CN113219052B - Method for judging and identifying primary support hole of weak surrounding rock tunnel - Google Patents
Method for judging and identifying primary support hole of weak surrounding rock tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN113219052B CN113219052B CN202110314555.3A CN202110314555A CN113219052B CN 113219052 B CN113219052 B CN 113219052B CN 202110314555 A CN202110314555 A CN 202110314555A CN 113219052 B CN113219052 B CN 113219052B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 220
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009527 percussion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/045—Analysing solids by imparting shocks to the workpiece and detecting the vibrations or the acoustic waves caused by the shocks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
- G01N19/08—Detecting presence of flaws or irregularities
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/0289—Internal structure, e.g. defects, grain size, texture
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for judging and identifying an initial support cavity of a weak surrounding rock tunnel, which comprises the following steps: knocking detection is carried out on the area which can be directly contacted with the primary support, drilling treatment is carried out on the position where the empty sound appears, and the position of the cavity is judged according to whether the virtual slag falls off after drilling; setting drilling points at intervals of a certain distance in an area which cannot be directly contacted with the primary support, wherein the certain distance is less than 100 cm; and (3) carrying out drilling treatment on the drilling point, carrying out preliminary judgment according to the drilling speed of the drill bit during drilling, and when the phenomenon that the drill bit enters too fast instantly when the drilling position is drilled and the broken slag falls off at the drilling position, re-drilling a second hole at the position 10-15 cm above the drilling point, and judging the position of the cavity according to the drilling speed of the drill bit during drilling of the second hole. The method for judging the primary support cavity of the weak surrounding rock tunnel can be used for more comprehensively checking and judging the interior of the primary support.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, and particularly relates to a method for judging and identifying an initial support cavity of a weak surrounding rock tunnel.
Background
The primary support of the tunnel is a main structure of the tunnel stress, and in order to ensure the stability of the primary support in a weak surrounding rock area, a mode of combining a steel arch frame and an anchor spraying net is generally adopted as the primary support, namely, the steel arch frame is adopted as an auxiliary support before the anchor spraying net structure is confirmed to be firmly combined with the weak surrounding rock behind the anchor spraying net structure. Because the steel arch and the metal net in the anchor spraying net are blocked, the concrete at the back positions of the steel arch and the metal net is not filled with water for sprinkling irrigation, so that a cavity is easy to generate; or in the process of concrete sprinkling irrigation, the upper concrete falls downwards due to the action of gravity, so that a cavity is formed between the concrete and the rock-soil layer behind the primary support. If the cavity exists, the primary support structure is deformed to form a water flow channel, the primary support bearing capacity is increased, and further the primary support deformation limit and even the safety accidents such as collapse, water burst, mud burst and the like can be caused. It is therefore an important means to prevent tunnel deformation how to check whether the primary support of the tunnel has voids or not in order to take measures in time.
The rubber hammer is usually adopted to knock on the surface of the primary support and judge whether the cavity exists or not according to reverberation, but workers are required to knock one by one along the surface of the primary support according to a certain distance, so that the efficiency is very low and the workers are very hard. In addition, a cavity exists between the concrete and the rock and soil layer behind the primary support, and reverberation occurs when knocking, so that the primary support at the position is easily misjudged to have the cavity; also, since a portion of the primary support is blocked by the steel arch and is not directly accessible, it is difficult to identify by frontal tapping.
Therefore, a method for judging whether the cavity exists in the primary support of the weak surrounding rock tunnel or not through comprehensive inspection is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is to solve at least the above drawbacks and to provide advantages to be described later.
The invention also aims to provide a method for judging the primary support hole of the weak surrounding rock tunnel, which can efficiently finish the judging work, aiming at the problems of complicated and low efficiency of the traditional method for judging the primary support hole of the weak surrounding rock tunnel.
The invention further aims to provide a method for judging the primary support hole of the weak surrounding rock tunnel, which aims at the problem that the labor intensity of the traditional method for judging the primary support hole of the weak surrounding rock tunnel is high.
The invention aims at providing a method for judging the primary support hole of the weak surrounding rock tunnel, which aims at the problem that the traditional method for judging the primary support hole of the weak surrounding rock tunnel is easily influenced by the hole in the rock soil layer behind the primary support and is misjudged as the hole in the primary support, so that misjudgment can be reduced.
