CN113225181A - Method and system for terminal-selectable remote preparation of two-bit state based on cluster state - Google Patents
Method and system for terminal-selectable remote preparation of two-bit state based on cluster state Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for selectively and remotely preparing two bit states by a terminal based on cluster states, which comprises the following steps: determining a direct entangled channel between a sending user and a receiving user edge node, and determining GHZ channels between the receiving user edge node and a plurality of candidate receiving users; determining a target receiving user in a plurality of candidate receiving users, remotely preparing information to be transmitted for the target receiving user, carrying out base measurement operation by a non-target receiving user, and sending a measurement result to the target receiving user; and the target receiving user executes matrix operation on the held particles, and performs unitary operation according to the measurement result of the non-target receiving user to recover the information to be transmitted. The invention determines the target receiving user while constructing the direct entanglement channel, completes the terminal communication by the aid of the auxiliary operation of the non-target receiving user, effectively reduces the communication time delay, and can construct a matrix according to the dislocation information of each intermediate node to recover the information to be transmitted, thereby better meeting the requirements of actual communication scenes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical communication networks and information transmission, in particular to a method and a system for selectively and remotely preparing two bit states by a terminal based on a cluster state.
Background
In recent years, many researchers are keen on the research of quantum communication, and quantum communication is gradually shifted from point-to-point communication to quantum network-based communication. According to the definition of SECoQC (development of a Global Network for Secure Communication based on Quantum cryptography), the Quantum Communication Network is based on Quantum key distribution between nodes in the Communication Network, so that two Communication parties in the Network can accurately exchange theoretically safe keys. Quantum repeaters are generally adopted in a quantum communication network as intermediate nodes in the network, a chain channel can be formed by the mutual connection of entangled channels between the intermediate nodes, then the terminal nodes and the relay nodes in the network respectively implement Bell measurement operation on the held particles, finally, unknown quantum states to be transmitted are restored on the particles held by the destination nodes, and the communication between two communication nodes can be finally realized based on an EPR protocol.
With the proposal of bidirectional quantum state preparation, quantum state control preparation, multi-party quantum state remote preparation and the like, a plurality of quantum state remote preparation schemes are developed. At present, many quantum remote state preparation communication schemes are realized on the basis of the determined conditions of a sending user and a receiving user, and quantum state remote preparation schemes under the condition that the receiving user can select are lacked.
The cluster state is a novel multi-particle entangled state, has stronger stability and anti-interference performance compared with other types of entangled states, and simultaneously has the entangled characteristics of GHZ state and W state, and is widely applied to the research fields of quantum computing, Quantum Secure Direct Communication (QSDC), quantum state remote preparation and the like in recent years. Remote preparation of four-bit cluster state is theoretically realized in 2016, and success probability depends on the coefficient of quantum channel entanglement state. Subsequently, 2017 proposes that preparation of any multi-bit state is realized based on n maximum entangled two-bit quantum states, the scheme describes an expression of unitary operation in detail by using an iteration method, and the probability of successful preparation under general conditions and special conditions is calculated respectively. Then, 2019 proposes a remote preparation scheme of any four-bit state, and the scheme adopts a six-bit cluster state as a communication channel to realize communication between one sender and two information receivers. The above mentioned schemes are that both communication parties directly share the entangled channel to complete information transmission. However, in an actual communication environment, due to environmental noise and the like, channel bits may be dislocated to affect communication quality, and thus it is difficult to meet the requirements of an actual communication scenario.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects that the quantum communication scheme under the condition of receiving user selection is lacked and the communication quality is influenced due to the dislocation of channel bits, so that the communication quality is not in line with the requirements of an actual communication scene in the prior art.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a method for a terminal to selectively and remotely prepare a two-bit state based on a cluster state, where the system includes a sending user, a receiving user edge node, and a plurality of candidate receiving users, and the method includes:
determining a direct entangled channel between a sending user and a receiving user edge node, and simultaneously determining GHZ channels between the receiving user edge node and a plurality of candidate receiving users;
the method comprises the steps that a target receiving user in a plurality of candidate receiving users is determined while a direct entanglement channel is established, a sending user remotely prepares information to be transmitted for the target receiving user, a non-target receiving user carries out base measurement operation, and a measurement result is sent to the target receiving user, wherein the sending user constructs a matrix according to the information to be transmitted and carries out matrix operation and measurement;
and the target receiving user executes matrix operation on the held particles, and performs unitary operation according to the measurement result of the non-target receiving user to recover the information to be transmitted.
