CN113227666A - 用于降低密闭空间中的氡浓度的装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种用于降低密闭空间中的氡浓度的装置(100),包括:管(10),其具有设置在密闭空间内的第一端(10a)和设置在外部的第二端(10b);双向风扇(1),其设置在管(10)内;热交换器(2),其设置在管(10)内;氡探测器传感器(5);控制单元(7),其连接到所述氡探测器传感器(5),并且适于从氡探测器传感器(5)接收氡浓度信息,与阈值进行比较;控制单元(7)与风扇(1)连接,从而根据氡探测器传感器(5)检测到的氡浓度,以一个旋转方向或另一个旋转方向启动风扇(1)的旋转。
Description
技术领域
本工业发明专利申请涉及一种用于降低密闭空间中的氡浓度的装置。
背景技术
众所周知,氡是由镭衰变形成的放射性稀有气体,而镭又是由铀衰变产生的。钋和铋是氡放射性衰变的剧毒产物。
作为一种放射性气体,当吸入时,氡对人类是致癌的。特别是,氡是肺癌的首要原因之一。
氡的主要来源是土壤。它从土壤中出来,分散在空间中,在密闭空间中积聚,对人体健康构成危险。在较小程度上,氡的其它来源是水和建筑材料,尤其是那些源自火山的材料,如凝灰岩或花岗岩。
密闭空间中的氡浓度越高,患癌症的风险就越高。此外,必须注意的是,在标准温度和压力下,氡是一种无味无色气体,因此只能使用特殊设备才能检测到它的存在。
可以使用无源设备在密闭空间中测量密闭空间中的氡浓度,该设备仅在检测周期结束时测量空间中的氡浓度;或者可以使用有源设备在密闭空间中测量密闭空间中的氡浓度,该设备在空间中使用提供氡浓度瞬时测量。
避免氡在密闭空间中积聚的直接方法是对所述空间进行通风。由于空间的升温或降温,这种技术通常不充分、无效且昂贵。
此外,已知没有能够与用于测量氡浓度的设备相互作用以有效且立即降低空间中的氡浓度的设备。
FR3059084公开了一种根据权利要求1的前序部分的用于降低氡浓度的装置。
US4915020公开了一种用于控制生活空间中受污染空气的***。
EP3168544公开了一种用于房间通风的通风装置。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足,设计一种用于降低密闭空间中的氡浓度的装置,该装置节能、高效、实用。
这些目的是根据具有所附独立权利要求1的特征的本发明来实现的。
有利的实施例出现在从属权利要求中。
本发明的装置由权利要求1限定。
根据本发明的装置的优点是显而易见的。由于设置了双向风扇,可以根据氡探测器传感器的检测来反转风扇的旋转。
附图说明
为了清楚起见,参照附图继续对根据本发明的装置的描述,附图仅具有说明性而非限制性的价值,其中:
图1是根据本发明的装置的纵向截面图;
图2是显示根据本发明的设备的电连接的框图。
具体实施方式
参考图1和图2,公开了根据本发明的装置,其总体上用附图标记100表示。
装置100的功能是减少/消除密闭空间中的氡浓度。
装置100包括管10,其具有适于布置在密闭空间内的第一端10a和适于布置在所述密闭空间外部的第二端10b。
该装置100包括风扇1,其设置在管10中并且适于强制输送管10内的空气。风扇1为双向风扇,可双向旋转。
装置100包括热交换器2,其设置在管10中以加热/冷却通过管10的空气。有利地,热交换器2是陶瓷类型的。热交换器2的作用是减少内部空间的空气与外部空间的空气之间的温差。
装置100包括氡探测器传感器5(图2),其适于检测所述密闭空间中氡的存在。氡探测器传感器5可以设置在管10和/或密闭空间中。
参考图2,设备100包括控制单元7。其连接到氡探测器传感器5。
控制单元7配置为从氡探测器传感器5接收关于密闭空间中的氡浓度的信息。控制单元7包括比较器70,其用于将氡探测器传感器5探测到的氡浓度与存储在比较器70中的阈值进行比较。
控制单元7连接到风扇1以根据氡探测器传感器5检测到的氡浓度来启动所述风扇1。
控制单元7配置为当氡探测器传感器5检测到密闭空间中的氡浓度高于比较器70的阈值时,启动风扇1,从而从密闭空间中抽取空气并将空气排出到密闭空间外部。
控制单元7配置为当氡探测器传感器5检测到密闭空间中的氡浓度低于或等于比较器70的阈值时,启动风扇1,从而从外部抽取空气并将空气引入密闭空间中。
参考图1,装置100有利地包括盖4,其设置在管10的第二端10b中。盖4的尺寸使得仅关闭管10的第二端10b的一部分。
有利地,装置100包括过滤器3,其适于过滤从外部引入管10中的空气。过滤器3设置在管10的第二端10b中,并且适于关闭管10的第二端10b当盖4关闭时未被盖4占据的部分。有利地,过滤器3配置为过滤空气动力学直径小于2.5μm的颗粒。
盖4连接到控制单元7,从而当气体氡探测器传感器5检测到密闭空间中的氡浓度低于或等于比较器70的阈值时,即,当风扇1旋转从而从外部抽取空气并将空气引入密闭空间时,控制单元7关闭盖4。这样,空气在被引入密闭空间之前被过滤。
控制单元7配置为当气体氡探测器传感器5检测到密闭空间中的氡浓度高于比较器70的阈值时,即,当风扇1旋转从而从密闭空间内部抽取空气并将空气排出到外部时,打开盖4。由此,过滤器3就不会被从密闭空间排出的空气所消耗。
有利地,装置100包括连接到控制单元7的压力传感器6,从而将关于密闭空间中空气的压力值的信息发送到控制单元7。
控制单元7配置为调节风扇1的速度从而增加密闭空间内的压力。
控制单元7使用来自氡探测器传感器5的信息来确定风扇1的旋转方向并使用来自压力传感器6的信息来确定风扇1的转速.
