CN113245560B - Method for rapidly acquiring standard forming parameters of selective laser melting equipment - Google Patents
Method for rapidly acquiring standard forming parameters of selective laser melting equipment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113245560B CN113245560B CN202110616674.4A CN202110616674A CN113245560B CN 113245560 B CN113245560 B CN 113245560B CN 202110616674 A CN202110616674 A CN 202110616674A CN 113245560 B CN113245560 B CN 113245560B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- parameters
- forming
- curved surface
- forming parameters
- inclined plane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for quickly acquiring standard forming parameters of selective laser melting equipment, which comprises the following steps: s1, designing a printing model of a test workpiece, wherein the test workpiece comprises an inclined plane structure, a curved surface structure, a side through hole structure and a cantilever beam structure; s2, printing n on the substrate according to the printing model1Each test workpiece is corresponding to a group of basic forming parameters; s3, detecting each test workpiece to obtain the inclined plane structure parameter, the curved surface structure parameter, the side through hole structure parameter and the cantilever beam structure parameter corresponding to each test workpiece; and S4, obtaining standard forming parameters of the metal powder to be processed according to the inclined surface structure parameters, the curved surface structure parameters, the side through hole structure parameters and the cantilever beam structure parameters in the step S3, wherein the standard forming parameters comprise filling forming parameters, upper surface standard forming parameters and lower surface standard forming parameters. The method of the invention has the advantages of high acquisition speed and strong directivity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of selective laser melting, in particular to a method for quickly acquiring standard forming parameters of selective laser melting equipment.
Background
A Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology is one of additive manufacturing technologies, and is based on the principle of discrete slicing and superposition forming, metal powder is used as a raw material, Laser is used as an energy source, scanning is carried out according to a layered model, a substrate descends by a certain height every time a layer is scanned, and parts are formed after repeated continuous scanning.
The process parameter matching refers to a process parameter set which is applicable to different sequences of parts formed on related equipment in a certain range by using a certain material. Due to interaction and mutual restriction among a plurality of process parameters, the method belongs to a multivariable coupling system, and a certain group of process parameter combination schemes are difficult to directly select.
At present, the development of new process parameters of materials usually requires a lot of experiments to try to reduce the process parameter range gradually until an optimal process parameter is found. The process is time consuming and labor consuming and has low efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for quickly acquiring the standard forming parameters of the selective laser melting equipment, which has high acquisition speed and strong directivity.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a method for quickly acquiring standard forming parameters of selective laser melting equipment, which comprises the following steps of:
s1, designing a printing model of a test workpiece, wherein the test workpiece comprises an inclined plane structure, a curved surface structure, a side through hole structure and a cantilever beam structure;
s2, testing the metal powder to be processed to obtain multiple groups of basic forming parameters, wherein each group of basic forming parameters comprises basic laser power, basic scanning speed, basic scanning interval, basic scanning mode and basic forming layer thickness, and printing n on the substrate according to the multiple groups of basic forming parameters and the printing model1Each test workpiece is corresponding to a group of basic forming parameters;
s3, detecting each test workpiece to obtain the inclined plane structure parameter, the curved surface structure parameter, the side through hole structure parameter and the cantilever beam structure parameter corresponding to each test workpiece;
and S4, obtaining standard forming parameters of the metal powder to be processed according to the inclined surface structure parameters, the curved surface structure parameters, the side through hole structure parameters and the cantilever beam structure parameters in the step S3, wherein the standard forming parameters comprise upper surface standard forming parameters and lower surface standard forming parameters.
As an improvement of the above scheme, the inclined surface structure comprises an upper inclined surface and a lower inclined surface, the lower inclined surface is inclined towards a lower surface plane along an upper surface plane of the test workpiece, and the upper inclined surface is arranged above the lower inclined surface;
the inclined plane structure parameters comprise the roughness, the dimension error value and the forming effect of the upper inclined plane and the lower inclined plane.
As an improvement of the above scheme, the curved surface structure includes an upper curved surface and a lower curved surface, the lower right corner of the test workpiece is recessed inward to form the lower curved surface, and the upper surface plane of the test workpiece is recessed toward the lower surface plane to form the upper curved surface;
the curved surface structure parameters comprise the size error value and the forming effect of the upper curved surface and the lower curved surface.
As a modification of the above, the side via structure includes a side via penetrating the entire test workpiece along a side surface thereof;
wherein the side through hole structure parameters comprise the size error value and the forming effect of the side through hole.
As an improvement of the above scheme, the cantilever beam structure comprises a cantilever beam, the test workpiece is provided with a recessed region, the recessed region is arranged between an upper curved surface and a lower curved surface, and the structure extending outwards above the recessed region is the cantilever beam;
the cantilever beam structure parameters comprise a size error value and a forming effect of the cantilever beam.
As an improvement of the scheme, the size of the printed test workpiece is measured by the tool, and then the size error value is calculated to judge the forming effect of the test workpiece.
As a modification of the above scheme, in step S2, n is printed out on the substrate according to multiple sets of basic forming parameters and printing models1The steps of testing workpieces having the same shape include:
constructing a three-dimensional coordinate axis on a substrate;
printing a plurality of test workpieces with the same shape on a plane formed by an X axis and a Y axis of a substrate;
one or more layers of test work pieces are printed along the Z-axis of the substrate.
