CN113248339A - Foaming device of energetic microspheres for emulsion explosive and using method - Google Patents
Foaming device of energetic microspheres for emulsion explosive and using method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113248339A CN113248339A CN202010087343.1A CN202010087343A CN113248339A CN 113248339 A CN113248339 A CN 113248339A CN 202010087343 A CN202010087343 A CN 202010087343A CN 113248339 A CN113248339 A CN 113248339A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/18—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component
- C06B45/20—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an organic explosive or an organic thermic component
- C06B45/22—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an organic explosive or an organic thermic component the coating containing an organic compound
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
- C06B21/0091—Elimination of undesirable or temporary components of an intermediate or finished product, e.g. making porous or low density products, purifying, stabilising, drying; Deactivating; Reclaiming
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B25/00—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
- C06B25/04—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the nitrated compound being an aromatic
- C06B25/06—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the nitrated compound being an aromatic with two or more nitrated aromatic compounds present
- C06B25/08—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the nitrated compound being an aromatic with two or more nitrated aromatic compounds present at least one of which is nitrated toluene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B25/00—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
- C06B25/34—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being a nitrated acyclic, alicyclic or heterocyclic amine
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B27/00—Compositions containing a metal, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium or mixtures, intercompounds or hydrides thereof, and hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
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Abstract
The invention relates to a foaming device of energetic microspheres for emulsion explosives and a using method thereof, belonging to the field of energetic materials. The device consists of an inflation hole, a filling opening, a temperature sensor, a pressure gauge, a PLC (programmable logic controller), a barrel with a jacket, an oil circulation inlet, an oil circulation outlet, an electromagnetic valve, a freezing chamber and an air suction hole. Firstly, filling energetic microspheres to be foamed into a cylinder, adjusting the pressure in the cylinder and the vacuum degree and temperature of a freezing chamber, then heating the cylinder, and opening an electromagnetic valve when the internal temperature of the cylinder reaches a certain specific value, so that the energetic microspheres in the cylinder are sprayed into the freezing chamber under the action of high-pressure nitrogen. The expanding agent in the microsphere drives the polymer shell to expand outwards, and meanwhile, the softened shell is cooled and solidified to form the energetic microsphere with a hollow structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a foaming device of energetic microspheres for emulsion explosives and a using method thereof, in particular to a device for foaming energetic microspheres for emulsion explosives by utilizing instantaneous pressure difference and temperature difference and a using method thereof, belonging to the field of energetic materials.
Background
The emulsion explosive is a water-containing industrial explosive, the annual output of the emulsion explosive exceeds 250 million tons, and the emulsion explosive accounts for more than 60 percent of the total amount of the industrial explosive. The emulsion explosive has the advantages of water resistance, environmental protection, low price, safety and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of engineering blasting, mining, explosion processing and the like. The main components of the emulsion explosive are an emulsion matrix and a sensitizer, and the sensitizer is used for introducing a 'hot spot' structure into the emulsion matrix, so that the emulsion explosive has detonator sensitivity. As the emulsion matrix contains 10% of water by mass, the traditional emulsion explosive has lower explosive power and less ideal rock breaking effect. In order to improve the explosive power of emulsion explosives, researchers have improved the detonation properties of the explosives by adding energetic additives to the emulsion explosives. However, the energetic additive improves the sensitivity of the explosive while improving the power of the explosive, and the energetic additive also has the problem of denaturation failure in the emulsion explosive. In order to improve the explosive power of the emulsion explosive and not influence the safety and storage stability of the emulsion explosive, cheng yan fan and the like disclose a method for coating an energetic additive by using a thermal expansion hollow microsphere in a patent CN201810208682.3, Liu Rong and the like disclose a multi-core hollow energetic microsphere for the emulsion explosive and a preparation method thereof in a patent CN201811025047.8, the energetic hollow microsphere prepared by the two methods well solves the contradiction between the explosive power and sensitivity of the emulsion explosive, a 'hot spot' structure is introduced into the emulsion explosive by using the hollow structure of the microsphere, the energetic additive is used for improving the energy of the emulsion explosive, and the shell of the microsphere can effectively isolate the energetic additive from an emulsion matrix. However, both the two methods adopt a direct heating method, and due to the temperature gradient, the hollow microspheres containing energy are easily heated unevenly, so that the particle sizes of the microspheres are different, and the situation that part of the microspheres are unfoamed and part of the microspheres are excessively foamed to be broken often occurs; meanwhile, the heating time is difficult to be well controlled by adopting a direct heating method, the expansion effect is poor when the heating time is too short, and the shells of the microspheres are mutually adhered due to melting when the heating time is too long, so that the sensitization effect of the energy-containing microspheres in the emulsion explosive is seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and one aim of the invention is to provide a device capable of realizing foaming of energetic microspheres for emulsion explosives.
