CN113233456A - Method for preparing activated carbon and liquid fertilizer through biomass pyrolysis based on combined action of biomass vinegar and biomass oil - Google Patents

Method for preparing activated carbon and liquid fertilizer through biomass pyrolysis based on combined action of biomass vinegar and biomass oil Download PDF

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CN113233456A
CN113233456A CN202110681572.0A CN202110681572A CN113233456A CN 113233456 A CN113233456 A CN 113233456A CN 202110681572 A CN202110681572 A CN 202110681572A CN 113233456 A CN113233456 A CN 113233456A
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biomass
vinegar
pyrolysis
activated carbon
liquid
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陈登宇
岑珂慧
章一蒙
周建斌
马欢欢
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Nanjing Forestry University
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Nanjing Forestry University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/30Active carbon
    • C01B32/312Preparation
    • C01B32/318Preparation characterised by the starting materials
    • C01B32/324Preparation characterised by the starting materials from waste materials, e.g. tyres or spent sulfite pulp liquor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20Liquid fertilisers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10BDESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10BDESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C10B57/04Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10BDESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C10B57/04Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition
    • C10B57/045Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition containing mineral oils, bitumen, tar or the like or mixtures thereof
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    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for preparing activated carbon and liquid fertilizer by biomass pyrolysis based on combined action of biomass vinegar and biomass oil, which comprises the steps of stirring and mixing crushed biomass and vinegar obtained by pyrolysis, filtering the mixture by a filter to obtain a liquid phase, sending the liquid phase into a chelating tank, and adding N/P/K for chelating to obtain the liquid fertilizer; and (3) filtering to obtain solid-phase biomass, feeding the solid-phase biomass into a closed heating container, heating to 270-280 ℃, keeping the temperature constant for 1-1.5, feeding the solid-phase biomass into a pyrolysis furnace for pyrolysis, condensing and centrifugally separating out vinegar liquid and biomass oil from a gas phase obtained after pyrolysis, feeding the gas phase for pyrolysis to heat, performing ultrasonic treatment on the obtained biochar and biomass oil in a certain ratio, and feeding the obtained biochar and biomass oil into an activation furnace for activation to obtain high-quality and high-yield activated carbon. The method solves the problems of high cost, pollution, low quality and low yield of the activated carbon prepared from biomass carbon in the traditional biomass upgrading method through the combined action of vinegar liquid and biomass oil generated by pyrolysis, and finally obtains the high-quality activated carbon and liquid fertilizer.

