CN113234487A - Gasification furnace, slag discharge device, washing tower, gasification system and gasification method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of coal chemical industry, and discloses a gasification furnace, a slag discharging device, a washing tower, a gasification system and a gasification method. The gasification furnace is provided with a chiller which can spray cooling liquid to a reactant obtained by gasification reaction of a gasified material, so that the reactant obtained by the gasification reaction can be effectively cooled, and the consumption of the cooling liquid is low.

Description

Gasification furnace, slag discharge device, washing tower, gasification system and gasification method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of coal chemical industry, in particular to a gasification furnace, a slag discharge device, a washing tower, a gasification system and a gasification method.

Background

Coal gasification refers to the process of converting solid fuels such as coal, coke, semi-coke, etc. into gas products and a small amount of residues by reacting with a gasification agent under the conditions of high temperature, normal pressure or pressurization. The gasifying agent is mainly water vapor, air (or oxygen) or their mixture, and the gasifying reaction includes a series of homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reactions. Among the numerous coal gasification technologies, entrained flow gasification technology has been widely used due to its high gasification capacity, environmental friendliness, and wide coal type adaptability. The entrained flow gasification method is a coal gasification method, which adopts pulverized coal as raw material and sprays the pulverized coal and a gasifying agent into a gasification furnace together, the reaction temperature is very high, and ash content is discharged in a molten state. Its advantages are high gasifying strength and wide adaptability to different coal types.

The entrained-flow gasification technology is characterized in that after the coal water slurry or the pulverized coal and a gasifying agent such as oxygen are atomized by a nozzle and then are sprayed into a gasification furnace together, the coal water slurry or the pulverized coal and the gasifying agent react rapidly to obtain the coal water slurry or the pulverized coal which mainly contains CO and H₂The generated ash is discharged out of the combustion chamber of the gasification furnace in a molten state; and then, the ash and the crude gas flow downwards and are discharged out of the combustion chamber and enter a water bath arranged at the bottom of the chilling chamber through a gas guide pipe for cooling, and because the ash and the crude gas are both at high temperature, a large amount of water is consumed for cooling the ash and the crude gas.

In addition, when the water bath is used for cooling, substances which are easy to dissolve in water in the raw gas can be dissolved in the cooling water, and metal ions and non-metal ions which are easy to dissolve in water when ash enters the water bath also enter the water, so that the concentrations of dissolved matters and suspended matters in the cooling water are high, wherein the contents of chloride ions, ammonia nitrogen, formic acid, sulfate ions, calcium ions, magnesium ions and the like are high, and the high-concentration black water is formed. The recovery process of the black water is complicated. Because a large amount of black water can be generated in the cooling of the ash and the crude gas, the black water is recycled, the production cost is improved, and the energy consumption is increased.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a gasification furnace which is provided with a chiller capable of spraying cooling liquid to a reactant obtained by gasification reaction of a gasified material, thereby effectively reducing the temperature of the reactant obtained by the gasification reaction and reducing the consumption of the cooling liquid.

In order to achieve the above object, an aspect of the present invention provides a gasification furnace, including:

the furnace body is internally provided with a combustion chamber for supplying gasification materials to react so as to obtain reactants and a chilling chamber communicated with the combustion chamber, and is provided with a feed inlet for supplying the gasification materials to enter the combustion chamber; and

a chiller disposed in the quench chamber and having a liquid spray port configured to spray a cooling liquid toward the reactant.

According to the technical scheme, the chiller is arranged in the chilling chamber, so that the temperature of the reactant can be reduced, for example, the temperature of the reactant can be reduced from 1200-1600 ℃ to 800-900 ℃, and the consumption of the cooling liquid is low due to the fact that the reactant is cooled in a cooling liquid spraying mode, for example, after pulverized coal is introduced into the combustion chamber at the flow rate of 100t/h, when the temperature of the reactant is reduced from 1200-1600 ℃ to 800-900 ℃, the consumption of the cooling liquid of the chiller can be 53 t/h.

Preferably, the chiller comprises a chiller barrel, the chiller barrel is provided with a chilling channel for reactants to pass through, a chilling circulation chamber capable of allowing cooling liquid to flow is arranged in the barrel wall of the chiller barrel, and the chiller barrel is provided with a cooling liquid inlet and a cooling liquid outlet for the cooling liquid to enter and exit the chilling circulation chamber respectively; wherein:

the liquid spraying port is arranged on the inner wall of the chiller barrel.

Preferably, the chiller barrel comprises:

the pair of annular pipes are mutually opposite at intervals, a plurality of liquid spraying openings are distributed on the annular pipes at intervals along the circumferential direction of the annular pipes, the cooling liquid inlet is arranged on one annular pipe, and the cooling liquid outlet is arranged on the other annular pipe; and

the communicating pipes are arranged between the pair of annular pipes and are communicated with the pair of annular pipes, and a plurality of liquid spraying ports distributed at intervals along the length direction of the communicating pipes are arranged on the communicating pipes; wherein:

and a pair of the annular pipes and the communicating pipes jointly enclose to form a chilling channel.

Preferably, the gasification furnace includes a guide cylinder disposed in the chilling chamber and sleeved outside the chiller, and both ends of the guide cylinder are formed in an open shape.

Preferably, the guide cylinder comprises a plurality of liquid cooling pipes distributed along the circumferential direction of the guide cylinder, and adjacent liquid cooling pipes are connected in a sealing manner.

Preferably, a gas channel for passing the coal gas in the reactant is formed between the guide cylinder and the inner wall of the chilling chamber, and a chilling exhaust port communicated with the gas channel and used for discharging the coal gas out of the gasifier is arranged on the wall of the chilling chamber.

Preferably, the gasification furnace comprises a slag blocking mechanism which is arranged on the gas channel and is far away from the annular port of the combustion chamber, the slag blocking mechanism comprises a plurality of slag blocking bodies which are distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the annular port, and a gap for coal gas to pass through is formed between every two adjacent slag blocking bodies.

Preferably, the slag stopper comprises a first plate, two opposite sides of the first plate respectively abut against the guide cylinder and the chilling chamber, and the slag stopper further comprises a second plate connected with the first plate at an angle, wherein: the tip end portion of the first plate and the second plate, which is formed by connecting the first plate and the second plate with each other, faces the air flow.

Preferably, the slag stopper is obliquely arranged, and the slag stopper is gradually close to the central axis of the furnace body in the direction from the chilling chamber to the combustion chamber.

