CN113252876A - Rock-soil mass slope surface water movement simulation device with root stone structure and experiment method - Google Patents
Rock-soil mass slope surface water movement simulation device with root stone structure and experiment method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 title description 6
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- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 26
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a rock-soil mass slope surface moisture movement simulation device containing a root stone structure and an experimental method, wherein the device mainly comprises a box body, the top surface of the box body is a slope, two end surfaces of the box body, a bottom plate and one side surface are cement outer walls, the two end surfaces are respectively positioned at the upper end and the lower end of the slope, and the other side surface is a glass observation wall; the box body is sequentially segmented from the highest end to the lowest end, and the depth of each segment of area is gradually increased; a water outlet is reserved at the bottom of the lowest part in each section of area, and an effluent collector is arranged at the water outlet; each section of area is provided with a backfill soil layer; a soil moisture probe and a soil solution collector are arranged in the backfill soil layer; surface vegetation is planted on the surface of the backfill soil layer, and a high-definition camera is arranged outside the glass observation wall. The invention provides an economically feasible, scientifically and reasonably designed field large-scale hydrographic physical model, a test method and steps for the research of the water movement of the soil body containing the root stones, particularly the priority flow, and the test data can provide reference for the research of the mountain hydrographic process and the mountain ecological hydrographic model.
Description
The application is a divisional application of a patent application named 'rock-soil mass slope surface water movement simulation device with a root stone structure and an experimental method', and the application date of the original application is 2020, 08 and 14 days.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil slope hydrology, in particular to a rock-soil mass slope water movement simulation device with a root stone structure and an experimental method.
Background
In the covered slope planted for years, plant root holes are the main biological factors forming the soil preferential flow channel, and the strong spatial heterogeneity of the distribution and the form of the gravel increases the complexity of the soil water movement process. The research on the influence of the paradigm of the traditional soil hydrology research on the structure of the root rock is not enough, but the movement process of the water of the rock-soil body containing the root rock is complex and is a main process influencing the solute migration and the ecological environment in mountainous areas. Therefore, the study of the water movement, especially the preferential flow, of the soil body containing the root stones becomes the key point and the difficulty of the hydrology study of the forest soil. Meanwhile, in mountainous areas with abundant rainfall, especially southwest mountainous areas of China, high vegetation coverage areas are also high incidence areas of mountain disasters (such as debris flow, landslides and the like). The influence of the plant root system on the water infiltration, the preferential flow generation and the formation of a saturation zone of the loose rock-soil body is very important for the occurrence and development of the natural disasters. Therefore, in order to break through the bottleneck of the research on the hydrological process of the mountainous region with high vegetation coverage, a new method system for finely depicting the water migration process of the rock and soil mass in the mountainous region needs to be developed on the basis of fully knowing the water movement characteristics of the soil mass containing the root rocks, particularly the preferential flow forming mechanism, and a physical model, a research idea and a research method are also provided for the research on the hydrological process of the mountainous region soil.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rock-soil mass slope surface moisture movement simulation device with a root-rock structure and an experimental method, which provide an economically feasible, scientifically and reasonably designed field large-scale hydrographic physical model, an experimental method and steps for the moisture movement of a rock-soil mass with the root-rock, particularly the priority flow research, and experimental data can provide reference for the research of a mountain land hydrographic process and a mountain land ecological hydrographic model.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
contain domatic moisture motion analogue means of ground rock mass of root stone structure includes:
a box body;
the top surface of the box body is a slope;
the bottom plate, two end faces and one side face of the box body are cement outer walls, the other side face of the box body is a glass observation wall, and the two end faces are respectively positioned at the upper end and the lower end of the slope;
the box body is sequentially segmented from the highest end to the lowest end, and the depth of each segment of area is gradually increased;
each section of area is provided with a backfill soil layer;
a soil moisture probe and a soil solution collector are arranged in the backfill soil layer; surface vegetation is planted on the surface of the backfill soil layer;
the water outlet is positioned at the lowest part of the bottom of each section of area in the box body;
an effluent collector is arranged at the water outlet;
and a plurality of high-definition cameras are arranged outside the glass observation wall.
