CN113251434A - Subcritical boiler multi-target collaborative optimization air preheater anti-blocking system - Google Patents

Subcritical boiler multi-target collaborative optimization air preheater anti-blocking system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113251434A
CN113251434A CN202110460578.5A CN202110460578A CN113251434A CN 113251434 A CN113251434 A CN 113251434A CN 202110460578 A CN202110460578 A CN 202110460578A CN 113251434 A CN113251434 A CN 113251434A
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China
Prior art keywords
air
air preheater
primary air
boiler
preheater
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Pending
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CN202110460578.5A
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Inventor
陈永彬
侯伟
赵志忠
田维宽
张真龙
袁小松
吴炳坤
龙仲森
宜清正
胡兴祥
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Nanjing New Power Technology Co ltd
Guizhou Wujiang Hydropower Development Co ltd Dalong Branch
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Nanjing New Power Technology Co ltd
Guizhou Wujiang Hydropower Development Co ltd Dalong Branch
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Application filed by Nanjing New Power Technology Co ltd, Guizhou Wujiang Hydropower Development Co ltd Dalong Branch filed Critical Nanjing New Power Technology Co ltd
Priority to CN202110460578.5A priority Critical patent/CN113251434A/en
Publication of CN113251434A publication Critical patent/CN113251434A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23LSUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L15/00Heating of air supplied for combustion
    • F23L15/02Arrangements of regenerators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22BMETHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/48Devices for removing water, salt, or sludge from boilers; Arrangements of cleaning apparatus in boilers; Combinations thereof with boilers
    • F22B37/54De-sludging or blow-down devices
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
  • Chimneys And Flues (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a subcritical boiler multi-target collaborative optimization air preheater anti-blocking system, which comprises an air preheater, a boiler steam drum and a continuous discharge flash tank, wherein the air preheater is connected with the steam drum; the air preheater is connected with the waste heat exchanger to form a circulation loop, and the boiler steam drum is connected with the continuous-row flash tank through the waste heat exchanger by a boiler continuous-row pipeline; the invention has the advantages that: the anti-blocking modification is carried out through the air preheater, the high-temperature waste heat of the subcritical boiler continuous sewage discharge hot water is effectively utilized, the boiler heat efficiency is improved, the blockage phenomenon of ammonium bisulfate of a heat exchange element of the air preheater is eliminated, and the expenses of daily operation maintenance, shutdown, overhaul, cleaning and the like of the air preheater can be reduced. After the resistance of the wind and smoke system is reduced, the operation of the fan is reduced, the number is reduced, energy is saved, and meanwhile, the safety is also improved.