Preferably, the combustion chamber is provided with a combustion chamber outlet for discharging the reactant, and the gasification furnace comprises a material guide member arranged at the combustion chamber outlet;

the material guide piece comprises a first material guide cylinder body, one end of the first material guide cylinder body is connected to the outlet of the combustion chamber, the two ends of the first material guide cylinder body are both formed into an open shape, the first material guide cylinder body is in a tapered shape in the direction from the combustion chamber to the chilling chamber, the material guide piece comprises a second material guide cylinder body, the second material guide cylinder body is connected to one end, far away from the outlet of the combustion chamber, of the first material guide cylinder body, the two ends of the second material guide cylinder body are both formed into an open shape, and the second material guide cylinder body is in a tapered shape in the direction from the combustion chamber to the chilling chamber.

Preferably, the gasification furnace comprises a first liquid cooling wall arranged on the inner wall of the combustion chamber, a first cavity for the circulation of cooling liquid is arranged in the first liquid cooling wall, and the first liquid cooling wall is provided with a first inlet and a first outlet for the entrance and the exit of the cooling liquid in and out of the first cavity respectively; and/or

The gasification furnace comprises a second liquid cooling wall arranged on the outer wall of the chilling chamber, a second cavity for cooling liquid to flow is formed in the second liquid cooling wall, and a second inlet and a second outlet for the cooling liquid to enter and exit the second cavity are formed in the second liquid cooling wall.

Preferably, the furnace body is provided with a plurality of feed inlets distributed along the circumferential direction of the combustion chamber, the gasification furnace comprises a plurality of feed nozzles inserted into the corresponding feed inlets, and the feed nozzles can inject the gasification material to the combustion chamber.

Preferably, an included angle formed between the central axis of the feeding nozzle and the central axis of the furnace body is greater than or equal to 30 degrees and smaller than 90 degrees.

A second aspect of the present invention provides a slag discharge device including:

the slag discharging shell is provided with a slag inlet and a slag outlet for the slag to enter and exit respectively;

and the cooling mechanism is arranged in the slag discharging shell, and the cooling mechanism is arranged to be capable of cooling slag entering the slag discharging shell.

Preferably, the cooling mechanism includes a plurality of slag coolers disposed in the slag discharge housing, and the plurality of slag coolers are arranged along a height direction of the slag discharge housing, wherein: the slag cooler comprises a slag cooling cylinder, the slag cooling cylinder is provided with a slag cooling channel for the slag to pass through, the wall of the slag cooling cylinder is internally provided with a flowing chamber for cooling liquid to flow through, and the slag cooling cylinder is provided with a slag discharging cooling inlet and a slag discharging cooling outlet for the cooling liquid to enter and exit the flowing chamber; and/or

Arrange the sediment device including set up in the slag charge import with slag charge distributor between the cooling body, slag charge distributor includes the conical plate, the conical plate is following the slag charge import arrives be the flaring form on the direction of cooling body, be provided with the material passing opening that a plurality of confession slag charges passed through on the conical plate, it is a plurality of the material passing opening is followed the conical surface interval distribution of conical plate, distance between the both sides of material passing opening is following the middle part of conical plate is arrived the edge of conical plate increases gradually.

A third aspect of the present invention provides a washing tower comprising a tower body provided with a washing gas inlet into which washing gas to be washed enters, a washing liquid inlet into which washing liquid for washing the gas to be washed enters, and a washing gas outlet from which cleaned gas after washing is discharged, wherein: the washing liquid inlet is arranged above the washing gas inlet;

the scrubber tower includes an air duct disposed at the scrubber gas inlet, the air duct being configured to guide the scrubber gas to be scrubbed into the tower body, and the air duct having a diffuser portion to decelerate the scrubber gas.

Preferably, the gas duct includes a first gas duct section inserted into the scrubbing gas inlet, a second gas duct section connected to one end of the first gas duct section located inside the scrubbing tower and extending in a height direction of the scrubbing tower, a third gas duct section communicated with one end of the first gas duct section located outside the scrubbing tower and having a pipe diameter smaller than that of the first gas duct section, and a connection duct section connecting the first gas duct section and the third gas duct section, the connection duct section being tapered in a direction from the first gas duct section to the third gas duct section, wherein the connection duct section forms the diffusion section.

Preferably, the washing tower comprises a sleeving pipe sleeved outside the second air guide pipe section, an annular gap for passing the washing gas to pass is formed between the sleeving pipe and the second air guide pipe section, the washing tower comprises a deflection hood sleeved outside the second air guide pipe section and positioned above the second air guide pipe section, and the deflection hood can shield an upper port of the sleeving pipe to stop liquid drops carried by the washing gas; and/or

The washing tower comprises a nozzle which is arranged on the air guide pipe and can spray washing liquid towards the to-be-washed gas in the air guide pipe, and the nozzle is arranged in the first air guide pipe section and the third air guide pipe section and can move along the extending direction of the first air guide pipe section.

The invention provides a gasification system, which comprises the gasification furnace provided by the invention.

Preferably, the chilling chamber is provided with a chilling chamber discharge port for discharging slag in reactants;

the gasification system comprises a variable pressure lock hopper, and the variable pressure lock hopper is provided with a variable pressure lock hopper inlet which can be communicated with the discharge port of the chilling chamber, a pressure relief port which can relieve the pressure of the variable pressure lock hopper and a variable pressure lock hopper outlet for discharging slag materials; and

the slag discharging device is provided by the invention, and the slag inlet is communicated with the outlet of the variable pressure lock hopper.

Preferably, a quench gas outlet for discharging coal gas in reactants out of the gasification furnace is arranged on the wall of the quench chamber;

the gasification system comprises a gas-solid separator which can carry out gas-solid separation on coal gas so as to separate slag in the coal gas, wherein the gas-solid separator is provided with a gas-solid separation inlet for the coal gas to be separated to enter, a separator exhaust port for the coal gas from which the slag is separated to be discharged and a separator slag discharge port for the separated slag to be discharged.

Preferably, the gasification system comprises a heat exchange mechanism, the heat exchange mechanism can receive the coal gas discharged from the separator exhaust port and exchange heat with the coal gas, and the heat exchange mechanism comprises a plurality of heat exchangers arranged in series.

Preferably, the gasification system comprises a washing tower arranged at the downstream of the heat exchange mechanism along the flow direction of the coal gas, the washing tower is the washing tower provided by the invention, and the washing tower can wash the coal gas discharged by the heat exchange mechanism.

A fifth aspect of the present invention provides a gasification method comprising:

step S00: carrying out gasification reaction on the gasified material to obtain a reactant;

step S20: spraying a cooling liquid to the reactant to cool the reactant.