To achieve these objects and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, a method for identifying an initial support void of a weak surrounding rock tunnel is provided, comprising:
knocking detection is carried out on the area which can be directly contacted with the primary support, drilling treatment is carried out on the position with the empty sound, and if the virtual slag falls off at the drilling position, the position of the cavity is judged to be inside the primary support; if no virtual slag falls at the drilling position, the position of the cavity is judged to be behind the primary support, and the cavity is not formed in the primary support.
Setting drilling points at intervals of a certain distance in an area which cannot be directly contacted with the primary support, wherein the certain distance is less than 100 cm; carrying out drilling treatment on the drilling points, and if the drilling speed of the drill bit at the drilling position is normal, judging that no hole exists in the primary support in the drilling direction of the drilling position; if the phenomenon that the drill bit enters instantly too quickly when drilling at the drilling position and no virtual slag drops at the drilling position, judging that a cavity exists in the primary support in the drilling direction of the drilling position; if the phenomenon that the drill bit enters instantly and the broken slag falls off at the drilling position occurs when the drill bit at the drilling position drills, a second hole is drilled at the position 10-15 cm above the drilling point, if the drilling speed of the drill bit at the drilling position of the second hole is normal, the condition that a hole exists in the primary support in the drilling direction of the first drilling point and the hole position reaches the drilling direction of the second drilling point is judged; if the second hole drill bit is drilled and enters too fast instantly, the position of the cavity is judged to be behind the primary support. The area where the primary support is not directly contacted is the area of the primary support part which is shielded behind the back of the steel arch.
In the scheme, firstly, the mode of knocking the area which can be directly contacted with the primary support and combining drilling treatment judgment can be adopted, so that the problem of misjudgment caused by feedback of air noise when a cavity exists between the concrete and the rock-soil layer behind the primary support can be avoided.
Secondly, drilling and detecting the area which can not be directly contacted with the primary support according to the distance so as to more comprehensively judge the position of the cavity of the primary support.
And the compactness feedback of the primary support layer at the drilling position is obtained according to the drilling speed of the drill bit during drilling, and judgment is carried out by combining the situation of falling of virtual slag at the drilling position, when the phenomenon that the drill bit enters too fast instantly during drilling occurs, and the virtual slag at the drilling position falls, a second hole is drilled, so that the cavity range at the position is further confirmed.
Preferably, the angle of the drilling is 45-60 degrees, and the depth of the drilling is 20-30 cm. Through the adjustment to drilling angle, increase the lateral detection scope behind the preliminary bracing, be convenient for discover the position of cavity.
Preferably, if the second hole is drilled too quickly, the third hole is drilled at the position 10-15 cm above the drilling point, and the drilling speed of the drill bit pushed to the last drilling point is normal, so as to determine the cavity range of the position.
The special knocking drilling device is adopted for knocking detection and drilling; the knocking drilling device comprises an electric sliding rail, a knocking hammer and a drilling machine.
The electric sliding rail is attached to the arc line of the steel arch; the electric sliding rail is also provided with a sliding block in a matched mode, and the top of the sliding block is in sliding connection with the electric sliding rail; the bottom of slider still is provided with electronic revolving stage, electronic revolving stage's left and right sides is provided with electronic guide rail, just electronic revolving stage can be relative the slider 180 rotation is in order to replace the electronic guide rail of both sides.
The knocking hammer is connected to any one of the electric guide rails and driven by the electric guide rail, and forms knocking on the primary support when the knocking hammer moves along the electric guide rail.
The drilling machine is connected to the other electric guide rail through the electric hydraulic telescopic rod and driven by the electric guide rail, and drilling holes for primary support are formed when the drilling machine moves along the electric guide rail.
In the scheme, the knocking and drilling operation is replaced by the knocking and drilling device, so that the labor intensity is reduced, and the working efficiency is improved.