In one embodiment of the invention, determining a direct entangled channel between a sending user and a receiving user edge node comprises:
a plurality of intermediate nodes exist between the edge nodes of the sending user and the receiving user, and the plurality of intermediate nodes are connected by adopting a non-maximum entangled cluster state channel;
the sending user and each intermediate node respectively perform CZ operation on the held particles, the intermediate nodes perform Bell measurement on the held particles, the measurement results are sent to the sending user, and the sending user determines a direct entanglement channel between the sending user and the edge node of the receiving user according to the measurement results.
In one embodiment of the invention, the intermediate node sends the Bell measurement result to the sending user, and simultaneously, the intermediate node sends the channel bit error information to the sending user, and the sending user determines the channel matrix forming the direct quantum communication according to the measurement result and the channel bit error information.
In one embodiment of the invention, the edge nodes of the sending user and the receiving user are connected by adopting a non-maximum entangled cluster state channel.
In one embodiment of the invention, determining the GHZ channels between the receiving user edge node and a plurality of candidate receiving users comprises:
the edge node of the receiving user performs CZ operation, CNOT operation and base measurement on the held particle, and sends the measurement result to a candidate receiving user, and the candidate receiving user performs unitary operation on the held particle and builds a GHZ channel between the edge node of the receiving user and a plurality of candidate receiving users.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the receiving user edge node and a plurality of candidate receiving users are connected by using a maximum entangled cluster state channel.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the performing, by the target receiving user, an unitary operation according to a measurement result of a non-target receiving user, and the recovering the information to be transmitted includes:
if the measurement result of the non-target receiving user on the particles is | { x } > | { y } >, the target receiving user can directly recover the information to be transmitted; if the measurement result of the non-target receiving user on the particle is not | { x } > | { y } >, the target receiving user needs to perform Z operation on the held particle to recover the information to be transmitted.
Moreover, the present invention also provides a method for performing cluster state-based terminal-selectable remote preparation of two-bit states by a sending user, comprising:
determining a direct entanglement channel between a sending user and a receiving user edge node;
the method comprises the steps of establishing a direct entanglement channel, simultaneously determining a target receiving user in a plurality of candidate receiving users, remotely preparing information to be transmitted for the target receiving user, constructing a matrix according to the information to be transmitted, performing matrix operation and measurement, wherein non-target receiving users perform base measurement operation and send measurement results to the target receiving user, the target receiving user performs matrix operation on held particles, and performs unitary operation according to the measurement results of the non-target receiving users to recover the information to be transmitted.
In addition, the invention also provides a method for performing cluster state-based terminal-selectable remote preparation of two-bit states by a candidate receiving user, which comprises the following steps:
determining a GHZ channel between the receiving user edge node and a plurality of candidate receiving users;
a target receiving user which is determined while a direct entangled channel is established receives information to be transmitted which is remotely prepared for the target receiving user by a sending user, a non-target receiving user carries out base measurement operation, and a measurement result is sent to the target receiving user, wherein the sending user constructs a matrix according to the information to be transmitted and carries out matrix operation and measurement;
and the target receiving user executes matrix operation on the held particles, and performs unitary operation according to the measurement result of the non-target receiving user to recover the information to be transmitted.