An experimental method using a rock-soil mass slope surface water movement simulation device with a structure containing root stones comprises the following steps:
simulating a rainfall event of slope moisture movement;
simulating large-pore preferential flow in the slope body by combining a tracing experiment;
the influence of the structure of the root stone on the movement of soil moisture is simulated.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
(1) the hydrological physical model is constructed according to a natural profile, and the surface soil is backfilled by adopting an undisturbed soil layer, so that the real condition of the slope is restored to the maximum extent, and the data is more real and reasonable;
(2) the device fully considers the characteristics of multi-section and multi-technology paths of hydrological research such as tracing experiments, artificial rainfall simulation, soil body moisture real-time monitoring and effluent liquid collection;
(3) the device and the test method can provide a new method and thought for research on water movement of the soil body containing the root stones and formation of the preferential flow;
(4) the experimental result can provide key parameters for mountain hydrological process model simulation and also can provide reference and simulation basis for starting of mountain natural disasters (such as landslides and debris flows).
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a rock-soil mass slope surface water movement simulation device with a root-rock structure according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of an experimental method using a rock-soil mass slope surface water movement simulation device with a structure containing a root rock according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Description of the symbols:
1-box, 2-backfill soil layer, 3-soil moisture probe, 4-soil solution collector, 5-effluent collector and 6-earth surface vegetation.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a rock-soil mass slope surface moisture movement simulation device with a root-rock structure and an experimental method, which provide an economically feasible, scientifically and reasonably designed field large-scale hydrographic physical model, an experimental method and steps for the moisture movement of a rock-soil mass with the root-rock, particularly the priority flow research, and experimental data can provide reference for the research of a mountain land hydrographic process and a mountain land ecological hydrographic model.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a rock-soil mass slope moisture movement simulation device with a structure of root stone, comprising:
a box body 1;
the top surface of the box body 1 is a slope, and the slope degree of the slope surface of the slope is 30 degrees;
the bottom plate, two end faces and one side face of the box body are cement outer walls, the other side face of the box body is a glass observation wall, and the two end faces are respectively positioned at the upper end and the lower end of the slope; preferably, the bottom, the upper end retaining wall, the lower end retaining wall and one side of the box body 1 are all of a reinforced concrete structure, the other side of the box body 1 is provided with a toughened glass retaining wall, the toughened glass has high strength, the bearing of the retaining wall can be guaranteed, and in addition, the visualization of the toughened glass is used as an observation window for the vertical motion of the moisture of the rock-soil body profile
The box body 1 is sequentially segmented from the highest end to the lowest end, and the depth of each segment of area is gradually increased;
each section of area is provided with a backfill soil layer 2;
a soil moisture probe 3 and a soil solution collector 4 are arranged in the backfill soil layer 2; surface vegetation 6 is planted on the surface of the backfill soil layer 2; the soil solution collector 4 is a clay pipe;
the water outlet is positioned at the lowest part of the bottom of each section of area in the box body;
an effluent collector 5 is arranged at the water outlet so as to facilitate effluent collection;
a plurality of high-definition cameras are arranged outside the glass observation wall, preferably, the high-definition cameras are spaced by 1 meter, the movement process of the infiltration frontal surface can be recorded in real time through one camera in the experiment process, and the data of the plurality of cameras can record the water infiltration condition of the whole slope.
As an optional implementation mode, the whole box body 1 is 9 meters long and 1 meter wide, the upper part of the box body is 0.5 meter deep, the lower end of the box body is 2 meters deep, and the slope inclination is 30 degrees. In addition, the length of the device can be set to be 3 meters or 6 meters according to the requirement, and the corresponding number of segments is reduced; a water outlet is reserved at the bottom of the box body 1 and is 3 meters and 6 meters away from the upper end and at the lowest end of the device respectively, and the size of the water outlet is 8 cm.
As an alternative embodiment, the backfill soil layer 2 in each section of area is divided into surface backfill soil, subsurface backfill soil and deep backfill soil according to the upper, middle and lower different depths; the soil moisture probe 3 and the soil solution collector 4 are arranged at two ends of the surface backfill soil, the subsurface backfill soil and the deep backfill soil.