Preferably, the gasification process comprises any one of the following steps:

step S40 a: after the step S20, separating coal gas from the reactant, and then carrying out gas-solid separation on the coal gas to separate slag carried by the coal gas;

step S40 b: after the step S20, after the coal gas in the reactant is separated, performing gas-solid separation on the coal gas to separate slag carried by the coal gas, and then performing heat exchange on the gas after the gas-solid separation to reduce the temperature of the coal gas;

step S40 c: after the step S20, after the coal gas in the reactant is separated, gas-solid separation is performed on the coal gas to separate slag carried by the coal gas, then heat is exchanged for the coal gas after the gas-solid separation to reduce the temperature of the coal gas, and finally, the coal gas is washed and purified.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a gasification system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in which a gasification furnace according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention and a slag discharge apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention are provided;

FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view showing a gasification furnace according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a chiller in the gasifier shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic bottom view of a slag stopping mechanism in the gasifier shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the overall construction of a slag discharging device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic top view of a slag distributor in the slag discharge apparatus shown in FIG. 5;

fig. 7 is a schematic sectional view of a scrubber in the gasification system shown in fig. 1.

Description of the reference numerals

10-a gasification furnace; 12-a furnace body; 120-a gas channel; 122-a second liquid-cooled wall; 124-a second liquid-cooled wall; 12 a-a combustion chamber; 12 b-a quench chamber; 12 c-a material guiding member; 120 c-a first material guide cylinder body; 122 c-a second guide cylinder body; 14-a chiller; 14 a-a chiller barrel; 142-a ring-shaped tube; 144-communicating tube; 16 a-a guide cylinder; 16 b-a slag-stopping mechanism; 160 b-a slag trap; 161 b-a first plate; 162 b-a gap; 163 b-a second plate; 20-a slag discharge device; 22-slag discharge shell; 24-a cooling mechanism; 240-slag cooler; 241-slag cooling cylinder; 243-slag cooling channel; 26-a slag distributor; 260-tapered plate; 262-material passing port; 28-a rapper; 40-a gasification system; 41 a-slag discharge crusher; 41 b-a slag bin; 41 c-a first steam drum; 41 d-a second drum; 41 e-connecting the lock hopper; 42-a transformation lock hopper; 430-jacketed pipe; 432-baffle; 434-an annular gap; 44-gas-solid separator; 46-a heat exchanger; 46 a-a first heat exchanger; 46 b-a second heat exchanger; 46 c-a third heat exchanger; 47 a-first pump; 47 b-a second pump; 48-a washing column; 480-a tower body; 49-airway tube; 49 a-a first gas duct section; 49 b-a second gas duct section; 49 c-connecting the pipe sections; 49 d-third gas duct section.

Detailed Description

In the present invention, the use of directional terms such as "upper, lower, left and right" in the absence of a contrary explanation generally means that the directions shown in the drawings and the practical application are considered to be the same, and "inner and outer" mean the inner and outer of the outline of the component.

The present invention provides a gasification furnace, as shown in fig. 2, the gasification furnace 10 includes a furnace body 12, a combustion chamber 12a for reacting gasification materials to obtain reactants and a chilling chamber 12b communicated with the combustion chamber 12a are arranged in the furnace body 12, and the furnace body 12 is provided with a feed inlet for feeding the gasification materials into the combustion chamber 12a, when viewed from the orientation shown in fig. 2, the combustion chamber 12a is arranged above the chilling chamber 12b, it can be understood that the combustion chamber 12a has a combustion chamber outlet for discharging the reactants, the chilling chamber 12b has a chilling chamber inlet for feeding the reactants, and the chilling chamber inlet is communicated with the combustion chamber outlet, in addition, it can be understood that the gasification materials can include coal powder and oxygen, and in the combustion chamber 12a, the coal powder and the oxygen perform gasification reaction to obtain coal gas and slag materials, that is, the reactants can include coal gas and slag materials; the gasifier 10 further includes a chiller 14, the chiller 14 is disposed in the chilling chamber 12b, and the chiller 14 has a liquid spray port capable of spraying a cooling liquid such as cooling water toward the reactant, that is, the chiller 14 may spray the cooling liquid toward the reactant as the reactant passes through the chilling chamber 12b, whereby slag in the reactant may be solidified from a molten state to a solid state. By providing the chiller 14 in the chilling chamber 12b, the temperature of the reactant can be reduced, for example, from 1200 ℃ to 1600 ℃ to 800 ℃ to 900 ℃, and the consumption of the cooling liquid is less because the reactant is cooled by spraying the cooling liquid, for example, when the reactant is reduced from 1200 ℃ to 1600 ℃ to 800 ℃ to 900 ℃ after the pulverized coal is introduced into the combustion chamber 12a at a flow rate of 100t/h, the consumption of the cooling liquid in the chiller 14 can be 53 t/h. It can be understood that, after the temperature of the reactant is reduced, slag in the reactant can be discharged from a quench chamber discharge port arranged at the bottom of the quench chamber 12b, and coal gas in the reactant can be discharged from a quench exhaust port arranged on the wall of the quench chamber 12 b. Furthermore, it should be noted that the slag discharged from the quench chamber discharge is still in a relatively dry powder form.

Wherein, the chiller 14 may include a chiller barrel 14a, the chiller barrel 14a may be provided with a chilling channel for the reactant to pass through, it is understood that both ends of the chiller barrel 14a may be formed into an open shape for the reactant to enter and exit, a chilling circulation chamber for the cooling liquid to flow may be disposed in the barrel wall of the chiller barrel 14a, and the chiller barrel 14a may be provided with a cooling liquid inlet and a cooling liquid outlet for the cooling liquid to enter and exit the chilling circulation chamber, respectively; wherein: the liquid spray port may be disposed on an inner wall of the chiller barrel 14a, such that when the reactant passes through the chilling channel, the cooling liquid flowing in the chilling flow chamber may be sprayed from the liquid spray port toward the reactant, thereby achieving the purpose of cooling the reactant, and after cooling, the slag in the reactant may be changed from a molten state to a solid state. It should be noted that the liquid ejection port may eject atomized water toward the reactant.

As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the chiller barrel 14a may include a pair of annular pipes 142, the pair of annular pipes 142 may be spaced apart from each other, a plurality of liquid spray ports may be disposed on the annular pipes 142 at intervals along the circumferential direction of the annular pipes 142, a cooling liquid inlet may be disposed on one of the annular pipes 142, and a cooling liquid outlet may be disposed on the other annular pipe 142; the chiller barrel 14a may include a plurality of communicating pipes 144, the communicating pipes 144 may be disposed between the pair of annular pipes 142, the communicating pipes 144 may communicate the pair of annular pipes 142, and a plurality of liquid spray ports may be disposed on the communicating pipes 144 at intervals along a length direction of the communicating pipes 144; a pair of annular tubes 142 and a plurality of communicating tubes 144 may collectively enclose to form a quench channel. It is noted that the annular cavity within annular tube 142 and the communicating cavity within communicating tube 144 may collectively form a quench flow chamber. By arranging the chiller barrel 14a in the above structural form, not only can the reactant be effectively cooled, but also the overall structure of the chiller 14 is simple and the preparation is convenient.