In addition, the invention also provides a system for preparing two-bit state remotely based on terminal selection of cluster state, which comprises:
the system comprises a sending user, a receiving user and a transmitting user, wherein the sending user is used for remotely preparing information to be transmitted for a target receiving user, constructing a matrix according to the information to be transmitted and carrying out matrix operation and measurement, and a direct entanglement channel can be formed between edge nodes of the sending user and the receiving user;
a receiving user edge node, wherein the receiving user edge node and the candidate receiving users can form GHZ channels;
and the candidate receiving users comprise target receiving users and non-target receiving users, wherein the non-target receiving users are used for carrying out base measurement operation and sending the measurement result to the target receiving users, and the target receiving users are used for carrying out matrix operation on the held particles, carrying out unitary operation according to the measurement result of the non-target receiving users and recovering the information to be transmitted.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
the invention considers the situation that a plurality of candidate receiving users exist in the information transmission process, the communication process is divided into two steps of constructing a direct entangled channel by a sending user and a receiving user edge node and constructing a GHZ channel by the receiving user edge node and a plurality of candidate receiving users, the two steps can be simultaneously carried out, the sending user determines a target receiving user while constructing the direct entangled channel, the terminal communication is completed by the aid of the auxiliary operation of non-target receiving users, the communication time delay is effectively reduced, and the reason that the channel bit is possibly dislocated due to the influence of noise and the like is considered, the invention can recover the information to be transmitted according to the dislocated information construction matrix of each intermediate node, and the requirement of an actual communication scene is better met.
Drawings
In order that the present disclosure may be more readily and clearly understood, reference will now be made in detail to the present disclosure, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for selectively and remotely preparing two-bit states based on a cluster state terminal according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a channel diagram of the method for selectively and remotely preparing two-bit states based on the cluster state terminal according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a comparison table of the phase detection result of the sending user and the unitary operation of the target receiving user according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the following figures and specific examples so that those skilled in the art may better understand the present invention and practice it, but the examples are not intended to limit the present invention.
Before the present invention is described, the terms related to the present application will be described, which specifically include:
1. pauli array
Some unitary matrices, also known as Pauli matrices, are also used in the present invention. The specific form is as follows:
2. CNOT operations
The CNOT operation is a not gate operation, and the two qubits are a control bit and a target bit, respectively. When the control bit is |0>, the target bit is unchanged; when the control bit is |1>, the target bit is inverted. The matrix form that the CNOT operation acts on the qubit pairs is as follows:
3. controlling a phase gate
A control phase gate (CZ gate) having two input qubits, a control qubit and a target qubit. The function is as follows: when the control qubit is at |1> simultaneously with the target qubit, the phases of the two bulk states are inverted by π. The corresponding matrix form is:
example one
The following describes in detail a method for selectively and remotely preparing two bit states based on a terminal of a cluster state according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a method for selectively and remotely preparing a two-bit state based on a clustered terminal includes the following steps:
s100, determining a direct entangled channel between a sending user and a receiving user edge node, and simultaneously determining GHZ channels between the receiving user edge node and a plurality of candidate receiving users.
The system comprises a sending user, a receiving user edge node and a plurality of candidate receiving users, wherein the sending user and the receiving user edge node are connected by adopting a non-maximum entangled cluster state channel, and the receiving user edge node and the candidate receiving users are connected by adopting a maximum entangled cluster state channel.
Illustratively, determining a direct entangled channel between the sending user and the receiving user edge node comprises: a plurality of intermediate nodes exist between the edge nodes of the sending user and the receiving user, and the plurality of intermediate nodes are connected by adopting a non-maximum entangled cluster state channel; and the sending terminal and each intermediate node respectively perform CZ operation on the held particles, the intermediate nodes perform Bell measurement on the held particles, the measurement results are sent to the sending user, and the sending user determines a direct entanglement channel between the sending user and the edge node of the receiving user according to the measurement results. And the intermediate node sends the Bell measurement result to a sending user, and simultaneously sends the channel dislocation information to the sending user, and the sending user determines to form a channel matrix for direct quantum communication according to the measurement result and the channel dislocation information.