Secondly, through knocking through the electric guide rail drive in the drilling equipment and knocking hammer and rig work, wherein, the tup of knocking hammer and the drill bit of rig are parallel with the electric guide rail that its is connected respectively, and the angle that can inject and beat and bore hole when electric guide rail drive is knocking hammer and rig work to the position in more efficient discovery cavity.
Furthermore, the position of knocking hammer and the position of drilling machine are convenient to adjust through the setting of electric rotating platform, and after knocking appears the empty sound, the position that the electric rotating platform will knock hammer and the drilling machine of accessible exchanges, timely drilling treatment.
The above scheme can also include the following technical details to better achieve the technical effects: the bottom of electronic slide rail is supported through the platform truck to make electronic slide rail can stabilize the laminating on the pitch arc of steel bow member, thereby avoid slider or electronic revolving stage to influence electronic slide rail in the removal of operation in-process.
The above scheme can also include the following technical details to better achieve the technical effects: the drilling machine is also connected with a pressure sensor, and when the drilling machine is drilling, if the drilling speed of the drill bit is normal, the stress of the pressure sensor is normal; if the phenomenon that the drill bit instantaneously enters too fast during drilling occurs, the stress of the pressure sensor is reduced, so that the stress state of the drill bit is fed back timely through the pressure sensor, and whether a cavity exists or not is judged.
Preferably, the electric rotating table is an isosceles trapezoid rotating table, the top surface of the electric rotating table is connected with the bottom surface of the sliding block, and the included angle between the side surface of the electric rotating table and the bottom surface is 45-60 degrees.
In the scheme, the included angle between the side face and the bottom face of the rotary table is limited, so that the angle of an electric guide rail connected to the electric rotary table is limited, and the operating angles of the knocking hammer and the drilling machine are limited.
Preferably, the knocking hammer is also provided with a sound receiving device in a matched mode, and the sound receiving device comprises a sound receiving cover and an earphone matched with the sound receiving cover.
The radio hood comprises a horn-shaped hood body and radio strips connected to the inner wall of the hood body; the small opening end of the cover body is connected to the hammer head of the knocking hammer, the large opening end of the cover body faces towards the same knocking direction as the hammer head, and the extending length of the radio cover does not exceed the hammer head; the sound receiving strip consists of a plurality of moving coil microphones, and is connected to the inner wall of the cover body in a ring shape.
And the earphone is in wireless connection with the sound receiving strip so as to receive the sound fed back by the sound receiving strip.
In the scheme, the radio device matched with the knocking hammer is arranged, so that the situation that an operator needs to be close to a detection position for judging whether a cavity exists or not is avoided, and the operator can select a safer and more comfortable environment for operation judgment in the cavity judgment process.
Secondly, the sound generated by knocking is isolated from the sound of the surrounding environment through the radio cover, and the earphone is matched for operators to judge, so that the interference of the surrounding environment can be better avoided.
Preferably, the knocking hammer comprises a hammer head and a hammer handle which are integrally formed, and the hammer head is made of rubber so as to buffer and absorb shock and prevent cracks from occurring at the knocking position due to knocking.
Preferably, the drilling machine is also provided with a virtual slag screening device in a matching way, and the virtual slag collecting device comprises a collecting pipe and a screening bottle.
The collecting pipe is a three-opening through pipe formed by a first pipe and a second pipe, a through hole matched with one end of the second pipe is formed in the side wall of the first pipe, and the second pipe is communicated with the first pipe through the through hole.
Openings are formed in the bottom and the side of the screening bottle, and the side opening of the screening bottle is connected to the second end of the second through pipe; a screen is arranged in the screening bottle, the screen is connected to the lower part of the screening bottle through an electric turnover mechanism, and the screening bottle is divided into an upper part and a lower part when the screen is horizontal; when the screen is turned down, the upper part and the lower part of the screening bottle are communicated.
In the scheme, the powder and the virtual slag generated after drilling are collected into the screening bottle through the virtual slag screening device, and smaller powder is filtered through the screen to leave the virtual slag, so that whether the virtual slag exists or not can be judged more intuitively.
The invention has the advantages that:
firstly, the method for judging the primary support cavity of the weak surrounding rock tunnel can avoid the problem of misjudgment caused by feedback of the cavity when the cavity exists between the concrete and the rock-soil layer behind the primary support by combining the knocking and drilling treatment judgment mode of the area which can be directly contacted with the primary support.