As an improvement of the above solution, in step S2, the step of testing the metal powder to be processed to obtain multiple sets of basic forming parameters includes:
testing the metal powder to be processed to obtain filling forming parameters, wherein the filling forming parameters comprise filling laser power, filling scanning speed, filling scanning interval, filling scanning mode and filling forming layer thickness,
according to the formula: laser energy density = filling laser power/(filling molding layer thickness × filling scanning pitch × filling scanning speed), and laser energy density is calculated;
and obtaining multiple groups of basic forming parameters according to the laser energy density.
As a modification of the above, in step S4, the step of obtaining the standard forming parameters of the metal powder to be processed includes:
s41, selecting n according to the inclined plane structure parameters, the curved surface structure parameters, the side through hole structure parameters and the cantilever beam structure parameters in the step S32The structural parameters of the inclined plane, the curved surface, the side through hole and the cantilever beam meet preset values, n2＜n1；
S42, from n2And testing the workpiece to obtain the standard forming parameters of the metal powder to be processed.
As a modification of the above, in step S4, the step of obtaining the standard forming parameters of the metal powder to be processed includes:
s41, selecting n according to the inclined plane structure parameters, the curved surface structure parameters, the side through hole structure parameters and the cantilever beam structure parameters in the step S32The structural parameters of the inclined plane, the curved surface, the side through hole and the cantilever beam meet preset values, n2＜n1；
S42, according to n2Adjusting basic forming parameters by the inclined plane structure parameters, the curved surface structure parameters, the side through hole structure parameters and the cantilever beam structure parameters corresponding to the test workpieces to obtain n3Assembling the forming parameters;
s43, printing n on the substrate according to the printing model3Each test workpiece is corresponding to a group of adjusting forming parameters;
s44, from n3Testing the workpiece to obtain standard forming parameters of the metal powder to be processed; alternatively, the steps S41 to S43 are repeated several times to obtain the standard forming parameters of the metal powder to be processed.
The implementation of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the test workpiece is a special test workpiece for the SLM process, and can be used for quickly acquiring standard forming parameters of different types of metal powder. The test workpiece is designed specifically to form certain specific structural characteristics including an inclined plane structure, a curved surface structure, a side through hole structure and a cantilever beam structure, and standard forming parameters of different types of metal powder are obtained through corresponding inclined plane structure parameters, curved surface structure parameters, side through hole structure parameters and cantilever beam structure parameters. The structural characteristics and the analysis method of the test workpiece are visual and clear, and the directivity is strong.
The invention can print a plurality of test workpieces with the same shape in the X-axis and Y-axis directions of the substrate and print a plurality of layers of test workpieces in the Z-axis direction, thus more test workpieces can be printed on the substrate with the same area, and the printing speed and the subsequent detection speed are effectively improved. Because the forming parameters corresponding to each test workpiece are different, a plurality of test workpieces are overlapped in the Z-axis direction for testing, the comprehensive analysis is more accurate, more subdivision structures and multivariate parameters can be tested each time, the test range can be quickly reduced, and the test efficiency is higher than that of the test workpieces distributed in the X-axis and the Y-axis.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the steps of the method of the present invention for rapidly acquiring standard forming parameters for a selective laser melting apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a first embodiment of a test piece of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a rear view of a first embodiment of a test piece of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of a test piece of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a front view of a second embodiment of a test piece of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a rear view of a second embodiment of a test piece of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of a test piece of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a zone division view of a single layer test piece of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph of a test workpiece in a plane defined by the X-axis and the Y-axis of the substrate according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the stacking of test pieces of the present invention along the Z-axis of the substrate.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is only noted that the invention is intended to be limited to the specific forms set forth herein, including any reference to the drawings, as well as any other specific forms of embodiments of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a method for rapidly acquiring standard forming parameters of a selective laser melting device according to the present invention, and the method for rapidly acquiring standard forming parameters of a selective laser melting device according to the present invention includes the following steps:
s1, designing a printing model of a test workpiece, wherein the test workpiece comprises an inclined plane structure, a curved surface structure, a side through hole structure and a cantilever beam structure;
the existing method is to directly print the shape of the required workpiece or print a square block, and a test workpiece special for the SLM process is not designed.
The test workpiece is a special test workpiece for the SLM process, and can be used for rapidly testing the forming parameters of different types of metal powder. The test workpiece of the invention forms some specific structural characteristics through specific design, thereby facilitating the forming test of different metal materials. The structural characteristics and the analysis method of the test workpiece are visual and clear, and the directivity is strong.
A first embodiment of the test piece of the present invention is shown in fig. 2 to 4, and the test piece includes at least an inclined plane structure, a curved surface structure, a side through hole structure, and a cantilever beam structure.
The inclined plane structure is related to an included angle formed by the test workpiece and the printing platform, different metal powder has different forming angles, and the forming angles are also related to the inclined length.
Specifically, the inclined surface structure includes an upper inclined surface 21 and a lower inclined surface 22, and the lower inclined surface 22 is inclined along the upper surface plane 11 of the test workpiece toward the lower surface plane 12.
The forming angle of the lower inclined surface 22 is divided into a reliable forming angle and a limit forming angle, and the reliable forming angle means that the formed lower inclined surface 22 is complete and has a high size error value; the limit forming angle is the angle of inclination at which the lower inclined surface 22 can be formed at the minimum at the expense of a certain surface roughness and dimensional error.