Illustratively, determining the GHZ channels between the receiving user edge node and the plurality of candidate receiving users comprises: and the edge node of the receiving user performs CZ operation, CNOT operation and base measurement on the held particle, and sends the measurement result to the candidate receiving user, and the candidate receiving user performs unitary operation on the held particle and constructs a GHZ channel between the edge node of the receiving user and a plurality of candidate receiving users.
S200, a target receiving user in a plurality of candidate receiving users is determined while a direct entangled channel is established, a sending user remotely prepares information to be transmitted for the target receiving user, a non-target receiving user carries out base measurement operation, and a measurement result is sent to the target receiving user, wherein the sending user constructs a matrix according to the information to be transmitted and carries out matrix operation and measurement.
Illustratively, the constructing a matrix according to the information to be transmitted and performing matrix operation and measurement by the sending user includes: constructing a matrix according to the information to be transmitted; and performing matrix operation by using the matrix, and constructing a phase measurement basis according to the phase information of the information to be transmitted to measure the particles.
S300, the target receiving user performs matrix operation on the held particles, and performs unitary operation according to the measurement result of the non-target receiving user to recover the information to be transmitted.
Illustratively, the performing, by the target receiving user, an unitary operation according to the measurement result of the non-target receiving user, and the recovering the information to be transmitted includes: if the measurement result of the non-target receiving user on the particles is | { x } > | { y } >, the target receiving user can directly recover the information to be transmitted; if the measurement result of the non-target receiving user on the particle is not | { x } > | { y } >, the target receiving user needs to perform Z operation on the held particle to recover the information to be transmitted.
In summary, the invention considers the situation that a plurality of candidate receiving users exist in the information transmission process, the communication process is divided into two steps of constructing a direct entanglement channel by a sending user and a receiving user edge node and constructing a GHZ channel by the receiving user edge node and a plurality of candidate receiving users, the two steps can be simultaneously carried out, the sending user determines a target receiving user while constructing the direct entanglement channel, the terminal communication is completed by the aid of the auxiliary operation of non-target receiving users, the communication time delay is effectively reduced, and in consideration of the reason that dislocation possibly occurs due to the influence of noise and the like on channel bits, the invention can recover the information to be transmitted according to dislocation information construction matrixes of each intermediate node, thereby better meeting the requirements of actual communication scenes.
With reference to fig. 1 and fig. 2, a method for selectively and remotely preparing two-bit states based on a clustered terminal according to the present invention will be described in detail by way of example.
In the embodiment, N +1(N >2) intermediate nodes exist between the sending user Alice and the candidate receiving user, non-maximum entangled cluster state channels are adopted between the nodes, and when the candidate receiving user Dave is determined to be the target receiving user, the sending user Alice and Bob jointly prepare two-bit quantum state information for the target receiving user Dave remotely. Wherein, Alice and Bob together serve as a sending user, and respectively hold part of quantum state information to be prepared, and Dave serves as a receiving user.
The state of the target remote preparation target of the target receiving user Dave helped by the sending user Alice and Bob in the transmission process is as follows:
wherein λ0,λ1,λ2,λ3Is a known parameter and satisfies a normalization condition
The sending user Alice holds amplitude information, and the sending user Bob holds phase information.
