CN113231657B - Main shaft bearing locking structure, electric main shaft and machine tool - Google Patents
Main shaft bearing locking structure, electric main shaft and machine tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN113231657B CN113231657B CN202110418806.2A CN202110418806A CN113231657B CN 113231657 B CN113231657 B CN 113231657B CN 202110418806 A CN202110418806 A CN 202110418806A CN 113231657 B CN113231657 B CN 113231657B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
- B23Q1/70—Stationary or movable members for carrying working-spindles for attachment of tools or work
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- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
- Mounting Of Bearings Or Others (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a main shaft bearing locking structure, an electric main shaft and a machine tool, which comprise: a body; a shaft core supported by the machine body through a bearing; the bearing gland is connected with the machine body and applies axial locking force to the outer ring of the bearing; and the locking component is provided with an axial inner hole, the axial inner hole of the locking component is in interference fit connection with the shaft core, and the locking component applies axial locking force to the inner ring of the bearing. The locking component described in the invention replaces thread locking with an interference assembly mode, has a simple structure, is easy to process, can ensure the dimensional precision and form and position tolerance of each part, increases the dimensional precision of related parts, ensures the rotation precision of the spindle in long-time processing, and improves the vibration and service life compared with thread matching.
Description
Technical Field
The invention is used in the field of machine tools, and particularly relates to an accessory of a machine tool, in particular to a main shaft bearing locking structure, an electric main shaft and a machine tool.
Background
With the gradual increase of the industrialization level, the manufacturing level of the manufacturing industry is also correspondingly increased, which puts high requirements on the machining performance of the machine tool, and the performance of the main shaft as a core functional component of the machine tool is directly related to the machining level of the machine tool. The performance of the spindle is often influenced by many factors such as the dimensional tolerance, the fit precision, the bearing pre-tightening, and the motor of the components, wherein the dimensional tolerance and the fit precision of the key components are particularly important.
At present, most of the bearing locking mechanisms widely applied to the main shaft are locking nuts, and glue is coated after the locking nuts are screwed up through matching with threads on the shaft core, so that the effect of fastening the bearing is achieved. Firstly, due to the fact that the matching position is in threaded matching, dimensional tolerance and geometric tolerance are difficult to guarantee during machining of threads, poor matching of the end face of the lock nut and the contact surface of the bearing can be caused, and in the long-term operation process of the spindle, not only can machining precision be affected, but also the service life of the bearing can be affected; secondly, when the main shaft is maintained and replaced at the later stage, the threads of the locking nut and the shaft core are corroded and seized due to long-term use, and the main shaft is difficult to detach.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve at least one technical problem in the prior art, and provides a spindle bearing locking structure, an electric spindle and a machine tool.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
in a first aspect, a spindle bearing locking structure includes:
a body;
a shaft core supported by the machine body through a bearing;
the bearing gland is connected with the machine body and applies axial locking force to the outer ring of the bearing;
and the locking component is provided with an axial inner hole, the axial inner hole of the locking component is in interference fit connection with the shaft core, and the locking component applies axial locking force to the inner ring of the bearing.
With reference to the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the shaft core includes a large-diameter connecting portion and a small-diameter connecting portion, a radius of the large-diameter connecting portion is greater than a radius of the small-diameter connecting portion, the small-diameter connecting portion is closer to an end of the shaft core than the large-diameter connecting portion, an axial step is formed at a transition portion of the large-diameter connecting portion and the small-diameter connecting portion on an outer peripheral surface of the shaft core, a cavity is formed in a hole wall of the axial inner hole, a sealing oil cavity is formed at the axial step by the locking component and the shaft core through the cavity, and the shaft core and/or the locking component is provided with an oil supply channel communicated with the sealing oil cavity.
With the combination of the first aspect and the implementation manners described above, in some implementation manners of the first aspect, the axial inner hole of the locking component includes a large-diameter connecting section and a small-diameter connecting section, the aperture of the large-diameter connecting section is greater than that of the small-diameter connecting section, the large-diameter connecting section is connected with the large-diameter connecting section in an interference fit manner, the small-diameter connecting section is connected with the small-diameter connecting section in an interference fit manner, the hole wall of the axial inner hole is provided with a first annular groove at the transition portion of the large-diameter connecting section and the small-diameter connecting section, and the locking component and the shaft core are provided with a sealing oil cavity at the axial step.