Description

Subcritical boiler multi-target collaborative optimization air preheater anti-blocking system
Technical Field
The invention relates to an air preheater, in particular to a subcritical boiler multi-target collaborative optimization air preheater anti-blocking system, and belongs to the field of air preheaters.
Background
The subcritical boiler pollution discharge is divided into continuous pollution discharge, also called surface pollution discharge, and requires that part of boiler water is continuously discharged from the position with the highest saline-alkaline concentration of the boiler water so as to reduce the salt content and the alkaline content in the boiler water, the silicic acid content and the slag content in a suspended state, the continuous discharge hot water temperature of the subcritical boiler is about 374 ℃, and the part of high-temperature waste water is usually directly connected to a boiler continuous discharge expansion tank, so that high-quality high-temperature heat energy waste is caused, and the boiler efficiency is reduced.
When the subcritical boiler operates, continuous pollution discharge of the boiler is required to ensure safe operation of the boiler. Boiler blow-off is divided into continuous blow-off, also called surface blow-off, and requires that part of boiler water is continuously discharged from the position with the highest saline-alkaline concentration of the boiler water so as to reduce the salt content and the alkaline content in the boiler water, the silicic acid content and the slag content in a suspended state, the continuous-discharge hot water temperature of a subcritical boiler is about 374 ℃, the part of high-temperature waste water is usually directly connected to a boiler continuous-discharge flash tank heat to be dissipated to the atmospheric environment, high-quality high-temperature heat energy waste is generated, and the thermal efficiency of the boiler is reduced.
The domestic subcritical boiler is generally provided with an SCR denitration system, and in order to ensure the standard emission, most power plants have the conditions of excessive ammonia spraying and large ammonia escape, thereby generating NH4HSO4And sediment causes the phenomena of ash blockage and local blockage of the air preheater. The blockage of the air preheater can cause the negative pressure fluctuation of the hearthIncreasing, and simultaneously increasing the pressure difference of an inlet and an outlet on the smoke side and the primary/secondary air side of the air preheater; when the blockage is serious, the air leakage quantity of the air preheater is increased, and the exhaust gas temperatures on two sides are increased in different degrees. The boiler smoke discharge loss is increased, the current of the induced draft fan and the primary air fan is increased, the power consumption of the air fans is obviously increased, even the induced draft fan is possibly stalled, and potential safety hazards are generated on the normal operation of the unit. At present, the phenomenon of excessive ammonia spraying caused by ultra-low emission requirements generally exists, and the problem that the normal production is influenced when the resistance of an air preheater of a boiler is increased seriously exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to design a subcritical boiler multi-target cooperative optimization air preheater anti-blocking system, through air preheater anti-blocking modification, effectively utilize high-temperature waste heat of subcritical boiler continuous blowdown hot water, improve boiler thermal efficiency, eliminate ammonium bisulfate blocking phenomenon of an air preheater, and reduce the cost of daily operation maintenance, shutdown, overhaul, cleaning and the like of the air preheater. After the resistance of the wind and smoke system is reduced, the operation of the fan is reduced, the number is reduced, energy is saved, and meanwhile, the safety is also improved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a subcritical boiler multi-target collaborative optimization air preheater anti-blocking system comprises an air preheater, a boiler steam drum and a continuous emission flash tank;
the air preheater is connected with the waste heat exchanger to form a circulation loop, and the boiler steam drum is connected with the continuous-row flash tank through the waste heat exchanger by a boiler continuous-row pipeline;
the air preheater is provided with an air preheater rotor, an air preheater hot flue gas outlet and a heat exchange element; the air preheater is provided with a left air duct and a right air duct, the left air duct is composed of a cold primary air inlet of the air preheater positioned at the lower part and a hot primary air outlet of the air preheater positioned at the upper part, and the right air duct is composed of a high-temperature primary air pipeline of the air preheater positioned at the lower part and a hot secondary air outlet of the air preheater positioned at the upper part; the air preheater high-temperature primary air pipeline and the air preheater hot secondary air outlet are respectively provided with a pressure sensor, the pressure sensors are connected with a differential pressure transmitter, and the differential pressure transmitter is electrically connected with a DCS system through an industrial personal computer.
The cold primary air inlet of the air preheater is connected with the high-temperature primary air inlet channel through a cold primary air pipeline; the high-temperature primary air inlet channel is provided with a high-temperature primary air 0.5-degree fan-shaped split inlet area, and the high-temperature primary air 0.5-degree fan-shaped split inlet area is communicated with the waste heat exchanger through an air preheater cold primary air diversion pipeline and is provided with an electric adjusting door; and the waste heat exchanger is communicated with the high-temperature primary air inlet channel sequentially through a high-temperature primary air pipeline and a high-temperature primary air reflux port of the air preheater.
