CN113243206B - Seedling dividing method using pneumatic type seedling divider for hybrid rice seed production machinery - Google Patents
Seedling dividing method using pneumatic type seedling divider for hybrid rice seed production machinery Download PDFInfo
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- CN113243206B CN113243206B CN202110499101.8A CN202110499101A CN113243206B CN 113243206 B CN113243206 B CN 113243206B CN 202110499101 A CN202110499101 A CN 202110499101A CN 113243206 B CN113243206 B CN 113243206B
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009418 agronomic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010153 self-pollination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D63/00—Outside dividers
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- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a pneumatic divider for hybrid rice seed production machinery and a dividing method thereof, comprising a guide section, a transition section and a dividing section which jointly form a rigid structure; the working end of the guide section is a tapered smooth structure for being inserted between the bottoms of the male parent plant and the female parent plant, and the connecting end is connected with the seedling dividing section through the transition section in a smooth transition way; the seedling dividing section is an upward inclined hollow straight pipe, and the upper part of the seedling dividing section is uniformly provided with a plurality of flow guide pipes extending inwards; one end of the guide pipe is communicated with the hollow inner cavity of the seedling dividing section, and the other end of the guide pipe is communicated with the outside; a mixed flow pipe for introducing gas is coaxially fixed in the dividing section; the air inlet end of the mixed flow pipe is externally connected with an air inlet pipe used for connecting an air blower, and a plurality of airflow holes are uniformly formed in the bottom of the mixed flow pipe. The invention realizes the complete separation of the male parent and the female parent without damage and flexibility, avoids the damage of pollination machinery to the plants and the influence of the wrong harvesting of the male parent ear on the seed purity by a seed harvester, and improves the quality of seed production, pollination and harvesting operation of the hybrid rice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a divider for field operation of agricultural machinery, in particular to a pneumatic divider for hybrid rice seed production machinery and a dividing method thereof, belonging to the field of agricultural machinery.
Background
The hybrid rice makes outstanding contribution to solving the grain problem. Hybrid rice seeds are basic substances for the production of the hybrid rice seeds, but the hybrid rice is non-strict self-pollination crops, and the natural hybridization rate is extremely low, so the seeds must be produced year by year so as to provide excellent seeds for the production of the hybrid rice. At present, male parents and female parents of hybrid rice seed production are usually planted at intervals by adopting an agronomic ratio of 2: 6-8, a 6: 24-30 planting agriculture which is suitable for mechanized pollination is also tried, in hybrid rice seed production, plants in a pollination period and a harvesting period are higher, a part of the adjacent male parents and female parents are interweaved and grown, when mechanical pollination is carried out, wheels of a machine travel between the male parents and the female parents, an existing field pollination travelling wheel is only provided with a very simple triangular frame type divider, the interweaved male parents and female parents cannot be separated, the plants are forced to be directly damaged, even tires directly roll the plants between the male parents and the female parents, and the quantity of the male parents and the female parents at the later stage is directly influenced, so that the pollen quantity and the yield of the seed production are influenced.
After pollination is finished, the plant height of the male parent is about 30cm higher than that of the female parent, the male parent is generally harvested immediately to reduce the influence of the male parent on the growth of the female parent, the seeds of the female parent are harvested respectively when the seeds of the female parent are mature, the male parent and the female parent can only be harvested respectively no matter the male parent is harvested in advance or the female parent is harvested after maturation, the female parent and the male parent are required to be completely separated during harvesting, and if the female parent is harvested firstly, the influence on the seed purity caused by the fact that the ears of the male parent are mixed into the harvested female parent is mainly avoided, so that the seed quality is seriously influenced; if the male parent is harvested firstly, the harvesting of the ears of the female parent of the adjacent male parent is mainly avoided, so that the yield of seeds is influenced, and only the bottom of a plant of a separator of the existing harvester is provided with a conical divider, the male parent and the female parent which are mutually interwoven are directly harvested during harvesting, so that the requirements of seed production are not met; because there is no divider which can separate the male parent and the female parent completely, the male parent can be harvested manually only before harvesting, the labor intensity is extremely high and the harvesting can not be completed in time, which affects the seed harvesting.
Therefore, the pollination equipment for hybrid rice seed production and the field operation of the harvesting machine both need a divider capable of thoroughly separating the male parent and the female parent without damage, and the part is one of the key technical problems of the pollination and harvesting equipment for hybrid rice seed production. The research of a non-destructive separation divider gradually separates the adjacent male parent and female parent plants from bottom to top, avoids the damage and the mis-harvest to the male parent and the female parent in the separation process, and is the key of the whole research and development and the reliable work of the hybrid rice seed production pollination and harvesting equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects that the yield of rice seeds is influenced and the like because adjacent male parents and female parents are mutually interwoven in the operation process of hybrid rice seed production pollination machinery and a male parent harvester, a simple divider cannot be flexibly and well separated and causes large mechanical damage to the male parents and the female parents, and the like.
The invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
on one hand, the invention provides a pneumatic type divider for hybrid rice seed production machinery, which comprises a guide section, a transition section and a dividing section which are connected in sequence and jointly form a rigid structure;
the guide section comprises a working end and a connecting end; the working end is a tapered smooth structure used for being inserted between the bottoms of the male parent plant and the female parent plant, and the connecting end is connected with the seedling dividing section through a transition section in a smooth transition manner; the seedling dividing section is an upward inclined hollow straight pipe, and the upper part of the seedling dividing section is uniformly provided with a plurality of flow guide pipes extending inwards; one end of the guide pipe is communicated with the hollow inner cavity of the seedling dividing section, and the other end of the guide pipe is communicated with the outside; a mixed flow pipe for introducing gas is coaxially fixed in the dividing section; the air inlet end of the mixed flow pipe is externally connected with an air inlet pipe used for connecting a blower, and a plurality of airflow holes are uniformly formed in the bottom of the mixed flow pipe; the air flow can be discharged to the hollow inner cavity of the seedling dividing section through the air flow holes at the bottom of the flow guide pipe and then blown to the male parent plants and the female parent plants outside the seedling dividing section through the flow guide pipe.
Preferably, the guide section is of a semi-cone structure, and the bottom surface of the guide section is horizontal.
Preferably, the axis of the seedling dividing section forms an inclination angle of 45-75 degrees with the horizontal plane.
Preferably, the cross section of the seedling dividing section is parabolic.
Preferably, the air inlet pipe is positioned outside the seedling dividing section, and a control valve is arranged on the air inlet pipe.
Preferably, the flow guide pipe is of a frustum structure, and the cross section of one end communicated with the outside is smaller than that of one end communicated with the hollow inner cavity.
Preferably, the mixed flow pipe is a circular pipe with the pipe diameter uniformly reduced from top to bottom.
Preferably, a plurality of bottom plates are fixed at the bottom of the seedling dividing section and are connected with the pollination machine or a cutting table of the harvester through the bottom plates.
Preferably, the front end of the transition section is a semi-cone and is in smooth transition connection with the guide section; the rear end section of the transition section is parabolic and is connected with the seedling dividing section in a smooth transition way.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a seedling dividing method using any one of the pneumatic type seedling dividers in the first aspect, which includes:
when in pollination or harvesting operation, firstly, the pneumatic divider is arranged at the divider mounting position of the pollination machine or the harvester, and the air inlet pipe is connected with the blower; starting the blower and enabling the pollination machine or the harvester to advance; the working end of the guide section is firstly inserted into the position between the bottoms of the male parent plant and the female parent plant, the conical structure of the guide section pushes the bottom positions of the male parent plant and the female parent plant to the male parent row and the female parent row respectively along with the advance of the pollination machine or the harvester, and then the male parent plant and the female parent plant are separated from each other from bottom to top by the transition section and the seedling dividing section; meanwhile, the air blower conveys airflow into the mixed flow pipe, the airflow flows from top to bottom along the mixed flow pipe, is uniformly discharged into the hollow inner cavity of the seedling dividing section through the airflow holes at the bottom of the mixed flow pipe, and is blown to male parent plants or female parent plants through the guide pipe, so that the male parent plants or the female parent plants are inverted to the respective rows, and the male parent plants and the female parent plants are separated in a nondestructive and flexible manner.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the male parent and the female parent are firstly separated from the bottom through the conical guide section, then two rows of male and female parent rice plants which are interwoven and grow are gradually separated from bottom to top through the transition section and the dividing section with the inclined wedge-shaped structures, and the male parent and the female parent rice plants are thoroughly separated through upward airflow above the dividing section, so that the male parent and the female parent plants are thoroughly separated in a nondestructive and flexible manner, the damage of a pollination machine to the plants and the influence of the wrong harvesting of male parent ears on seed purity by a seed harvester are avoided, and the seed production pollination and harvesting operation quality of hybrid rice is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view A-A of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a right side view of the overall construction of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a front sectional view of the overall construction of the device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a top view of the overall structure of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a three-dimensional block diagram of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a flow mixing tube of the apparatus of the present invention;
in the figure: the device comprises a bottom plate 1, a guide section 2, a transition section 3, a seedling dividing section 4, a control valve 5, a mixed flow pipe 6 and a guide pipe 7.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further elucidated and described with reference to the drawings and the detailed description. The technical features of the embodiments of the present invention can be combined correspondingly without mutual conflict.
As shown in fig. 1, 3 and 6, the pneumatic type divider for hybrid rice seed production machinery provided by the invention mainly comprises a guide section 2, a transition section 3 and a dividing section 4. Wherein, the front end of the transition section 3 is fixedly connected with the rear part of the guide section 2, the rear end of the transition section 3 is connected with the lower end of the seedling dividing section 4, and the guide section 2, the transition section 3 and the seedling dividing section 4 jointly form a rigid structure. The connection mode and structure of each part will be specifically described below.
The guide section 2 comprises two ends, a working end and a connecting end. The working end is a tapered smooth structure so as to be inserted between the bottoms of the male parent plant and the female parent plant when in use, thereby separating the male parent plant from the female parent plant from the bottom. During the in-service use, guide section 2 can set up to half cone structure, is about to the cone and splits into two parts along the axis, and guide section 2 is half of the back cone of cutting apart promptly, and the upper portion of this structure is the cone form, and the bottom is the horizontal plane. In fact, the guide section 2 may take other forms such as a "V" shape, so long as it provides a separating force between the bases of the male and female parent plants when in use.
As shown in fig. 2, the dividing section 4 is an upward inclined straight pipe, which is hollow and forms a hollow chamber. The main function of the seedling dividing section 4 is to further separate male parent plants from female parent plants, so the seedling dividing section 4 can be arranged to be a structure which is horizontally inclined upwards and forms an inclination angle of 45-75 degrees with the horizontal plane; meanwhile, in order to further realize effective separation, the cross section of the seedling dividing section 4 can be set to be parabolic, namely the top end of the parabola faces the advancing direction of the pneumatic seedling divider. In fact, the seedling-dividing section 4 can also adopt other wedge-shaped structures such as V-shaped, U-shaped and the like, as long as a separating acting force is provided between the bottoms of the male parent plants and the female parent plants when in use.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, in order to further enhance the separation effect of the male parent plant and the female parent plant, a mixed flow pipe 6 is coaxially fixed inside the branch section 4. One end of the mixed flow pipe 6 is used as a fixed end to be connected with the inner cavity of the seedling dividing section 4, the other end of the mixed flow pipe is used as an air inlet end to be connected with an air inlet pipe of an external air blower, and air flow can enter the mixed flow pipe 6 through the air inlet pipe under the action of the air blower. The bottom of the mixed flow pipe 6 is uniformly provided with a plurality of through airflow holes, so that the air entering the mixed flow pipe 6 through the blower can overflow from the airflow holes and uniformly spread to the hollow inner cavity of the whole seedling dividing section 4. The upper part of the pipe wall of the seedling dividing section 4 is uniformly provided with a plurality of guide pipes 7 extending inwards, and the upper part of the pipe wall of the seedling dividing section 4 is also understood to be inwards sunken and form the guide pipes 7 with two communicated ends. One end of the guide pipe 7 is communicated with the outside, and the other end is arranged to be not too long and is communicated with the hollow inner cavity of the seedling dividing section 4. Therefore, the air flow discharged to the hollow cavity of the seedling dividing section 4 through the air flow holes at the bottom of the guide pipe 7 can be blown to the male parent plant and the female parent plant outside the seedling dividing section 4 through the guide pipe 7.
In practical application, the air inlet pipe can be arranged outside the seedling separating section 4, and the air inlet pipe and the mixed flow pipe 6 can also be arranged into an integral structure. In order to better control the size of the air flow entering the mixing pipe 6, a control valve 5 can be arranged on the air inlet pipe. In order to strengthen the flow velocity of the air flow blown to the male parent plant and the female parent plant from the draft tube 7 and further realize better separation effect, the draft tube 7 can be set into a frustum structure, and the cross section of one end communicated with the outside is smaller than that of one end communicated with the hollow inner cavity. As shown in fig. 7, the mixed flow pipe 6 can be set as a circular pipe with a diameter decreasing from top to bottom, so as to offset the characteristic that the flow introduced from the top of the mixed flow pipe 6 decreases gradually from the bottom, and thus the air can be distributed uniformly to the hollow inner cavity of the whole seedling dividing section 4.