With reference to the first aspect and the foregoing implementation manners, in certain implementation manners of the first aspect, the oil supply passage includes a first oil hole and a second oil hole that are opened at an end surface of the locking part, and the first oil hole and the second oil hole are symmetrically distributed with respect to the axial inner hole.
With reference to the first aspect and the foregoing implementation manners, in certain implementation manners of the first aspect, each of the first oil hole and the second oil hole includes a threaded hole formed in the axial direction, and the threaded hole is communicated with the first ring groove through an oil passing inclined hole.
With reference to the first aspect and the implementations described above, in certain implementations of the first aspect, a labyrinth seal is formed between the bearing gland and the locking component.
With reference to the first aspect and the foregoing implementation manners, in some implementation manners of the first aspect, the machine body is provided with an air passage leading into the labyrinth seal structure.
Combine first aspect and above-mentioned implementation, in some implementation of first aspect, still include the atmoseal ring, the atmoseal ring sets up in between bearing cover and the locking part, and with bearing cover interference fit connects, the atmoseal ring periphery is equipped with the second annular, the atmoseal ring with pass through between the bearing cover the second annular is injectd and is given vent to anger the chamber, the cell wall of second annular is equipped with a plurality of ventings along circumference labyrinth seal structure's gas pocket, the gas circuit is in bearing cover forms lets in the gas outlet of gas pocket.
In a second aspect, an electric spindle includes the spindle bearing locking structure described in any implementation manner of the first aspect.
In a third aspect, a machine tool comprises the electric spindle according to any one of the implementation manners of the second aspect.
One of the above technical solutions has at least one of the following advantages or beneficial effects: when the bearing is assembled, the locking component is heated, the axial inner hole of the locking component is correspondingly enlarged due to expansion with heat and contraction with cold, then the locking component is placed into the shaft core to apply certain pressure, and the bearing can be fastened after the locking component is cooled. The matching surface of the locking component and the shaft core is a straight surface or a cylindrical surface, compared with the prior thread matching, the dimensional precision of the straight surface or the cylindrical surface is higher during processing, and the dimensional and form and position tolerance can reach micron level; the structure of the thread fit is complex when the thread is processed, and the dimensional accuracy is difficult to ensure in a very high requirement range. The locking component described in the invention replaces thread locking with an interference assembly mode, has a simple structure, is easy to process, can ensure the dimensional precision and form and position tolerance of each part, increases the dimensional precision of related parts, ensures the rotation precision of the spindle in long-time processing, and improves the vibration and service life compared with thread matching.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a spindle bearing locking structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the locking assembly of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken at C-C of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1 at A;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1 at B;
figure 6 is a schematic view of an air seal ring structure of one embodiment shown in figure 1.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.
In the present invention, if directions (up, down, left, right, front, and rear) are described, it is only for convenience of describing the technical solution of the present invention, and it is not intended or implied that the technical features referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, it is not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is one or more, the meaning of "a plurality" is more than two, and the terms of "more than", "less than", "more than" and the like are understood to exclude the number; the terms "above", "below", "within" and the like are understood to include the instant numbers. In the description of the present invention, if there is description of "first" and "second" only for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, it is not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the precedence of the indicated technical features.
In the present invention, unless otherwise specifically limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and the like are to be understood in a broad sense, and for example, may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate; can be fixedly connected, can also be detachably connected and can also be integrally formed; may be mechanically coupled, may be electrically coupled or may be capable of communicating with each other; either as communication within the two elements or as an interactive relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above-mentioned words in the present invention can be reasonably determined by those skilled in the art in combination with the detailed contents of the technical solutions.
Fig. 1 shows a reference direction coordinate system of an embodiment of the present invention, and the following describes the embodiment of the present invention with reference to the direction shown in fig. 1.
