CN113249203A - Air detector and using method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of microbial detection, in particular to an air detector and a using method thereof, and aims to solve the problem that bacteria or viruses in air cannot be pre-warned or monitored; the sampling box includes reagent bottle, eluant storage container and waste liquid jar, eluant storage container with the reagent bottle passes through the tube coupling, waste liquid jar with the bottom of reagent bottle passes through the tube coupling, and be provided with the adsorption liquid in the reagent bottle, the adsorption liquid comprises microorganism lysate and adsorption particle.

Description

Air detector and using method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of microbial detection, in particular to an air detector and a using method thereof.

Background

Airborne transmission is the primary route of transmission of some pathogens or viruses, and is currently the most difficult route to detect and control in the environment. SARS epidemic, which brings huge impact to the world in 2003, affects domestic avian influenza outbreaks in H1N1 and 2013 in 2009, and is a novel coronavirus pneumonia COVID-19 in 2020, which are viral diseases capable of being transmitted through air. Taking the COVID-19 virus as an example: the virus is mainly present in the nasal discharge, sputum and saliva of infectious origin (human or animal), spread by airborne droplets and contact. When a patient coughs, sneezes or even speaks loudly, the virus is dispersed into the surrounding air along with saliva droplets, dust particles and the like, and spread along with the air flow. In the early stage, a large number of people are infected, particularly medical care personnel are greatly sacrificed, and except for the reason of protective measures, the virus in the air is difficult to monitor and prevent to a great extent.

To date, effective tools and methods for the early warning and monitoring of airborne harmful microorganisms are still lacking. The existing detection instrument and the detection method have complex procedures and long time consumption, and are difficult to provide accurate data information of epidemic situations in time so as to take precautionary measures quickly.

With the development of society, people in different countries and regions have more and more frequent communication, so that closed areas with dense pedestrian flows, such as public communication vehicles, traffic stations, schools, hospitals, shopping malls, office buildings and the like, have become main places for spreading diseases in the air. Particularly in hospitals, cross-contamination in the hospital has been a problem that makes hospitals headache.

When the avian influenza virus is epidemic, because no quick detection device is used for quickly and accurately detecting bacteria or viruses in the air on site, huge loss is easily caused.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, the invention aims to provide an air detector and a using method thereof, which solve the problem that bacteria or viruses in the air cannot be pre-warned or monitored so as to realize rapid and accurate field detection of the bacteria or the viruses in the air.

The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

an air detector comprises a detection box, wherein the top of the detection box is hinged with a box cover matched with the detection box, an air suction and exhaust device is arranged in the detection box, the air suction and exhaust device is connected with a sampling box through a pipeline, the sampling box is connected with a PCR amplification device through a pipeline, and the PCR amplification device is connected with a detection device;

the sampling box includes reagent bottle, eluant storage container and waste liquid jar, eluant storage container with the reagent bottle passes through the tube coupling, waste liquid jar with the bottom of reagent bottle passes through the tube coupling, and be provided with the adsorption liquid in the reagent bottle, the adsorption liquid comprises microorganism lysate and adsorption particle.

Optionally, the air suction and exhaust device comprises an air inlet pipe and an exhaust pipe which extend to the outside of the detection box, the air inlet pipe and the exhaust pipe are communicated, a detention chamber is arranged at the connecting end of the air inlet pipe and the exhaust pipe, the detention chamber is connected with an air outlet pipe connected with the reagent bottle, and a first sealing plate used for sealing the air inlet pipe and a second sealing plate used for sealing the exhaust pipe are arranged in the detention chamber.

Optionally, first shrouding, second shrouding slidable mounting are detained indoor and both mutually perpendicular and set up, first shrouding and second shrouding are adjusted through same regulating part, alternate shutoff intake pipe and exhaust pipe.

Optionally, the adjusting part includes a first connecting rod vertically arranged on the first sealing plate, a second connecting rod is arranged on the second sealing plate, the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are perpendicular to each other, and wedge blocks matched with each other are respectively arranged at ends of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod close to one side.

Optionally, a side of the second sealing plate, which is far away from the second connecting rod, is provided with a tension spring which abuts against the sidewall of the retention chamber.

Optionally, a vertically arranged driving cylinder is mounted at the bottom of the detention chamber, and an output shaft of the driving cylinder penetrates through the bottom wall of the detention chamber to be fixedly connected with the end part of the first connecting rod.

Optionally, the PCR amplification device includes a sample adding plate, a PCR kit and a PCR temperature control device, the sample adding plate is communicated with the PCR kit, and the PCR kit is connected with the PCR temperature control device.