In order to reduce the high temperature damage of the reactant to the wall of the quench chamber 12b, a guide cylinder 16a sleeved outside the chiller 14 may be disposed in the quench chamber 12b, wherein both ends of the guide cylinder 16a may be formed in an open shape for the reactant to enter and exit, and it is understood that the guide cylinder 16a has a receiving cavity capable of receiving the chiller 14. The material guiding cylinder 16a may include a plurality of liquid cooling pipes distributed along the circumferential direction of the material guiding cylinder 16a, that is, the plurality of liquid cooling pipes may jointly enclose to form the material guiding cylinder 16a, and adjacent liquid cooling pipes may be hermetically connected to each other, so that the material guiding cylinder 16a may cool the reactant, which is beneficial to further reducing the temperature of the reactant. It should be noted that the liquid cooling pipe may be provided with a liquid cooling pipe inlet and a liquid cooling pipe outlet for the cooling liquid to enter and exit.

As shown in FIG. 2, a gas channel 120 for passing the gas in the reactant may be formed between the guide cylinder 16a and the inner wall of the quench chamber 12b, and a quench gas outlet communicated with the gas channel 120 and used for discharging the gas out of the gasifier 10 is disposed on the wall of the quench chamber 12b, it can be understood that after the reactant is discharged from the guide cylinder 16a, the slag in the reactant may be discharged from the bottom of the quench chamber 12b, and the gas in the reactant may be discharged out of the gasifier 10 through the gas channel 120 and the quench gas outlet for subsequent processes, such as gas-solid separation, heat exchange operation and washing purification.

In order to reduce the slag content in the gas, as shown in fig. 2 and 4, a slag stopper 16b may be provided at an annular port of the gas passage 120 away from the combustion chamber 12a, i.e., at a bottom port of the gas passage 120. The slag stopper mechanism 16b may include a plurality of slag stoppers 160b spaced apart from each other in a circumferential direction of the annular port, and gaps 162b for gas to pass through may be formed between adjacent slag stoppers 160b, and when gas passes through the gaps 162b, the slag stoppers 160b may block slag in the gas from entering the gas passage 120 along with the gas, thereby reducing the content of slag in the gas.

As shown in FIG. 4, the slag bulk 160b may include a first plate 161b, opposite sides of which 161b may abut the guide chute 16a and the quench chamber 12b, respectively, and the slag bulk 160b may further include a second plate 163b connected at an angle to the first plate 161b, it being understood that the slag bulk 160b may have a chevron shape, wherein: the mutual connection of the first plate 161b and the second plate 163b may form a tip portion facing the gas flow, so that the effect of blocking the slag in the gas may be further improved and the content of the slag in the gas may be further reduced, it being understood that the slag stopper 160b may be tapered in the direction from the quench chamber 12b to the combustion chamber 12 a.

To further enhance the effect of blocking slag, as shown in fig. 2, the slag stopper 160b may be disposed obliquely, and the slag stopper 160b may be gradually close to the central axis of the furnace body 12 in the direction from the quench chamber 12b to the combustion chamber 12 a. As shown in fig. 2, the central axis of the furnace body 12 may extend in a vertical direction.

It is understood that the combustion chamber 12a may have a combustion chamber outlet through which the reactant is discharged, and a guide member 12c may be provided at the combustion chamber outlet. The guide member 12c may include a first guide cylinder body 120c and a second guide cylinder body 122 c; both ends of the first material guide cylinder 120c may be open for the entrance and exit of the reactant, one end of the first material guide cylinder 120c, i.e., the top end of the first material guide cylinder 120c, may be connected to the outlet of the combustion chamber, and the first material guide cylinder 120c may be tapered in the direction from the combustion chamber 12a to the chilling chamber 12 b; both ends of the second guide cylinder 122c are formed to be open, the second guide cylinder 122c may be connected to an end of the first guide cylinder 120c far from the outlet of the combustion chamber, and the second guide cylinder 122c may be tapered in a direction from the combustion chamber 12a to the quench chamber 12 b. By providing the material guides 12c, the discharge of the reactant from the combustion chamber 12a is facilitated, and the reactant does not easily clog the combustion chamber outlet.

In order to effectively protect the gasification furnace 10 and lower the temperature of the reactant, a first liquid-cooled wall 124 may be disposed on an inner wall of the combustion chamber 12a, a first cavity through which the cooling liquid can flow may be disposed in the first liquid-cooled wall 124, and a first inlet and a first outlet through which the cooling liquid enters and exits the first cavity may be disposed on the first liquid-cooled wall 124.

In addition, the first liquid-cooled wall 124 may include a straight cylinder portion having both ends formed in an open shape and extending in the height direction of the furnace body 12, and an arc surface portion provided at one end of the straight cylinder portion remote from the quench chamber 12b, wherein both the straight cylinder portion and the arc surface portion are provided with chambers inside to form a first cavity together. The cooling effect can be further improved by providing the first liquid-cooled wall 124 in a form having a straight cylinder portion and an arc surface portion.

Further, a second liquid-cooled wall 122 may be disposed on an outer wall of the quench chamber 12b, a second cavity may be disposed within the second liquid-cooled wall 122 for circulating a cooling fluid, and the second liquid-cooled wall 122 may be provided with a second inlet and a second outlet for passing the cooling fluid into and out of the second cavity, respectively. By providing the second liquid-cooled wall 122, the temperature of the reactant may be further reduced, and the wall of the quench chamber 12b may not be easily damaged by high temperature, effectively protecting the wall of the quench chamber 12 b.

In order to improve the efficiency of the gasification reaction in the combustion chamber 12a and to make the gasification reaction proceed uniformly, a plurality of feed inlets distributed along the circumferential direction of the combustion chamber 12a may be provided in the furnace body 12, and a plurality of feed nozzles may be provided, which may be respectively inserted into the corresponding feed inlets, and may be capable of injecting the gasification material to the combustion chamber 12 a. In addition, the included angle formed between the central axis of the feeding nozzle and the central axis of the furnace body 10 can be more than or equal to 30 degrees and less than 90 degrees, so that the gasified materials can form collision flow and rotation flow, the gasified materials are uniformly mixed, and the effect of the gasification reaction and the efficiency of the gasification reaction can be improved.