The construction of the external main body of the device is completed, and the rock-soil body can be backfilled by airing the device to be completely dried. In order to ensure that the experimental result is close to the actual field process to the maximum extent, the surface backfill is backfilled by adopting undisturbed soil, and the subsurface soil and the deep soil are backfilled by adopting an artificial backfilling mode. The collection of top layer undisturbed soil can adopt the form of "digging the crust" to carry out, and for convenient collection and transport, undisturbed soil length is 1 meter, and the width is 1.1 meter. The width is set to be 1.1 m, so that cutting can be carried out according to the width of the device when the device is backfilled, and gaps between soil and a wall body of the device are avoided. Collecting subsurface and deep rock-soil bodies in a layer-by-layer mining mode, air-drying collected samples, sieving the samples by a 2mm sieve, and carefully picking out gravel (larger than 2mm) in each soil layer for later use; when deep and subsurface soil bodies are backfilled, gravel is backfilled firstly and according to the actual content of gravel in each soil layer in the field; and then backfilling the soil body, slightly compacting each layer after backfilling to ensure that the volume weight of the soil is consistent with the field condition, and roughening the surface by using a brush after compacting to avoid an artificial interface between an upper soil layer and a lower soil layer. If necessary, water can be sprayed on the surface of each layer after the backfilling is finished, so that the soil body is compacted; finally, backfilling the undisturbed soil on the surface layer. After the surface undisturbed soil is backfilled, the surface is ensured to be slightly lower than the edge height of the device (about 3-5 cm), so that surface runoff is prevented from leaking out of the system. The surface vegetation is the original vegetation in the ground and rock mass mining and digging sample plot, but it needs to be noted that the planted trees are not too large, and the distribution diameter range of the root system is less than half of the width of the device, namely 0.5 meter.
The simulation experiment device can be used for monitoring the dynamic process of soil moisture and observing the vertical and transverse movement of the preferential flow of the soil, a hydrological physical model is constructed according to a natural profile, the surface soil is backfilled by adopting an undisturbed soil layer, the real condition of the slope is restored to the maximum extent, and the data is more real and reasonable; the device fully considers the characteristics of multi-section and multi-technology paths of hydrological researches such as tracing experiments, artificial rainfall simulation, soil body moisture real-time monitoring, effluent liquid collection and the like.
Example 2:
referring to fig. 2, the present invention further provides an experimental method using the rock-soil mass slope surface moisture movement simulation apparatus provided in example 1, including:
s1: the rainfall event of slope surface moisture motion is simulated, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
simulating artificial rainfall events according to different rainfall amounts;
automatically monitoring the water content of the backfill soil layer by using a soil water probe;
collecting effluent liquid of the backfill soil layer;
respectively drawing a dynamic change diagram of the water content of the rock-soil body on the downhill surface of the artificial rainfall event and a dynamic diagram of the effluent liquid corresponding to different rainfall amounts according to the monitored water content and the collected effluent liquid, wherein the rainfall amounts are preferably 5mm/h, 20mm/h and 50 mm/h;
s2: combining the tracer experiment, the interior macropore priority flow of simulation slope specifically includes:
setting a tracer feeding area with the width of 10cm and the length equal to the width of the soil groove at the position of 20cm of the top of the slope, and using a steel plate with the width of 10cm as boundary isolation, wherein the steel plate is inserted into the ground surface by 5 cm;
in the tracer feeding area, 5 pore volumes are firstly injected (the pore volume of the whole slope body can be calculated according to the volume of the slope body and the weight of the backfilled rock-soil bodyObtained by conversion after the weight is reduced), and pure water (ensuring that the effluent of the earth column reaches a stable flow field at the moment); then 2 pore volumes are injected, containing 100mgBr-KBr solution/L (KBr solution as non-reactive tracer); finally injecting pure water with 5 pore volumes to ensure that Br added in the previous step-All are discharged;
collecting effluent liquid every 15 minutes by using an effluent liquid collector to obtain a sample to be detected;
determining Br in each of said test samples-Concentration;
according to Br-Concentration plotting Br-A penetration curve;
s3: the influence of simulation root stone structure to soil moisture motion specifically includes:
respectively selecting a rock-soil body area containing a root stone structure and a rock-soil body area not containing root stones;
respectively arranging high-definition cameras at the center positions of the rock-soil body area containing the root stone structure and the rock-soil body area not containing the root stone;
simulating artificial rainfall events at a certain rainfall (such as 20 mm/h);
recording images within a range using the high definition camera;
acquiring time series images;
and analyzing the time sequence images to obtain the migration dynamics of the infiltration frontal surface of the rock-soil body containing the root rocks.
S4: simulating rainfall response of slope moisture movement under different soil initial moisture content conditions;
s5: under the conditions of known rainfall and evapotranspiration, the dynamic change of each water component is calculated by utilizing water balance, and the master control factor research of the water season dynamic is carried out.
The test method can provide a new method and thought for research on water movement of the soil body containing the root stones and formation of the preferential flow; the experimental result can provide key parameters for mountain hydrological process model simulation and also can provide reference and simulation basis for starting of mountain natural disasters (such as landslides and debris flows).