Secondly, the method for judging the primary support holes of the weak surrounding rock tunnel carries out drilling detection on the area which cannot be directly contacted with the primary support according to the distance so as to more comprehensively judge the hole positions of the primary support.
In addition, the method for judging the primary support cavity of the weak surrounding rock tunnel obtains the compactness feedback of the primary support layer at the drilling position according to the drilling speed of the drill bit during drilling, judges by combining the condition of the virtual slag at the drilling position, and further confirms the cavity range at the position by drilling a second hole when the phenomenon that the drill bit instantaneously enters too fast and the virtual slag at the drilling position falls occurs during drilling.
In addition, the method for judging the primary support hole of the weak surrounding rock tunnel increases the transverse detection range behind the primary support through adjusting the drilling angle, so that the position of the hole can be found conveniently.
In addition, the method for judging the primary support hole of the weak surrounding rock tunnel replaces manual knocking and drilling operation by the knocking and drilling device, so that the labor intensity is reduced, and the working efficiency is improved.
In addition, the method for judging the primary support hole of the weak surrounding rock tunnel drives the knocking hammer and the drilling machine to work through the electric guide rail in the knocking drilling device, wherein the hammer head of the knocking hammer and the drilling tool of the drilling machine are respectively parallel to the electric guide rail connected with the knocking hammer and the drilling machine, and when the electric guide rail drives the knocking hammer and the drilling machine to work, the angle of knocking and drilling can be limited, so that the position of the hole can be found more efficiently.
In addition, the method for judging the primary support hole of the weak surrounding rock tunnel is convenient for adjusting the positions of the knocking hammer and the drilling machine through the arrangement of the electric rotating table, and after the knocking is in the air, the positions of the knocking hammer and the drilling machine can be exchanged through the electric rotating table, so that the drilling treatment can be timely carried out.
In addition, the method for judging the primary support hole of the weak surrounding rock tunnel is used for limiting the included angle between the side surface and the bottom surface of the rotary table so as to limit the angle of the electric guide rail connected to the electric rotary table and further limit the operation angle of the knocking hammer and the drilling machine.
In addition, the method for judging the primary support hole of the weak surrounding rock tunnel is characterized in that the radio device matched with the knocking hammer is arranged, so that the situation that an operator needs to be close to a detection position for judging whether the hole exists or not is avoided, and the operator can select a safer and more comfortable environment for operation judgment in the hole judgment process. Meanwhile, sound generated by knocking is isolated from sound of surrounding environment through the radio cover, and the interference of the surrounding environment can be better avoided by matching with the earphone for operators to judge.
Finally, the method for judging the primary support hole of the weak surrounding rock tunnel passes through the virtual slag screening device so that the powder and the virtual slag generated after drilling are collected into the screening bottle, and smaller powder is filtered through the screen to leave the virtual slag, so that whether the virtual slag exists or not can be judged more intuitively.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a specific percussive drilling device for percussive detection and drilling in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the construction of the present invention during operation using a dedicated tap-and-drill apparatus for tap detection and drilling;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the sound receiving device of the special percussion drilling device for the percussion detection and drilling of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a radio housing in a special percussive drilling device for percussive detection and drilling in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a device for screening the ballast in a special percussive drilling device for percussive detection and drilling according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention by reference to the specification.
A special knocking drilling device is adopted in knocking detection and drilling, and comprises an electric sliding rail 1, a knocking hammer 2 and a drilling machine 3.
The electric slide rail 1 is attached to an arc line of the steel arch; a sliding block 11 is also arranged on the electric sliding rail 1 in a matched manner, and the top of the sliding block 11 is in sliding connection with the electric sliding rail 1; the bottom of slider 11 still is provided with electric turntable 12, electric turntable 12's left and right sides is provided with electric guide rail 13, just electric turntable 12 can be relative the slider 180 rotation is in order to replace electric guide rail 13 of both sides.
The knocking hammer 2 is connected to any one of the electric guide rails 13 and driven by the electric guide rail 13, and forms a knocking against the primary support when the knocking hammer 2 moves along the electric guide rail 13.