By shunting a small amount of cold primary air to the waste heat utilization heat exchanger, the waste heat utilization heat exchanger heats the waste water continuously discharged by the subcritical boiler continuous discharge flash tank, and the temperature of the cold primary air shunting pipeline of the air preheater is heated to be higher than 320 ℃ in the form of the high-temperature primary air pipeline of the air preheater. The method comprises the steps of dividing a primary air pipeline inlet of a cold primary air inlet of an original air preheater into a high-temperature primary air 0.5-degree fan-shaped divided inlet area, establishing a high-temperature primary air independent circulation channel cold primary air diversion pipeline of the air preheater, and then returning the high-temperature primary air to the high-temperature primary air pipeline of the air preheater formed by dividing the original cold primary inlet. The high-temperature primary air directly sweeps the cold end of the heat exchange element of the air preheater and is merged into the original hot primary air again after sweeping. A local high-temperature and high-flow-velocity area is established in the area of the heat exchange element of the air preheater, and acid liquor including H on the surface of the cold end of the heat storage element air preheater is removed in real time through the dual functions of high-temperature pyrolysis and hot air purging2SO4Liquid droplets and liquid NH4HSO4The accumulated dust keeps the heat storage element to be continuously clean, so as to remove NH4HSO4The purpose of (1).
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the anti-blocking modification is carried out through the air preheater, the high-temperature waste heat of the subcritical boiler continuous sewage discharge hot water is effectively utilized, the boiler heat efficiency is improved, the blockage phenomenon of ammonium bisulfate of a heat exchange element of the air preheater is eliminated, and the expenses of daily operation maintenance, shutdown, overhaul, cleaning and the like of the air preheater can be reduced. After the resistance of the wind and smoke system is reduced, the operation of the fan is reduced, the number is reduced, energy is saved, and meanwhile, the safety is also improved.
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a cold inlet of an air preheater according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-objective collaborative optimization air preheater anti-blocking system of a subcritical boiler according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a primary air inlet duct according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1 hot primary air outlet of air preheater, 2 hot overgrate air outlet of air preheater, 3 air preheater rotors, 4 cold primary air shunt pipelines of air preheater, 5 primary air inlets, 6 high-temperature primary air 0.5 sector division entrance areas, 7 hot flue gas outlets of air preheater, 8 high-temperature primary air return ports, 9 cold primary air inlets of air preheater, 10 heat exchange elements, 11 cold overgrate air inlets of air preheater, 12 high-temperature primary air pipelines of air preheater, 13 pressure sensor, 14 industrial personal computer, 15 differential pressure transmitter, 16DCS system, 17 waste heat exchanger, 18 electric regulating door, 19 boiler steam drum, 20 boiler continuous-exhaust pipelines, 21 continuous-exhaust flash tank, 22 cold primary air pipelines.
Detailed Description
The following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided for the purpose of illustration and description, and is in no way intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-3, a subcritical boiler multi-objective collaborative optimization air preheater anti-blocking system includes an air preheater (fig. 1), a boiler drum 19 and a continuous discharge flash tank 21;
the air preheater is connected with a waste heat exchanger 17 to form a circulation loop, and the boiler steam drum 19 is connected with the continuous-row flash tank 21 through a boiler continuous-row pipeline 20 and the waste heat exchanger 17;
the air preheater is provided with an air preheater rotor 3, an air preheater hot flue gas outlet 7 and a heat exchange element 10; the air preheater is provided with a left air duct and a right air duct, the left air duct is composed of a cold primary air inlet 9 of the air preheater positioned at the lower part and a hot primary air outlet 1 of the air preheater positioned at the upper part, and the right air duct is composed of a high-temperature primary air pipeline 11 of the air preheater positioned at the lower part and a hot secondary air outlet 2 of the air preheater positioned at the upper part; air preheater high temperature primary air duct 11 and air preheater hot overgrate air export 2 departments all be equipped with pressure sensor 13, two pressure sensor 13 all links to each other with differential pressure transmitter 15, differential pressure transmitter 15 is connected with DCS system 16 electricity through industrial computer 14.
The cold primary air inlet 9 of the air preheater is connected with the high-temperature primary air inlet channel 5 through a cold primary air pipeline 22; the high-temperature primary air inlet channel 5 is provided with a high-temperature primary air 0.5-degree fan-shaped split inlet area 6, the high-temperature primary air 0.5-degree fan-shaped split inlet area 6 is communicated with the waste heat exchanger 17 through an air preheater cold primary air diversion pipeline 4, and an electric adjusting door 18 is arranged; and the waste heat exchanger 17 is communicated with the high-temperature primary air inlet channel 5 sequentially through the high-temperature primary air pipeline 12 and the high-temperature primary air return port 8 of the air preheater.
By shunting a small amount of cold primary air 9 to the waste heat utilization heat exchanger 17, the waste heat utilization heat exchanger utilizes high-temperature waste water continuously discharged by the subcritical boiler continuous emission flash tank 21 to heat, and the temperature of the cold primary air of the air preheater cold primary air shunting pipeline 4 is heated to be higher than 320 ℃ through the high-temperature primary air in the form of the air preheater high-temperature primary air pipeline 12. The method comprises the steps of dividing a high-temperature primary air 0.5-degree fan-shaped division inlet area 6 of a primary air pipeline inlet of a primary air inlet 9 of an original air preheater, establishing a high-temperature primary air independent circulation channel primary air cold air diversion pipeline 4, and then returning the high-temperature primary air gas to a high-temperature primary air pipeline 12 of the high-temperature channel air preheater formed by dividing the original primary air inlet of the primary air inlet 9 of the air preheater. The high-temperature primary air directly sweeps the cold end of the air preheater heat exchange element 10, and the high-temperature primary air is merged into the original hot primary air 1 again after sweeping. A local high-temperature and high-flow-velocity area is established in the area of the air preheater heat exchange element 10, and acid liquor including H on the surface of the cold end of the heat storage element air preheater heat exchange element 10 is removed in real time through the dual functions of high-temperature pyrolysis and hot air purging2SO4Liquid droplets and liquid NH4HSO4The accumulated dust keeps the heat storage element to be continuously clean, so as to remove NH4HSO4The purpose of (1).