The invention also aims to provide a using method of the energetic microsphere foaming device for the emulsion explosive.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a foaming device of energetic microspheres for emulsion explosives mainly comprises the following parts: the device comprises an inflation hole, a filling opening, a temperature sensor, a pressure gauge, a PLC (programmable logic controller), a barrel with a jacket, an oil circulation inlet, an oil circulation outlet, an electromagnetic valve, a freezing chamber and an air exhaust hole.
Preferably, the energetic microsphere for the emulsion explosive to be foamed mainly consists of energetic additive, expanding agent and polymer shell, wherein the space between the energetic additive and the polymer shell is filled with the expanding agent.
Preferably, the swelling agent is one or a combination of several of azodicarbonamide, modified azodicarbonamide, p-toluenesulfonylhydrazide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, (iso) butane, (iso) pentane, (iso) hexane, (iso) heptane, (iso) octane, (iso) nonane, (iso) decane, (iso) undecane, (iso) dodecane, (iso) tridecane, chloromethane, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and the like.
Preferably, the energetic additive is TiH2Powder, MgH2Powder, Al powder, Ti powder, Mg powder, B powder, RDX particles, TNT particles and the like, and the particle size of the energy-containing additive is 0.1-50 mu m.
Preferably, the polymer monomer is one or a combination of more of acrylonitrile monomers, vinyl monomers, acrylate monomers, acrylamide monomers, fluorine-containing acrylate monomers and the like.
Preferably, the use method of the energetic microsphere foaming device for the emulsion explosive comprises the following specific steps:
st 1: firstly, filling energetic microspheres for emulsion explosives to be foamed into a barrel with a jacket through a filling opening, closing the filling opening, and then introducing nitrogen from an inflation hole to adjust the pressure in the barrel to 0.1-3 MPa;
st 2: controlling the vacuum degree in the freezing chamber to be 0.1-1 multiplied by 10 through the air exhaust hole5Pa, the temperature of which is adjusted to 0 to-30 ℃;
st 3: connecting a temperature sensor and an electromagnetic valve to a PLC (programmable logic controller), and setting the electromagnetic valve to be opened when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature is a certain specific value of 25-250 ℃;
st 4: the jacketed cylinder is heated at constant temperature through an oil bath, when the temperature detected by the temperature sensor reaches the set value of the PLC, the electromagnetic valve is opened, so that the energetic microspheres softened by heating in the cylinder are sprayed into a low-vacuum-degree freezing chamber under the action of high-pressure nitrogen, the expanding agent in the microspheres drives the polymer shell to expand outwards under the condition of pressure difference to form a hollow structure, meanwhile, the softened shell is cooled and solidified under the condition of temperature difference, the energetic microspheres with the hollow structure are finally formed, and the foaming process is completed instantly.
The invention has the beneficial effects that by adopting the technical scheme:
1. the device can accurately set the heating temperature of the energetic microspheres by using the temperature sensor, and the heating temperature is set between the decomposition temperature of the expanding agent and the melting temperature of the polymer shell, so that the decomposition of the expanding medium and the softening of the polymer shell can be ensured, and the polymer shells can be prevented from being mutually adhered due to melting.
2. The adjustable particle size of the energetic microspheres can be realized by adjusting the temperature difference and the pressure difference between the barrel body and the freezing chamber of the device, so that the energetic hollow microspheres for the emulsion explosive with different expansion rates can be prepared.
3. The device realizes instantaneous pressure difference and temperature difference environment through PLC control solenoid valve, accomplishes the inflation and the solidification process of microballon in the twinkling of an eye, has reduced the interact between the softening microballon, is showing the quality that has improved energy-containing hollow microsphere.
4. The device uses the oil bath constant temperature heating method to uniformly heat the energetic microspheres, thereby ensuring the uniformity of the grain diameter of the energetic hollow microspheres and simultaneously avoiding the rupture of partial energetic microspheres caused by uneven heating.