The embodiment of the invention provides a main shaft bearing locking structure which is mainly used for fixing and locking a main shaft bearing and can be used for an electric main shaft or an external drive main shaft. Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment of the present invention is described only by taking the fixing of the bearing at the lower end of the main shaft as an example, the main shaft bearing locking structure includes a machine body 1, a shaft core 2, a bearing cover 3 and a locking member 4, and the shaft core 2 is supported on the machine body 1 through a bearing 5. The bearing gland 3 is connected with the machine body 1, and applies axial locking force to the outer ring of the bearing 5 to press the outer ring of the bearing on the machine body 1. The locking component 4 is provided with an axial inner hole 41, the axial inner hole 41 of the locking component 4 is connected with the shaft core 2 in an interference fit mode, and the locking component 4 applies axial locking force to the inner ring of the bearing 5 to tightly press the inner ring of the bearing on the shaft core 2.
When the bearing is assembled, the locking component 4 can be heated, the axial inner hole 41 can be correspondingly enlarged due to expansion with heat and contraction with cold, then the locking component is placed into the shaft core 2 to apply certain pressure, and the bearing can be fastened after the locking component is cooled. The matching surface of the locking component 4 and the shaft core 2 is a straight surface or a cylindrical surface, compared with the prior thread matching, the size precision of the straight surface or the cylindrical surface is higher when being processed, and the size and the form and position tolerance can reach the micron level; the structure of the thread matching is complex when the thread is processed, and the dimensional accuracy is difficult to ensure in a high requirement range. The locking component 4 described in the invention replaces thread locking by an interference assembly mode, the locking component 4 has a simple structure, is easy to process, and can ensure the dimensional precision and form and position tolerance of each part, increase the dimensional precision of related parts, and ensure that the rotation precision, vibration and service life of the spindle processed for a long time are improved compared with thread matching.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1 and 4, the shaft core 2 adopts a stepped shaft structure at the position where the locking component 4 is connected, the shaft core 2 comprises a large-diameter connecting part 21 and a small-diameter connecting part 22, the radius of the large-diameter connecting part 21 is larger than that of the small-diameter connecting part 22, the small-diameter connecting part 22 is closer to the end part of the shaft core 2 relative to the large-diameter connecting part 21, and the transition part of the large-diameter connecting part 21 and the small-diameter connecting part 22 forms an axial step 23 on the outer peripheral surface of the shaft core 2. The walls of the axial bore 41 are provided with cavities, which may be discrete or continuous. After the locking component 4 is connected with the shaft core 2 in an interference fit manner, the locking component 4 and the shaft core 2 form a sealed oil cavity 6 at the axial step 23 through the concave cavity, and the shaft core 2 and/or the locking component 4 are/is provided with an oil supply channel communicated with the sealed oil cavity 6. When the locking component 4 needs to be disassembled, only high-pressure oil needs to be injected into the oil supply channel, as shown in fig. 5, the high-pressure oil can form radial and axial pressure in a closed space between the locking component 4 and the shaft core 2, the radial pressure can expand the inner diameter of the locking component 4, and the axial pressure can push the locking component 4 out of the locking component 4 of the shaft core 2 due to the axial step 23 on the shaft core 2. The disassembly mode is simple and convenient, manual disassembly is replaced by high-pressure oil, time and labor are saved, and damage to parts during disassembly is avoided. The problem that the locking component 4 and the shaft core 2 are rusted and clamped due to long-time use is avoided.
The existing nuts locked by threads on the main shaft can only be disassembled by arranging a tool hole and matching with a disassembling tool during disassembling, and the disassembling tool specifications of the nuts with different sizes are different, so that the disassembling process is complicated; on the other hand, the thread locking nut can be corroded between threads after long-term use, and the threads can be seized when the nut is disassembled. The nut described by the invention can avoid the problems, the disassembly can be realized only by introducing high-pressure oil into the oil injection hole by a high-pressure oil gun during disassembly, and the locking part 4 described by the invention can achieve seamless fit due to high fit precision with the shaft core 2, so that the problem of rusting caused by contact with air can be avoided, and the high fit precision can be ensured after long-term use.
Further, referring to fig. 2 and 3, the axial inner hole 41 of the locking component 4 includes a large-diameter connecting section 42 and a small-diameter connecting section 43, the aperture of the large-diameter connecting section 42 is larger than that of the small-diameter connecting section 43, the large-diameter connecting section 42 is connected with the large-diameter connecting section 21 in an interference fit manner, the small-diameter connecting section 43 is connected with the small-diameter connecting section 22 in an interference fit manner, a first annular groove 44 is formed at a transition portion of the large-diameter connecting section 42 and the small-diameter connecting section 43 on the hole wall of the axial inner hole 41, the first annular groove 44 forms a continuous concave cavity surrounding the circumferential direction of the shaft core 2, after the locking component 4 is connected with the shaft core 2 in the interference fit manner, the first annular groove 44 is located at the position of the axial step 23, and the locking component 4 and the shaft core 2 form a sealing oil cavity 6 at the position of the axial step 23 through the first annular groove 44. The sealed oil cavity 6 is sealed through two sections of interference fit structures on two sides, and high-pressure oil in the sealed oil cavity 6 can provide more effective radial force and axial force for the locking component 4.
The oil supply passage may be provided to the shaft core 2 and/or the locking member 4, for example, in some embodiments shown in fig. 1, the oil supply passage includes a first oil hole 45 and a second oil hole 46 opened to an end surface of the locking member 4, and the first oil hole 45 and the second oil hole 46 may be used interchangeably as an oil filling hole and an oil discharging hole, respectively. When the locking component 4 is disassembled, the oil discharge hole is closed, and high-pressure oil is injected from the oil injection hole. When the locking member 4 is removed and then drained, air can be injected from one oil hole, thereby quickly draining the oil in the sealed oil chamber 6. It will be appreciated that the first oil hole 45 and the second oil hole 46 may also serve as oil injection holes at the same time when the locking part 4 is removed, and high-pressure oil may be injected at the same time. Wherein, the first oil hole 45 and the second oil hole 46 are symmetrically distributed relative to the axial inner hole 41, which can ensure the dynamic balance of the main shaft.
Further, referring to fig. 1, each of the first oil hole 45 and the second oil hole 46 includes a threaded hole opened in the axial direction, and the threaded hole communicates with the first ring groove 44 through a through oil slant hole 47. The structure form of the threaded hole can realize the quick butt joint of high-pressure oil and the locking component 4 and ensure the sealing property.
Referring to fig. 1, a labyrinth structure is formed between the bearing cover 3 and the locking member 4. Foreign matters can be effectively prevented from entering the bearing when the main shaft is used, so that the reliability of the main shaft in the use process is improved.
Further, referring to fig. 1, the body 1 is provided with an air passage 11 leading into the labyrinth structure. The wall of the machine body 1 is provided with an air hole which penetrates through the machine body in the axial direction, and gas with certain pressure is injected by connecting an external gas source, so that an air curtain is formed in the labyrinth seal structure, and the labyrinth between the locking part 4 and the bearing gland 3 is matched to form double protection on the bearing.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1, 4, and 6, the spindle bearing locking structure further includes an air seal ring 7, the air seal ring 7 is disposed between the bearing gland 3 and the locking component 4 and connected to the bearing gland 3 in an interference fit manner, a second annular groove 71 is disposed on an outer periphery of the air seal ring 7, an air outlet cavity 72 is defined between the air seal ring 7 and the bearing gland 3 through the second annular groove 71, a plurality of air holes 73 leading into the labyrinth seal structure are circumferentially disposed on a groove wall of the second annular groove 71, and the air holes form an air outlet leading into the air cavity in the bearing gland 3. The air seal ring 7 can uniformly distribute the air flow blown out from the air outlet in all directions to form an air curtain, so that the air seal effect is improved.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides an electric spindle, see fig. 1, including a motor and a spindle bearing locking structure in any of the above embodiments.
Embodiments of the present invention also provide a machine tool, including an electric spindle in any of the above embodiments.
