CN113253114B - Dynamic correction and estimation method for SOC of power battery - Google Patents
Dynamic correction and estimation method for SOC of power battery Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
- B60L58/13—Maintaining the SoC within a determined range
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R35/00—Testing or calibrating of apparatus covered by the other groups of this subclass
- G01R35/005—Calibrating; Standards or reference devices, e.g. voltage or resistance standards, "golden" references
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy electric vehicle power batteries, and discloses a dynamic correction and estimation method for a power battery SOC, which aims at the defects of the ampere-hour integration method commonly adopted by the existing electric vehicle SOC estimation algorithm and the monomer voltage correction method, and not only overcomes the accumulated error brought by the traditional ampere-hour integration method by introducing an SOC increment and a correction coefficient k in the calculation process of the ampere-hour integration method and the correction process of the monomer voltage correction method, but also avoids the jump phenomena of 'abrupt drop', 'abrupt rise' and the like of the SOC during correction, so that the correction process of the SOC can dynamically follow the running working condition of a vehicle in real time, the estimation and display of the SOC are more stable and natural in the whole correction process, the travel experience of drivers and passengers is effectively improved, and the dynamic correction and estimation method has a higher practical value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy electric vehicle power batteries, in particular to a dynamic correction and estimation method for SOC of a power battery.
Background
The lithium ion battery has the advantages of small volume, light weight, large specific energy, long cycle life, no memory effect, no pollution and the like, and is widely used in the field of new energy automobiles, the state of charge (SOC) of the battery is taken as an important index in the running process of the electric automobile, and the accuracy of measurement greatly influences the performance of the automobile.
The SOC of the power battery describes the actual available state of the residual electric quantity of the battery, the SOC can be accurately and reasonably estimated, the service life of the battery can be prolonged, the phenomena of overcharge and overdischarge of the battery can be prevented, the performance of the battery can be improved, and the cost of the battery can be reduced. Therefore, improving the accuracy of SOC estimation has become an important direction for current SOC research, and is crucial to the development of new energy automobile industry and Battery Management System (BMS).
At the present stage, an ampere-hour integration method is generally adopted for estimating the SOC of the power battery BMS of the electric automobile in combination with a monomer voltage correction method, and the specific process is as follows: in the charging and running processes of the electric automobile, the power battery is charged or discharged, the BMS carries out time accumulation summation on the charging current or the discharging current in real time, and because the directions of the charging current and the discharging current are different, the SOC value is increased during charging and reduced during discharging; the mathematical principle of the ampere-hour integration method is that the current is assumed to be constant in an integration time period, and actually, the charging current, particularly the discharging current, is in dynamic change, and after a plurality of charging and discharging cycles, an integral accumulation error occurs. In order to overcome the deviation, the BMS corrects the SOC estimated value by using the SOC value corresponding to the voltage of the single battery cell in the charging and discharging clearance, a battery factory can generally provide a corresponding relation table of the open-circuit voltage (OCV) of the battery cell and the SOC theoretical value at different temperatures (such as temperature points of-25 ℃, 0 ℃, 25 ℃ and 45 ℃), the SOC is forcibly set to be 1 when the battery is fully charged, and the SOC is forcibly set to be 0 when the battery is discharged, so that when the integral calculation of the SOC ampere hour has larger accumulated deviation, the SOC can be controlled within a certain precision range by using a single voltage correction method.
However, the ampere-hour integration method adopted at the present stage and the monomer voltage correction method to estimate the SOC of the power battery generally have a problem: the SOC value is easy to generate jump phenomena such as 'abrupt drop' and 'abrupt rise', the SOC even generates rapid rise and fall phenomena at the last stage of charging and driving, the evaluation of a user on the SOC estimation precision is seriously influenced, and the traveling experience of drivers and passengers is reduced. The technical difficulty of SOC estimation lies in how to carry out dynamic SOC correction and estimation in real time along with the running condition of an automobile, so that drivers and passengers hardly feel the correction process and abnormal change of the SOC.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a dynamic correction and estimation method for SOC of a power battery, which aims to overcome the accumulated error caused by the fact that the SOC is estimated by adopting a traditional ampere-hour integration method in the charging and driving processes of an electric automobile, avoid the jump phenomena of 'steep drop', 'steep rise' and the like of the SOC during correction, realize dynamic SOC correction and estimation along with the driving working condition of the automobile in real time and effectively improve the traveling experience of drivers and passengers.