The drilling machine 3 is connected to the other electric guide rail 31 through an electric hydraulic telescopic rod 31 and is driven by the electric guide rail 31, and drilling holes for primary support are formed when the drilling machine 3 moves along the electric guide rail 31.
Further, the electric rotating table 12 is an isosceles trapezoid rotating table, the top surface of the electric rotating table 12 is connected with the bottom surface of the sliding block 11, and an included angle between the side surface of the electric rotating table 12 and the bottom surface is 45 ° to 60 °.
Further, the striking hammer 2 includes an integrally formed hammer head 21 and a hammer handle 22, and the hammer head 21 is made of rubber.
Furthermore, the knocking hammer 2 is also provided with a sound receiving device in a matching way, and the sound receiving device comprises a sound receiving cover 23 and an earphone 24 matched with the sound receiving cover; a sound pickup cover 23 including a horn-shaped cover 231 and a sound pickup bar 232 attached to an inner wall of the cover; the small opening end of the cover 231 is connected to the hammer head of the knocking hammer, the large opening end of the cover 231 faces the same knocking direction as the hammer head, and the extending length of the radio cover 23 does not exceed the hammer head; the sound receiving strip 232 is composed of a plurality of moving coil microphones, and the sound receiving strip 232 is annularly connected to the inner wall of the cover 231; and the earphone 24 is in wireless connection with the sound receiving strip 232 so as to receive the sound fed back by the sound receiving strip 232.
Further, the drilling machine 3 is also provided with a virtual slag screening device 32 in a matching way, and the virtual slag collecting device comprises a collecting pipe 321 and a screening bottle 322; the collecting pipe 321 is a three-opening through pipe formed by a first pipeline and a second pipeline, a through hole matched with one end of the second pipeline is formed in the side wall of the first pipeline, and the second pipeline is communicated with the first pipeline through the through hole; openings are formed in the bottom and the side of the screening bottle 322, and the side opening of the screening bottle 322 is connected to the second end of the second through pipe; a screen cloth 323 is arranged in the screening bottle 322, the screen cloth 323 is connected to the lower part of the screening bottle 322 through an electric turnover mechanism, and the screening bottle 322 is divided into an upper part and a lower part when the screen cloth 323 is horizontal; when the screen cloth 323 is turned down, the upper and lower parts of the sieving bottle 322 are communicated.
Further, the bottom of the electric sliding rail 1 is supported by the trolley 4, so that the electric sliding rail 1 can be stably attached to an arc line of the steel arch, and the electric sliding rail 1 is prevented from being influenced by movement of the sliding block 11 or the electric rotating table 12 in the operation process.
Furthermore, the drilling machine is also connected with a pressure sensor, the pressure sensor is connected with the drill bit to obtain the resistance of the drill bit, and the resistance is fed back to an operator through the controller, so that the operator can judge whether virtual slag exists according to the resistance state of the drill bit, and further judge whether a cavity exists.
Example 1
A method for judging and identifying an initial support cavity of a weak surrounding rock tunnel comprises the following steps:
for areas that can be directly contacted:
the area which is more than 25 cm away from the steel arch is an area which can be directly contacted with the primary support, the knocking detection is carried out on one end of the area which can be directly contacted with the primary support along the arch direction of the primary support to the other end, and the drilling treatment is carried out on the position where the air noise appears. If the broken slag falls off at the drilling position, judging that the position of the cavity is inside the primary support; if no virtual slag falls at the drilling position, the position of the cavity is judged to be behind the primary support, and the cavity is not formed in the primary support.
For areas that are not directly accessible:
firstly, setting a drilling point at intervals of less than 100 cm along the arch direction of the primary support in an area which is less than 25 cm away from the steel arch and is not directly contacted with the primary support, setting a drilling point at the joint of the steel arch, and carrying out drilling treatment on all the drilling points, wherein the drilling angle is 90 degrees and the depth is 30 cm.