The emphasis of each embodiment in the present specification is on the difference from the other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the various embodiments may be referred to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (10)
1. Contain domatic moisture motion analogue means of ground rock mass of root stone structure, its characterized in that includes:
a box body;
the top surface of the box body is a slope;
the bottom plate, two end faces and one side face of the box body are cement outer walls, the other side face of the box body is a glass observation wall, and the two end faces are respectively positioned at the upper end and the lower end of the slope;
the box body is sequentially segmented from the highest end to the lowest end, and the depth of each segment of area is gradually increased;
each section of area is provided with a backfill soil layer;
a soil moisture probe and a soil solution collector are arranged in the backfill soil layer; surface vegetation is planted on the surface of the backfill soil layer;
the water outlet is positioned at the lowest part of the bottom of each section of area in the box body;
an effluent collector is arranged at the water outlet;
and a plurality of high-definition cameras are arranged outside the glass observation wall.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the slope of the slope has an inclination of 30 degrees.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the backfill soil layer in each section of area is divided into surface backfill soil, subsurface backfill soil and deep backfill soil according to three different depths, namely, upper, middle and lower.
4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the backfill soil on the surface layer is backfilled with undisturbed soil; and backfilling the subsurface backfill and the deep backfill in an artificial backfilling mode.
5. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the soil moisture probe and the soil solution collector are installed at both ends of the surface backfill, the subsurface backfill and the deep backfill.
6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the water outlet is 8cm in diameter.
7. An experimental method using the rock-soil mass slope moisture movement simulation device with the root-rock structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising:
simulating a rainfall event of slope moisture movement;
simulating large-pore preferential flow in the slope body by combining a tracing experiment;
the influence of the structure of the root stone on the movement of soil moisture is simulated.
8. The experimental method of claim 7, wherein the simulating a rainfall event of slope surface moisture movement specifically comprises:
simulating artificial rainfall events according to different rainfall amounts;
automatically monitoring the water content of the backfill soil layer by using a soil water probe;
collecting effluent liquid of the backfill soil layer;
and respectively drawing a dynamic change diagram of the water content of the rock and soil body on the downhill surface of the artificial rainfall event and a dynamic diagram of the effluent liquid corresponding to different rainfall amounts according to the monitored water content and the collected effluent liquid.
9. The assay method of claim 7, wherein the combined tracer assay, which simulates macroporous preferential flow in a ramp body, specifically comprises:
setting a tracer feeding area with the width of 10cm and the length equal to the width of the soil groove at the position of 20cm of the top of the slope, and using a steel plate with the width of 10cm as boundary isolation, wherein the steel plate is inserted into the ground surface by 5 cm;
injecting pure water with 5 pore volumes into the tracer adding area; then 2 pore volumes are injected, containing 100mgBr-A KBr solution of/L; finally, injecting pure water with 5 pore volumes;
collecting effluent liquid every 15 minutes by using an effluent liquid collector to obtain a sample to be detected;
determining Br in each of said test samples-Concentration;
according to Br-Concentration plotting Br-The penetration curve.
10. The experimental method according to claim 7, wherein the simulating the influence of the structure of the root stone on the movement of the soil moisture specifically comprises:
respectively selecting a rock-soil body area containing a root stone structure and a rock-soil body area not containing root stones;
respectively arranging high-definition cameras at the center positions of the rock-soil body area containing the root stone structure and the rock-soil body area not containing the root stone;
simulating an artificial rainfall event according to a certain rainfall;
recording images within a range using the high definition camera;
acquiring time series images;
and analyzing the time sequence images to obtain the migration dynamics of the infiltration frontal surface of the rock-soil body containing the root rocks.
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| CN202010417490.0A CN111537698A (en) | 2020-05-18 | 2020-05-18 | Rock-soil mass slope surface water movement simulation device with root stone structure and experiment method |
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| CN113433019A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-09-24 | 成都理工大学 | Vegetation slope protection erosion penetration experiment simulation device and simulation method |
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| CN113252876B (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2023-03-17 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Rock-soil mass slope surface water movement simulation device with root stone structure and experiment method |
| CN113804858B (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2023-06-16 | 江西省水利科学院 | Multi-dimensional automatic monitoring system for multiple indexes of sloping field soil |
| CN113718864B (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2022-09-06 | 四川大学 | Karst sloping field and stony desertification side slope earth surface and underground water and soil loss integrated test model |
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