可选地,装置100包括其它传感器,例如湿度传感器、甲烷气体探测器传感器和/或温度传感器(图中未示出)。
当氡探测器传感器5探测到氡浓度高于存储在控制单元7的比较器70中的阈值时,所述控制单元7以第一旋转方向启动风扇1,从而使风扇1从密闭空间中抽取空气,然后将空气排出到外面。
控制单元7打开盖4,从而使得空气通过管10的第二端10b的开口10c从内部空间排出。
从密闭空间排出的空气通过管10,拦截热交换器2并与热交换器2进行热交换。
当氡探测器传感器5探测到氡浓度低于或等于控制单元7的比较器70中设置的阈值时,控制单元7反转风扇1的旋转方向,并以第二旋转方向启动风扇1,从而将来自外部的空气引入密闭空间。
控制单元7关闭盖4,从而关闭管10的第二端10b的开口10c。因此,空气被迫通过过滤器3进入管10。
综上所述,只对引入密闭空间的空气进行过滤。
在从外部引入空气的过程中,风扇1的速度被调整为对空气施加力并增加内部压力。事实上,高压值会阻碍氡的形成。
引入密闭空间中的空气通过管10,拦截热交换器2并与热交换器2进行热交换,从而使引入密闭空间中的空气不会引起密闭空间中温度的突然变化。
Claims (4)
1.一种用于降低密闭空间中的氡浓度的装置(100),包括:
-管(10),其具有适于放置在密闭空间内的第一端(10a)和适于放置在所述密闭空间外部的第二端(10b);
-风扇(1),其设置在该管(10)内,适于强制输送该管(10)内的空气;
-热交换器(2),其设置在该管(10)中以加热/冷却通过该管(10)的空气;
-氡探测器传感器(5),其适于探测所述密闭空间中氡的存在;
-控制单元(7),其连接到所述氡探测器传感器(5);所述控制单元(7)配置为从该氡探测器传感器(5)接收关于所述密闭空间中的氡浓度的信息;所述控制单元(7)包括比较器(70),其用于将该氡探测器传感器(5)探测到的氡浓度与存储在该比较器(70)中的阈值进行比较;所述控制单元(7)与所述风扇(1)连接,从而根据该氡探测器传感器(5)检测到的氡浓度而启动所述风扇(1);
所述装置(100)的特征在于:
所述风扇(1)为双向风扇;
所述控制单元(7)配置为,当该氡探测器传感器(5)检测到该密闭空间中的氡浓度高于该比较器(70)的阈值时,所述控制单元(7)以第一旋转方向启动该风扇(1),从而从所述密闭空间的内部抽取空气并将所述空气排出到外部;
-所述控制单元(7)配置为,当该氡探测器传感器(5)检测到该密闭空间中的氡浓度低于或等于该比较器(70)的阈值时,反转该风扇(1)的旋转方向,并且以第二旋转方向启动该风扇(1),从而使得该风扇(1)从外部抽取空气并将该空气引入该密闭空间中;
所述装置(100)还包括:
-盖(4),其设置在该管(10)的该第二端(10b)中;所述盖(4)的尺寸适于仅关闭该管(10)的该第二端(10b)的一部分;
-过滤器(3),其适于过滤从外部引入该管(10)中的空气;所述过滤器(3)设置在该管(10)的该第二端(10b)中并且适于关闭该管(10)的该第二端(10b)当该盖(4)关闭时未被该盖(4)占据的一部分;
所述盖(4)连接到所述控制单元(7),从而使得当该气体氡探测器传感器(5)检测到该密闭空间中的氡浓度低于或等于该比较器(70)的阈值时,所述控制单元(7)关闭该盖(4),并且当该气体氡探测器传感器(5)检测到该密闭空间中的氡浓度高于该比较器(70)的阈值时,所述控制单元(7)打开该盖(4)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置(100),其中所述热交换器(2)是陶瓷类型的。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置(100),包括压力传感器(6),其与该控制单元(7)连接,从而将该密闭空间内的空气压力值信息发送给该控制单元(7);所述控制单元(7)配置为调节该风扇(1)的速度,从而增加该密闭空间内的压力。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的装置(100),包括湿度传感器、甲烷气体探测器传感器和/或温度传感器。
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