Judging according to the drilling condition, if the drilling speed of the drill bit at the drilling position is normal, judging that the inside A of the primary support in the drilling direction of the drilling position is free of holes; if the phenomenon that the drill bit enters instantly too quickly when drilling at the drilling position and no virtual slag drops at the drilling position, judging that a cavity exists in the primary support A in the drilling direction of the drilling position; if the phenomenon that the drill bit enters instantly and the broken slag falls off at the drilling position occurs when the drill bit at the drilling position drills, a second hole is drilled at the position 10-15 cm above the drilling point, if the drilling speed of the drill bit at the drilling position of the second hole is normal, the condition that a cavity exists in the primary support in the drilling direction of the first drilling point and the cavity position reaches the drilling direction of the second drilling point is judged; if the second hole drill bit is drilled and enters too fast instantly, the position of the cavity is judged to be in the rock soil layer B behind the primary support. Wherein, the second hole is drilled by moving the first drilling point to the arch bottom direction by a distance of 10-15 cm.
Example 2
Step one of example 1 for the areas that are not directly accessible is replaced by: the area which is less than 25 cm away from the steel arch is an area which can not be directly contacted with the primary support, a drilling point is arranged at intervals which are less than 100 cm along the arch direction of the primary support in the area which can not be directly contacted with the primary support, a drilling point is additionally arranged at the joint of the steel arch, all the drilling points are drilled, the drilling angle is 60 degrees, and the depth is 30 cm.
The remaining parameters are identical to those of example 1, and the operation method and the identification method are also identical.
Example 3
Step one of example 1 for the areas that are not directly accessible is replaced by: the area which is less than 25 cm away from the steel arch is an area which can not be directly contacted with the primary support, a drilling point is arranged at intervals which are less than 100 cm along the arch direction of the primary support in the area which can not be directly contacted with the primary support, a drilling point is additionally arranged at the joint of the steel arch, all the drilling points are drilled, the drilling angle is 45 degrees, and the depth is 25 cm.
The remaining parameters are identical to those of example 1, and the operation method and the identification method are also identical.
Example 4
On the basis of embodiment 3, the determination of the area that is not directly accessible further includes:
thirdly, when the second hole drill bit drills, a phenomenon that the second hole drill bit instantaneously enters too fast occurs, then a third hole is continuously drilled at the position 10-15 cm above the second drilling point, if the drilling speed of the drill bit at the drilling position of the third hole is normal, the condition that a cavity exists in the primary support in the drilling direction of the first drilling point and the cavity position reaches the drilling direction of the third drilling point is judged; if the third hole is drilled by the third hole drill, the third hole is drilled at the position 10-15 cm above the third drilling point until the drilling speed of the drill bit at the new drilling point is normal, so as to obtain the range of the cavity.
The remaining parameters are identical to those of example 3, and the operation method and the identification method are also identical.
Example 5
Judging that the area which is more than 25 cm away from the steel arch is an area which can be directly contacted with the primary support:
step one, attaching an electric slide rail of a knocking drilling device on a steel arch, supporting the electric slide rail from the lower part by using a tunnel walking trolley, and fixedly connecting the electric slide rail with the trolley through a connecting piece so that the electric slide rail can be tightly attached to the steel arch while moving along with the movement of the trolley.
And secondly, adjusting the length of the electro-hydraulic telescopic rod so that the drilling position of the drilling machine and the knocking position of the knocking hammer are the same when the electric rotary table is rotated for 180 degrees under the state that the sliding block is not moved.
And thirdly, driving the sliding block to move at a constant speed along one end of the electric sliding rail to the other end of the electric sliding rail, and driving the knocking hammer to move along the electric sliding rail so as to knock the primary support. If no empty noise occurs, continuing to move forwards, if the empty noise occurs, stopping the movement of the sliding block, simultaneously rotating the electric rotating table by 180 degrees to exchange the positions of the drilling machine and the knocking hammer, then driving the electric guide rail to open the drilling machine at the same time so as to drill holes at the position where the empty noise occurs, and if no virtual slag falls at the drilling point, judging that no hole exists in the interior A of the primary support in the drilling direction of the drilling point; if the broken slag falls off from the drilling point, the position of the cavity is judged to be in the rock soil layer B behind the primary support, and the cavity is not formed in the primary support.