The upper inclined surface 21 is provided above the lower inclined surface 22, and the inclination angle thereof may be the same as that of the lower inclined surface or may be different from that of the lower inclined surface 22.
And the curved surface structure is related to the size of the curved surface radius of the test workpiece, and different metal powders have different forming radii.
Specifically, the curved surface structure is arranged on the opposite side of the inclined surface structure and comprises an upper curved surface 31 and a lower curved surface 32, and the upper curved surface 31 is arranged above the lower curved surface 32. The lower right corner of the test workpiece is recessed inwardly to form the lower curved surface 32, and the upper surface plane 11 of the test workpiece is recessed toward the lower surface plane 12 to form the upper curved surface 31. Preferably, a plurality of lower curved surfaces 32 are provided, and the corresponding radius of each lower curved surface 32 is different.
Specifically, the upper curved surface 31 and the lower curved surface 32 are unrelated to the cantilever beam structure, the upper curved surface 31 mainly analyzes the molding parameters of the upper surface, the lower curved surface 32 mainly analyzes the molding parameters of the lower surface, and the lower curved surfaces 32 with different radiuses are used for testing the limit molding radius.
And a side through hole structure, which is related to the diameter size of the side through hole 4, and different metal powders have different forming diameters.
Specifically, the side via structure includes a side via 4, and the side via 4 penetrates the entire test workpiece along a side surface 13 of the test workpiece.
Preferably, the side through structure further comprises a plurality of concentric circles of different diameters.
Cantilever beam structure, it is relevant to cantilever beam extension plane length, and different metal powder has different shaping length.
Specifically, the cantilever beam structure includes a cantilever beam 5, the test workpiece is provided with a recessed area 14, the recessed area 14 is arranged between an upper curved surface 31 and a lower curved surface 32, and the structure extending outwards above the recessed area 14 is the cantilever beam 5.
A second embodiment of the test piece of the present invention is shown in fig. 5 to 7, and differs from the first embodiment in that the lower right corner of the test piece of the second embodiment is convex outward to form the lower curved surface 32.
Specifically, for the entire test workpiece or part, the upper surface refers to the surface onto which the top view of the test workpiece (or printed part) is projected; the lower surface is the surface onto which the bottom view of the test workpiece (or printed part) is projected; the side surface refers to a surface onto which front, back, left, and right views of a test workpiece (or printed part) are projected.
It should be noted that the test workpiece of the present invention can be divided into multiple layers of forming areas in the Z-axis direction, as shown in fig. 8, each layer of forming area includes an upper surface area 101, a lower surface area 102, a filling area 103, and a supporting area 104. Wherein, each area relates to five process parameters of laser power, scanning speed, scanning interval, scanning mode and forming thickness.
The upper curved surface, the upper inclined surface, the upper surface at the bottom of the side through hole and the upper surface plane correspond to the upper surface area; the lower surface, the lower curved surface, the lower inclined surface and the lower surface of the top of the side through hole of the cantilever beam correspond to the lower surface area; the side surface corresponds to the filling region.
S2, testing the metal powder to be processed to obtain multiple groups of basic forming parameters, wherein each group of basic forming parametersThe shape parameters comprise basic laser power, basic scanning speed, basic scanning interval, basic scanning mode and basic forming layer thickness, and n is printed on the substrate according to multiple groups of basic forming parameters and printing models1Each test workpiece is corresponding to a group of basic forming parameters;
specifically, the step of testing the metal powder to be processed to obtain multiple groups of basic forming parameters comprises:
testing metal powder to be processed to obtain filling forming parameters, wherein the filling forming parameters comprise filling laser power, filling scanning speed, filling scanning interval, filling scanning mode and filling forming layer thickness, and according to a formula: laser energy density = filling laser power/(filling molding layer thickness × filling scanning pitch × filling scanning speed), and laser energy density is calculated; and obtaining multiple groups of basic forming parameters according to the laser energy density.
It should be noted that, the metal powder to be processed is tested to obtain filling forming parameters, where the filling forming parameters include filling laser power, filling scanning speed, filling scanning interval, filling scanning mode and filling forming layer thickness, this step is the prior art, and the existing equipment can directly detect the metal powder to obtain the filling forming parameters, which is not limited in the present invention.
Specifically, each group of basic forming parameters comprises basic laser power, basic scanning speed, basic scanning interval, basic scanning mode and basic forming layer thickness.
The basic forming parameters are divided into upper surface basic forming parameters and lower surface basic forming parameters. The upper surface foundation forming parameter package comprises an upper surface foundation, an upper surface foundation forming layer thickness, an upper surface foundation scanning speed, an upper surface foundation scanning interval, an upper surface foundation scanning mode and an upper surface foundation forming layer thickness; the lower surface foundation forming parameters comprise lower surface foundation laser power, lower surface foundation scanning speed, lower surface foundation scanning interval, lower surface foundation scanning mode and lower surface foundation forming layer thickness.
According to the formula: laser energy density = filling laser power/(filling molding layer thickness × filling scanning pitch × filling scanning speed), unit: j/mm carrying out thin film crop harvest, and calculating filling energy density; and obtaining the upper surface basic forming parameters and the lower surface basic forming parameters according to the principle that the upper surface energy density is relatively higher (than the filling energy density) and the lower surface energy density is relatively lower (than the filling energy density).