The edge nodes of the receiving users and the candidate receiving users are connected with each other by the maximum entangled cluster state channel, wherein a1,a2,…,an、b1,b2,…,bnBelonging to a receiving user edge node, c1,c2,…,cn、d1,d2,…,dnBelonging to candidate receiving users. The edge nodes of the sending user Alice and the receiving user are connected with each other through a non-maximum entangled cluster state channel, wherein the sending user Alice has particles
Intermediate node Charliei(i-1, 2, …, N +1) has particles
Receiving user edge node owning particle
a1,a2,…,an、b1,b2,…,bn. The overall quantum system state is represented as follows:
specifically, the method for selectively and remotely preparing the two bit states by the terminal based on the cluster state comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, the edge node of the receiving user is connected with 2n candidate receiving users by the maximum entangled cluster state channel, and the particle a1,a2,…,an、b1,b2,…,bn、c1,c2,…,cn、d1,d2,…,dnThe correction states are as follows:
receiving a user edge node pair particle (a)2i-1,a2i)、(b2i-1,b2i) (i ═ 1,2, …, n/2) respectively, CZ operations are carried out, where a is2i-1、b2i-1To control qubits, a2i、b2iFor a target qubit, the system state can be written as:
receiving a user edge node pair particle (a)1,a2),(a1,a3),…,(a1,an) And (b)1,b2),(b1,b3),…,(b1,bn) Performing CNOT operations, respectively, in which a1And b1Is a control qubit, a2,a3,…,anAnd b2,b3,…,bnFor a target qubit, the system state can be written as:
wherein { x } is a2,a3,…,anIs the 0,1 sequence of { y } is b2,b3,…,b n0,1 sequence of (a);
indicating that the inverse of x,
indicating that y is negated.
Receiving the user edge node and respectively corresponding to the particles a2,a3,…,anAnd b2,b3,…,bnExecute { |0>,|1>And (4) measuring the substrate, and sending the measurement result to a receiving user. Receiving user's respective pairs of particles c2,c3,…,cnAnd d2,d3,…,dnA corresponding unitary operation is performed and,and recovering the GHZ channel. The GHZ channel is formed between the edge node of the receiving user and the candidate receiving user as follows:
step two: the sending user Alice and the receiving user edge node are connected with each other through a non-maximum entangled cluster state channel, and the system state between the sending user Alice and the receiving user edge node can be expressed as follows:
sending the particles which are held by the Alice of the user and the intermediate nodes in a first pairing mode
Implementing a CZ operation, the system state may be written as:
the system state of the above equation can be written as:
intermediate node Charliei(i-1, 2, …, N) pairs of particles
And
are respectively given by | phi00>,|φ01>,|φ10>,|φ11>Implementing Bell state measurement for the measurement basis, sending the measurement result to Alice, and determining the direct entanglement channel between the sending user Alice and the receiving user according to the measurement result
Wherein
Wherein u, v and s, t are all 0,1 combinations.
Via an intermediate node CharlieiAfter the Bell measurement result and the dislocation information are published, a sending user Alice determines that a channel matrix forming the direct quantum communication is as follows according to the measurement result and the dislocation information:
the sending user Alice can form a direct entanglement channel with the receiving user edge node according to the measurement result of each intermediate node. For ease of analysis, the coefficients are redefined as follows:
it should be noted that the above-mentioned first step and the second step can be performed simultaneously, and the target receiving user in the plurality of candidate receiving users is determined while the direct entangled channel is constructed.
Step three: in the second step, after performing the Bell measurement on the held particle, assuming that the candidate receiving user Dave is determined to be the target receiving user, the sending user Alice remotely prepares two-bit quantum state information to be transmitted for the target receiving user Dave. Sending user Alice introduces auxiliary particle |0>rThe direct entanglement channel between the sending user Alice and the receiving user edge node can be written as:
the remaining 2n-2 candidate receiving users have the respective held particles c2,c3,…,cn，d2,d3,…,dnPerforming an H operation, the system state can be written as:
sending user Alice settings
And is
The Alice constructs a matrix according to the information to be transmitted as follows:
wherein
Information lambda to be transmitted during the construction of the matrixiWhen (i is 0,1,2,3) is 0, the corresponding sub-matrix
Sending user-to-user matrix
Acting in the system
On the particles of the (r) group,
can be written as：
And constructing a proper phase measurement basis { | mu ] according to the phase information of the information to be transmittedjk>(ii) a j, k ∈ {0,1} } on the particle pair
The measurement is performed. The measurement base is:
where | { x }>、|{y}>Is binary { |0>,|1>A sequence, and contains an even number of 1 s;
containing an odd number of 1 s.
Matrix array
Is of the matrix form:
wherein
In the above formula, m1,n1,m2,n2Represents the measurement result of the Bell state. Symbol
"-" and "-" represent exclusive OR, AND, and NOT operations, respectively.