Description

Method for preparing activated carbon and liquid fertilizer through biomass pyrolysis based on combined action of biomass vinegar and biomass oil
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for preparing activated carbon and liquid fertilizer by biomass pyrolysis based on combined action of biomass vinegar and biomass oil, and belongs to the field of biomass energy.
Background
The quality of conventional pyrolysis products of biomass is not high, and a pyrolysis poly-generation mechanism aiming at the high quality of the products becomes a focus of attention of researchers. The coupling mechanism among the raw material quality improvement treatment, the process regulation and the product quality in the thermal decomposition chain is determined, and the method is an important way for realizing the high quality of products.
Biomass has the disadvantages of strong hydrophilicity, high grinding difficulty, high water content and oxygen content, low energy density, and the like, and therefore appropriate modification pretreatment is often required before biomass utilization. Both international famous experts in biomass energy, a.v. bridgwater and International Energy Agency (IEA), indicate that high oxygen content of biomass is a direct cause of high content of oxygenated chemical components in bio-oil, and that quality improvement of raw materials plays a crucial role in subsequent pyrolysis. In recent years, attention has been paid to quality-improving treatment techniques for improving biomass raw materials and further improving the quality of pyrolysis products.
There are roughly two ways of raw material upgrading, water washing deliming and acid washing deliming. The washing liquid after washing and deashing contains a large amount of alkaline earth metals, is discharged to pollute the environment, and can be recovered after being purified. Acid washing and deashing research shows that both inorganic acid (such as hydrochloric acid) and organic acid (such as acetic acid) can effectively remove ash and metal elements in biomass so as to improve the quality of bio-oil, but the cost is high and pollution is also caused when the inorganic acid and the organic acid are used for treating the biomass.
The high-value utilization of biomass charcoal, a main product of biomass pyrolysis, is directly related to the popularization and application of a biomass pyrolysis technology. The preparation of activated carbon with high added value from biomass charcoal obtained after biomass pyrolysis is a main direction. The traditional biomass charcoal mainly has two problems: the biomass charcoal has low quality and the active carbon has low yield and high cost in the biomass process.
Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a technology that can solve the above problems of low quality and utilization of by-products through process control without adding additional substances and being environmentally friendly.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a novel low-cost and systematic method for preparing activated carbon and liquid fertilizer by biomass pyrolysis based on the combined action of biomass vinegar and biomass oil, and the method can obtain high-quality activated carbon and liquid fertilizer.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for preparing activated carbon and liquid fertilizer by biomass pyrolysis based on combined action of biomass vinegar and biomass oil comprises the following steps:
(1) biomass pretreatment: feeding biomass and vinegar liquid crushed to 20 meshes into a reactor, wherein the volume ratio of the biomass to the vinegar liquid is 1:1-3, heating to 50-60 ℃, and stirring for 30 min;
(2) filtration-liquid phase: feeding the mixture obtained in the step (1) into a filter for filtering, feeding the obtained liquid phase into a chelating tank, heating to 40 ℃, adding water to adjust the pH value to 6-6.5, and adding N/P/K for chelating to obtain a liquid fertilizer;
(3) filtration-solid phase: sending the solid phase obtained by filtering by the filter, namely the processed biomass into a closed heater, heating to 270 ℃ and 280 ℃ at a speed of 20 ℃/min, and keeping the constant temperature for 1-1.5 h;
(4) preparing vinegar liquid and an active carbon precursor: pyrolyzing the biomass obtained in the step (3) at 550-600 ℃ to obtain gas and biomass charcoal, condensing and centrifugally separating the gas to obtain vinegar liquid, non-condensable gas and biomass oil, wherein the non-condensable gas can be combusted by fuel gas to provide heat required by pyrolysis, and the weight ratio of the biomass charcoal to the biomass oil is 4-6: 1, feeding the mixture into an ultrasonic tank, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment and stirring for 1 hour to obtain an activated carbon precursor;
(5) activation of carbon: and (3) feeding the activated carbon precursor into a rotary activation furnace for activation to obtain the activated carbon.
Wherein, the biomass in the step (1) is wood chips and shells, and the water content is less than or equal to 40 percent.
Wherein the vinegar liquid in the step (1) is the vinegar liquid obtained by pyrolysis in the step (4).
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the vinegar liquid obtained by self pyrolysis and condensed and separated in gas phase is stirred and mixed with biomass, ash content such as alkali metal is transferred into the vinegar liquid, and the vinegar liquid containing alkali metal is used for preparing liquid fertilizer, so that the ash content such as alkali metal is recycled, the vinegar liquid is recycled, and simultaneously the biomass is upgraded.
(2) The biomass oil produced by self pyrolysis is coupled with the biomass charcoal, so that the oxidation resistance and the volatile content of the biomass charcoal are increased, the yield of the biomass charcoal is improved, the ash content is reduced, and the quality and the production cost of the activated charcoal are improved.
(3) The method of the system not only can obtain the liquid fertilizer, but also can obtain high-quality activated carbon, thereby achieving two purposes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing activated carbon and liquid fertilizer by biomass pyrolysis.