For example: the parameters of the filling and forming of the maraging steel powder obtained by the test are as follows: the printing thickness (forming layer thickness) of each layer is 40 μm, the scanning mode is strip scanning, the laser power is 275W, the scanning speed is 960mm/s, and the scanning interval is 0.11 mm; according to the formula: laser energy density = filling laser power/(filling forming layer thickness × filling scanning pitch × filling scanning speed), filling laser energy density = 275/(40 × 0.11 × 960) =0.065, then, based on the principle that the upper surface energy density is relatively higher (than filling energy density) and the lower surface energy density is relatively lower (than filling energy density), if the upper surface energy density is greater than the filling laser energy density of 0.065, 0.066, 0.067, 0.070 … … can be selected as the upper surface energy density, and then, based on the formula laser energy density = upper surface laser power/(upper surface forming layer thickness × upper surface scanning pitch × upper surface scanning speed), the scanning pitch of the upper surface is calculated to be 0.1mm, the scanning speed is 450mm/s, and the laser power is 145W … …, thereby obtaining a plurality of sets of basic forming parameters of maraging steel powder, as shown in tables 1 and 2.
Wherein 1-1-1, 1-1-2 and 1-1-3 … … in parentheses of the table are numbers corresponding to test workpieces.
The metal powder to be processed is selected from the group consisting of commercially available titanium alloys, aluminum alloys, superalloy powder materials, and newly developed other alloy powder materials that can be processed using selective laser melting techniques.
Specifically, referring to fig. 9 and 10, in step S2, n is printed out on the substrate 7 according to multiple sets of basic forming parameters and printing models1The steps of testing workpieces 6 of identical shape include:
constructing a three-dimensional coordinate axis on a substrate;
printing a plurality of test workpieces 6 with the same shape on a plane formed by an X axis and a Y axis of a substrate 7;
one or more layers of test workpieces 6 are printed along the Z-axis of the substrate 7.
According to the invention, a plurality of layers of test workpieces are printed along the Z-axis direction of the substrate, so that more test workpieces can be printed on the substrate with the same area, and the printing speed and the subsequent detection speed are effectively improved. Because the forming parameters corresponding to each test workpiece are different, a plurality of test workpieces are overlapped in the Z-axis direction for testing, the comprehensive analysis is more accurate, more subdivision structures and multivariate parameters can be tested each time, the test range can be quickly reduced, and the test efficiency is higher than that of the test workpieces distributed in the X-axis and the Y-axis.
S3, detecting each test workpiece to obtain the inclined plane structure parameter, the curved surface structure parameter, the side through hole structure parameter and the cantilever beam structure parameter corresponding to each test workpiece;
(1) analysis of inclined plane structure
The inclined plane structure parameters comprise the roughness, the dimension error value and the forming effect of the upper inclined plane and the lower inclined plane.
Specifically, an angle measuring instrument is adopted to measure whether the actual forming angle of the inclined plane of the test workpiece is consistent with a preset forming angle or not, so that the size error value of the upper inclined plane and the lower inclined plane is calculated; the forming effect of the test workpiece is judged by a tool or a person. Wherein the dimension error value = (measured dimension of printed test workpiece-design dimension of test workpiece)/design dimension of test workpiece. The roughness of the upper and lower inclined surfaces was measured by a roughness measuring instrument.
(1.1) the upper slope forming effect includes a surface effect, a melting tear mark, and a striation step mark. The heavier the melting tear mark effect represents that the laser energy density is higher, and the upper surface energy density can be reduced and the melting tear mark can be reduced by reducing the laser power, improving the scanning speed, increasing the scanning interval, reducing the thickness of a forming layer or reducing the scanning times. However, the laser energy density on the upper surface is not too low, and the lower laser energy density can cause obvious striation step marks. The smaller the inclination angle, the more obvious the striation step trace, so the inclination angle can be given for less, and the test effect can be more obvious.
In addition to the energy density, the scanning mode also has an effect on the shaping effect of the upper inclined surface. Specifically, the scanning method affects the surface effect (overall appearance, uniformity of metal color) of the inclined surface on the molding. The scanning modes are different, and the scanning filling patterns of the upper surface area corresponding to the upper inclined surface are different. In most cases, plane filling is selected, and sectional scanning filling is not selected, so that the printing effect of the upper surface area corresponding to the upper inclined surface is more complete and the surface is more uniform. Compared with other sectional scanning modes, the large-plane scanning mode has the advantage that the surface of the tested workpiece is more complete. The upper surface profile scanning parameters corresponding to the upper inclined surface influence the boundary display effect, the profile energy density is too high, the melting tear marks and the striation step marks can be increased, and the profile energy density is low, so that the side lines are not sharp. The area conversion value also has an influence, and the area conversion means that the scan area is converted from the fill area to the upper surface area corresponding to the upper inclined surface when the inclination angle or the extension length per layer reaches a certain value.
The main forming parameters influencing the effect of the upper inclined surface are the main forming parameters, and the upper surface forming parameters with consistent size, smaller roughness value and better surface forming effect are comprehensively and preferably selected after the test. Different materials have different testing parameters, but through testing, the upper surface energy density is generally optimized to be properly increased on the filled energy density, and a better upper inclined surface effect can be obtained.
