rate of 9.0 ℃/min for homogenization treatment, wherein the heat preservation time is 12 h; then cooling to room temperature at a cooling rate of 8 ℃/min to obtain an ingot after homogenization treatment;
(4) carrying out extrusion deformation on the cast ingot after the homogenization treatment to obtain an extrusion rod with the diameter of 10 mm;
(5) heating the extrusion rod to 520-530 ℃ at a heating rate of 10.0 ℃/min for solution heat treatment, wherein the heat preservation time is 2 h; then cooling to room temperature at a cooling rate of 10 ℃/min to obtain an extrusion rod subjected to solution treatment;
(6) and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the extrusion rod subjected to the solution treatment after drawing forming at the temperature of 200 ℃ for 7h to obtain the high-strength high-conductivity heat-resistant aluminum conductor.
The aluminum wire prepared in example 4 was tested for strength, conductivity and heat resistance, and the results are shown in table 1.
Example 5
(1) The mass ratio of Mg to Si elements in the recovered waste aluminum alloy is 2.5 (the mass percentage of Mg is 1.0%, the mass percentage of Si is 0.4%), the rest metal elements are aluminum and inevitable impurity metals (titanium, vanadium, manganese and chromium, the mass percentage is less than or equal to 0.005%), the waste aluminum alloy is mechanically crushed, then cleaned and dried, and then the dried waste aluminum alloy is smelted at the temperature of 700-720 ℃;
(2) adding B element (Al-B intermediate alloy), rare earth element Ce (Al-Ce intermediate alloy) and Y (Al-Y intermediate alloy) into the smelted alloy liquid, mixing, and cooling to room temperature to obtain an ingot; B. the adding amount of the rare earth elements Ce and Y is respectively 0.08 percent, 0.15 percent and 0.06 percent of the mass of the waste aluminum alloy;
(3) heating the ingot obtained in the step (2) to 500-510 ℃ at a heating rate of 9.0 ℃/min for homogenization treatment, wherein the heat preservation time is 12 h; then cooling to room temperature at a cooling rate of 8 ℃/min to obtain an ingot after homogenization treatment;
(4) carrying out extrusion deformation on the cast ingot after the homogenization treatment to obtain an extrusion rod with the diameter of 10 mm;
(5) heating the extrusion rod to 520-530 ℃ at a heating rate of 10.0 ℃/min for solution heat treatment, wherein the heat preservation time is 2 h; then cooling to room temperature at a cooling rate of 10 ℃/min to obtain an extrusion rod subjected to solution treatment;
(6) and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the extrusion rod subjected to the solution treatment after drawing forming at the temperature of 200 ℃ for 7.5h to obtain the high-strength high-conductivity heat-resistant aluminum conductor.
The aluminum wire prepared in example 5 was tested for strength, conductivity and heat resistance, and the results are shown in table 1.
Example 6
(1) The mass ratio of Mg to Si elements in the recovered waste aluminum alloy is 2.7 (the mass percentage of Mg is 0.8%, the mass percentage of Si is 0.3%), the rest metal elements are aluminum and inevitable impurity metals (titanium, vanadium, manganese and chromium, the mass percentage is less than or equal to 0.005%), the waste aluminum alloy is frozen and crushed, then is cleaned and dried, and then is smelted at the temperature of 700-720 ℃;
(2) adding B element (Al-B intermediate alloy), rare earth element Ce (Al-Ce intermediate alloy) and Y (Al-Y intermediate alloy) into the smelted waste aluminum alloy to obtain a mixed material; B. the adding amount of the rare earth elements Ce and Y is respectively 0.08 percent, 0.17 percent and 0.08 percent of the mass of the waste aluminum alloy;
(3) heating the ingot obtained in the step (2) to 500-510 ℃ at a heating rate of 9.0 ℃/min for homogenization treatment, wherein the heat preservation time is 12 h; then cooling to room temperature at a cooling rate of 8 ℃/min to obtain an ingot after homogenization treatment;
(4) carrying out extrusion deformation on the cast ingot after the homogenization treatment to obtain an extrusion rod with the diameter of 10 mm;
(5) heating the extrusion rod to 520-530 ℃ at a heating rate of 10.0 ℃/min for solution heat treatment, wherein the heat preservation time is 2 h; then cooling to room temperature at a cooling rate of 10 ℃/min to obtain an extrusion rod subjected to solution treatment;
(6) and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the extrusion rod subjected to the solution treatment after drawing forming at the temperature of 200 ℃ for 7h to obtain the high-strength high-conductivity heat-resistant aluminum conductor.
Example 7
(1) The mass ratio of Mg to Si elements in the recovered waste aluminum alloy is 2.0 (the mass percentage of Mg is 0.8%, the mass percentage of Si is 0.4%), the rest metal elements are aluminum and inevitable impurity metals (titanium, vanadium, manganese and chromium, the mass percentage is less than or equal to 0.005%), the waste aluminum alloy is mechanically crushed, then cleaned and dried, and then the dried waste aluminum alloy is smelted at the temperature of 700-720 ℃;
(2) adding B element (Al-B intermediate alloy) and rare earth element Ce (Al-Ce intermediate alloy) into the smelted alloy liquid, mixing, and cooling to room temperature to obtain an ingot; the adding amount of B and the rare earth element Ce is respectively 0.02 percent and 0.09 percent of the mass of the waste aluminum alloy;
(3) heating the ingot obtained in the step (2) to 500-510 ℃ at a heating rate of 9.0 ℃/min for homogenization treatment, wherein the heat preservation time is 12 h; then cooling to room temperature at a cooling rate of 8 ℃/min to obtain an ingot after homogenization treatment;
(4) carrying out extrusion deformation on the cast ingot after the homogenization treatment to obtain an extrusion rod with the diameter of 10 mm;
(5) heating the extrusion rod to 520-530 ℃ at a heating rate of 10.0 ℃/min for solution heat treatment, wherein the heat preservation time is 2 h; then cooling to room temperature at a cooling rate of 10 ℃/min to obtain an extrusion rod subjected to solution treatment;
(6) and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the extrusion rod subjected to the solution treatment after drawing forming at the temperature of 200 ℃ for 7h to obtain the high-strength high-conductivity heat-resistant aluminum conductor.