Detailed Description
A method for preparing activated carbon and liquid fertilizer by biomass pyrolysis based on combined action of biomass vinegar and biomass oil comprises the following steps:
(1) biomass pretreatment: crushing wood chips with the water content of less than or equal to 40% to 20 meshes, feeding the biomass vinegar liquid obtained in the step (4) into a reactor, wherein the volume ratio of the biomass to the vinegar liquid is 1:2, heating to 50-60 ℃, and stirring for 30 min;
(2) filtration-liquid phase: feeding the mixture obtained in the step (1) into a filter for filtering, feeding the obtained liquid phase into a chelating tank, heating to 40 ℃, adding water to adjust the pH value to 6-6.5, adding N/P/K according to the required proportion of the used plants, heating to 60 ℃, and stirring for chelating to obtain a liquid fertilizer;
(3) filtration-solid phase: sending the solid phase obtained by filtering by the filter, namely the processed biomass into a closed heater, heating to 270 ℃ and 280 ℃ at a speed of 20 ℃/min, and keeping the constant temperature for 1-1.5 h;
(4) preparing vinegar liquid and an active carbon precursor: and (3) feeding the biomass obtained in the step (3) into a pyrolysis furnace, pyrolyzing at 550-600 ℃ to obtain gas and biomass charcoal, condensing and centrifugally separating the gas to obtain vinegar liquid and biomass oil, combusting the non-condensable gas, namely fuel gas, for providing heat required by pyrolysis, wherein the biomass charcoal and the biomass oil are mixed according to the weight ratio of 5: 1, feeding the mixture into an ultrasonic tank, and ultrasonically stirring for 1 hour to obtain an activated carbon precursor.
(5) Activation of carbon: and (3) feeding the activated carbon precursor into a rotary activation furnace for activation to obtain the activated carbon.
TABLE 1 physical and chemical analysis of wood chips and wood chips entering pyrolysis furnace
Figure BDA0003122831630000031
The results of industrial analysis, elemental analysis, and calorific value of the raw material chips in step (1) and the biomass and other samples before entering the pyrolysis furnace obtained in step (3) are shown in table 1, and it can be seen from table 1 that the ash content after upgrading is reduced from 5.56% to 3.91%. This means that the present solution allows to significantly reduce the ash content of the sample. Compared with the reduction of the volatile content of the raw materials, the content of the fixed carbon is greatly improved. Meanwhile, the content of carbon element is greatly improved, the content of oxygen element is greatly reduced, the molar ratio of H/O and O/C is also reduced, and the heat value of the sample is obviously increased.
TABLE 2 analysis of the metal elements in the wood chips and wood chips before entering the pyrolysis furnace
Sample (I) K(μg/g) Ca(μg/g) Mg(μg/g) Fe(μg/g) Al(μg/g) Na(μg/g)
Not upgraded 9210 8465 2678 1192 920 737
Before entering into the pyrolysis furnace 1350 3950 962 485 698 68
The contents of the metallic elements in the samples are shown in Table 2. After the quality improvement of the invention, the metal content in the wood chips is reduced to different degrees, wherein the removal effect on K, Na and Mg elements is more obvious, especially K, Na, and the removal rate reaches 90-95%. Has certain removal effect on other metal elements, for example, the removal rate of Ca and Fe reaches more than 50 percent. This shows that the invention has better effect of removing the metal elements in the wood chips.
The coupling result of the biomass oil and the wood chip pyrolytic carbon is as follows: 1kg of biomass carbon and 0.2kg of biomass oil are coupled to obtain an activated carbon precursor, and the activated carbon precursor is sent into an activation furnace to be activated to obtain 0.6kg of activated carbon. The element analysis, yield and iodine value analysis of the activated carbon are carried out, the yield of the activated carbon is 60 percent, and the iodine value is 1150 mg/g; activated carbon elemental analysis: [c] 91.45%, [ H ] 1.66%, [ N ] 0.24%, [ O ] 4.69%, and ash content 1.96%.
Results for wood chip charcoal alone, not coupled with biomass oil, to produce activated charcoal: 1kg of biomass charcoal is sent into an activation furnace to be activated to obtain 0.52kg of activated carbon. The element analysis, yield and iodine value analysis of the activated carbon are carried out, the yield of the activated carbon is 52 percent, and the iodine value is 988 mg/g; activated carbon elemental analysis: [c] 88.35%, H1.45%, N0.27%, O5.73%, and ash 1.96%.
The results show that the coupling of the biomass oil improves the oxidation resistance of the biomass carbon and improves the quality and yield of the activated carbon.
The invention relates to a method for preparing activated carbon and liquid fertilizer by biomass pyrolysis based on combined action of biomass vinegar and biomass oil, which comprises the steps of stirring and mixing crushed biomass and vinegar obtained by pyrolysis, filtering the mixture by a filter to obtain a liquid phase, feeding the liquid phase into a chelating tank, and adding N/P/K for chelating according to the required proportion of plants to obtain the liquid fertilizer; and (3) filtering to obtain solid-phase biomass, feeding the solid-phase biomass into a closed heating container, heating to 270-280 ℃, keeping the temperature constant for 1-1.5, feeding the solid-phase biomass into a pyrolysis furnace for pyrolysis, condensing and centrifugally separating out vinegar liquid and biomass oil from a gas phase obtained after pyrolysis, feeding the gas phase for pyrolysis to heat, performing ultrasonic treatment on the obtained biochar and biomass oil in a certain ratio, and feeding the obtained biochar and biomass oil into an activation furnace for activation to obtain high-quality and high-yield activated carbon. The method solves the problems of high cost, pollution, low quality and low yield of the activated carbon prepared from biomass carbon in the traditional biomass upgrading method through the combined action of vinegar liquid and biomass oil generated by pyrolysis, and finally obtains the high-quality activated carbon and liquid fertilizer.