The upper surface roughness is also an important reference value of the quality of the upper inclined surface, the lower the roughness value is, the better the effect of the upper inclined surface is represented, and the smaller the inclination angle is, the higher the roughness value is.
(1.2) the lower inclined plane is difficult to form by SLM metal, the forming effect is influenced by gravity, deep penetration of laser, heat conduction and the like, the forming effect of the lower inclined plane with small inclination angle and inclined extension length can be deviated, and serious printing defects and even printing failure can be caused.
The forming effect of the lower inclined plane is mainly observed on the surface integrity and the surface color. If the lower inclined surface collapses or clings to slag, the energy density is too high; if a defect occurs, the energy density is low or the forming angle exceeds the limit. The lower inclined plane lacks metal color after sintering, the color is dark and deep, which indicates that the sintering is incomplete or the inclination angle is small, the color can be deep and even change color after the inclination angle is small and exceeds the limit forming angle, and the better lower surface forming parameter forming color can be light with metal color.
In addition to energy density, the scanning mode also has an effect, and the surface of the test workpiece is more complete in the large plane scanning mode than in other segmented scanning modes. The area conversion value also has an influence, and the area conversion means that the scan area is converted from the fill area to the lower surface area corresponding to the lower inclined surface when the inclination angle or the extension length per layer reaches a certain value.
The above are the main forming parameters influencing the effect of the lower inclined surface, and the lower surface forming parameters with consistent size, smaller roughness value and better surface forming effect are comprehensively and preferably selected after the test. Different materials have different testing parameters, but through testing, the lower surface energy density is generally reduced properly on the filled energy density, and a better lower inclined surface effect can be obtained.
The lower inclined surface roughness is also an important reference value of the quality of the lower inclined surface, the lower the roughness value is, the better the lower inclined surface effect is represented, and the smaller the inclined angle is, the higher the roughness value is.
2. Analysis of curved surface structure
The curved surface structure parameters comprise the size error value and the forming effect of the upper curved surface and the lower curved surface.
Specifically, a radius gauge is adopted to measure whether the forming radius of the test workpiece is consistent with a preset forming radius, and the forming effect of the test workpiece is judged through tools or manual work.
(2.1) the upper curved surface is mainly used for observing a melting tear mark and a striation step mark, the detection standard is consistent with that of the upper inclined surface, and finally, the upper surface forming parameters with consistent size and better surface forming effect are comprehensively selected.
(2.2) the lower curved surface is mainly observed for forming defects and color formation, the detection standard is consistent with that of the lower inclined surface, if the defects or the color formation is dark, the energy density is low and the forming is insufficient or exceeds the limit forming radius, and finally, the lower surface forming parameters with consistent size and better surface forming effect are comprehensively preferred.
3. Side via structure analysis
The side through hole structure parameters comprise the size error value and the forming effect of the side through hole.
Specifically, a tool (such as a vernier caliper or an internal caliper) is used for measuring the error between the forming diameter of the test workpiece and a preset forming diameter, and the forming effect of the test workpiece is judged by the tool or a person. The diameter error in the transverse and longitudinal directions is mainly measured, the diameter error is generally influenced by the defects of the lower surface, the size error in the longitudinal (Z axis) direction is large, and the precision is better if the deviation of the transverse and longitudinal sizes is within 1 percent. The roundness of the round hole is observed and measured, and a forming parameter with better roundness is preferred.
The surface effect is mainly observed on the forming defect and color of the lower surface, and a large number of test results show that the lower surface area can be warped, collapsed, damaged or slag-attached due to the over-high or over-low energy density of laser, and the over-high energy density of laser is caused by the deep penetration of laser, such that the collapse, slag-attachment or serious warping can be caused; too low energy density often appears as defects or warpage, resulting in printing defects due to the shallow penetration of the laser. Wherein the degree of collapse is also affected by the properties of the forming material, for example, the surface collapse is more pronounced in maraging steel forming. Besides defects, the metal color of the sintered lower surface area is also an important reference, the color is uniform and better, if the color is deep and even changes color, which indicates that the energy density is too high or exceeds the forming diameter limit, the forming color of the better lower surface forming parameter is lighter with the metal color. And finally, the optimal forming parameters with consistent size and better surface forming effect are synthesized.
4. Cantilever beam structure analysis
The cantilever beam structure parameters comprise the size error value and the forming effect of the cantilever beam.
Specifically, the forming effect of the test workpiece is judged by a tool or manually by pulling the difference between the extension dimension and the longitudinal (Z-axis) thickness of the cantilever structure and the preset extension dimension and the longitudinal (Z-axis) thickness by using the tool (such as a vernier caliper). The thickness error in the longitudinal direction is mainly measured because of the influence of the defects of the lower surface, the accuracy is better if the longitudinal size deviation is within 10%, and the accuracy is better if the extension size deviation is within 1%.
S4, obtaining standard forming parameters of the metal powder to be processed according to the inclined surface structure parameters, the curved surface structure parameters, the side through hole structure parameters and the cantilever beam structure parameters in the step S3, wherein the standard forming parameters comprise filling forming parameters, upper surface standard forming parameters and lower surface standard forming parameters;
specifically, in step S4, the step of obtaining the standard forming parameters of the metal powder to be processed includes:
s41, selecting n according to the inclined plane structure parameters, the curved surface structure parameters, the side through hole structure parameters and the cantilever beam structure parameters in the step S32The structural parameters of the inclined plane, the curved surface, the side through hole and the cantilever beam meet preset values, n2＜n1；
S42, from n2And testing the workpiece to obtain the standard forming parameters of the metal powder to be processed.