The present invention also provides a slag discharge device, as shown in fig. 5, the slag discharge device 20 may include a slag discharge housing 22, and the slag discharge housing 22 may be provided with a slag charge inlet and a slag charge outlet for respectively feeding and discharging slag charges; the slag discharging device 20 may further include a cooling mechanism 24, the cooling mechanism 24 may be disposed inside the slag discharging housing 22, and the cooling mechanism 24 may be disposed to cool the slag entering the slag discharging housing 22. The slag discharging device 20 is particularly suitable for receiving the slag discharged from the gasification furnace 10 provided by the present invention, that is, the slag discharging device 20 is particularly suitable for being used with the gasification furnace provided by the present invention, the slag discharged from the gasification furnace 10 can enter the slag discharging housing 22 through the slag inlet, the cooling mechanism 24 cools the slag, and then the cooled slag is discharged through the slag outlet. Through set up cooling body 24 in arranging sediment casing 22, can further cool down to the sediment material, effectively protected sediment casing 22 simultaneously for sediment casing 22 is difficult to be damaged by the sediment material of high temperature. In addition, a third liquid-cooled wall may be disposed on the outer wall of the slag discharge casing 22, a third cavity for the circulation of the cooling liquid may be disposed in the third liquid-cooled wall, and a third inlet and a third outlet for the cooling liquid to enter and exit the third cavity may be disposed in the third liquid-cooled wall, so that the effect of cooling the reactant may be further improved and the slag discharge casing 22 may be further effectively protected. It should be noted that the slag inlet may be disposed at the top of the slag discharging housing 22, and the slag outlet may be disposed at the bottom of the slag discharging housing 22.

The cooling mechanism 24 may include a plurality of slag coolers 240 disposed in the slag discharge housing 22, and the plurality of slag coolers 240 may be arranged along the height direction of the slag discharge housing 22, wherein: the slag cooler 240 may include a slag cooling cylinder 241, the slag cooling cylinder 241 may be provided with a slag cooling channel 243 through which slag passes, a flow chamber through which cooling fluid circulates may be disposed in a cylinder wall of the slag cooling cylinder 241, the slag cooling cylinder 241 may be provided with a slag discharge cooling inlet and a slag discharge cooling outlet through which the cooling fluid enters and exits the flow chamber, and when the slag passes through the slag cooling channel 243, the slag may be cooled by the cooling fluid in the cylinder wall of the slag cooling cylinder 241. Through setting up a plurality of slag charge coolers 240, can gradually cool down to the reactant, that is to say, can let in the coolant liquid of different temperatures respectively to a plurality of slag charge coolers 240, like this, not only can effectively cool down to the reactant, reduced the energy consumption moreover.

The vibrator 28 can be arranged on the slag cooling cylinder 241, and the vibrator 28 can be arranged to knock the slag cooling cylinder 241, so that slag deposited on the inner wall of the slag cooling channel 243 can fall off, and the service cycle of the corresponding slag cooler 240 is prolonged.

In order to provide an even distribution of the slag, a slag distributor 26 may be provided between the slag inlet and the cooling mechanism 24. Referring to fig. 5 and 6, the slag distributor 26 may include a tapered plate 260, the tapered plate 260 may be tapered in a direction from the slag inlet to the cooling mechanism 24, that is, a tip end of the tapered plate 260 may face the slag inlet, and a plurality of material passing ports 262 may be provided on the tapered plate 260, the plurality of material passing ports 262 may be spaced along a tapered surface of the tapered plate 260, and a distance between both sides of the material passing ports 262 may gradually increase from a middle portion of the tapered plate 260 to an edge of the tapered plate 260.

The present invention also provides a scrubber tower, as shown in fig. 7, the scrubber tower 48 may include a tower body 480, the tower body 480 being provided with a scrubbing gas inlet into which a gas to be scrubbed such as a gas obtained by a gasification reaction is introduced, a scrubbing liquid inlet into which a scrubbing liquid for scrubbing the gas to be scrubbed is introduced, and a scrubbing gas outlet from which a scrubbed purified gas is discharged, wherein: specifically, the washing liquid inlet may be disposed at the top of the tower body 480, the washing gas inlet may be disposed at the sidewall of the tower body 480, the washing gas outlet may be disposed above the washing gas inlet, after the washing gas is in countercurrent contact with the washing liquid such as water, the washing liquid may wash and purify the gas, and the sewage generated after the washing may be discharged from the sewage outlet disposed at the bottom of the tower body 480; the scrubber tower 48 may include an air duct 49 provided at an inlet of the scrubber gas, the air duct 49 may be provided to guide the scrubber gas into the tower body 480, and the air duct 49 may have a diffusing portion to decelerate the scrubber gas, so that the scrubber gas may be stably introduced into the tower body 480 to improve a scrubbing and purifying effect. The scrubber 48 is particularly adapted to receive the gas discharged from the gasifier 10 provided by the present invention, i.e., the scrubber 48 is particularly adapted to be used with the gasifier provided by the present invention.

The gas-guide duct 49 may include a first gas-guide duct section 49a inserted into the scrubbing-and-scrubbing inlet, a second gas-guide duct section 49b connected to one end of the first gas-guide duct section 49a inside the scrubbing tower 48 and extending in the height direction of the scrubbing tower 48, a third gas-guide duct section 49d communicating with one end of the first gas-guide duct section 49a outside the scrubbing tower 48 and having a smaller tube diameter than that of the first gas-guide duct section 49a, and a connecting duct section 49c connecting the first gas-guide duct section 49a and the third gas-guide duct section 49d, the connecting duct section 49c may be tapered in a direction from the first gas-guide duct section 49a to the third gas-guide duct section 49d, wherein the connecting duct section 49c may be formed as a diffuser. By simply changing the pipe diameter of the gas guide pipe section, a diffusion part can be provided, so that the gas to be scrubbed enters the scrubbing tower 48 stably and is effectively scrubbed and purified.

In order to reduce the liquid in the gas to be scrubbed, a sleeve 430 may be sleeved outside the second gas duct section 49b, an annular gap 434 for the gas to be scrubbed to pass through may be formed between the sleeve 430 and the second gas duct section 49b, and a baffle 432 may be sleeved outside the second gas duct section 49b, the baffle 432 may be located above the second gas duct section 49b, and the baffle 432 may be configured to shield an upper port of the sleeve 430 to stop the liquid droplets carried by the gas to be scrubbed, that is, after the gas to be scrubbed contacts the baffle 432 during the flowing process, the baffle 432 may stop the liquid droplets carried by the gas to be scrubbed from rising along with the gas to be scrubbed, so that the liquid in the gas to be scrubbed is greatly reduced.