Optionally, the detection device includes an excitation light emitter, a fluorescence receiver, and a man-machine interaction system, the excitation light emitter and the fluorescence receiver are disposed in the detection region of the PCR amplification device, and both the excitation light emitter and the fluorescence receiver are electrically connected to the man-machine interaction system.

Optionally, the air suction and exhaust device, the sampling box, the PCR amplification device and the detection device are all electrically connected with a central controller, and the central controller is one of a program controller, a single chip microcomputer or an industrial personal computer;

the central controller also comprises one or more combinations of a Bluetooth interface, a wireless WIFI interface, an Ethernet interface, a USB interface, an RS232 serial port or an RS485 serial port.

The second scheme of the invention provides a using method based on the air detector, which comprises the following steps:

s1, starting an air detector for online collection and automatic detection, presetting a PCR amplification program according to the requirement of the object to be detected and the corresponding PCR kit, and then inserting the PCR amplification program into a sampling box;

s2, setting a sampling volume, and then starting an air suction and exhaust device to automatically collect a sample to the set sampling volume;

s3, standing for a set time, starting a negative pressure device, sucking the liquid in the reagent bottle into a waste liquid cylinder, and intercepting the particles adsorbed with DNA or RNA on the filter medium of the reagent bottle;

s4, communicating an eluent storage container, adding DNA or RNA eluent into the reagent bottle, and eluting the DNA or the RNA on the particles;

s5, adding the eluted DNA or RNA eluent into the PCR amplification device, and performing PCR amplification through the preset PCR amplification program;

and S6, detecting the amplified sample by a detection device, and outputting a detection result.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an air detector according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection of an air detector according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an air suction and exhaust device in an air detector 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Description of reference numerals:

1. a detection box; 2. a box cover; 3. an air suction and exhaust device; 31. an air inlet pipe; 32. an exhaust pipe; 33. an air outlet pipe; 34. a retention chamber; 341. a tension spring; 342. a driving cylinder; 35. a first seal plate; 36. a second seal plate; 37. a first link; 38. a second link; 39. a wedge block; 4. a sample cartridge; 41. a reagent bottle; 42. an eluent storage container; 43. a waste liquid tank; 44. adsorbing liquid; 51. adding a sample plate; 52. a PCR kit; 53. a PCR temperature control device; 61. a light emitting emitter; 62. a fluorescence receiver; 63. a human-computer dialog system.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Example 1:

an air detector, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, comprises a detection box 1, wherein the top of the detection box 1 is hinged with a box cover 2 matched with the detection box, an air suction and exhaust device 3 is arranged in the detection box 1, the air suction and exhaust device 3 is connected with a sampling box 4 through a pipeline, the sampling box 4 is connected with a PCR amplification device through a pipeline, and the PCR amplification device is connected with a detection device; the sampling box 4 comprises a reagent bottle 41, an eluent storage container 42 and a waste liquid cylinder 43, the eluent storage container 42 is connected with the reagent bottle 41 through a pipeline, the waste liquid cylinder 43 is connected with the bottom of the reagent bottle 41 through a pipeline, an adsorption liquid 44 is arranged in the reagent bottle 41, the adsorption liquid 44 consists of a microorganism cracking liquid and adsorption particles, and the volume ratio of the microorganism cracking liquid to the adsorption particles is 10-20: 1. wherein, the adsorption particles are DNA adsorption particles or RNA adsorption particles; the microbial lysis solution is Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS), and the preparation method comprises dissolving NaCl, KCl, Na2HPO4 and KH2PO4 in distilled water, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 7.4 with HCl, adding distilled water to constant volume, steam sterilizing at 121 deg.C under high pressure for 20 min, and storing in refrigerator at room temperature or 4 deg.C. For example, 8g NaCl, 0.2g KCl, 1.44g Na2HPO4 and 0.24g KH2PO4 were dissolved in 800ml distilled water, the pH of the solution was adjusted to 7.4 with HCl, and finally distilled water was added to make a volume of 1L. Steam sterilizing at 121 deg.C under high pressure for 20 min, and storing in refrigerator at room temperature or 4 deg.C. The broad-spectrum efficient adsorption liquid comprises the following components: 1ml of PBS solution is added with chitosan nano-particles with the particle size distribution of 10-30 mg and the diameter of 10-200 nm. In the application, if a specific adsorption solution is adopted, 1ml of PBS solution is added with nanoparticles with the particle size distribution of 10-30 mg and the diameter of 10-200nm and with influenza virus antibody modification on the surface. The DNA-adsorbing particles or RNA-adsorbing particles may be any commercially available adsorption resin, such as DNA (RNA) adsorption resin produced by Shanghai Kabushiki Kaisha or Beijing Quanjin. The scheme can quickly and sensitively detect pathogenic microorganisms possibly existing in the air, utilizes the air suction and discharge device 3 to adsorb the air through negative pressure, passes through the liquid collection area of the reagent bottle 41 at a constant air flow rate per minute, enables virus particles in the air to be collected in liquid with a small volume under the action of the solution and adsorption particles in the solution, simultaneously cracks the collected microorganisms, releases microorganism DNA (RNA), and adsorbs the microorganism DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) (RNA) on the adsorption particles. Then, the particles in the liquid are collected by on-line filtration, DNA (RNA) is eluted by a commercial DNA (RNA) eluent, and then the amount of the microorganisms is detected by adopting a PCR technology, and the copy number is divided by the volume of the adsorbed air, namely, the amount of the microorganisms in the unit air is detected. The sampler in the market at present is only suitable for sampling high-concentration air microorganisms, and for viruses with lower density, due to the limitation of factors such as the retention time of air in a small volume of liquid, the micro virus particles cannot be trapped, so that the sensitivity is not high, and meanwhile, the online measurement cannot be carried out. The invention integrates sampling, extraction and detection, can respectively analyze the collected samples, and is suitable for measuring the number of different types of microorganisms in unit volume of air.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the air suction and exhaust device 3 includes an air inlet pipe 31 and an air outlet pipe 32 extending to the outside of the detection box 1, the air inlet pipe 31 and the air outlet pipe 32 are communicated, and a retention chamber 34 is provided at a connection end of the air inlet pipe 31 and the air outlet pipe 32, the retention chamber 34 is connected to an air outlet pipe 33 connected to the reagent bottle 41, and a first sealing plate 35 for sealing the air inlet pipe 31 and a second sealing plate 36 for sealing the air outlet pipe 32 are provided therein. The first sealing plate 35 and the second sealing plate 36 are slidably mounted in the retention chamber 34 and are perpendicular to each other, and the first sealing plate 35 and the second sealing plate 36 are adjusted by the same adjusting member to alternately block the intake pipe 31 and the exhaust pipe 32. Therefore, under the adjusting action of the adjusting member, the first sealing plate 35 and the second sealing plate 36 alternately block the air inlet pipe 31 and the air outlet pipe 32, so as to control the circulation state of the air inlet pipe 31 and the air outlet pipe 32 and ensure the normal operation of the air suction and exhaust device 3. When sampling work, the first shrouding 35 is adjusted to the regulating part and is slided downwards, and second shrouding 36 is towards sliding near exhaust pipe 32 direction to open outlet duct 33, shutoff exhaust pipe 32, make the sample gas can only be followed outlet duct 33 and derived, until reaching sample volume after, shutoff outlet duct 33. The adjusting part comprises a first connecting rod 37 vertically arranged on the first sealing plate 35, a second connecting rod 38 is arranged on the second sealing plate 36, the first connecting rod 37 and the second connecting rod 38 are perpendicular to each other, and wedge blocks 39 matched with each other are respectively arranged at the end parts of the first connecting rod 37 and the second connecting rod 38 close to one side. When the first connecting rod 37 is driven to slide, the second connecting rod 38 is driven to move along with the first connecting rod under the action of the inclined planes of the two wedge-shaped blocks 39, so that when the first sealing plate 35 slides, the second sealing plate 36 can slide towards the direction close to the exhaust pipe 32; when the first sealing plate 35 is slid to close the exhaust pipe 32, the second sealing plate 36 can be slid away from the exhaust pipe 32 to open the exhaust pipe 32. And this configuration reduces the space occupied by the first and second closure plates 35, 36 within the retention chamber 34 to facilitate the delivery of more sample gas. In addition, can dismantle at the inlet end of intake pipe 31 and be connected with the sampling pipe, the sampling pipe has different specifications according to the service environment of difference, and its inside is provided with sensors such as flowmeter, velocity of flow appearance, and the outside is provided with the two-dimensional code so that the dispatch is used, realizes intelligent management and control, consequently when using, can collect environmental information such as temperature, humidity, pm2.5 content through the sampling pipe and carry out preliminary after-filtration so that follow-up use.