Judging that the area which is less than 25 cm away from the steel arch is an area which is not directly contacted with the primary support:
and step one, adjusting the length of the electro-hydraulic telescopic rod so as to adjust the drilling position of the drilling machine to the distance of 15-20 cm from the steel arch.
And step two, driving the sliding block to move at a constant speed along one end of the electric sliding rail to the other end, and stopping the sliding block to perform drilling when the sliding block runs less than 100 cm each time, or stopping the sliding block to perform drilling when the sliding block meets the joint of the steel arch. If the pressure feedback of the drill bit is normal during drilling at the drilling position, judging that no hole exists in the primary support in the drilling direction of the drilling position; if the phenomenon of instant pressure reduction occurs in the drill bit when the drilling position drills and no virtual slag falls in the drilling position, judging that a cavity exists in the primary support in the drilling direction of the drilling position. If the instantaneous pressure of the drill bit is reduced and the drill bit has broken slag falling in the drill position, firstly closing the drill, simultaneously driving the electric guide rail to reset the drill, then driving the sliding block to move forwards or backwards to a position of 10-15 cm, drilling a second hole, wherein the height position of the second hole is higher than that of the first hole, and if the pressure feedback of the drill bit is normal in the drill bit in the drill position of the second hole, judging that a cavity exists in the primary support in the drill direction of the first drill point and the cavity position reaches the drill direction of the second drill point; if the drill bit has the phenomenon of instant pressure reduction during the second hole drilling, the position of the cavity is judged to be in the rock soil layer B behind the primary support.
For judging the virtual slag, the powder generated after drilling can fall along with the virtual slag and be collected into a virtual slag screening device, and the powder particles generated by drilling can fall downwards from the holes in the screen mesh because of smaller powder particles; the pore diameter of the virtual slag is larger, the virtual slag is blocked by the screen and is left in the screening bottle, and an operator can directly and visually observe the condition in the screening bottle to judge whether the virtual slag exists.
Although embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the use listed in the specification and embodiments. It can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. Additional modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the specific details disclosed herein without departing from the general concepts defined in the claims and the equivalents thereof.
Claims (8)
1. The method for judging the primary support hole of the weak surrounding rock tunnel is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
knocking detection is carried out on the area which can be directly contacted with the primary support, drilling treatment is carried out on the position with the empty sound, and if the virtual slag falls off at the drilling position, the position of the cavity is judged to be inside the primary support; if no virtual slag falls at the drilling position, judging that the position of the cavity is behind the primary support, and the cavity is not formed in the primary support;
setting drilling points at intervals of a certain distance in an area which cannot be directly contacted with the primary support, wherein the certain distance is less than 100 cm; carrying out drilling treatment on the drilling points, and if the drilling speed of the drill bit at the drilling position is normal, judging that no hole exists in the primary support in the drilling direction of the drilling position; if the phenomenon that the drill bit enters instantly too quickly when drilling at the drilling position and no virtual slag drops at the drilling position, judging that a cavity exists in the primary support in the drilling direction of the drilling position; if the phenomenon that the drill bit enters instantly and the broken slag falls off at the drilling position occurs when the drill bit at the drilling position drills, a second hole is drilled at the position 10-15 cm above the drilling point, if the drilling speed of the drill bit at the drilling position of the second hole is normal, the condition that a hole exists in the primary support in the drilling direction of the first drilling point and the hole position reaches the drilling direction of the second drilling point is judged; if the second hole drill bit is drilled and enters too fast instantly, the position of the cavity is judged to be behind the primary support.
2. The method for identifying the primary support hole of the weak surrounding rock tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the angle of drilling is 45-60 degrees, and the depth of drilling is 20-30 cm.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein if the second hole is drilled too quickly, then drilling a third hole at 10 cm to 15 cm above the hole point, and so on until the drilling speed of the drill bit at the last hole point is normal, so as to determine the range of the hole.