In addition, a nozzle capable of spraying a cleaning liquid toward the gas to be cleaned in the gas guide pipe 49, such as gas, may be provided in the gas guide pipe 49, and the nozzle may be provided so as to be movable in the first gas guide pipe section 49a and the third gas guide pipe section 49d in the extending direction of the first gas guide pipe section 49a, i.e., the third gas guide pipe section 49d, so that the distance between the nozzle and the diffuser portion may be adjusted, whereby the cleaning liquid may be sprayed toward the gas to be cleaned to have a better effect of wetting the slag in the gas to be cleaned, and the cleaning effect of the gas to be cleaned may be improved by wetting the slag in the gas to be cleaned.

The invention also provides a gasification system, and the gasification system 40 comprises the gasification furnace 10 provided by the invention. By arranging the gasification furnace 10 provided by the invention in the gasification system 40, the temperature of reactants can be effectively reduced, and the loss amount of cooling liquid is less.

It will be appreciated that the quench chamber 12b may be provided with a quench chamber discharge for discharging slag from the reactants, which may be provided at the bottom of the quench chamber 12 b.

In order to ensure that the slag is safely and stably discharged to the slag discharging device 20, a variable pressure lock hopper 42 can be arranged between the slag discharging device 20 and the gasification furnace 10, the variable pressure lock hopper 42 can be provided with a variable pressure lock hopper inlet which can be communicated with a discharge outlet of the chilling chamber, a pressure relief outlet which can relieve the pressure of the variable pressure lock hopper 42 and a variable pressure lock hopper outlet for discharging the slag, the slag can be discharged into the variable pressure lock hopper 42 firstly before entering the slag discharging device 20, and then the pressure is relieved through the pressure relief outlet so that the slag is in a normal pressure state, and then the slag in the normal pressure state is discharged into the slag discharging device 20. Wherein, the slag discharging device 20 can be the slag discharging device 20 provided by the invention, and the slag inlet can be communicated with the outlet of the pressure-variable lock hopper.

The outer wall of the variable pressure lock hopper 42 can be provided with a fourth liquid cooling wall, a fourth cavity for cooling liquid to circulate is arranged in the fourth liquid cooling wall, and the fourth liquid cooling wall can be provided with a fourth inlet and a fourth outlet for cooling liquid to enter and exit the fourth cavity respectively, so that the effect of cooling reactants can be further improved, and the variable pressure lock hopper 42 can be further effectively protected.

It should be noted that a quench vent for discharging the gas in the reactant out of the gasifier 10 may be provided in the wall of the quench chamber 12 b.

As shown in fig. 1, the gasification system 40 may include a gas-solid separator 44 capable of gas-solid separating the gas to separate slag from the gas, and the gas-solid separator 44 may include a cyclone separator, and the gas-solid separator 44 has a gas-solid separation inlet into which the gas to be separated enters, a separator exhaust outlet through which the gas from which the slag is separated exits, and a separator slag discharge outlet through which the separated slag exits.

Further, a connecting lock bucket 41e may be provided, the connecting lock bucket 41e may communicate with the gas-solid separator 44 and receive the slag discharged by the gas-solid separator 44, and the connecting lock bucket 41e has a slag discharge port, which may communicate with the slag discharge housing 22.

In order to cool the gas and effectively protect the gas-solid separator 44, a fifth liquid-cooling wall may be disposed on an outer wall of the gas-solid separator 44, a fifth cavity for the cooling liquid to flow through may be disposed in the fifth liquid-cooling wall, and the fifth liquid-cooling wall may be provided with a fifth inlet and a fifth outlet for the cooling liquid to enter and exit the fifth cavity, respectively.

In addition, a heat exchange mechanism can be arranged, and the heat exchange mechanism can receive the coal gas discharged from the exhaust port of the separator and exchange heat with the coal gas, so that heat carried by the coal gas is effectively utilized, for example, the heat released by the coal gas can be absorbed to heat liquid such as water to obtain saturated steam or superheated steam.

Wherein, the heat exchange mechanism can comprise a plurality of heat exchangers 46 which are arranged in series, thus gradually cooling the coal gas and greatly improving the utilization rate of the heat released by the coal gas. As shown in fig. 1, a first heat exchanger 46a, a second heat exchanger 46b, and a third heat exchanger 46c may be disposed in series in this order in the flow direction of the gas discharged from the gas-solid separator 44, and the gas may pass through the above-mentioned heat exchangers 46 in order to reduce the temperature.

In addition, a first steam drum 41c may be disposed in the gasification system 40, the first steam drum 41c may pump high-pressure deoxygenated water into the second heat exchanger 46b through the first pump 47a to be heated, the heated high-pressure deoxygenated water returns to the first steam drum 41c to obtain high-pressure saturated steam, and the high-pressure saturated steam may enter the first heat exchanger 46a to be heated by coal gas to obtain high-pressure superheated steam.

In addition, a second steam drum 41d can be further provided, the second steam drum 41d can guide low-pressure deoxygenated water into the slag cooler 240 located at the topmost part of the deslagging shell 22, the low-pressure deoxygenated water returns to the second steam drum 41d after heat is extracted to obtain low-pressure saturated steam, and the low-pressure saturated steam can enter the third heat exchanger 46c to be heated by coal gas to obtain low-pressure superheated steam.

As shown in fig. 1, a scrubber 48 may be provided downstream of the heat exchanging means in the flow direction of the gas, and the scrubber 48 may be a scrubber 48 provided by the present invention, and the scrubber 48 is capable of scrubbing the gas discharged from the heat exchanging means. As to the structure and function of the washing tower 48, they have been described in detail in the foregoing, and are not described in detail herein.

In order to make efficient use of the effluent generated during the washing operation, a second pump 47b may be provided, which second pump 47b is capable of pumping the effluent and of causing the pumped effluent to form two streams, one of which may be directed to a nozzle provided in the gas duct 49 to wet the slag carried by the gas and the other of which may be directed to the chiller 14.

The invention also provides a gasification method, preferably, the gasification method can be carried out by using the gasification system 40 provided by the invention, and the gasification method comprises the following steps: step S00: carrying out gasification reaction on the gasified material to obtain a reactant; step S20: spraying a cooling liquid to the reactant to cool the reactant. By spraying the coolant toward the reactant obtained by the gasification reaction, the reactant can be cooled with a small amount of loss of the coolant.

In step S00, the gasification material may include coal powder and oxygen, wherein the flow rate of the coal powder may be 80t/h-150t/h, and the flow rate of the oxygen may be 40000Nm³/h-70000Nm³H; in addition, the gasification material can comprise coal water slurry and oxygen, wherein the flow rate of the coal water slurry can be 80t/h-250t/h, and the flow rate of the oxygen can be 40000Nm³/h-70000Nm³The solid content of the coal water slurry can be 40-70%.

In step S00, the gasification reaction is an exothermic reaction, and after the gasification reaction, the temperature of the reactants may be 1200 ℃ to 1600 ℃.