In order to ensure that the second sealing plate 36 can smoothly and rapidly slide in the direction away from the exhaust pipe 32 when the first sealing plate 35 is driven to slide upwards, as shown in fig. 3, a tension spring 341 abutting against the sidewall of the retention chamber 34 is arranged on the side of the second sealing plate 36 away from the second connecting rod 38, so that the second sealing plate 36 can rapidly slide in the direction away from the exhaust pipe 32 under the action of the tension spring 341, and the structure is simple and the effect is obvious. The bottom of the detention chamber 34 is provided with a vertically arranged driving cylinder 342, and the output shaft of the driving cylinder 342 passes through the bottom wall of the detention chamber 34 and is fixedly connected with the end part of the first connecting rod 37. The driving air cylinder 342 is used for driving the first connecting rod 37 to slide up and down, so that the stability of the up-and-down sliding of the first sealing plate 35 is ensured; and the cylinder structure is simple relatively, only need with its drive shaft stretch into the detention room 34 can, avoid taking up more space in the detention room 34.

As shown in FIG. 2, the PCR amplification apparatus comprises a sample application plate 51, a PCR kit 52 and a PCR temperature control device 53, wherein the sample application plate 51 is connected to the PCR kit 52, and the PCR kit 52 is connected to the PCR temperature control device 53. . Liquid paraffin was added to the PCR kit to seal the reaction solution. The PCR kit of the present application is a commercially available PCR kit. In other embodiments, other amplification devices may be used to perform the detection determination.

As shown in FIG. 2, the detection device comprises an excitation light emitter 61, a fluorescence receiver 62 and a human-computer interaction system 63, wherein the excitation light emitter 61 and the fluorescence receiver 62 are disposed in a detection region of the PCR amplification device opposite to each other, and both the excitation light emitter 61 and the fluorescence receiver 62 are electrically connected to the human-computer interaction system 63. Meanwhile, the man-machine conversation system can also set related detection parameters and maintain and manage equipment. The air suction and exhaust device 3, the sampling box 4, the PCR amplification device and the detection device are all electrically connected with a central controller, and the central controller is one of a program controller, a single chip microcomputer or an industrial personal computer; the central controller also comprises one or more combinations of a Bluetooth interface, a wireless WIFI interface, an Ethernet interface, a USB interface, an RS232 serial port or an RS485 serial port. Through wired or wireless mode and host computer or mobile terminal communication, realize the remote monitoring to this device, detection personnel need not deep epidemic area alright obtain the testing result, have avoided the risk that detection personnel are infected. Meanwhile, the interfaces can communicate with other equipment such as an upper computer, a mobile phone and the like, so that the detection result can be applied by other equipment, the automatic detection device can be controlled by other equipment, and remote transmission of detection data or cloud management and remote control of the automatic detection device can be realized.

The specific working principle is as follows: setting a PCR amplification program according to the detection object and the requirement of the PCR kit, and inserting a sampling box 4; the sampling volume is set, the central controller can control the driving cylinder 342 to start, and the automatic sampling to the set volume is realized through the air suction and exhaust device 3; after standing for 2 minutes, the central controller controls the waste liquid tank 43 to be under negative pressure, so that the liquid in the reagent bottle 41 is sucked into the waste liquid tank 43, and the particles adsorbed with DNA (RNA) are stopped on the filter medium in the reagent bottle 41; the central controller controls the eluent storage container 42 to pressurize, DNA (RNA) eluent is pressed into the reagent bottle 41, DNA (RNA) adsorbed on the surface-attached particles is eluted, the eluted DNA (RNA) eluent is added into a PCR kit 52 which is added with a commercial DNA (RNA) detection sample in advance, and PCR amplification is carried out according to a program preset by the requirement of the PCR kit 52; and after the amplified sample is detected by a detection device of the detection area, outputting the result to a central controller to obtain the type information concentration of the microorganism, and transmitting the detection result to an upper computer or a mobile terminal through wired or wireless communication.

Example 2:

a method for using an air detector, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, includes the following steps:

s1, starting an air detector for online collection and automatic detection, presetting a PCR amplification program according to the requirement of the object to be detected and the corresponding PCR kit, and then inserting the PCR amplification program into the sampling box 4;

s2, setting a sampling volume, then starting the air suction and exhaust device 3, and automatically collecting the sample to the set sampling volume;

s3, standing for a set time, starting a negative pressure device, sucking the liquid in the reagent bottle 41 into the waste liquid cylinder 43, and intercepting the particles adsorbed with DNA or RNA on the filter medium of the reagent bottle 41;

s4, communicating with an eluent storage container 42, adding DNA or RNA eluent into the reagent bottle 41, and eluting the DNA or the RNA on the particles;

s5, adding the eluted DNA or RNA eluent into the PCR amplification device, and performing PCR amplification through the preset PCR amplification program;

and S6, detecting the amplified sample by a detection device, and outputting a detection result.