4. A method for identifying an initial support void of a weak surrounding rock tunnel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tapping detection and drilling are performed by a special tapping and drilling device; the knocking drilling device comprises an electric sliding rail, a knocking hammer and a drilling machine;
the electric sliding rail is attached to the arc line of the steel arch; the electric sliding rail is also provided with a sliding block in a matched mode, and the top of the sliding block is in sliding connection with the electric sliding rail; the bottom of the sliding block is also provided with an electric rotating table, the left side and the right side of the electric rotating table are provided with electric guide rails, and the electric rotating table can rotate 180 degrees relative to the sliding block so as to replace the electric guide rails on the two sides;
the knocking hammer is connected to any one of the electric guide rails and driven by the electric guide rail, and forms knocking on the primary support when the knocking hammer moves along the electric guide rail;
the drilling machine is connected to the other electric guide rail through the electric hydraulic telescopic rod and driven by the electric guide rail, and drilling holes for primary support are formed when the drilling machine moves along the electric guide rail.
5. The method for judging a primary support hole of a weak surrounding rock tunnel according to claim 4, wherein the electric rotating table is an isosceles trapezoid rotating table, the top surface of the electric rotating table is connected with the bottom surface of the sliding block, and the included angle between the side surface and the bottom surface of the electric rotating table is 45-60 degrees.
6. The method for judging a primary support cavity of a weak surrounding rock tunnel according to claim 4, wherein the knocking hammer comprises a hammer head and a hammer handle which are integrally formed, and the hammer head is made of rubber.
7. The method for judging and identifying the primary support hole of the weak surrounding rock tunnel according to claim 5, wherein the knocking hammer is also provided with a sound receiving device in a matching way, and the sound receiving device comprises a sound receiving cover and an earphone matched with the sound receiving cover;
the radio hood comprises a horn-shaped hood body and radio strips connected to the inner wall of the hood body; the small opening end of the cover body is connected to the hammer head of the knocking hammer, the large opening end of the cover body faces towards the same knocking direction as the hammer head, and the extending length of the radio cover does not exceed the hammer head; the sound receiving strip consists of a plurality of moving coil microphones and is connected to the inner wall of the cover body in a ring shape;
and the earphone is in wireless connection with the sound receiving strip so as to receive the sound fed back by the sound receiving strip.
8. The method for judging and identifying the primary support hole of the weak surrounding rock tunnel according to claim 4, wherein the drilling machine is also provided with a virtual slag screening device in a matching way, and the virtual slag screening device comprises a collecting pipe and a screening bottle;
the collecting pipe is a three-opening through pipe formed by a first pipeline and a second pipeline, a through hole matched with one end of the second pipeline is formed in the side wall of the first pipeline, and the second pipeline is communicated with the first pipeline through the through hole;
openings are formed in the bottom and the side of the screening bottle, and the side opening of the screening bottle is connected to the second end of the second pipeline; a screen is arranged in the screening bottle, the screen is connected to the lower part of the screening bottle through an electric turnover mechanism, and the screening bottle is divided into an upper part and a lower part when the screen is horizontal; when the screen is turned down, the upper part and the lower part of the screening bottle are communicated.
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Inventor after: Chen Shikai Inventor after: Xie Rucai Inventor after: Qin Fujin Inventor after: Huang Xianying Inventor after: Liu Lei Inventor after: Gao Quan Inventor after: Peng Shaoyu Inventor after: Xiao Junzhi Inventor after: Xu Dianrui Inventor after: Zeng Junxiong Inventor after: Xing Like Inventor after: Zhang Chengwei Inventor after: Shi Lingyu Inventor after: Yang Miaohao Inventor after: Qiao Kai Inventor before: Chen Shikai Inventor before: Liu Lei Inventor before: Gao Quan Inventor before: Xiao Junzhi Inventor before: Xu Dianrui Inventor before: Qin Fujin Inventor before: Xing Like Inventor before: Peng Shaoyu Inventor before: Huang Xianying Inventor before: Xie Rucai Inventor before: Zhang Chengwei |
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Effective date of registration: 20240223 Address after: 530007 No.29 Keyuan Avenue, high tech Zone, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Applicant after: China Railway Tunnel Bureau Group Construction Co.,Ltd. Country or region after: China Applicant after: Guangzhou Nansha Municipal Engineering Co.,Ltd. Address before: 530007 No.29 Keyuan Avenue, high tech Zone, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Applicant before: China Railway Tunnel Bureau Group Construction Co.,Ltd. Country or region before: China |
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