Ignoring the global phase, the particle c held by the target receiving user Dave1、d1Execution matrix
And corresponds to the sending user projection measurements in fig. 3When Alice measures the particle r as |0>rA state associated with the target state may be obtained:
the target receiving user Dave receives the particle c according to the non-target receiving user2,c3,…,cn、d2,d3,…,dn0 { |>,|1>And recovering the target state according to the measurement result of the substrate. If not, receiving the user pair particle c2,c3,…,cn、d2,d3,…,dnIs | { x }>|{y}>The target receiving user Dave can directly obtain a target state; if the measured result is
The target receiving user Dave needs to have a pair with a particle d1Executing Z operation to restore the target state; if the measured result is
Target receiving user Dave needs to pair with holding particle c1Executing the Z operation; if the measured result is
The target receiving user Dave needs to perform c on the held particles1And d1The Z operation is performed and the target state can be recovered.
When the measurement result of the sending user Alice on the particles r is |0>rThe probability η that Alice helps the target receiving user to prepare the target state success is as follows:
when the measurement result of Alice on the particle r is |1>rBy which the direct entangled channel formed by the edge nodes of the sending and receiving users can be determinedThe parameters are respectively
The sending user can order
In the following, 2 undetermined candidate receiving users of the terminal and 2 intermediate nodes are taken as examples for illustration.
During the transmission process, the states of the target preparation object of the sending user Alice help target receiving user Dave are as follows:
The edge nodes of the receiving users and the candidate receiving users are connected with each other by the maximum entangled cluster state channel, wherein a1,a2,b1,b2Belonging to a receiving user edge node, c1,c2,d1,d2Belonging to candidate receiving users. The edge nodes of the sending user Alice and the receiving user are connected with each other through a non-maximum entangled cluster state channel, and the Alice has particles
Intermediate node Charlie owns the particle
Receiving user edge node owning particle
a1,a2,b1,b2The overall quantum system state is represented as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: the entanglement states between the edge nodes of the receiving users and the candidate receiving users are as follows:
receiving a user edge node pair particle (a)1,a2)、(b1,b2) Performing CZ operation respectively, and applying (a)1,a2),(b1,b2) Performing CNOT operation, the system state of the target node can be written as
Wherein { x } is a2Is the 0,1 sequence of { y } is b 20,1 sequence of (a);
indicating that the inverse of x,
indicating that y is negated.
Receiving the user edge node and respectively corresponding to the particles a2And b2Execute { |0>,|1>Measuring on a substrate, and measuringThe measurement results are sent to the receiving user. Receiving user's respective pairs of particles c2And d2And executing corresponding unitary operation to recover the GHZ channel. If the receiving user edge node pair is particle a2And b2All the measurement results of (1)>Then receiving the corresponding particle c of the user2And d2Executing the X operation; if receiving the user edge node pair particle a2And b2All the measurement results of (1) are |0>Measure the receiving user to the corresponding particle c2And d2An I operation is performed. The GHZ channel is formed between the edge node of the receiving user and the candidate receiving user as follows:
step two: the sending user Alice and the receiving user edge node are connected with each other through a non-maximum entangled cluster state channel, and the system state between the sending user Alice and the receiving user edge node can be expressed as follows:
sending user Alice and 2 intermediate nodes to pair particles first
Implementing a CZ operation, the system state may be written as:
after the intermediate node publishes the Bell measurement result and the dislocation information, the sending user Alice determines that a channel matrix forming the direct quantum communication is as follows according to the measurement result and the dislocation information:
step three: in thatIn the second step, after performing the Bell measurement on the held particle, assuming that it is determined that the candidate receiving user Dave is the target receiving user, the sending user Alice introduces the auxiliary particle |0>rThe direct entanglement channel between the sending user Alice and the receiving user edge node can be written as:
the remaining non-target candidates receive the particle c held by the user's couple2，d2Performing an H operation, the system state can be written as:
alice constructs a matrix according to the information to be transmitted and acts on the system
r particles, and constructing a proper phase measurement base according to the phase information of the transmitted information and comparing the phase measurement base with the phase information
Further measured, the system state can be written as:
where | { x }>、|{y}>Is binary { |0>,|1>A sequence, and contains an even number of 1 s;
containing an odd number of 1 s.