In step S20, atomized water may be sprayed toward the reactant such that the temperature of the reactant is 800 ℃ to 900 ℃.

Additionally, the gasification process may include any one of the following steps:

step S40 a: after the step S20, separating the coal gas from the reactant, i.e. separating the slag and the coal gas from each other, and then performing gas-solid separation on the coal gas to separate the slag carried by the coal gas;

step S40 b: after step S20, after the coal gas in the reactant is separated, i.e., the slag and the coal gas in the reactant are separated from each other, the coal gas is subjected to gas-solid separation to separate the slag carried by the coal gas, and then the coal gas after the gas-solid separation is subjected to heat exchange to reduce the temperature of the coal gas;

step S40 c: after the step S20, after the coal gas in the reactant is separated, i.e., the slag and the coal gas in the reactant are separated from each other, the coal gas is subjected to gas-solid separation to separate the slag carried by the coal gas, then the coal gas after the gas-solid separation is subjected to heat exchange to reduce the temperature of the coal gas, and finally the coal gas is washed and purified.

It is noted that the gas can be washed counter-currently with a washing liquid, such as water.

The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, numerous simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of the individual specific technical features in any suitable way. The invention is not described in detail in order to avoid unnecessary repetition. Such simple modifications and combinations should be considered within the scope of the present disclosure as well.

Claims (20)

1. Gasifier, characterized in that the gasifier (10) comprises:

the furnace comprises a furnace body (12), wherein a combustion chamber (12a) for supplying gasification materials to react to obtain reactants and a chilling chamber (12b) communicated with the combustion chamber (12a) are arranged in the furnace body (12), and the furnace body (12) is provided with a feeding hole for supplying the gasification materials to enter the combustion chamber (12 a); and

a chiller (14), the chiller (14) being disposed in the quench chamber (12b), and the chiller (14) having a liquid spray port capable of spraying a cooling liquid toward the reactant.

2. A gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that the chiller (14) comprises a chiller barrel (14a), the chiller barrel (14a) is provided with a chilling channel for reactants to pass through, a chilling flow chamber capable of flowing cooling liquid is provided in a barrel wall of the chiller barrel (14a), and the chiller barrel (14a) is provided with a cooling liquid inlet and a cooling liquid outlet for the cooling liquid to enter and exit the chilling flow chamber, respectively; wherein:

the liquid spray opening is arranged on the inner wall of the chiller barrel (14 a).

3. A gasifier according to claim 2, characterized in that said chiller drum (14a) comprises:

a pair of annular pipes (142), the annular pipes (142) are mutually spaced and opposite, the annular pipes (142) are provided with a plurality of liquid spraying openings distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the annular pipes (142), the cooling liquid inlet is arranged on one annular pipe (142), and the cooling liquid outlet is arranged on the other annular pipe (142); and

the communication pipes (144) are arranged between the pair of annular pipes (142), the communication pipes (144) are communicated with the pair of annular pipes (142), and the communication pipes (144) are provided with a plurality of liquid spraying ports which are distributed at intervals along the length direction of the communication pipes (144); wherein:

a pair of the annular tubes (142) and a plurality of the communicating tubes (144) jointly enclose a quench channel.

4. The gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein the gasification furnace (10) comprises a guide cylinder (16a) disposed in the chilling chamber (12b) and sleeved outside the chiller (14), and both ends of the guide cylinder (16a) are formed in an open shape;

preferably, the material guiding cylinder (16a) comprises a plurality of liquid cooling pipes distributed along the circumferential direction of the material guiding cylinder (16a), and the adjacent liquid cooling pipes are connected in a sealing mode.

5. The gasification furnace according to claim 4, wherein a gas channel (120) for passing the coal gas in the reactant is formed between the guide cylinder (16a) and the inner wall of the chilling chamber (12b), and a chilling exhaust port communicated with the gas channel (120) and used for discharging the coal gas out of the gasification furnace (10) is arranged on the wall of the chilling chamber (12 b);

preferably, the gasification furnace (10) comprises a slag blocking mechanism (16b) which is arranged at an annular port of the gas channel (120) far away from the combustion chamber (12a), the slag blocking mechanism (16b) comprises a plurality of slag blocking bodies (160b) which are distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the annular port, and gaps (162b) for coal gas to pass through are formed between the adjacent slag blocking bodies (160 b).

6. A gasifier according to claim 5, characterized in that said slag stopper (160b) comprises a first plate (161b), two opposite sides of said first plate (161b) abutting against said guide cylinder (16a) and said quench chamber (12b), respectively, said slag stopper (160b) further comprising a second plate (163b) connected at an angle to said first plate (161b), wherein: the tip end parts of the first plate (161b) and the second plate (163b) which are connected with each other face the air flow;

preferably, the slag stopper (160b) is obliquely arranged, and the slag stopper (160b) is gradually close to the central axis of the furnace body (12) in the direction from the chilling chamber (12b) to the combustion chamber (12 a).

7. The gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein the combustion chamber (12a) has a combustion chamber outlet for discharging the reactant, and the gasification furnace (10) comprises a material guide (12c) provided at the combustion chamber outlet;

the guide member (12c) includes a first guide cylinder body (120c) having one end connected to the combustion chamber outlet and both ends formed in an open shape, the first guide cylinder body (120c) is tapered in a direction from the combustion chamber (12a) to the quench chamber (12b), the guide member (12c) includes a second guide cylinder body (122c) connected to one end of the first guide cylinder body (120c) away from the combustion chamber outlet, both ends of the second guide cylinder body (122c) are formed in an open shape, and the second guide cylinder body (122c) is tapered in a direction from the combustion chamber (12a) to the quench chamber (12 b).

8. The gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that the gasifier (10) comprises a first liquid-cooled wall (124) arranged on the inner wall of the combustion chamber (12a), a first cavity is arranged in the first liquid-cooled wall (124) and can be used for the circulation of cooling liquid, and the first liquid-cooled wall (124) is provided with a first inlet and a first outlet for the cooling liquid to enter and exit the first cavity respectively; and/or

The gasification furnace (10) comprises a second liquid cooling wall (122) arranged on the outer wall of the chilling chamber (12b), a second cavity for cooling liquid to circulate is arranged in the second liquid cooling wall (122), and a second inlet and a second outlet for cooling liquid to enter and exit the second cavity are formed in the second liquid cooling wall (122).

9. The gasification furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the furnace body (12) is provided with a plurality of the feed ports distributed along a circumferential direction of the combustion chamber (12a), and the gasification furnace (10) comprises a plurality of feed nozzles inserted into the respective feed ports, the feed nozzles being capable of injecting the gasification material into the combustion chamber (12 a);

preferably, the included angle formed between the central axis of the feeding nozzle and the central axis of the furnace body (10) is greater than or equal to 30 degrees and less than 90 degrees.