For example: in table 1, the roughness and the dimensional error of the upper inclined surface, the dimensional error and the forming effect of the upper curved surface, the structural parameters of the side through hole, and the structural parameters of the cantilever beam of 6 test workpieces 1-1-2, 1-2-2, 1-3-3, 2-1-1, 2-2-3, and 3-3-1 all meet preset values, and then the test workpiece with the smallest roughness and the smallest dimensional error of the upper inclined surface is selected as a standard test workpiece (for example, 2-2-3), and then the standard forming parameters of the upper surface of the standard test workpiece (2-2-3) are as follows: the laser power 165W, the scanning speed 500mm/s, the scanning interval 0.11mm, the forming thickness 40 μm, and the scanning method is strip scanning.
For example: in table 2, the lower inclined plane roughness and the dimensional error value of 6 test workpieces 1-1-3, 2-1-2, 2-2-3, 3-1-1, 3-2-2, and 3-2-3, the dimensional error value and the forming effect of the lower curved surface, the side through hole structure parameter, and the cantilever beam structure parameter all meet preset values, and then the test workpiece with the smallest lower inclined plane roughness and the smallest dimensional error value is selected as a standard test workpiece (e.g., 2-1-2), and then the standard forming parameters of the lower surface of the standard test workpiece (2-1-2) are as follows: the laser power 145W, the scanning speed 750mm/s, the scanning interval 0.11mm, the forming thickness 40 μm, and the scanning method is strip scanning.
Specifically, in step S4, the step of obtaining the standard forming parameters of the metal powder to be processed includes:
s41, selecting n according to the inclined plane structure parameters, the curved surface structure parameters, the side through hole structure parameters and the cantilever beam structure parameters in the step S32The structural parameters of the inclined plane, the curved surface, the side through hole and the cantilever beam meet preset values, n2＜n1；
S42, according to n2Adjusting basic forming parameters by the inclined plane structure parameters, the curved surface structure parameters, the side through hole structure parameters and the cantilever beam structure parameters corresponding to the test workpieces to obtain n3Assembling the forming parameters;
s43, printing n on the substrate according to the printing model3Each test workpiece is corresponding to a group of adjusting forming parameters;
s44, from n3Testing the workpiece to obtain standard forming parameters of the metal powder to be processed; alternatively, the steps S41 to S43 are repeated several times to obtain the standard forming parameters of the metal powder to be processed.
For example: in table 1, the roughness and the dimension error value of the upper inclined surface, the dimension error value and the forming effect of the upper curved surface, the structural parameter of the side through hole, and the structural parameter of the cantilever beam of 6 test workpieces 1-1-2, 1-2-2, 1-3-3, 2-1-1, 2-2-3, and 3-3-1 are all close to the preset values, and then the laser power, the scanning speed, and the scanning interval are adjusted according to the roughness and the dimension error value of the upper inclined surface, the dimension error value and the forming effect of the upper curved surface, the structural parameter of the side through hole, and the structural parameter of the cantilever beam.
For example: 1-1-2 the melting tear mark effect of the inclined surface on the test workpiece is heavy, and the laser power is reduced to 140W, so that new adjusting forming parameters are obtained.
While the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiment, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for rapidly acquiring standard forming parameters of selective laser melting equipment is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, designing a printing model of a test workpiece, wherein the test workpiece comprises an inclined plane structure, a curved surface structure, a side through hole structure and a cantilever beam structure;
s2, testing the metal powder to be processed to obtain multiple groups of basic forming parameters, wherein each group of basic forming parameters comprises basic laser power, basic scanning speed, basic scanning interval, basic scanning mode and basic forming layer thickness, and printing n on the substrate according to the multiple groups of basic forming parameters and the printing model1Each test workpiece is corresponding to a group of basic forming parameters;
s3, detecting each test workpiece to obtain the inclined plane structure parameter, the curved surface structure parameter, the side through hole structure parameter and the cantilever beam structure parameter corresponding to each test workpiece;
and S4, obtaining standard forming parameters of the metal powder to be processed according to the inclined surface structure parameters, the curved surface structure parameters, the side through hole structure parameters and the cantilever beam structure parameters in the step S3, wherein the standard forming parameters comprise upper surface standard forming parameters and lower surface standard forming parameters.
2. The method for rapidly acquiring the standard forming parameters of the selective laser melting equipment according to claim 1, wherein the inclined plane structure comprises an upper inclined plane and a lower inclined plane, the lower inclined plane is inclined towards a lower surface plane along an upper surface plane of the test workpiece, and the upper inclined plane is arranged above the lower inclined plane;
the inclined plane structure parameters comprise the roughness, the dimension error value and the forming effect of the upper inclined plane and the lower inclined plane.
3. The method for rapidly acquiring the standard forming parameters of the selected area laser melting equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the curved surface structure comprises an upper curved surface and a lower curved surface, the lower right corner of the test workpiece is recessed inwards to form the lower curved surface, and the upper surface plane of the test workpiece is recessed towards the lower surface plane to form the upper curved surface;
the curved surface structure parameters comprise the size error value and the forming effect of the upper curved surface and the lower curved surface.