When the measurement result of Alice on the particle r is |0>rThe states associated with the target state may be obtained as follows:
the target receiving user Dave receives the particle c according to the non-target receiving user2，d2The target state can be recovered from the substrate measurement result. If not, receiving the user pair particle c2,c3,…,cn、d2,d3,…,dnIs | { x }>|{y}>The target receiving user Dave can directly obtain a target state; if the measured result is
The target receiving user Dave needs to have a pair with a particle d1Executing Z operation to restore the target state; if the measured result is
Target receiving user Dave needs to pair with holding particle c1Executing the Z operation; if the measured result is
The target receiving user Dave needs to perform c on the held particles1And d1The Z operation is performed and the target state can be recovered.
Example two
In the following, a system for selectively and remotely preparing two bit states based on a cluster state terminal according to a second embodiment of the present invention is introduced, and a system for selectively and remotely preparing two bit states based on a cluster state terminal described below and a method for selectively and remotely preparing two bit states based on a cluster state terminal described above may be referred to correspondingly.
A system for terminal-selectable remote preparation of two-bit states based on cluster states comprises:
the system comprises a sending user, a receiving user and a transmitting user, wherein the sending user is used for remotely preparing information to be transmitted for a target receiving user, constructing a matrix according to the information to be transmitted and carrying out matrix operation and measurement, and a direct entanglement channel can be formed between edge nodes of the sending user and the receiving user;
a receiving user edge node, wherein GHZ channels can be formed between the receiving user edge node and a plurality of candidate receiving users;
and the target receiving user is used for performing matrix operation on the held particles, performing unitary operation according to the measurement result of the non-target receiving user and recovering the information to be transmitted.
The system for selectively and remotely preparing two bit states based on a cluster state terminal of this embodiment is used to implement the foregoing method for selectively and remotely preparing two bit states based on a cluster state terminal, and therefore, the specific implementation of the system can be found in the foregoing embodiment of the method for selectively and remotely preparing two bit states based on a cluster state terminal, and therefore, the specific implementation thereof can refer to the description of the corresponding embodiments of the respective portions and will not be further described herein.
In addition, since the system for the terminal-selectable remote preparation of two bit states based on the cluster state is used to implement the method for the terminal-selectable remote preparation of two bit states based on the cluster state, the function corresponds to that of the above method, and details are not repeated here.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for terminal-selectable remote preparation of two-bit state based on cluster state is characterized in that the system comprises a sending user, a receiving user edge node and a plurality of candidate receiving users, and the method comprises the following steps:
determining a direct entangled channel between a sending user and a receiving user edge node, and simultaneously determining GHZ channels between the receiving user edge node and a plurality of candidate receiving users;
the method comprises the steps that a target receiving user in a plurality of candidate receiving users is determined while a direct entanglement channel is established, a sending user remotely prepares information to be transmitted for the target receiving user, a non-target receiving user carries out base measurement operation, and a measurement result is sent to the target receiving user, wherein the sending user constructs a matrix according to the information to be transmitted and carries out matrix operation and measurement;
and the target receiving user executes matrix operation on the held particles, and performs unitary operation according to the measurement result of the non-target receiving user to recover the information to be transmitted.
2. The method for cluster-state-based terminal-selectable remote preparation of two-bit states according to claim 1, wherein: determining a direct entangled channel between a sending user and a receiving user edge node comprises:
a plurality of intermediate nodes exist between the edge nodes of the sending user and the receiving user, and the plurality of intermediate nodes are connected by adopting a non-maximum entangled cluster state channel;
the sending user and each intermediate node respectively perform CZ operation on the held particles, the intermediate nodes perform Bell measurement on the held particles, the measurement results are sent to the sending user, and the sending user determines a direct entanglement channel between the sending user and the edge node of the receiving user according to the measurement results.