High-temperature residue discharged continuously by using subcritical boiler continuous-discharge flash tank 21The heat directly heats a small amount of cold primary air 9, so that the part of cold primary air 9 is changed into high-temperature hot air 12 and then returns to the primary air inlet 5 of the air preheater. (the original primary air 9 air quantity and the primary seal cover inlet area and size of the air preheater are not changed), only a fan-shaped area 6 which is 0.5 degrees and is close to the high-temperature flue gas side of the original air preheater cold primary air inlet 9 channel is required to be divided to form a high-temperature hot primary air inlet channel 5, and the air high-temperature hot primary air 5 directly heats and sweeps the cold end of a heat exchange element 10 of the air preheater to remove NH4HSO4The purpose of (1).
A part of cold primary air preheater cold primary air diversion pipeline 4 is shunted on a cold primary air 9 inlet pipeline, the part of cold primary air preheater cold primary air diversion pipeline 4 is led into a waste heat exchanger 17, cold primary air is heated to 320 ℃ through the waste heat exchanger 17, and the part of high-temperature primary air 12 is led into a high-temperature hot primary air flow port channel 5 of a 0.5-degree sector area 6 which is divided from an original primary air inlet. The high-temperature primary air 12 directly heats and sweeps the cold end of the heat exchange element 10 of the air preheater, so that the temperature of the cold end of the heat exchange element is increased, NH4HSO4 is gasified and volatilized, and the aim of dredging the heat exchange element 10 is fulfilled. The part of high-temperature primary air is merged into the hot primary air 1 of the air preheater again at the outlet of the hot primary air 1 of the air preheater; a waste heat exchanger 17 is installed on a continuous sewage discharge pipeline between an original boiler steam drum 19 and a continuous sewage discharge flash tank 21, and high-temperature hot water continuously discharged by the boiler continuous discharge flash tank 21 is cooled after heating primary air cooled by a primary air cooled flow distribution pipeline 4 of an air preheater through the waste heat exchanger 17 and then enters a continuous discharge port container 17. As shown in fig. 1 and 2 below.
When the high-temperature primary air blowing automatic control system operates, a pressure sensor 13 is arranged at the smoke inlet and outlet of the air preheater, signals for measuring the front and back pressure difference of the air preheater enter a differential pressure transmitter 15 and then are sent to an industrial personal computer 14, the industrial personal computer 14 automatically calculates the extracted cold primary air extracted air volume and outputs a valve opening degree signal to a DCS system 16 according to parameters such as the resistance of the air preheater, the smoke temperature of the inlet and outlet of the air preheater and the like, the DCS system 16 sends an instruction to an electric regulating valve 18 arranged on a primary air flow dividing pipeline, and the blowing air volume of the high-temperature primary air 12 is timely regulated by regulating the size of the electric regulating valve 18 on an air flow pipe.
The subcritical boiler continuous discharge flash tank 21 is used for continuously discharging sewage, hot water and high-temperature waste heat to directly heat a small amount of cold primary air 9 of the air preheater.
The part of the cold primary air 9 is heated by the cold primary air diversion pipeline 4 of the air preheater to become high-temperature primary air 12, and then flows back to the high-temperature primary air inlet channel 5 of the sector area 6 with the temperature of 0.5 ℃ at the original primary air inlet. The air preheater body does not need to be modified.
The primary air volume and the secondary air volume of the original air preheater are not changed, and the condition limitation that the high-temperature primary air volume is required to have 5% allowance when the high-temperature waste heat of the primary air is used for blowing in the prior art is overcome.
The high-temperature primary air is arranged at the cold end of the original cold primary air 9 close to the flue gas side to directly heat and sweep the heat exchange element 10 so as to remove NH4HSO4The purpose of (1). This arrangement position structural style is favorable to improving and sweeps heat exchange element 10 cold junction heating intensification effect to the heating, because the air preheater cold junction has just been followed high temperature flue gas side rotation and come, and the temperature is higher. The temperature of the cold end of the heat exchange element can be increased to over 320 ℃, which is more favorable for dissolving and removing NH clearly4HSO4
The high-temperature primary air 12 purging automatic control system is composed of a pressure sensor 13, a differential pressure transmitter 15, an industrial personal computer 14, a DCS system 16 and an electric adjusting door 18.
The pressure difference between the cold secondary air 11 and the hot secondary air 2, namely the pressure difference between the two ends of the heat exchange element 10, is detected by a sensor 13, the larger the pressure difference is, the more serious the blockage of the heat exchange element 10, namely an air preheater is, a pressure signal is transmitted to an industrial personal computer 14 by a differential pressure transmitter 15, the industrial personal computer 14 performs summary analysis on the pressure difference between the two ends of the cold secondary air 12 and the hot secondary air 2 of the air preheater, the flue gas temperature at the inlet and the outlet of the air preheater and the like, the range of each parameter is set in the industrial personal computer 14, when the pressure difference between the two ends of the cold secondary air 12 and the hot secondary air 2 of the air preheater exceeds the set value of the industrial personal computer 14, the. The cold primary air is heated to form high-temperature primary air 12 through the cold primary air shunting pipeline 4 of the air preheater and the waste heat exchanger 17, and enters the high-temperature primary air 0.5-degree fan-shaped division inlet area 6 through the primary air inlet 5 to purge the heat exchange element 10.
The high-temperature primary air purging air quantity is adjusted by adjusting the opening angle of the electric adjusting door on the air pipe.