4. The method for rapidly acquiring the standard forming parameters of the selective laser melting equipment according to claim 1, wherein the side through hole structure comprises a side through hole which penetrates through the whole test workpiece along the side surface of the test workpiece;
wherein the side through hole structure parameters comprise the size error value and the forming effect of the side through hole.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the cantilever structure comprises a cantilever beam, the test workpiece has a recessed region between an upper curved surface and a lower curved surface, and the outwardly extending structure above the recessed region is the cantilever beam;
the cantilever beam structure parameters comprise a size error value and a forming effect of the cantilever beam.
6. The method for rapidly acquiring the standard forming parameters of the selective laser melting equipment according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the size of the printed test workpiece is measured by a tool, and then the size error value is calculated to judge the forming effect of the test workpiece.
7. The method for rapidly acquiring the standard forming parameters of the selective laser melting equipment according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, n is printed on the substrate according to multiple sets of basic forming parameters and printing models1The steps of testing workpieces having the same shape include:
constructing a three-dimensional coordinate axis on a substrate;
printing a plurality of test workpieces with the same shape on a plane formed by an X axis and a Y axis of a substrate;
one or more layers of test work pieces are printed along the Z-axis of the substrate.
8. The method for rapidly acquiring the standard forming parameters of the selective laser melting equipment according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the step of testing the metal powder to be processed to obtain a plurality of sets of basic forming parameters comprises:
testing the metal powder to be processed to obtain filling forming parameters, wherein the filling forming parameters comprise filling laser power, filling scanning speed, filling scanning interval, filling scanning mode and filling forming layer thickness,
according to the formula: laser energy density = filling laser power/(filling molding layer thickness × filling scanning pitch × filling scanning speed), and laser energy density is calculated;
and obtaining multiple groups of basic forming parameters according to the laser energy density.
9. The method for rapidly acquiring the standard forming parameters of the selective laser melting equipment according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the step of acquiring the standard forming parameters of the metal powder to be processed comprises the following steps:
s41, according to the inclined plane structure parameters, the curved surface structure parameters and the side through hole junctions in the step S3Selecting n as structural parameters and cantilever beam structural parameters2The structural parameters of the inclined plane, the curved surface, the side through hole and the cantilever beam meet preset values, n2＜n1；
S42, from n2And testing the workpiece to obtain the standard forming parameters of the metal powder to be processed.
10. The method for rapidly acquiring the standard forming parameters of the selective laser melting equipment according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the step of acquiring the standard forming parameters of the metal powder to be processed comprises the following steps:
s41, selecting n according to the inclined plane structure parameters, the curved surface structure parameters, the side through hole structure parameters and the cantilever beam structure parameters in the step S32The structural parameters of the inclined plane, the curved surface, the side through hole and the cantilever beam meet preset values, n2＜n1；
S42, according to n2Adjusting basic forming parameters by the inclined plane structure parameters, the curved surface structure parameters, the side through hole structure parameters and the cantilever beam structure parameters corresponding to the test workpieces to obtain n3Assembling the forming parameters;
s43, printing n on the substrate according to the printing model3Each test workpiece is corresponding to a group of adjusting forming parameters;
s44, from n3Testing the workpiece to obtain standard forming parameters of the metal powder to be processed; alternatively, the steps S41 to S43 are repeated several times to obtain the standard forming parameters of the metal powder to be processed.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110616674.4A CN113245560B (en) | 2021-06-03 | 2021-06-03 | Method for rapidly acquiring standard forming parameters of selective laser melting equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110616674.4A CN113245560B (en) | 2021-06-03 | 2021-06-03 | Method for rapidly acquiring standard forming parameters of selective laser melting equipment |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113245560A CN113245560A (en) | 2021-08-13 |
| CN113245560B true CN113245560B (en) | 2021-09-28 |
Family
ID=77186149
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110616674.4A Active CN113245560B (en) | 2021-06-03 | 2021-06-03 | Method for rapidly acquiring standard forming parameters of selective laser melting equipment |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN113245560B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114111613B (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2024-05-07 | 北京德普润新材料科技有限公司 | Method for measuring electron beam spot deformation of electron beam selective melting technology |
| CN115256938A (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-11-01 | 苏州铼新三维科技有限公司 | Ideal radiation parameter testing method, system, 3D printing method and printing equipment |
| CN115533115B (en) * | 2022-09-13 | 2024-04-12 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Part forming method and device, storage medium and electronic equipment |
Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1864906A (en) * | 2005-02-25 | 2006-11-22 | 斯奈克玛 | Method of repairing an integrally bladed rotor disc, test piece for the beginning and the end of the procedure |
| CN1903494A (en) * | 2005-07-29 | 2007-01-31 | 斯奈克玛 | Method for repairing a blade of a one-piece bladed disc of aturbine engine and a test piece for implementing the method |
