CN113252313A - Device for detecting coaxiality error of laser axis and telescope collimation axis - Google Patents
Device for detecting coaxiality error of laser axis and telescope collimation axis Download PDFInfo
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- CN113252313A CN113252313A CN202110520492.7A CN202110520492A CN113252313A CN 113252313 A CN113252313 A CN 113252313A CN 202110520492 A CN202110520492 A CN 202110520492A CN 113252313 A CN113252313 A CN 113252313A
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005304 optical glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
- G01M11/02—Testing optical properties
- G01M11/0207—Details of measuring devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/26—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
- G01B11/27—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes for testing the alignment of axes
- G01B11/272—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes for testing the alignment of axes using photoelectric detection means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
- G01M11/02—Testing optical properties
- G01M11/0221—Testing optical properties by determining the optical axis or position of lenses
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
- Measurement Of Optical Distance (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model provides a device for detecting laser axis and telescope sight axis axiality error, includes casing and extension speculum, the outside of casing one end is arranged in to the extension speculum, the light filter is installed to the inside one end of casing, cross reticle, light source and two-dimensional position sensor are installed to the inside other end of casing, light source is located between cross reticle and the two-dimensional position sensor, reticle adjusting screw is installed to the lateral part of cross reticle, sensor adjusting screw is installed to two-dimensional position sensor's lateral part, two-dimensional position sensor is connected with the computer through the connecting wire. The device has improved accuracy, the convenience that laser axle and sighting axis axiality error detection of laser class instrument and equipment, very big improvement work efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device for detecting coaxiality errors of a laser axis and a telescope sighting axis, in particular to a device for detecting the coaxiality errors of the laser axis and the telescope sighting axis of laser instruments such as a laser theodolite, a laser level and the like by adopting a two-dimensional PSD position sensor.
Background
At present, laser theodolites, laser levels, laser line sights and the like are widely applied to military target measurement and large-scale ship manufacturing; measuring the displacement of the dam body of the medium and small dam; correcting the bed body of the heavy machine, and measuring the deformation of a machine element; port, bridge engineering; laying large pipelines and pipelines; tunnel and roadway engineering; high-rise buildings, large towers; mounting an airplane frame; measuring a perpendicular line in the zenith direction; leveling, etc. In order to ensure the quality of all the projects, the requirement of the coaxiality of the laser axis of the laser theodolite instrument and the sighting axis of the telescope is quite high (less than or equal to 5'), namely the coaxiality can not exceed 0.05mm under the condition of being close to about two meters.
The existing detection method for the technical indexes comprises the steps of firstly aiming at the center of a cross line by using a telescope, then projecting a laser spot onto a cross reticle, and judging the deviation distance error of the laser spot and the cross reticle by using eyes or a micrometer.
Because the brightness of laser spots is in Gaussian distribution and is influenced by various factors, the laser spots often do not have clear-edge circles or even diffract, and the inherent drift of the laser is added, so that the reading within 0.05mm by naked eye judgment is a task which cannot be completed. Only rough judgment can be made, and verification data cannot be given at all.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device for detecting the coaxiality error of a laser axis and a telescope collimation axis, which solves the problems in the prior art, can fundamentally meet the requirement of quantitative detection of the coaxiality error of various laser axes such as a laser theodolite, a laser level, a laser alignment instrument and the like and the telescope collimation axis, has the characteristics of high detection accuracy and strong convenience, and greatly improves the working efficiency.
The technical scheme who takes for realizing above-mentioned purpose is, a device for detecting laser axis and telescope sight axis axiality error, including casing and extension speculum, the outside of casing one end is arranged in to the extension speculum, the light filter is installed to the inside one end of casing, cross reticle, light source and two-dimensional position sensor are installed to the inside other end of casing, light source is located between cross reticle and the two-dimensional position sensor, reticle adjusting screw is installed to the lateral part of cross reticle, sensor adjusting screw is installed to two-dimensional position sensor's lateral part, two-dimensional position sensor is connected with the computer through the connecting wire.
Furthermore, the shell is of a cylindrical structure, the error of the cylindricity of the outer circle of the shell is not larger than 0.01mm, triangular insection structures are uniformly distributed on the inner cylindrical surface of the shell, and a black matt paint layer is further coated on the inner cylindrical surface of the shell to absorb stray light.
Furthermore, the reticle is made of transparent optical glass, an opaque reticle with the line width of 0.015-0.03 mm is made in the center of one surface of the reticle, and 4 reticle adjusting screws are uniformly distributed on the side face of the reticle and used for adjusting the coaxiality of the center of the reticle and the shell to be not more than 0.01 mm.
Furthermore, the two-dimensional position sensor adopts a PSD-W203 type two-dimensional PSD position sensor with a post-processing circuit board, the effective photosensitive size of the two-dimensional position sensor is larger than 21mm multiplied by 21mm, and the resolution is 2 um; and 4 sensor adjusting screws are uniformly distributed on the side surface of the two-dimensional position sensor and used for adjusting the coaxiality of the center of the two-dimensional position sensor and the shell to be not more than 0.2 mm.