5. The device simple structure, low price also can play the foaming effect to the material of other similar structures, are fit for using widely by a large scale.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an unfoamed energetic microsphere, 1 in fig. 1 being a polymer shell, 2 being an expanding agent, and 3 being an energetic additive.
FIG. 2 is a foaming device of energetic microspheres for emulsion explosives, in FIG. 2, 1 is an inflation hole, 2 is a filling port, 3 is a pressure gauge, 4 is an oil circulation outlet, 5 is a temperature sensor, 6 is a barrel with a jacket, 7 is an electromagnetic valve, 8 is an oil circulation inlet, 9 is a PLC controller, 10 is a freezing chamber, and 11 is an air extraction hole.
Fig. 3 is energetic hollow microspheres after foaming of the device, 1 in fig. 3 is a polymer shell, 2 is gas generated by decomposition of an expanding agent, and 3 is an energetic additive.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way.
Example 1
By using the device to TiH2Foaming the type energetic microspheres: the energetic microsphere consists of the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of swelling agent p-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide and energy-containing additive TiH with average particle size of 18 mu m270 parts of powder and 20 parts of acrylate monomer.
The TiH2The foaming method of the energetic microspheres comprises the following specific steps:
st 1: firstly, TiH to be foamed2The energy-containing microspheres are filled into the barrel with the jacket through the filling opening, the filling opening is closed, and then nitrogen is introduced from the inflation hole to adjust the pressure in the barrel to 1.0 MPa;
st 2: controlling the vacuum degree in the freezing chamber to be 100Pa through an air exhaust hole, and adjusting the temperature to-15 ℃;
st 3: connecting a temperature sensor and an electromagnetic valve to a PLC controller, and setting the electromagnetic valve to be opened when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature is 145 ℃;
st 4: the jacketed cylinder is heated at constant temperature through an oil bath, when the temperature detected by a temperature sensor reaches 185 ℃, an electromagnetic valve is opened, so that energetic microspheres softened by heating in the cylinder are sprayed into a low-vacuum freezing chamber under the action of high-pressure nitrogen, an expanding agent in the microspheres drives a polymer shell to expand outwards to form a hollow structure under the condition of pressure difference, and meanwhile, the softened shell is cooled and solidified under the condition of temperature difference to finally form TiH with the hollow structure2Energetic microspheres with an average particle size of 86 μm.
Example 2
The device is utilized to foam Al powder type energetic microspheres: the energetic microsphere consists of the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of expanding agent dichloromethane, 75 parts of energetic additive Al powder with the average particle size of 24 mu m and 15 parts of fluorine-containing acrylate monomer.
The foaming method of the Al powder type energetic microspheres comprises the following specific steps:
st 1: firstly, filling Al powder type energetic microspheres to be foamed into a cylinder with a jacket through a filling port, closing the filling port, and then introducing nitrogen from an inflation hole to adjust the pressure inside the cylinder to 2.0 MPa;
st 2: controlling the vacuum degree in the freezing chamber to be 10kPa through an air exhaust hole, and adjusting the temperature to be 0 to-10 ℃;
st 3: connecting a temperature sensor and an electromagnetic valve to a PLC controller, and setting the electromagnetic valve to be opened when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature is 185 ℃;
st 4: the jacketed cylinder is heated at constant temperature through an oil bath, when the temperature detected by a temperature sensor reaches 185 ℃, an electromagnetic valve is opened, so that the energetic microspheres softened by heating in the cylinder are sprayed into a low-vacuum freezing chamber under the action of high-pressure nitrogen, an expanding agent in the microspheres drives a polymer shell to expand outwards to form a hollow structure under the condition of pressure difference, meanwhile, the softened shell is cooled and solidified under the condition of temperature difference, and finally, Al powder type energetic microspheres with the hollow structure are formed, wherein the average particle size of the microspheres is 108 microns.
Example 3
The device is utilized to foam Mg powder type energetic microspheres: the energetic hollow microsphere consists of the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of expansion agent isodecane, 65 parts of energy-containing additive Mg powder with the average particle size of 43 mu m and 20 parts of acrylamide monomer.
The foaming method of the Mg powder type energetic microspheres comprises the following specific steps:
st 1: firstly, filling Mg powder type energetic microspheres to be foamed into a cylinder with a jacket through a filling port, closing the filling port, and then introducing nitrogen from an inflation hole to adjust the pressure in the cylinder to 2.5 MPa;
st 2: controlling the vacuum degree in the freezing chamber to be 1.0kPa through an air exhaust hole, and adjusting the temperature to be 0 to minus 5 ℃;
st 3: connecting a temperature sensor and an electromagnetic valve to a PLC controller, and setting the electromagnetic valve to be opened when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature is 200 ℃;
st 4: the jacketed cylinder is heated at constant temperature through an oil bath, when the temperature detected by a temperature sensor reaches 200 ℃, an electromagnetic valve is opened, so that the energetic microspheres softened by heating in the cylinder are sprayed into a low-vacuum freezing chamber under the action of high-pressure nitrogen, an expanding agent in the microspheres drives a polymer shell to expand outwards to form a hollow structure under the condition of pressure difference, meanwhile, the softened shell is cooled and solidified under the condition of temperature difference, and finally the Mg powder type energetic microspheres with the hollow structure are formed, wherein the average particle size of the microspheres is 152 microns.
Claims (2)
1. A foaming device of energetic microspheres for emulsion explosives mainly comprises the following parts: the device comprises an inflation hole, a filling opening, a temperature sensor, a pressure gauge, a PLC (programmable logic controller), a barrel with a jacket, an oil circulation inlet, an oil circulation outlet, an electromagnetic valve, a freezing chamber and an air exhaust hole.
2. The use method of the energetic microsphere foaming device for emulsion explosives, which comprises the following steps:
st 1: firstly, filling energetic microspheres for emulsion explosives to be foamed into a barrel with a jacket through a filling opening, closing the filling opening, and then introducing nitrogen from an inflation hole to adjust the pressure in the barrel to 0.1-3 MPa;
st 2: controlling the vacuum degree in the freezing chamber to be 0.1-1 multiplied by 10 through the air exhaust hole5Pa, the temperature of which is adjusted to 0 to-30 ℃;
st 3: connecting a temperature sensor and an electromagnetic valve to a PLC (programmable logic controller), and setting the electromagnetic valve to be opened when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature is a certain specific value of 25-250 ℃;
st 4: the jacketed cylinder is heated at constant temperature through an oil bath, when the temperature detected by the temperature sensor reaches the set value of the PLC, the electromagnetic valve is opened, so that the energetic microspheres softened by heating in the cylinder are sprayed into a low-vacuum-degree freezing chamber under the action of high-pressure nitrogen, the expanding agent in the microspheres drives the polymer shell to expand outwards under the condition of pressure difference to form a hollow structure, meanwhile, the softened shell is cooled and solidified under the condition of temperature difference, and finally the energetic microspheres with the hollow structure are formed, so that the foaming process is completed.
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| CN202010087343.1A CN113248339A (en) | 2020-02-11 | 2020-02-11 | Foaming device of energetic microspheres for emulsion explosive and using method |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE8206733D0 (en) * | 1982-11-26 | 1982-11-26 | Kema Nord Ab | PROCEDURE FOR EXPANDING MICROSPHERE |
| CN103131040A (en) * | 2013-02-27 | 2013-06-05 | 昆明理工大学 | Hollow microsphere of polymer having non-permeable surface, and its preparation method |
| CN105263881A (en) * | 2013-06-12 | 2016-01-20 | 阿克佐诺贝尔化学国际公司 | Method and device for preparation of expanded microspheres |
| CN107257822A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2017-10-17 | 建筑研究和技术有限公司 | For the device and system for expanding expansiveness polymer microballoon |
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2020
- 2020-02-11 CN CN202010087343.1A patent/CN113248339A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE8206733D0 (en) * | 1982-11-26 | 1982-11-26 | Kema Nord Ab | PROCEDURE FOR EXPANDING MICROSPHERE |
| CN103131040A (en) * | 2013-02-27 | 2013-06-05 | 昆明理工大学 | Hollow microsphere of polymer having non-permeable surface, and its preparation method |
| CN105263881A (en) * | 2013-06-12 | 2016-01-20 | 阿克佐诺贝尔化学国际公司 | Method and device for preparation of expanded microspheres |
| CN107257822A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2017-10-17 | 建筑研究和技术有限公司 | For the device and system for expanding expansiveness polymer microballoon |
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