| CN201421415Y (en) * | 2009-05-22 | 2010-03-10 | 苏州禾盛新型材料股份有限公司 | Plastic sample die for forming welding mark |
| CN101842222A (en) * | 2008-05-21 | 2010-09-22 | Eos有限公司电镀光纤*** | Make the method and apparatus of three-dimensional body by the dusty material layering |
| CN102056705A (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2011-05-11 | 伊雷克托科学工业股份有限公司 | Automatic recipe management for laser processing workpiece |
| CN105033255A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-11-11 | 南京航空航天大学 | Method for directly obtaining martensite die steel through laser 3D printing technology |
| CN106583927A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-04-26 | 苏州大学 | Laser-arc hybrid welding on-line monitoring method |
| CN107297897A (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2017-10-27 | 湖南华曙高科技有限责任公司 | The equipment and temperature field adjusting method of a kind of Layered manufacturing three-dimensional body |
| CN110238396A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-09-17 | 北京航天控制仪器研究所 | A kind of metal material colour molding machine and method |
| CN111867754A (en) * | 2018-02-20 | 2020-10-30 | Slm方案集团股份公司 | Method for aligning a multi-beam illumination system |
| CN111876829A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-11-03 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Optimization method for technological parameters of pulse laser 3D printing of single crystal superalloy |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9886526B2 (en) * | 2012-10-11 | 2018-02-06 | University Of Southern California | 3D printing shrinkage compensation using radial and angular layer perimeter point information |
-
2021
- 2021-06-03 CN CN202110616674.4A patent/CN113245560B/en active Active
Patent Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1864906A (en) * | 2005-02-25 | 2006-11-22 | 斯奈克玛 | Method of repairing an integrally bladed rotor disc, test piece for the beginning and the end of the procedure |
| CN1903494A (en) * | 2005-07-29 | 2007-01-31 | 斯奈克玛 | Method for repairing a blade of a one-piece bladed disc of aturbine engine and a test piece for implementing the method |
| CN101842222A (en) * | 2008-05-21 | 2010-09-22 | Eos有限公司电镀光纤*** | Make the method and apparatus of three-dimensional body by the dusty material layering |
| CN102056705A (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2011-05-11 | 伊雷克托科学工业股份有限公司 | Automatic recipe management for laser processing workpiece |
| CN201421415Y (en) * | 2009-05-22 | 2010-03-10 | 苏州禾盛新型材料股份有限公司 | Plastic sample die for forming welding mark |
| CN105033255A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-11-11 | 南京航空航天大学 | Method for directly obtaining martensite die steel through laser 3D printing technology |
| CN106583927A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-04-26 | 苏州大学 | Laser-arc hybrid welding on-line monitoring method |
| CN107297897A (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2017-10-27 | 湖南华曙高科技有限责任公司 | The equipment and temperature field adjusting method of a kind of Layered manufacturing three-dimensional body |
| CN111867754A (en) * | 2018-02-20 | 2020-10-30 | Slm方案集团股份公司 | Method for aligning a multi-beam illumination system |
| CN110238396A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-09-17 | 北京航天控制仪器研究所 | A kind of metal material colour molding machine and method |
| CN111876829A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-11-03 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Optimization method for technological parameters of pulse laser 3D printing of single crystal superalloy |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 国外增材制造技术标准分析;景绿路;《航空标准化与质量》;20130815(第04期);第44-56页 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN113245560A (en) | 2021-08-13 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN113245560B (en) | Method for rapidly acquiring standard forming parameters of selective laser melting equipment | |
| CN113240674B (en) | Coplanarity detection method based on three-dimensional point cloud and two-dimensional image fusion | |
| CN108559995B (en) | A kind of method of laser cladding technological parameter optimization in plane | |
| Klingaa et al. | Roughness investigation of SLM manufactured conformal cooling channels using X-ray computed tomography | |
| CN113450379B (en) | Method and device for extracting and analyzing profile line of section of special-shaped workpiece | |
| Brøtan | A new method for determining and improving the accuracy of a powder bed additive manufacturing machine | |
| KR101902739B1 (en) | Press die manufacturing method for producing body panel of vehicles | |
| US20210039323A1 (en) | Verification of additive manufacturing processes | |
| CN111721255A (en) | Flatness detection method and system | |
| Weaver et al. | Quantifying accuracy of a concept laser metal additive machine through the NIST test artifact | |
| EP4245440A1 (en) | Method for optimizing process parameters of an additive manufacturing process | |
| CN114111613B (en) | Method for measuring electron beam spot deformation of electron beam selective melting technology | |
| CN212806936U (en) | Welding bead detection device | |
| Sağbaş | Effect of orientation angle on surface quality and dimensional accuracy of functional parts manufactured by multi jet fusion technology | |
| CN108733950A (en) | A kind of linear measurement control method of more curved surface twisted shape head towers | |
| CN114862816A (en) | Glitch detection method, system, and computer-readable storage medium | |
| Kauffmann et al. | Integrated design and dimensional compliance of Bound Powder Extrusion technology: A case study of an aircraft engine bracket | |
| Weaver et al. | Quantifying accuracy of metal additive processes through a standardized test artifact | |
| Keller et al. | Parameters influencing the precision of SLM production | |
| CN110045012B (en) | Eddy current detection test block with closed artificial defects inside, and processing method and using method thereof | |
| Rekas et al. | Gapi nski | |
| Bréhier et al. | Revisiting the influence of the scanning speed on surface topography and microstructure of IN718 thin walls in directed energy deposition additive manufacturing | |
| Chandrabalan et al. | Investigation on precision of laser powder bed fusion process using statistical process control | |
| CN113857698B (en) | Pulse laser drilling positioning calibration method | |
| Zhang et al. | Surface roughness measurement of additive manufactured parts using focus variation microscopy and structured light system |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |