CN113229064A - Tomato planting method for adjusting microenvironment in hail suppression net - Google Patents
Tomato planting method for adjusting microenvironment in hail suppression net Download PDFInfo
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- CN113229064A CN113229064A CN202110576010.XA CN202110576010A CN113229064A CN 113229064 A CN113229064 A CN 113229064A CN 202110576010 A CN202110576010 A CN 202110576010A CN 113229064 A CN113229064 A CN 113229064A
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- tomato
- hail suppression
- suppression net
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- hail
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0206—Canopies, i.e. devices providing a roof above the plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a planting method for microenvironment in a hail suppression net adjusting net and tomato quality, and mainly aims to solve the problems that a hail disaster seriously affects tomato yield, and the hail suppression net is built, insufficient in illumination and prone to pest and disease damage. The invention designs the pressure-resistant and wind-resistant hail suppression net, and the light intensity is increased and the resistance of the tomatoes is improved by changing the microenvironment for the growth of the tomatoes in the hail suppression net.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, relates to a tomato cultivation method and influence of agricultural facilities on tomato quality, and particularly relates to a tomato planting method for adjusting microenvironment in a hail suppression net.
Background
Tomatoes, also known as tomatoes, persimmons and the like, are herbaceous plants native to south america that are used together with vegetables and fruits of the solanaceae family. The tomato generally has the plant height of 0.6-2 m, and the fruit is berry, has succulent texture, is approximately spherical, is rich in nutrition and has unique flavor.
Tomatoes are extremely vulnerable to various natural disasters during the growth period, wherein hail is one of the main natural disasters that endanger the growth of tomatoes. Hail is the most common climate disaster with strong convection in spring and summer, and has strong burst property, short time and great forecasting difficulty; in addition, the hail has large destructive power, seriously harms the production of tomatoes and causes great economic loss.
In the operation practice of tomato planting, the erection of hail suppression nets is an important measure for the safe production of tomatoes. Those skilled in the art can easily understand that the smaller the pore size of the hail suppression net is, the better the hail suppression effect is, but the smaller the pore size is, the larger the humidity in the hail suppression net is, the lower the illumination intensity is, and the growth of the tomatoes is adversely affected, so that the quality of the tomatoes is reduced. Therefore, the problem of how to solve the tomato growth and guarantee the tomato quality under the hail suppression net is always a trouble for tomato growers and technicians in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the yield and the quality of tomatoes are reduced due to the erection of a hail suppression net. To achieve the technical purpose, the invention provides a tomato planting method for adjusting the microenvironment in a hail suppression net.
Hailstones are mostly spherical, and the diameter distribution of hailstone particles is usually 0.1 cm-2 cm. The aperture of the hail suppression net is generally smaller than 2cm, and the smaller the aperture of the hail suppression net, the better the protection effect on crops is. Based on the construction method, the hail suppression net with a specific structure is constructed and applied to tomato planting. This kind of hail suppression net has changed the microenvironment that the tomato grows for the tomato also can reach good growth state in hail suppression net, thereby has promoted the tomato quality, has increased tomato output, has improved the economic benefits that the tomato was planted.
Specifically, the invention provides a tomato planting method for adjusting a microenvironment in a hail suppression net, wherein the hail suppression net is a latticed nylon net which is woven transversely and longitudinally; the aperture of the hail suppression net is 0.4-2 cm; when the average height of the tomato plants is 40-45 cm, paving a reflective film between ridges of the tomato plants; the daytime temperature in the hail suppression net is kept at 25-35 ℃, and the air humidity is kept at 30-40%; the temperature of the night in the hail suppression net is kept at 10-15 ℃, and the air humidity is kept at 35-45%.
Further, the invention also provides an erection method of the hail suppression net, and the specific erection method comprises the following steps: set up the stand around the tomato plot the upper portion of stand sets up the frame silk, the frame silk is along horizontal and longitudinal direction stretching flattening, hail suppression net tiling is fixed in on the frame silk.
The tomato plot is divided into a plurality of tomato planting districts with the length of 5.5-7 m and the width of 4.5-5.5 m by the upright columns.
Furthermore, the top end of the upright post is provided with a cross-shaped clamping groove, and the frame wire is arranged in the cross-shaped clamping groove.
Further, the reflective film is one of a silver gray film, a black film and a silver black double-color film.
The tomato planting method disclosed by the invention is applied to the aspects of adjusting the microenvironment for planting the tomatoes and improving the quality and the yield of the tomatoes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects or advantages:
(1) the cross-shaped clamping grooves are formed in the top ends of the upright columns of the hail suppression net, the frame wires penetrate through the cross-shaped clamping grooves to stretch and flatten along the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction to form the graticule, and then the hail suppression net is tiled and fixed on the frame wires, so that the hail suppression net can effectively improve the hail suppression impact resistance. In addition, the invention uses the ground tracing to connect the upright posts, further improves the stability of the hail suppression net and increases the overall wind resistance of the hail suppression net.
(2) The aperture of the hail suppression net is set to be 0.4-2 cm, and most hail disasters can be isolated within the range. Meanwhile, the inventor regulates and controls the microenvironment in the hail suppression net, so that the daytime temperature in the hail suppression net is kept at 25-35 ℃, and the air humidity is kept at 30-40%; the temperature of the night in the hail suppression net is kept at 10-15 ℃, and the air humidity is kept at 35-45%. And when the average height of the tomato plants is 40-45 cm, the light reflecting film is paved among ridges of the tomato plants. The tests of the inventor prove that the method changes the growth microenvironment of the tomato plants in the hail suppression net, effectively improves the growth resistance of the tomato plants, improves the quality and the yield of the tomatoes, and solves the problems of tomato diseases and the quality and the yield reduction of the tomatoes caused by the hail suppression net built in the prior art.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given to illustrate the technical aspects of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
The test is carried out in three consecutive years from 2018 to 2020 in the northern three villages test base of Huguan county of millet research institute of Shanxi agricultural university. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) the method for setting the hail suppression net comprises the following steps:
set up the stand around the tomato plot, long interval is 5.5 ~ 7m between the stand, and wide interval is 4.5 ~ 5.5m, and the stand uses the land to be traced and connects fixedly, and the stand top is provided with "ten" word draw groove, connects the mount silk through "ten" word draw groove, puts up the silk and follows the tensile flat exhibition of horizontal and longitudinal direction, will prevent hail net tiling again and be fixed in on the silk.
(2) Seedling culture: ploughing the land in 4 middle ten days of the year according to a conventional mode, applying 4-square rotten chicken manure as base fertilizer per mu, ridging and laminating, wherein the ridge height is 20cm, the ridge distance is 130cm, and sowing; transplanting when the tomato seedlings grow to 6 leaves and one heart, wherein about 2700 tomato seedlings are planted per mu.
(3) Microenvironment management in the hail suppression network: the daytime temperature in the hail suppression net is kept at 31 ℃, and the air humidity is kept at 30%; the temperature is kept at 12 ℃ at night, the air humidity is kept at 45%, and when the height of the tomato plants is 25cm, plant frame rods are erected on the ridges and are 50cm high. When the height of the tomato plant is 40cm, a silver black double-color reflective film is paved between ridges, and the black surface faces the ground.
(4) The vegetative traits of the tomato are measured during the tomato's growth period, the yield is determined, and the quality of the third ear of the tomato is determined.
The microenvironment in the tomato is controlled by setting the hail suppression net and the common planting method without setting the hail suppression net is compared, and specific data are shown in tables 1-4.
TABLE 1 comparison of internal and external microenvironments of hail suppression net
TABLE 2 comparison of moisture content at various depths of the internal and external lands of hail suppression grids
TABLE 3 comparison of tomato quality and yield inside and outside hail suppression net
TABLE 4 comparison of tomato growth vigor inside and outside hail suppression net
The data can be used for concluding that under the microenvironment in the hail suppression net, the growth condition of the tomatoes is good, hail disasters are avoided, the growth vigor of the tomato plants is improved and is obviously higher than the yield of the tomatoes without the hail suppression net, and from the quality of the tomatoes, the sugar-acid ratio of the tomatoes in the hail suppression net is far higher than that of the tomatoes without the hail suppression net (the higher the sugar-acid ratio is, the better the taste of the tomatoes is), so that the better the planting condition of the invention is, the yield of the tomatoes is greatly improved, and the quality of the tomatoes is also improved.
Example 2
The test is carried out in three consecutive years from 2018 to 2020 in the northern three villages test base of Huguan county of millet research institute of Shanxi agricultural university. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) setting up a hail suppression net according to the method of the embodiment 1;
(2) seedling culture: ploughing the land in 4 middle ten days of the year according to a conventional mode, applying 6-square rotten chicken manure as base fertilizer per mu, ridging and laminating, wherein the ridge height is 20cm, the ridge distance is 130cm, and sowing; transplanting when the tomato seedlings grow to 6 leaves and one heart, wherein about 2700 tomato seedlings are planted per mu.
(3) The micro-environment management in the hail suppression net comprises the following steps that the daytime temperature in the hail suppression net is kept at 35 ℃, and the air humidity is kept at 30%; the temperature is kept at 10 ℃ at night, the air humidity is kept at 45%, when the height of the tomato plants is 30cm, plant frame rods are erected on the ridges, and the frame rods are 50cm high. When the height of the tomato plant is 45cm, a silver black double-color reflective film is paved between ridges, and the black surface faces the ground.
(4) The vegetative shape of the tomato is measured during the tomato's growth period, yield is determined, and the quality of the third ear of the tomato is determined.