Claims (3)

1. The utility model provides a subcritical boiler multi-target collaborative optimization air preheater prevents stifled system which characterized in that: comprises an air preheater, a boiler steam drum and a continuous discharge flash tank; the air preheater is connected with the waste heat exchanger to form a circulation loop, and the boiler drum is connected with the continuous-row flash tank through the waste heat exchanger by a boiler continuous-row pipeline.
2. The subcritical boiler multi-objective collaborative optimization air preheater anti-blocking system according to claim 1, wherein: the air preheater is provided with an air preheater rotor, an air preheater hot flue gas outlet and a heat exchange element; the air preheater is provided with a left air duct and a right air duct, the left air duct is composed of a cold primary air inlet of the air preheater positioned at the lower part and a hot primary air outlet of the air preheater positioned at the upper part, and the right air duct is composed of a high-temperature primary air pipeline of the air preheater positioned at the lower part and a hot secondary air outlet of the air preheater positioned at the upper part; the air preheater high-temperature primary air pipeline and the air preheater hot secondary air outlet are respectively provided with a pressure sensor, the pressure sensors are connected with a differential pressure transmitter, and the differential pressure transmitter is electrically connected with a DCS system through an industrial personal computer.
3. The subcritical boiler multi-objective collaborative optimization air preheater anti-blocking system according to claim 2, wherein: the cold primary air inlet of the air preheater is connected with the high-temperature primary air inlet channel through a cold primary air pipeline; the high-temperature primary air inlet channel is provided with a high-temperature primary air 0.5-degree fan-shaped split inlet area, and the high-temperature primary air 0.5-degree fan-shaped split inlet area is communicated with the waste heat exchanger through an air preheater cold primary air diversion pipeline and is provided with an electric adjusting door; and the waste heat exchanger is communicated with the high-temperature primary air inlet channel sequentially through a high-temperature primary air pipeline and a high-temperature primary air reflux port of the air preheater.
CN202110460578.5A 2021-04-27 2021-04-27 Subcritical boiler multi-target collaborative optimization air preheater anti-blocking system Pending CN113251434A (en)

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CN202110460578.5A CN113251434A (en) 2021-04-27 2021-04-27 Subcritical boiler multi-target collaborative optimization air preheater anti-blocking system

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113819481A (en) * 2021-08-30 2021-12-21 浙江兴核智拓科技有限公司 Anti-blocking rotary air preheater based on circulating temperature rise and blowing of circulating wheel and anti-blocking method
CN116428607A (en) * 2023-06-14 2023-07-14 浙江程润云环境科技有限公司 Denitration anti-blocking air preheater method and system

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113819481A (en) * 2021-08-30 2021-12-21 浙江兴核智拓科技有限公司 Anti-blocking rotary air preheater based on circulating temperature rise and blowing of circulating wheel and anti-blocking method
CN116428607A (en) * 2023-06-14 2023-07-14 浙江程润云环境科技有限公司 Denitration anti-blocking air preheater method and system
CN116428607B (en) * 2023-06-14 2023-10-20 浙江程润云环境科技有限公司 Denitration anti-blocking air preheater method and system

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