It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The air detector is characterized by comprising a detection box (1), wherein the top of the detection box (1) is hinged with a box cover (2) matched with the detection box, an air suction and exhaust device (3) is arranged in the detection box (1), the air suction and exhaust device (3) is connected with a sampling box (4) through a pipeline, the sampling box (4) is connected with a PCR amplification device through a pipeline, and the PCR amplification device is connected with a detection device;

the sampling box (4) comprises a reagent bottle (41), an eluent storage container (42) and a waste liquid cylinder (43), wherein the eluent storage container (42) is connected with the reagent bottle (41) through a pipeline, the waste liquid cylinder (43) is connected with the bottom of the reagent bottle (41) through a pipeline, an adsorption liquid (44) is arranged in the reagent bottle (41), and the adsorption liquid (44) consists of a microorganism lysate and adsorption particles.

2. The air detector according to claim 1, wherein the air suction and exhaust device (3) comprises an air inlet pipe (31) and an air outlet pipe (32) extending to the outside of the detection box (1), the air inlet pipe (31) and the air outlet pipe (32) are communicated, a retention chamber (34) is arranged at the connecting end of the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe, the retention chamber (34) is connected with an air outlet pipe (33) connected with the reagent bottle (41), and a first sealing plate (35) for sealing the air inlet pipe (31) and a second sealing plate (36) for sealing the air outlet pipe (32) are arranged in the retention chamber.

3. An air detector according to claim 2, wherein the first and second closure plates (35, 36) are slidably mounted in the retention chamber (34) and are arranged perpendicular to each other, and the first and second closure plates (35, 36) are adjusted by the same adjusting member to alternately block the inlet duct (31) and the outlet duct (32).

4. An air detector according to claim 3, wherein the adjusting member comprises a first connecting rod (37) vertically arranged on the first sealing plate (35), a second connecting rod (38) is arranged on the second sealing plate (36), the first connecting rod (37) and the second connecting rod (38) are perpendicular to each other, and the ends of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod close to one side are respectively provided with a wedge block (39) which is matched with each other.

5. An air detector according to claim 4 wherein the second closure plate (36) is provided with a tension spring (341) on a side remote from the second link (38) which abuts against a side wall of the retention chamber (34).

6. An air detector according to claim 4, characterized in that a vertically arranged driving cylinder (342) is mounted at the bottom of the retention chamber (34), and the output shaft of the driving cylinder (342) passes through the bottom wall of the retention chamber (34) and is fixedly connected with the end of the first connecting rod (37).

7. The air detector according to claim 1, wherein the PCR amplification device comprises a sample adding plate (51), a PCR kit (52) and a PCR temperature control device (53), the sample adding plate (51) is communicated with the PCR kit (52), and the PCR kit (52) is connected with the PCR temperature control device (53).

8. The air detector according to claim 1, wherein the detection device comprises an excitation light emitter (61), a fluorescence receiver (62), and a man-machine interaction system (63), the excitation light emitter (61) and the fluorescence receiver (62) are disposed opposite to each other in the detection region of the PCR amplification device, and both the excitation light emitter (61) and the fluorescence receiver (62) are electrically connected to the man-machine interaction system (63).

9. The air detector according to claim 1, wherein the air suction and exhaust device (3), the sampling box (4), the PCR amplification device and the detection device are electrically connected with a central controller, and the central controller is one of a program controller, a single chip microcomputer or an industrial personal computer;

the central controller also comprises one or more combinations of a Bluetooth interface, a wireless WIFI interface, an Ethernet interface, a USB interface, an RS232 serial port or an RS485 serial port.

10. An air detector using method, which is based on the air detector of claims 1-9, and comprises the following steps:

s1, starting an air detector for online collection and automatic detection, presetting a PCR amplification program according to the requirement of the object to be detected and the corresponding PCR kit, and then inserting the PCR amplification program into a sampling box (4);

s2, setting a sampling volume, then starting the air suction and exhaust device (3) and automatically collecting the sample to the set sampling volume;

s3, standing for a set time, starting a negative pressure device, sucking the liquid of the reagent bottle (41) into a waste liquid cylinder (43), and intercepting the particles adsorbed with DNA or RNA on the filter medium of the reagent bottle (41);

s4, communicating with an eluent storage container (42), adding DNA or RNA eluent into the reagent bottle (41), and eluting the DNA or the RNA on the particles;

s5, adding the eluted DNA or RNA eluent into the PCR amplification device, and performing PCR amplification through the preset PCR amplification program;

and S6, detecting the amplified sample by a detection device, and outputting a detection result.

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