The hail suppression net is set up to control the tomato planting microenvironment and the hail suppression net is set up to control the tomato planting microenvironment in comparison with a common planting method, and specific data are shown in tables 5 and 6.
TABLE 5 comparison of control microenvironment in explosion-proof net with general planting method
TABLE 6 control of microenvironment and general planting method in explosion-proof net tomato yield and quality comparison
In addition, in the embodiment, hail suppression nets with different apertures are arranged, the illumination intensity in the hail suppression net is measured at 8:00, 12:00 and 18:00 respectively, and the result data is recorded in table 7.
TABLE 7. different aperture of illumination intensity in hail suppression net
According to the data, the problems that the growth environment of the tomatoes is changed due to the fact that the hail suppression net is erected in the prior art, the tomatoes are prone to being damaged by diseases and insect pests, and the yield is reduced are effectively solved, and due to the fact that the hail suppression net blocks a large amount of direct sunlight, photosynthesis of the tomatoes is seriously affected, sugar of the tomatoes is reduced, organic acid is increased, and the taste of the tomatoes is reduced. According to the invention, the proper pore size of the hail suppression net is selected, the planting method is improved, the specific temperature and humidity condition and the reflecting film are utilized, the growth environment of the tomatoes in the hail suppression net is changed, so that the tomatoes with excellent quality and better taste are grown, and the yield is greatly improved.
As described above, the present invention can be preferably implemented, and the above-mentioned embodiments only describe the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various changes and modifications of the technical solution of the present invention made by those skilled in the art without departing from the design spirit of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope defined by the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The tomato planting method capable of adjusting the microenvironment in the hail suppression net is characterized in that the hail suppression net is erected on a tomato plot, the height of the hail suppression net above the ground is 2.7-3 m, the hail suppression net is a latticed nylon net woven transversely and longitudinally, and the aperture of the hail suppression net is 0.4-2 cm;
when the average height of tomato plants is 40-45 cm, a reflective film is laid among tomato plant ridges, the daytime temperature in the hail suppression net is kept at 25-35 ℃, and the air humidity is kept at 30-40%; the temperature of the night in the hail suppression net is kept at 10-15 ℃, and the air humidity is kept at 35-45%.
2. The tomato planting method of claim 1, wherein the hail suppression net is erected by: set up the stand around the tomato plot the upper portion of stand sets up the frame silk, the frame silk is along horizontal and longitudinal direction stretching flattening, hail suppression net tiling is fixed in on the frame silk.
3. The tomato planting method of claim 2, wherein the columns divide the tomato plot into a plurality of tomato planting zones with a length of 5.5-7 m and a width of 4.5-5.5 m.
4. The tomato planting method of claim 2, wherein the top end of the upright post is provided with a cross-shaped clamping groove, and the stringing is arranged in the cross-shaped clamping groove.
5. The tomato planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the light-reflecting film is one of silver gray film, black film and silver black film.
6. Use of the tomato planting method of any one of claims 1-5 for regulating the microenvironment of tomato planting and improving tomato quality and yield.
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| CN202110576010.XA CN113229064A (en) | 2021-05-26 | 2021-05-26 | Tomato planting method for adjusting microenvironment in hail suppression net |
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| CN202110576010.XA CN113229064A (en) | 2021-05-26 | 2021-05-26 | Tomato planting method for adjusting microenvironment in hail suppression net |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN202285718U (en) * | 2011-10-25 | 2012-07-04 | 吕雅娟 | Hailstone protective net for crops |
| CN105052635A (en) * | 2015-08-13 | 2015-11-18 | 张彦山 | Dwarfing apple support with hail prevention function and building method thereof |
| CN105075584A (en) * | 2015-07-25 | 2015-11-25 | 安徽博发文化生态园有限公司 | Planting method for adding sweetness of tomato |
| CN105393758A (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2016-03-16 | 黄福忠 | Method for improving tomato yield and tomato quality by utilizing light source |
| CN107347416A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2017-11-17 | 合肥沁牧生态农业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods for improving tomato calcium uptake |
-
2021
- 2021-05-26 CN CN202110576010.XA patent/CN113229064A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN202285718U (en) * | 2011-10-25 | 2012-07-04 | 吕雅娟 | Hailstone protective net for crops |
| CN105075584A (en) * | 2015-07-25 | 2015-11-25 | 安徽博发文化生态园有限公司 | Planting method for adding sweetness of tomato |
| CN105052635A (en) * | 2015-08-13 | 2015-11-18 | 张彦山 | Dwarfing apple support with hail prevention function and building method thereof |
| CN105393758A (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2016-03-16 | 黄福忠 | Method for improving tomato yield and tomato quality by utilizing light source |
| CN107347416A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2017-11-17 | 合肥沁牧生态农业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods for improving tomato calcium uptake |
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