Claims (3)

1. A method for preparing activated carbon and liquid fertilizer by biomass pyrolysis based on combined action of biomass vinegar and biomass oil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) biomass pretreatment: feeding biomass and vinegar liquid crushed to 20 meshes into a reactor, wherein the volume ratio of the biomass to the vinegar liquid is 1:1-3, heating to 50-60 ℃, and stirring for 30 min;
(2) filtration-liquid phase: feeding the mixture obtained in the step (1) into a filter for filtering, feeding the obtained liquid phase into a chelating tank, heating to 40 ℃, adding water to adjust the pH value to 6-6.5, adding N/P/K, heating to 60 ℃, stirring and chelating to obtain a liquid fertilizer;
(3) filtration-solid phase: sending the solid phase obtained by filtering by the filter, namely the processed biomass into a closed heater, heating to 270 ℃ and 280 ℃ at a speed of 20 ℃/min, and keeping the constant temperature for 1-1.5 h;
(4) preparing vinegar liquid and an active carbon precursor: pyrolyzing the biomass obtained in the step (3) at 550-600 ℃ to obtain gas and biomass charcoal, condensing and centrifugally separating the gas to obtain vinegar liquid, non-condensable gas and biomass oil, wherein the non-condensable gas can be combusted by fuel gas to provide heat required by pyrolysis, and the weight ratio of the biomass charcoal to the biomass oil is 4-6: 1, feeding the mixture into an ultrasonic tank, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment and stirring for 1 hour to obtain an activated carbon precursor;
(5) activation of carbon: and (3) feeding the activated carbon precursor into a rotary activation furnace for activation to obtain the activated carbon.
2. The method for preparing activated carbon and liquid fertilizer by biomass pyrolysis based on the combined action of biomass vinegar and biomass oil as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the biomass in the step (1) is wood chips and shells, and the water content is less than or equal to 40 percent.
3. The method for preparing activated carbon and liquid fertilizer by biomass pyrolysis based on the combined action of biomass vinegar and biomass oil in claim 1, wherein the vinegar in the step (1) is the vinegar obtained by pyrolysis in the step (4).
CN202110681572.0A 2021-06-18 2021-06-18 Method for preparing activated carbon and liquid fertilizer through biomass pyrolysis based on combined action of biomass vinegar and biomass oil Pending CN113233456A (en)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011041881A1 (en) * 2009-10-05 2011-04-14 Southern Biomass, Llc Oil-impregnated torrefied biomass and related uses
US20160229697A1 (en) * 2015-02-05 2016-08-11 Advanced Organic Methods LLC Activated Carbon Production at Biomass-Fueled Steam/Electric Power Plants
CN108033446A (en) * 2017-12-21 2018-05-15 四川雷鸣生物环保工程有限公司 Thermoelectricity charcoal fertilizer activated carbon joint production process using municipal refuse derivatived fuel RDF-5 as raw material
CN108314040A (en) * 2018-02-09 2018-07-24 南京林业大学 A kind of method of wood substance grain gasifying electricity generation co-producing active carbon
CN108314473A (en) * 2018-04-10 2018-07-24 北京三聚绿能科技有限公司 A kind of method of wood vinegar and biomass coproduction Liquid Fertilizer and high-quality biological matter charcoal
CN108410485A (en) * 2018-04-13 2018-08-17 北京三聚绿能科技有限公司 A kind of method of biomass pyrolysis

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011041881A1 (en) * 2009-10-05 2011-04-14 Southern Biomass, Llc Oil-impregnated torrefied biomass and related uses
US20160229697A1 (en) * 2015-02-05 2016-08-11 Advanced Organic Methods LLC Activated Carbon Production at Biomass-Fueled Steam/Electric Power Plants
CN108033446A (en) * 2017-12-21 2018-05-15 四川雷鸣生物环保工程有限公司 Thermoelectricity charcoal fertilizer activated carbon joint production process using municipal refuse derivatived fuel RDF-5 as raw material
CN108314040A (en) * 2018-02-09 2018-07-24 南京林业大学 A kind of method of wood substance grain gasifying electricity generation co-producing active carbon
CN108314473A (en) * 2018-04-10 2018-07-24 北京三聚绿能科技有限公司 A kind of method of wood vinegar and biomass coproduction Liquid Fertilizer and high-quality biological matter charcoal
CN108410485A (en) * 2018-04-13 2018-08-17 北京三聚绿能科技有限公司 A kind of method of biomass pyrolysis

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