The connecting end of the guide section 2 is connected with the dividing section 4 through the transition section 3 in a smooth transition way. The main function of the transition section 3 is to connect the guide section 2 and the dividing section 4, and the transition section 3 should smoothly connect the two to prevent the male parent plant and the female parent plant from being damaged through the connection part when in use. In the embodiment, since the guide section 2 is preferably set to be a semi-cone structure, and the cross section of the seedling dividing section 4 is preferably parabolic, the front end of the transition section 3 can be set to be a semi-cone and is in smooth transition connection with the guide section 2; the rear end section of the transition section 3 can be arranged in a parabola shape and is connected with the seedling dividing section 4 in a smooth transition way.
In practical application, the bottom of the seedling dividing section 4 can be fixed with a plurality of bottom plates 1 and is connected with the pollination machine or the cutting table of the harvester through the bottom plates 1.
The seedling dividing method of the pneumatic type seedling divider in use comprises the following specific steps:
when pollination or harvesting operation is carried out, firstly, the pneumatic divider is arranged at the divider mounting position of the pollination machine or the harvester, and the air inlet pipe is connected with the blower. And starting the air blower and simultaneously enabling the pollination machine or the harvester to advance. The working end of the guide section 2 is firstly inserted into the lower position between the male parent plant and the female parent plant, the conical structure of the guide section 2 pushes the bottom positions of the male parent plant and the female parent plant to be pushed away towards the male parent row and the female parent row respectively along with the advancing of the pollination machine or the harvester, and the male parent plant and the female parent plant are further separated from each other from bottom to top by the transition section 3 and the seedling dividing section 4 along with the continuous advancing of the pollination machine or the harvester. Meanwhile, the air blower conveys air flow into the mixed flow pipe 6, the air flow flows from top to bottom along the mixed flow pipe 6, and is uniformly discharged into the hollow inner cavity of the seedling dividing section 4 through air flow holes at the bottom of the mixed flow pipe 6, the air entering the mixed flow pipe is uniformly discharged to the seedling dividing section along the axis of the mixed flow pipe, and then the high-speed air flow discharged through the guide pipe 7 is blown to male parent plants or female parent plants, so that the male parent plants or female parent plants are inverted to the rows where the male parent plants or female parent plants are located, and the male parent plants and the female parent plants are thoroughly separated in a lossless and flexible manner.
According to the invention, the male parent and the female parent are firstly separated from the bottom through the conical guide section, then two rows of male and female parent rice plants which are interwoven and grow are gradually separated from bottom to top through the transition section and the dividing section with the inclined wedge-shaped structures, and meanwhile, the male and female parent rice plants are thoroughly separated through upward air flow above the dividing section, so that the complete separation of the male and female parent plants in a nondestructive and flexible manner is realized, the damage of a pollination machine to the plants and the influence of the wrong harvesting of male parent ears on seed purity by a seed harvester are avoided, and the seed production and harvesting operation quality of hybrid rice is improved.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, which should not be construed as limiting the invention. Various changes and modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the technical scheme obtained by adopting the mode of equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation is within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A seedling dividing method by utilizing a pneumatic type seedling divider for hybrid rice seed production machinery is characterized in that the pneumatic type seedling divider for hybrid rice seed production machinery comprises a guide section (2), a transition section (3) and a seedling dividing section (4) which are sequentially connected and jointly form a rigid structure; the guide section (2) comprises a working end and a connecting end; the working end is a conical smooth structure which is used for being inserted between the bottoms of the male parent plants and the female parent plants, and the connecting end is connected with the seedling dividing section (4) through the transition section (3) in a smooth transition way; the seedling dividing section (4) is an upward inclined hollow straight pipe, and the upper part of the seedling dividing section is uniformly provided with a plurality of guide pipes (7) extending inwards; one end of the guide pipe (7) is communicated with the hollow inner cavity of the seedling dividing section (4), and the other end is communicated with the outside; a mixed flow pipe (6) for introducing gas is coaxially fixed in the dividing section (4); the air inlet end of the mixed flow pipe (6) is externally connected with an air inlet pipe used for connecting an air blower, and a plurality of airflow holes are uniformly formed in the bottom of the mixed flow pipe; the airflow can be discharged to the hollow inner cavity of the seedling dividing section (4) through the airflow hole at the bottom of the guide pipe (7), and then blown to male parent plants and female parent plants outside the seedling dividing section (4) through the guide pipe (7);