Furthermore, the connecting line is a USB-to-RS 485 interface line, and the computer is connected with the two-dimensional position sensor through the USB-to-RS 485 interface line.
Furthermore, the shell is provided with at least one extension reflector outside the end provided with the optical filter, the extension reflector is a plane reflector, and the detection distance is extended by reflecting and turning the laser light for multiple times.
Further, the illumination light source (9) is an LED light source.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages.
The device has the advantages that the device can fundamentally meet the requirement of quantitative detection of coaxiality errors of various laser axes such as a laser theodolite, a laser level, a laser alignment instrument and the like and a telescope collimation axis, has the characteristics of high detection accuracy and strong convenience, greatly improves the working efficiency, and has great significance for production, use, calibration and detection of laser instruments.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a cross reticle of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional position sensor according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is an exploded view of the optical structure of the device.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The invention is further described below with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings.
The utility model provides a device for detecting laser axis and telescope sight axis axiality error, includes casing 2 and extension speculum 21, as shown in fig. 1, 2, the outside of 2 one ends of casing is arranged in to extension speculum 21, light filter 1 is installed to the inside one end of casing 2, cross reticle 3, light source 9 and two-dimensional position sensor 6 are installed to the inside other end of casing 2, light source 9 is located between cross reticle 3 and the two-dimensional position sensor 6, reticle adjusting screw 4 is installed to the lateral part of cross reticle 3, sensor adjusting screw 5 is installed to the lateral part of two-dimensional position sensor 6, two-dimensional position sensor 6 is connected with computer 7 through connecting wire 8.
The shell 2 is of a cylindrical structure, the error of the cylindricity of the outer circle of the shell 2 is not more than 0.01mm, triangular insection structures are uniformly distributed on the inner cylindrical surface of the shell 2, and a black matt paint layer is further coated on the inner cylindrical surface of the shell 2 to absorb stray light.
The reticle 3 is made of transparent optical glass, an opaque reticle with the line width of 0.015-0.03 mm is made in the center of one surface of the reticle 3, 4 reticle adjusting screws 4 are uniformly distributed on the side face of the reticle 3, and the reticle adjusting screws are used for adjusting the coaxiality of the center of the reticle and the shell 2 to be not more than 0.01 mm.
The two-dimensional position sensor 6 adopts a two-dimensional PSD position sensor with a post-processing circuit board and the type of PSD-W203, the effective photosensitive size of the two-dimensional position sensor is larger than (21 multiplied by 21) mm, and the resolution is 2 um; the side of two-dimensional position sensor 6 equipartition has 4 sensor adjusting screw 5 for the axiality of the center of adjusting two-dimensional position sensor 6 and casing 2 is not more than 0.2 mm.
The connecting line 8 is a USB-to-RS 485 interface line, and the computer 7 is connected with the two-dimensional position sensor 6 through the USB-to-RS 485 interface line.
The shell 2 is provided with at least one extension reflector 21 outside the end provided with the optical filter 1, the extension reflector 21 is a plane reflector, and the detection distance is extended by reflecting and turning laser light for multiple times.
The illumination light source 9 is an LED light source.
When the invention is implemented specifically, a black matt paint layer is coated on the inner cylindrical wall of a shell 2 with a cylindrical structure, a triangular insection structure for preventing stray light is processed, a light inlet is provided with an optical filter 1 for preventing stray light of non-laser wavelength from entering an instrument, the optical filter 1 only allows laser wavelength emitted by the instrument to be measured to pass through and can be replaced at any time, and the half width of the optical filter is 20 nanometers of the corresponding laser peak wavelength. The other end of the shell 2 is provided with a glass cross reticle 3 and a two-dimensional position sensor 6, and 4 reticle adjusting screws 4 and sensor adjusting screws 5 which are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the glass cross reticle 3 can be respectively adjusted, so that the center of the cross line is coaxial with the shell 2, and the different axial degrees of the cross line are not more than 0.005 mm. Similarly, 4 sensor adjusting screws 5 around the two-dimensional position sensor 6 are adjusted to enable the center of the two-dimensional position sensor 6 to be basically coaxial with the shell 2 (a small amount of different axiality errors can be set to zero through software), and therefore the measuring accuracy of the device is guaranteed.
The X and Y directions of the two-dimensional position sensor 6 should be adjusted to be in conformity with the cross line direction of the cross reticle 3 so as to facilitate the computer processing of data. The two-dimensional position sensor 6 is a current device, a two-dimensional PSD position sensor with a post-processing circuit board and the type of PSD-W20 is selected, and the circuit board comprises a current-voltage converter, an analog-to-digital conversion device and an RS485 digital output interface so as to be convenient for communication with a computer through a USB-to-RS 485 interface line.