3. The method for cluster-state-based terminal-selectable remote preparation of two-bit states according to claim 2, wherein: and when the intermediate node sends the Bell measurement result to a sending user, the intermediate node sends channel dislocation information to the sending user, and the sending user determines to form a channel matrix for direct quantum communication according to the measurement result and the channel dislocation information.
4. The method for cluster-state-based terminal-selectable remote preparation of two-bit states according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: and the edge nodes of the sending user and the receiving user are connected by adopting a non-maximum entangled cluster state channel.
5. The method for cluster-state-based terminal-selectable remote preparation of two-bit states according to claim 1, wherein: determining the GHZ channels between the receiving user edge node and a plurality of candidate receiving users comprises:
the edge node of the receiving user performs CZ operation, CNOT operation and base measurement on the held particle, and sends the measurement result to a candidate receiving user, the candidate receiving user performs unitary operation on the held particle, and GHZ channels are constructed between the edge node of the receiving user and a plurality of candidate receiving users.
6. The method for cluster-state-based terminal-selectable remote preparation of two-bit states according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: and the receiving user edge node is connected with a plurality of candidate receiving users by adopting a maximum entangled cluster state channel.
7. The method for two-bit state selectable remote preparation by a cluster state-based terminal according to claim 1, wherein: the target receiving user performs the unitary operation according to the measurement result of the non-target receiving user, and the recovering of the information to be transmitted comprises the following steps:
if the measurement result of the non-target receiving user on the particles is | { x } > | { y } >, the target receiving user can directly recover the information to be transmitted; if the measurement result of the non-target receiving user on the particle is not | { x } > | { y } >, the target receiving user needs to perform Z operation on the held particle to recover the information to be transmitted.
8. A method for performing cluster-state-based terminal-selectable remote preparation of two-bit states by a transmitting user, comprising:
determining a direct entanglement channel between a sending user and a receiving user edge node;
the method comprises the steps of establishing a direct entanglement channel, simultaneously determining a target receiving user in a plurality of candidate receiving users, remotely preparing information to be transmitted for the target receiving user, constructing a matrix according to the information to be transmitted, carrying out matrix operation and measurement, carrying out base measurement operation on non-target receiving users, sending a measurement result to the target receiving user, carrying out matrix operation on held particles by the target receiving user, carrying out unitary operation according to the measurement result of the non-target receiving user, and recovering the information to be transmitted.
9. A method for performing cluster-state-based terminal-selectable remote preparation of two-bit states by a candidate receiving user, comprising:
determining a GHZ channel between the receiving user edge node and a plurality of candidate receiving users;
a target receiving user which is determined while a direct entangled channel is established receives information to be transmitted which is remotely prepared for the target receiving user by a sending user, a non-target receiving user carries out base measurement operation, and a measurement result is sent to the target receiving user, wherein the sending user constructs a matrix according to the information to be transmitted and carries out matrix operation and measurement;
and the target receiving user executes matrix operation on the held particles, and performs unitary operation according to the measurement result of the non-target receiving user to recover the information to be transmitted.
10. A system for terminal-selectable remote preparation of two-bit states based on cluster states, comprising:
the system comprises a sending user, a receiving user and a processing system, wherein the sending user is used for remotely preparing information to be transmitted for a target receiving user, constructing a matrix according to the information to be transmitted and carrying out matrix operation and measurement, and a direct entanglement channel is formed between edge nodes of the sending user and the receiving user;
a receiving user edge node forming a GHZ channel with the plurality of candidate receiving users;
and the candidate receiving users comprise target receiving users and non-target receiving users, wherein the non-target receiving users are used for carrying out base measurement operation and sending the measurement result to the target receiving users, and the target receiving users are used for carrying out matrix operation on the held particles, carrying out unitary operation according to the measurement result of the non-target receiving users and recovering the information to be transmitted.
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