In the description herein, references to "an example," "an embodiment," or "some embodiments," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the invention, and such equivalent modifications or substitutions are included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (6)
1. A spindle bearing locking structure, comprising:
a body;
a shaft core supported by the machine body through a bearing;
the bearing gland is connected with the machine body and applies axial locking force to the outer ring of the bearing;
the locking component is provided with an axial inner hole, the axial inner hole of the locking component is connected with the shaft core in an interference fit manner, and the locking component applies axial locking force to the inner ring of the bearing;
wherein, the axle core includes major diameter connecting portion and path connecting portion, the radius of major diameter connecting portion is greater than the radius of path connecting portion, the path connecting portion is closer to the tip of axle core for the major diameter connecting portion, the transition position of major diameter connecting portion and path connecting portion forms axial step at the outer peripheral face of axle core, the pore wall of axial hole is equipped with the cavity, locking part with the axle core pass through the cavity in axial step department forms sealed oil pocket, the axial hole of locking part includes major diameter linkage segment and path linkage segment, the aperture of major diameter linkage segment is greater than the aperture of path linkage segment, major diameter linkage segment with major diameter connecting portion interference fit connects, the path linkage segment with path connecting portion interference fit connects, the pore wall of axial hole in the transition position of major diameter linkage segment and path linkage segment is equipped with first annular, locking part with the axle core passes through first annular in axial step department forms sealed oil pocket, the axle core and/or locking part be equipped with the fuel feeding passageway of sealed oil pocket intercommunication, the fuel feeding passageway is including offering in the first oilhole and the second oilhole of locking part terminal surface, first oilhole and second oilhole are for axial hole symmetric distribution, first oilhole and second oilhole all include the screw hole of seting up along the axial, the screw hole through cross the oil taper hole with first annular intercommunication.
2. The spindle bearing locking arrangement of claim 1, wherein a labyrinth seal is formed between the bearing gland and the locking member.
3. The spindle bearing locking arrangement as claimed in claim 2, wherein the housing is provided with an air passage leading into the labyrinth seal arrangement.
4. The spindle bearing locking structure according to claim 3, further comprising an air seal ring, wherein the air seal ring is disposed between the bearing gland and the locking component and is connected with the bearing gland in an interference fit manner, a second annular groove is disposed on the periphery of the air seal ring, an air outlet cavity is defined between the air seal ring and the bearing gland through the second annular groove, a plurality of air holes leading into the labyrinth seal structure are circumferentially disposed on a groove wall of the second annular groove, and the air passage forms an air outlet leading into the air cavity in the bearing gland.
5. An electric spindle comprising a spindle bearing locking arrangement as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. A machine tool comprising an electric spindle according to claim 5.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110418806.2A CN113231657B (en) | 2021-04-19 | 2021-04-19 | Main shaft bearing locking structure, electric main shaft and machine tool |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110418806.2A CN113231657B (en) | 2021-04-19 | 2021-04-19 | Main shaft bearing locking structure, electric main shaft and machine tool |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN113231657A CN113231657A (en) | 2021-08-10 |
| CN113231657B true CN113231657B (en) | 2022-09-06 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202110418806.2A Active CN113231657B (en) | 2021-04-19 | 2021-04-19 | Main shaft bearing locking structure, electric main shaft and machine tool |
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Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2771439B2 (en) * | 1993-12-21 | 1998-07-02 | 日本精工株式会社 | Spindle device |
| CN102672455A (en) * | 2011-03-08 | 2012-09-19 | 上海梅山钢铁股份有限公司 | Hydraulic-disassembly cylindrical interference connection structure and assembly/disassembly method |
| CN202291424U (en) * | 2011-09-05 | 2012-07-04 | 武汉重型机床集团有限公司 | Hot-interference locking sleeve structure |
| CN103111639B (en) * | 2013-02-20 | 2016-02-03 | 浙江金汤机床有限公司 | A kind of interference pre-tension method of spindle of numerical control lathe |
| CN103231078B (en) * | 2013-04-07 | 2015-01-07 | 北京航空航天大学 | Device suitable for pre-tightening main shaft bearing of precision machine tool |
| CN205967444U (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2017-02-22 | 洛阳轴研科技股份有限公司 | Bearings of a high -speed main shaft's axial fastening structure |
| CN107237837A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-10-10 | 广州市昊志机电股份有限公司 | A kind of bearing locking component |
| CN107790747B (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2019-10-18 | 广州市昊志机电股份有限公司 | It is a kind of to press the electro spindle of gas sealing system with dual take offence |
| JP7206141B2 (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2023-01-17 | Ntn株式会社 | bearing device |
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