The aluminum wire prepared in example 7 was tested for strength, conductivity and heat resistance, and the results are shown in table 1.
Example 8
(1) The mass ratio of Mg to Si elements in the recovered waste aluminum alloy is 2.0 (the mass percentage of Mg is 0.8%, the mass percentage of Si is 0.4%), the rest metal elements are aluminum and inevitable impurity metals (titanium, vanadium, manganese and chromium, the mass percentage is less than or equal to 0.005%), the waste aluminum alloy is mechanically crushed into particle sizes, then is cleaned and dried, and then is smelted at the temperature of 700-720 ℃;
(2) adding B element (Al-B intermediate alloy) and rare earth element Y (Al-Y intermediate alloy) into the smelted alloy liquid, mixing, and cooling to room temperature to obtain an ingot; the adding amount of B and the rare earth element Y is respectively 0.02 percent and 0.08 percent of the mass of the waste aluminum alloy;
(3) heating the ingot obtained in the step (2) to 500-510 ℃ at a heating rate of 9.0 ℃/min for homogenization treatment, wherein the heat preservation time is 12 h; then cooling to room temperature at a cooling rate of 8 ℃/min to obtain an ingot after homogenization treatment;
(4) carrying out extrusion deformation on the cast ingot after the homogenization treatment to obtain an extrusion rod with the diameter of 10 mm;
(5) heating the extrusion rod to 520-530 ℃ at a heating rate of 10.0 ℃/min for solution heat treatment, wherein the heat preservation time is 2 h; then cooling to room temperature at a cooling rate of 10 ℃/min to obtain an extrusion rod subjected to solution treatment;
(6) and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the extrusion rod subjected to the solution treatment after drawing forming at the temperature of 200 ℃ for 7h to obtain the high-strength high-conductivity heat-resistant aluminum conductor.
The aluminum wire prepared in example 8 was tested for strength, conductivity and heat resistance, and the results are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 1
In the step (5), the temperature of the extrusion rod is raised to 520-530 ℃ at the temperature raising rate of 12.0 ℃/min for solution heat treatment, and the rest is the same as in the example 8, so that the aluminum wire is obtained.
The aluminum wire prepared in comparative example 1 was tested for strength, conductivity and heat resistance, and the results are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 2
The aging temperature was adjusted to 220 ℃ and the rest was the same as in example 8 to obtain an aluminum wire.
The aluminum wire prepared in comparative example 2 was tested for strength, conductivity and heat resistance, and the results are shown in table 1.
The aluminum wires prepared in examples 1 to 8 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were tested for strength, conductivity and heat resistance, and the results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 test results of strength, conductivity and heat resistance of the aluminum wires obtained in examples 1 to 8 and comparative examples 1 to 2
The embodiment shows that the method provided by the invention not only realizes resource recovery of waste aluminum alloy, but also has the advantages of excellent performance, high strength, high conductivity and heat resistance of the prepared aluminum conductor, and reduces the production cost of the aluminum conductor.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing a high-strength high-conductivity heat-resistant aluminum conductor from waste aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) smelting waste aluminum alloy, adding boron and rare earth elements into the obtained alloy liquid, mixing, and cooling to room temperature to obtain an ingot; the mass ratio of Mg to Si in the waste aluminum alloy is 1.6-2.7, and the rest metal elements are aluminum and inevitable impurity metals; the adding amount of the boron element is 0.02-0.08% of the mass of the waste aluminum alloy; the rare earth elements are Ce and/or Y, and the total addition of the rare earth elements is 0.01-0.25% of the mass of the waste aluminum alloy;
(2) and (3) carrying out homogenization treatment, extrusion deformation, solution heat treatment, drawing forming and aging treatment on the cast ingot in sequence to obtain the high-strength high-conductivity heat-resistant aluminum conductor.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the waste aluminum alloy contains 0.3 to 1.3 mass% of Mg and 0.2 to 1.2 mass% of Si.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the inevitable impurity metals include one or more of titanium, vanadium, manganese and chromium; the mass percentage of the inevitable impurity metal in the waste aluminum alloy is less than or equal to 0.005 percent.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the adding amount of the boron element is 0.05-0.08% of the mass of the waste aluminum alloy; the total adding amount of the rare earth elements is 0.05-0.21% of the mass of the waste aluminum alloy.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the amount of Ce added to the rare earth elements is 0.01-0.15% of the mass of the waste aluminum alloy, and the amount of Y added to the rare earth elements is 0.01-0.15% of the mass of the waste aluminum alloy.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature of the smelting is 680-760 ℃.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the homogenization treatment temperature is 480-520 ℃, and the holding time is 10-12 h; the heating rate of heating to the homogenization treatment temperature is 9-10 ℃/min; and the cooling rate after the homogenization treatment is 8-9 ℃/min.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the solution heat treatment is 520-540 ℃, and the holding time is 1-2 h; the heating rate of heating to the temperature of the solution heat treatment is 9-10 ℃/min; the cooling rate after the solution heat treatment is 9-10 ℃/min.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the aging treatment is 200-210 ℃, and the holding time is 5-8 h.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the high strength, high conductivity, heat resistant aluminum wire has a tensile strength >200MPa, a yield strength >120MPa, a conductivity > 55% IACS, and a heat resistance temperature >210 ℃.
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