10. Slag discharge device, characterized in that, slag discharge device (20) includes:

the slag discharging device comprises a slag discharging shell (22), wherein the slag discharging shell (22) is provided with a slag inlet and a slag outlet for the slag to enter and exit respectively;

the cooling mechanism (24), the cooling mechanism (24) set up in arrange sediment casing (22), the cooling mechanism (24) set up to can cool off and get into arrange the slag charge in the sediment casing (22).

11. The slag discharge device according to claim 10, wherein the cooling mechanism (24) comprises a plurality of slag coolers (240) disposed in the slag discharge housing (22), the plurality of slag coolers (240) being arranged in a height direction of the slag discharge housing (22), wherein: the slag cooler (240) comprises a slag cooling cylinder (241), the slag cooling cylinder (241) is provided with a slag cooling channel (243) for the slag to pass through, a flowing chamber for cooling liquid to flow is arranged in the cylinder wall of the slag cooling cylinder (241), and the slag cooling cylinder (241) is provided with a slag discharging cooling inlet and a slag discharging cooling outlet for the cooling liquid to enter and exit the flowing chamber; and/or

Slag discharging device (20) including set up in the slag charge import with slag charge distributor (26) between cooling body (24), slag charge distributor (26) are including conical plate (260), conical plate (260) are following the slag charge import arrives be the flaring form on the direction of cooling body (24), be provided with material passing opening (262) that a plurality of confession slag charges passed through on conical plate (260), it is a plurality of material passing opening (262) are followed conical surface interval distribution of conical plate (260), distance between the both sides of material passing opening (262) is in the follow the middle part of conical plate (260) is arrived the edge of conical plate (260) increases gradually.

12. Washing tower, characterized in that the washing tower (48) comprises a tower body (480), the tower body (480) is provided with a washing gas inlet for the entry of the washing gas to be washed, a washing liquid inlet for the entry of the washing liquid for washing the gas to be washed and a washing gas outlet for the exit of the cleaned gas after washing, wherein: the washing liquid inlet is arranged above the washing gas inlet;

the scrubber tower (48) comprises a gas duct (49) arranged at the scrubber gas inlet, the gas duct (49) being arranged to enable introduction of the scrubber gas to be scrubbed into the tower (480), and the gas duct (49) having a diffuser portion to decelerate the scrubber gas.

13. The scrubber according to claim 12, wherein the gas guide tube (49) includes a first gas guide tube section (49a) inserted into the scrubber inlet, and a second gas guide tube section (49b) connected to one end of the first gas guide tube section (49a) located inside the scrubber (48) and extending in a height direction of the scrubber (48), a third gas guide tube section (49d) communicating with one end of the first gas guide tube section (49a) located outside the scrubber (48) and having a tube diameter smaller than that of the first gas guide tube section (49a), and a connecting tube section (49c) connecting the first gas guide tube section (49a) and the third gas guide tube section (49d), the connecting tube section (49c) being tapered in a direction from the first gas guide tube section (49a) to the third gas guide tube section (49d), wherein the connecting pipe section (49c) is formed as the diffuser section.

14. The scrubber according to claim 13, wherein the scrubber (48) comprises a sleeve pipe (430) sleeved outside the second gas pipe section (49b), an annular gap (434) for passing the scrubbing gas to be scrubbed is formed between the sleeve pipe (430) and the second gas pipe section (49b), the scrubber (48) comprises a baffle (432) sleeved outside the second gas pipe section (49b) and above the second gas pipe section (49b), and the baffle (432) can shield an upper port of the sleeve pipe (430) to stop liquid drops carried by the scrubbing gas; and/or

The washing tower (48) includes a nozzle provided in the air duct (49) and capable of spraying a washing liquid toward the to-be-washed gas in the air duct (49), the nozzle being provided so as to be movable in the first air duct section (49a) and the third air duct section (49d) in the extending direction of the first air duct section (49 a).

15. Gasification system, characterized in that the gasification system (40) comprises a gasifier (10) according to any of claims 1-9.

16. A gasification system in accordance with claim 15 wherein said quench chamber (12b) is provided with a quench chamber discharge for discharging slag from the reactants;

the gasification system (40) comprises a variable pressure lock hopper (42), wherein the variable pressure lock hopper (42) is provided with a variable pressure lock hopper inlet which can be communicated with a discharge port of the chilling chamber, a pressure relief port which can relieve the pressure of the variable pressure lock hopper (42) and a variable pressure lock hopper outlet for discharging slag materials; and

a slag discharge device (20), wherein the slag discharge device (20) is the slag discharge device (20) of claim 10 or 11, and the slag inlet is communicated with the outlet of the pressure-variable lock hopper.

17. A gasification system according to claim 15 wherein the quench chamber (12b) is provided with a quench outlet in a wall thereof through which the gas in the reactants exits the gasifier (10);

the gasification system (40) comprises a gas-solid separator (44) which can perform gas-solid separation on coal gas to separate slag in the coal gas, wherein the gas-solid separator (44) is provided with a gas-solid separation inlet for the coal gas to be separated to enter, a separator exhaust port for the coal gas from which the slag is separated to be discharged and a separator slag discharge port for the separated slag to be discharged.

18. A gasification system in accordance with claim 17 wherein said gasification system (40) comprises a heat exchange mechanism capable of receiving and exchanging heat with the gas discharged by said separator exhaust, said heat exchange mechanism comprising a plurality of heat exchangers (46) arranged in series;

preferably, the gasification system (40) comprises a scrubber tower (48) arranged downstream of the heat exchange means in the flow direction of the gas, the scrubber tower (48) being the scrubber tower (48) according to any one of claims 12-14, the scrubber tower (48) being capable of scrubbing the gas discharged by the heat exchange means.

19. A gasification process, characterized in that it comprises:

step S00: carrying out gasification reaction on the gasified material to obtain a reactant;

step S20: spraying a cooling liquid to the reactant to cool the reactant.

20. A gasification process according to claim 19 comprising any one of the following steps:

step S40 a: after the step S20, separating coal gas from the reactant, and then carrying out gas-solid separation on the coal gas to separate slag carried by the coal gas;

step S40 b: after the step S20, after the coal gas in the reactant is separated, performing gas-solid separation on the coal gas to separate slag carried by the coal gas, and then performing heat exchange on the gas after the gas-solid separation to reduce the temperature of the coal gas;

step S40 c: after the step S20, after the coal gas in the reactant is separated, gas-solid separation is performed on the coal gas to separate slag carried by the coal gas, then heat is exchanged for the coal gas after the gas-solid separation to reduce the temperature of the coal gas, and finally, the coal gas is washed and purified.

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