The parameters of the PSD-W203 type two-dimensional PSD position sensor are as follows:
effective photosurface (21X 21) mm
Spectral response range (380-1100) nm
Response time 1 mus
The working temperature is minus 10-60 DEG C
21*21mmPSD 。
The working principle of the invention is that when in use, the device is opposite to a detected laser instrument 22 (such as a laser theodolite), the center of a cross reticle 3 illuminated by an illumination light source 9 in the device is firstly aimed at by a telescope of the laser theodolite, then the illumination light source 9 is turned off, then the laser of the detected equipment is turned on, and laser beams are emitted. Stray light is filtered through the optical filter 1, laser is received by the two-dimensional position sensor 6, a generated voltage value is converted into data required by a detection result through a current-voltage converter, an analog-digital conversion device and an RS485 digital quantity output interface which are integrated on the PSD board card, the data are transmitted to the computer 7 through the connecting wire 8, and the measurement result is displayed after the data are sampled, analyzed and processed through data processing software.
When the laser axis and the sighting axis of the telescope are completely coaxial, the display error of the computer 7 is 0.00mm, and if the laser axis and the sighting axis of the telescope are not coaxial, the error value can be accurately output.
The two-dimensional PSD position sensor for receiving the energy center of gravity of the laser beam spot of the tested device is insensitive to the size, the edge and the deformation of the tested spot. The method has the advantages of high sampling speed (microsecond level), stable sampling value and high measurement resolution, and can reach the micron level. The device has the characteristics of high measurement precision, rapidness and convenience, and can be used for the detection, and the influence of inherent drift and atmospheric disturbance of laser can be overcome by adopting a calculation method of an average value of multiple measurements.
In order to conveniently use the laser coaxiality detector in a limited indoor space, a plurality of plane reflectors (which can be increased or decreased according to the geometrical size of an indoor environment) as shown in fig. 4 are needed, and the detection distance can be extended to be more than 60m at most by reflecting and turning laser light for multiple times.
Claims (7)
1. A device for detecting the coaxiality error of a laser axis and a sighting axis of a telescope comprises a shell (2) and an expansion reflector (21), characterized in that the extended reflector (21) is arranged outside one end of the shell (2), one end of the inside of the shell (2) is provided with the optical filter (1), the other end of the inside of the shell (2) is provided with the cross reticle (3), the lighting source (9) and the two-dimensional position sensor (6), the illumination light source (9) is positioned between the cross reticle (3) and the two-dimensional position sensor (6), the side part of the cross reticle (3) is provided with a reticle adjusting screw (4), a sensor adjusting screw (5) is arranged on the side of the two-dimensional position sensor (6), the two-dimensional position sensor (6) is connected with a computer (7) through a connecting wire (8).
2. The device for detecting the coaxiality error of the laser axis and the sight axis of the telescope according to claim 1, wherein the shell (2) is of a cylindrical structure, the error of the excircle cylindricity of the shell (2) is not more than 0.01mm, triangular insection structures are uniformly distributed on the inner cylindrical surface of the shell (2), and a black matt paint layer is further coated on the inner cylindrical surface of the shell (2) to absorb stray light.
3. The device for detecting the coaxiality error of the laser axis and the sighting axis of the telescope according to claim 1, wherein the reticle (3) is made of transparent optical glass, an opaque reticle with the line width of 0.015mm-0.03mm is made in the center of one surface of the reticle (3), 4 reticle adjusting screws (4) are uniformly distributed on the side surface of the reticle (3), and the coaxiality of the center of the reticle and the shell (2) is not more than 0.01 mm.
4. The device for detecting the coaxiality error of the laser axis and the sighting axis of the telescope according to claim 1, wherein the two-dimensional position sensor (6) adopts a PSD-W203 type two-dimensional PSD position sensor with a post-processing circuit board, the effective photosensitive size of the two-dimensional PSD position sensor is larger than 21mm x 21mm, and the resolution is 2 um; the side equipartition of two-dimensional position sensor (6) has 4 sensor adjusting screw (5) for the axiality of the center of adjusting two-dimensional position sensor (6) and casing (2) is not more than 0.2 mm.
5. The device for detecting the coaxiality error of the laser axis and the sighting axis of the telescope according to claim 1, wherein the connecting line (8) is a USB-to-RS 485 interface line, and the computer (7) is connected with the two-dimensional position sensor (6) through the USB-to-RS 485 interface line.
6. The device for detecting the coaxiality error of the laser axis and the sighting axis of the telescope according to claim 1, wherein the shell (2) is provided with at least one extended reflector (21) outside the end where the optical filter (1) is installed, the extended reflector (21) is a plane reflector, and the detection distance is extended by reflecting and turning the laser light for multiple times.
7. The device for detecting the coaxiality error of the laser axis and the sighting axis of the telescope according to claim 1, wherein the illumination light source (9) is an LED light source.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110520492.7A CN113252313B (en) | 2021-05-13 | 2021-05-13 | Device for detecting coaxiality errors of laser axis and telescope collimation axis |
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| CN202110520492.7A CN113252313B (en) | 2021-05-13 | 2021-05-13 | Device for detecting coaxiality errors of laser axis and telescope collimation axis |
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| CN113252313B CN113252313B (en) | 2024-05-14 |
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