the dividing method specifically comprises the following steps:
when in pollination or harvesting operation, firstly, the pneumatic divider is arranged at the divider mounting position of the pollination machine or the harvester, and the air inlet pipe is connected with the blower; starting the blower and enabling the pollination machine or the harvester to advance; the working end of the guide section (2) is firstly inserted into a position between the bottoms of the male parent plant and the female parent plant, the conical structure of the guide section (2) pushes the bottom positions of the male parent plant and the female parent plant to be pushed away towards the male parent row and the female parent row respectively along with the advance of the pollination machine or the harvester, and then the male parent plant and the female parent plant are separated from each other from bottom to top by the transition section (3) and the seedling dividing section (4); meanwhile, the air blower conveys air flow into the mixed flow pipe (6), the air flow flows from top to bottom along the mixed flow pipe (6), and is uniformly discharged into the hollow inner cavity of the seedling dividing section (4) through an air flow hole at the bottom of the mixed flow pipe (6), and then is blown to male parent plants or female parent plants through the guide pipe (7), so that the male parent plants or female parent plants are inverted to the rows where the male parent plants and female parent plants are located, and the male parent plants and the female parent plants are separated in a nondestructive and flexible manner.
2. The dividing method of a pneumatic divider as claimed in claim 1, wherein the guide section (2) is of a semi-cone structure with a horizontal bottom surface.
3. A method for dividing grain of a pneumatic grain divider as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the axis of the dividing section (4) is inclined at an angle of 45 ° to 75 ° to the horizontal.
4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross section of the dividing section (4) is parabolic.
5. A seedling dividing method of a pneumatic seedling divider as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the air inlet pipe is positioned outside the seedling dividing section (4), and the air inlet pipe is provided with a control valve (5).
6. The dividing method of the pneumatic divider as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flow guide tube (7) is of a frustum structure, and the cross section of the end communicating with the outside is smaller than that of the end communicating with the hollow cavity.
7. The dividing method of the pneumatic type crop divider as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixed flow pipe (6) is a circular pipe with a diameter which is uniformly reduced from top to bottom.
8. The seedling dividing method of the pneumatic seedling divider as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plurality of bottom plates (1) are fixed at the bottom of the seedling dividing section (4) and are connected with a header of a pollination machine or a harvester through the bottom plates (1).
9. The dividing method of the pneumatic divider as claimed in claim 1, wherein the front end of the transition section (3) is a semi-cone and is smoothly connected with the guide section (2); the rear end section of the transition section (3) is parabolic and is connected with the seedling dividing section (4) in a smooth transition way.
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| CN202110499101.8A CN113243206B (en) | 2021-05-08 | 2021-05-08 | Seedling dividing method using pneumatic type seedling divider for hybrid rice seed production machinery |
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| CN202110499101.8A CN113243206B (en) | 2021-05-08 | 2021-05-08 | Seedling dividing method using pneumatic type seedling divider for hybrid rice seed production machinery |
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Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3067562A (en) * | 1960-01-25 | 1962-12-11 | Massey Ferguson Ltd | Header for combines |
| CN202918717U (en) * | 2012-10-24 | 2013-05-08 | 奇瑞重工股份有限公司 | Novel header of corn harvester |
| CN107750614B (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2019-12-03 | 河北农业大学 | Wind power seedling combing and rotating rod type leek harvester |
| CN206533753U (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2017-10-03 | 中联重机股份有限公司 | A kind of corn machine ceding of Taiwan nearside divider of row spacing adjustable |
| CN107155508B (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2023-03-14 | 河南科技大学 | Air-blowing type divider device of combine harvester suitable for harvesting coarse cereals |
| CN207948174U (en) * | 2018-03-07 | 2018-10-12 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of air-sweeping type grain lifter for vegetables with green leaves cropper |
| CN208462417U (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2019-02-05 | 中国铁建重工集团有限公司 | A kind of nearside divider and the cotton picker with the nearside divider |
| CN212367934U (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2021-01-19 | 德邦大为(佳木斯)农机有限公司 | Floating seedling dividing device of flexible header |
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