In order to achieve the purpose, the dynamic correction and estimation method for the SOC of the power battery comprises the following steps:
setting the SOC correction time interval to be 5 hours, the sampling zero drift of a current sensor to be 1A, the SOC expected estimation precision to be 5 percent, and taking the charging direction as positive and the discharging direction as negative according to the electrochemical characteristics of the power battery and the electronic circuit principle;
after the BMS is electrified, the current zero drift is calibrated, and the time t of the last power-off time stored in the ferroelectric memory is read 0 SOC stored value SOC Storing And the current clock chip real-time timing time t 1 ；
The BMS finds out the highest and the lowest monomer voltage according to the acquired monomer cell voltage data, and looks up the table to obtain the SOC corresponding to the highest and the lowest monomer voltage respectively H And SOC L ；
The BMS calculates a correction time interval delta t from the last power down to the power up at this time as t 1 -t 0 Judging whether the correction time interval delta t is more than or equal to 5 h;
if the correction time interval delta t does not meet the requirement, the SOC is not calibrated, and the BMS carries out normal SOC calculation; if the correction time interval delta t meets the requirement, the BMS prepares to enter an SOC correction process, and simultaneously opens and closes a relevant high-voltage relay according to an operation instruction of a superior controller to enter a driving or charging mode;
the BMS judges whether the absolute value of the bus current is greater than the zero drift of the current sensor, namely whether the bus current I is greater than or equal to 1A, if not, the SOC is not calibrated, and the BMS carries out normal SOC calculation; if yes, the BMS judges the current direction and the battery charging and discharging state;
if the bus current I is larger than or equal to 1A, the electric automobile is in a charging state, and the BMS judges the | SOC Storing -SOC H If yes, the SOC is not calibrated, and the BMS carries out normal SOC calculation; if yes, the SOC enters a charging calibration process and is based on the SOC H Correcting;
if the bus current I is less than or equal to-1A, the electric automobile is in a driving state, and the BMS judges the | SOC Storing -SOC L If yes, the SOC is not calibrated, and the BMS carries out normal SOC calculation; if yes, the SOC enters a discharge calibration process and according to the SOC L And (6) correcting.
Further, when the electric vehicle is in a charging state, the SOC correction is divided into two cases: one, if SOC Storing ＜SOC H Introducing a positive SOC based on the calculated SOC value Increment of The SOC real-time value is increased in speed, the increasing speed of the SOC real-time value depends on a correction coefficient k, and a calculation formula is expressed as follows:
second, if SOC Storing ＞SOC H Introducing a negative SOC based on the calculated SOC value Increment of And slowing down the increase rate of the SOC real-time value, wherein the increase rate depends on the correction coefficient k, and the calculation formula is expressed as:
further, when the electric vehicle is in a driving state, the SOC correction is divided into two cases: one, if SOC Storing ＜SOC L Introducing a positive SOC based on the calculated SOC value Increment of And slowing down the reduction rate of the SOC real-time value, wherein the reduction rate depends on a correction coefficient k, and a calculation formula is expressed as follows:
second, if SOC Storing ＞SOC L Introducing a negative on the basis of the calculated value of SOCSOC Increment of The SOC real-time value is reduced at a higher speed, the reduction speed depends on a correction coefficient k, and a calculation formula is expressed as follows:
further, in the state of charge, when SOC is Increment of ≥∣SOC H －SOC Storing | if so; in the discharge state, when the SOC is Increment of ≥∣SOC L －SOC Storing When the SOC is corrected, the SOC correction process is finished, then SOC calculation is carried out according to a normal ampere-hour integration method, and the calculation formula is expressed as follows:
further, the SOC correction time interval Δ t, the current sensor sampling null shift, and the expected SOC estimation accuracy may be set according to actual electrical characteristics and specific application environments.
By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the method has the following beneficial effects: the technical scheme of the invention introduces the SOC in the process of calculating by adopting an ampere-hour integration method and in the process of correcting by a monomer voltage correction method Increment of And the method for correcting the coefficient k not only overcomes the accumulated error brought by the traditional ampere-hour integral method, but also avoids the jump phenomena of 'steep drop' and 'steep rise' and the like of the SOC during correction, so that the correction process of the SOC is real-time and can dynamically follow the running working condition of the automobile, the estimation and display of the SOC are more stable and natural in the whole correction process, the traveling experience of drivers and passengers is effectively improved, and the method has higher practical value.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a dynamic SOC correction estimation method for a power battery according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a SOC charging calibration flowchart of a dynamic SOC correction estimation method for a power battery according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a table for taking values of the charge correction coefficients k;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of SOC discharge calibration of a dynamic SOC correction estimation method for a power battery according to the present invention;
fig. 5 shows a table for values of the discharge correction coefficient k.
The implementation, functional features and advantages of the objects of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that all the directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiment of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the movement situation, etc. in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.
In addition, technical solutions between various embodiments may be combined with each other, but must be realized by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a dynamic correction and estimation method for the SOC of a power battery.
As shown in fig. 1 to fig. 5, in an embodiment of the present invention, the method for dynamically correcting and estimating the SOC of the power battery includes the following steps:
setting the SOC correction time interval to be 5 hours, the sampling zero drift of a current sensor to be 1A, the SOC expected estimation precision to be 5 percent, and taking the charging direction as positive and the discharging direction as negative according to the electrochemical characteristics of the power battery and the electronic circuit principle;
after the BMS is electrified, the current zero drift is calibrated, and the time t of the last power-off time stored in the ferroelectric memory is read 0 SOC stored value SOC Storing And the current clock chip real-time timing time t 1 ；
The BMS finds out the highest and the lowest monomer voltage according to the acquired monomer cell voltage data, and looks up the table to obtain the SOC corresponding to the highest and the lowest monomer voltage respectively H And SOC L ；
The BMS calculates a correction time interval delta t from the last power down to the power up at this time as t 1 -t 0 Judging whether the correction time interval delta t is more than or equal to 5 h;
if the correction time interval delta t does not meet the requirement, the SOC is not calibrated, and the BMS carries out normal SOC calculation; if the correction time interval delta t meets the requirement, the BMS prepares to enter an SOC correction flow, and simultaneously opens and closes related high-voltage relays according to the operation instruction of the upper-level controller to enter a driving or charging mode;
the BMS judges whether the absolute value of the bus current is greater than the zero drift of the current sensor, namely whether the bus current I is greater than or equal to 1A, if not, the SOC is not calibrated, and the BMS carries out normal SOC calculation; if yes, the BMS judges the current direction and the battery charging and discharging state;
if the bus current I is larger than or equal to 1A, the electric automobile is in a charging state, and the BMS judges the | SOC Storing -SOC H If yes, the SOC is not calibrated, and the BMS carries out normal SOC calculation; if yes, the SOC enters a charging calibration process and is based on the SOC H Correcting;
if the bus current I is less than or equal to-1A, the electric automobile is in a driving state, and the BMS judges the | SOC Storing -SOC L If yes, if not, SOC is not calibrated, and BMS carries out normal SOC calculation(ii) a If yes, the SOC enters a discharge calibration process and according to the SOC L And (6) correcting.
During the calculation and correction of SOC, introducing SOC Increment of And concept of correction coefficient k, SOC Increment of Can change the real-time calculation value of ampere-hour integration method, and the correction coefficient k reflects the original deviation of SOC, namely | SOC Storing －SOC H Or SOC L The larger the original deviation is, the larger the k value is, and the larger the SOC correction amplitude is.
Specifically, when the electric vehicle is in a charging state, the SOC correction is divided into two cases: one, if SOC Storing ＜SOC H Introducing a positive SOC based on the calculated SOC value Increment of The SOC real-time value is increased in speed, the increasing speed of the SOC real-time value depends on a correction coefficient k, and a calculation formula is expressed as follows:
second, if SOC Storing ＞SOC H Introducing a negative SOC based on the SOC calculation Increment of And slowing down the increment rate of the SOC real-time value, wherein the increment rate depends on the correction coefficient k, and the calculation formula is expressed as follows:
therefore, the abnormal condition that the SOC is not increased or decreased in the correction process during charging is avoided, the SOC estimated value is kept increasing in the charging process, and the SOC charging calibration flow is shown in fig. 2.
Specifically, when the electric vehicle is in a driving state, the SOC correction is divided into two cases: one, if SOC Storing ＜SOC L Introducing a positive SOC based on the calculated SOC value Increment of And slowing down the reduction rate of the SOC real-time value, wherein the reduction rate depends on a correction coefficient k, and a calculation formula is expressed as follows:
second, if SOC Storing ＞SOC L Introducing a negative SOC based on the SOC calculation Increment of To makeThe SOC real-time value is reduced at a higher speed, the reduction speed of the SOC real-time value depends on a correction coefficient k, and a calculation formula is expressed as follows:
therefore, the abnormal condition that the SOC does not decrease and increase in a correcting process during discharging is avoided, the SOC estimated value keeps a tendency of decreasing on the whole in the discharging process, and the SOC discharging calibration flow is shown in the figure 4.
Specifically, in the state of charge, when SOC Increment of ≥∣SOC H －SOC Storing When the light source is linear; in the discharge state, when the SOC is Increment of ≥∣SOC L －SOC Storing When the SOC is corrected, the SOC correction process is finished, then SOC calculation is carried out according to a normal ampere-hour integration method, and the calculation formula is expressed as follows:
specifically, the SOC correction time interval Δ t, the current sensor sampling null shift, and the SOC expected estimation accuracy may be set according to actual electrical characteristics and a specific application environment, the current sensor null shift value is set to avoid erroneous determination of charging or discharging of the BMS due to the sensor null shift, and the SOC expected estimation accuracy value is set because it is not practical to correct the SOC within the SOC error range.
Specifically, the technical scheme of the invention introduces the SOC in the process of calculating by adopting an ampere-hour integration method and the process of correcting by a monomer voltage correction method Increment of And the method for correcting the coefficient k not only overcomes the accumulated error brought by the traditional ampere-hour integral method, but also avoids the jump phenomena of 'steep drop' and 'steep rise' and the like of the SOC during correction, so that the correction process of the SOC is real-time and can dynamically follow the running working condition of the automobile, the estimation and display of the SOC are more stable and natural in the whole correction process, the traveling experience of drivers and passengers is effectively improved, and the method has higher practical value.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications and equivalents of the present invention, which are made by the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly/indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A dynamic correction and estimation method for the SOC of a power battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
setting the SOC correction time interval to be 5 hours, the sampling zero drift of a current sensor to be 1A, the SOC expected estimation precision to be 5 percent, and taking the charging direction as positive and the discharging direction as negative according to the electrochemical characteristics of the power battery and the electronic circuit principle;
after the BMS is electrified, the current zero drift is calibrated, and the time t of the last power-off time stored in the ferroelectric memory is read 0 SOC stored value SOC Storing And the current clock chip real-time timing time t 1 ；
The BMS finds out the highest and the lowest monomer voltage according to the acquired monomer cell voltage data, and looks up the table to obtain the SOC corresponding to the highest and the lowest monomer voltage respectively H And SOC L ；
The BMS calculates a correction time interval delta t from the last power down to the power up at this time as t 1 -t 0 Judging whether the correction time interval delta t is more than or equal to 5 h;
if the correction time interval delta t does not meet the requirement, the SOC is not calibrated, and the BMS performs normal SOC calculation; if the correction time interval delta t meets the requirement, the BMS prepares to enter an SOC correction process, and simultaneously opens and closes a relevant high-voltage relay according to an operation instruction of a superior controller to enter a driving or charging mode;
the BMS judges whether the absolute value of the bus current is greater than the zero drift of the current sensor, namely whether the bus current I is greater than or equal to 1A, if not, the SOC is not calibrated, and the BMS carries out normal SOC calculation; if yes, the BMS judges the current direction and the battery charging and discharging state;
if the bus current I is larger than or equal to 1A, the electric automobile is in a charging state, and the BMS judges the SOC at the moment Storing -SOC H If yes, the SOC is not calibrated, and the BMS carries out normal SOC calculation; if yes, SOC enters chargingCalibrating the process according to SOC H And correcting, wherein when the electric automobile is in a charging state, the SOC correction is divided into two conditions: one, if SOC Storing ＜SOC H Introducing a positive SOC based on the calculated SOC value Increment of The SOC real-time value is increased in speed, the increasing speed of the SOC real-time value depends on a correction coefficient k, and a calculation formula is expressed as follows:
second, if SOC Storing ＞SOC H Introducing a negative SOC based on the SOC calculation Increment of And slowing down the increment rate of the SOC real-time value, wherein the increment rate depends on the correction coefficient k, and the calculation formula is expressed as follows:
in the state of charge, when SOC Increment of ≥∣SOC H －SOC Storing When the light source is linear; in the discharge state, when the SOC is Increment of ≥∣SOC L －SOC Storing | finishing the SOC correction process, and then carrying out SOC calculation according to a normal ampere-hour integration method, wherein a calculation formula is expressed as follows:
if the bus current I is less than or equal to-1A, the electric automobile is in a driving state, and the BMS judges the SOC at the moment Storing -SOC L If yes, the SOC is not calibrated, and the BMS carries out normal SOC calculation; if yes, the SOC enters a discharge calibration process and according to the SOC L And correcting, wherein when the electric automobile is in a driving state, the SOC correction is divided into two conditions: one, if SOC Storing ＜SOC L Calculating a value at SOCIntroducing a positive SOC on the basis Increment of And slowing down the reduction rate of the SOC real-time value, wherein the reduction rate depends on a correction coefficient k, and a calculation formula is expressed as follows:
second, if SOC Storing ＞SOC L Introducing a negative SOC based on the SOC calculation Increment of The reduction rate of the SOC real-time value is accelerated, the reduction rate depends on a correction coefficient k, and a calculation formula is expressed as follows:
2. the dynamic correction estimation method for the SOC of the power battery according to claim 1, wherein the SOC correction time interval Δ t, the current sensor sampling null shift, and the expected estimation accuracy of the SOC may be set according to actual cell characteristics and specific application environments.
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