CN113218999B - Detector and detection device for weakening root surface iron membrane and promoting wetland plants to absorb heavy metals - Google Patents
Detector and detection device for weakening root surface iron membrane and promoting wetland plants to absorb heavy metals Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a detector and a detection device for weakening a root surface iron membrane and promoting wetland plants to absorb heavy metals, wherein the detector comprises an excitation circuit, a balance circuit and a conversion circuit which are sequentially and electrically connected, an induction signal is coupled through a coupling inductor, relatively pure electric signals with a certain resonant frequency are isolated and extracted, the obtained voltage difference change at two ends of a resonant circuit can be fed back to a constant current circuit through a comparison amplifier to be compared with a preset reference voltage, and the comparison result is output to enable a power supply voltage to work in an expected voltage and current fluctuation range; the conversion circuit converts the original electric signal into an optical signal firstly and then into an electric signal, thereby not only playing the role of isolation between modules and avoiding the traction effect, but also obtaining good voltage signal output which possibly eliminates burrs and being beneficial to the accuracy of detection; the voltage-stabilizing amplifying circuit amplifies the weak electric signal to a signal range which can be processed by peripheral equipment, so that the normal operation of subsequent signal processing is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental detection, in particular to a detector and a detection device for weakening root surface iron membrane and promoting wetland plants to absorb heavy metals.
Background
Heavy metal pollution is one of the main sources of environmental pollution of three large quantities of water in the world. Heavy metals are difficult to be absorbed and degraded by organisms due to the stable chemical characteristics of the heavy metals, and can be enriched in organisms through food chains to influence the normal metabolic activities of the organisms. The heavy metal pollution of the soil has the characteristics of concealment, long-term property and irreversibility, and the heavy metal can directly or indirectly harm human health through contacting a food chain and other ways.
At present, the method for solving heavy metal pollution is as follows: the phytoremediation method is widely applied to remediation of heavy metal pollution of water, and by using some aquatic plants with the capacity of absorbing and accumulating heavy metals, on one hand, the concentration of the heavy metals in the water and sediments can be reduced, so that the effect of purifying the water is achieved; on the other hand, the device can receive goods and salvage plants regularly, and can recycle the goods and salvage the plants, so that secondary pollution caused by reentering the environment is avoided. Soil remediation methods, such as leaching, heat treatment, immobilization, chemical methods, and the like, which are not only costly and inefficient, destroy soil structures and microbial populations, but also may cause secondary pollution and the like, and are difficult to be applied in large areas; although the soil dressing and changing method can thoroughly remove the polluted soil in the polluted area, the cost is high, the use area is limited, and the problem of heavy metal pollution cannot be fundamentally solved.
Many aquatic plants can form iron film, for example, under waterlogging condition, the root system of the common wetland plants such as rice, carex, cattail, reed and potamogeton crispus is lack of oxygen on the surface of the root system, the oxygen in the air is transported to the root by the leaves and stems through special channels, and the oxidizing substances such as oxidase and iron-oxidizing bacteria are released to the rhizosphere environment by the root, so that a great amount of reducing substances exist in the flooded soil, and a layer of film-shaped wrappage mainly composed of iron oxide or iron hydroxide, namely the iron film on the surface of the root system, is formed. The root surface iron film generated under the waterlogging condition of wetland plants is mainly formed by an iron oxide adhesive film, the adhesive film is an amphoteric colloid, and can weaken the absorption capacity of wetland plant root systems to pollutants such as heavy metals through the actions of adsorption, oxidation-reduction, coprecipitation and the like, the thicker the root surface iron film, the more obvious the inhibition effect is, the chemical behavior and the biological effectiveness of various elements in soil are influenced, and the plant root systems are inhibited from absorbing the heavy metal pollutants.
Although certain results are achieved in water quality improvement in water pollution control in various countries in the world in recent years, no detector or detection device for weakening root surface iron membrane and promoting wetland plants to absorb heavy metals is ideal. Aiming at the situation, the invention provides a detector and a detection device for weakening an iron film on the surface of a root and promoting wetland plants to absorb heavy metals, which can effectively improve the prior art so as to overcome the defects.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a detector and a detection device for weakening an iron membrane on the surface of roots and promoting wetland plants to absorb heavy metals, which solve the problems in the prior art, and the specific scheme is as follows:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a detector for weakening an iron membrane on a root surface to promote wetland plants to absorb heavy metals, which comprises:
the excitation circuit is used for sensing and receiving the electric signal;
the exciting circuit comprises a coupling inductor, a capacitor, two operational amplifiers and a transistor;
the output end of the coupling inductor is electrically connected with the capacitor in series, and the coupling inductor and the capacitor which are electrically connected in series are bridged between the non-inverting input end of a second operational amplifier (A2) and the inverting input end of the second operational amplifier (A2);
the source electrode of the first transistor (G1) is electrically connected with the non-inverting input end of the second operational amplifier (A2), and the drain electrode of the first transistor (G1) is connected with the power supply;
the output end of the second operational amplifier (A2) is connected with the inverting input end of the first operational amplifier (A1), the non-inverting input end of the first operational amplifier (A1) is connected with a reference voltage, and the output end of the first operational amplifier (A1) is electrically connected with the grid electrode of the first transistor (G1);
the balance circuit is used for symmetrical balanced transmission of the electric signals;
and the conversion circuit is used for the isolated conversion of the electric signals.
Preferably, the balancing circuit includes a second transistor (G2) and a third transistor (G3);
the grid electrode and the drain electrode of the second transistor (G2) are simultaneously and electrically connected with the non-inverting input end of the second operational amplifier (A2) of the exciting circuit;
the grid electrode and the drain electrode of the third transistor (G3) are simultaneously and electrically connected with the inverting input end of the second operational amplifier (A2) of the driving circuit;
the source of the second transistor (G2) is electrically connected to the source of the third transistor (G3).
Preferably, the second transistor (G2) and the third transistor (Q3) of the balance circuit are equal in area and symmetrical in structure.
Preferably, the conversion circuit comprises a double optical coupling isolation converter and a resistor;
one end of the double-optical coupling isolation converter input port is electrically connected with the non-inverting input end of the second operational amplifier (A2) of the excitation circuit;
the other end of the input port of the double-optical coupling isolation converter is electrically connected with the inverting input end of the second operational amplifier (A2) of the excitation circuit;
and the collector end of the output port of the double-optical coupling isolation converter is connected with a power supply load, and the emitter end of the output port of the double-optical coupling isolation converter is connected to the inverting input end of the second operational amplifier (A2) of the exciting circuit through the resistor.
Preferably, the device further comprises a voltage-stabilizing amplifying circuit, wherein the voltage-stabilizing amplifying circuit comprises a fourth transistor (G4) and a voltage-stabilizing diode;
the base electrode of the fourth transistor (G4) is electrically connected to the emitter end of the output port of the double-optical coupling circuit optical coupling isolation converter, and the collector electrode of the fourth transistor (G4) is electrically connected to the collector end of the output port of the double-optical coupling isolation converter;
a cathode of the zener diode is electrically connected to the collector of the fourth transistor (G4), and an anode of the zener diode is electrically connected to the emitter of the fourth transistor (G4).
Preferably, the transistor adopts one or more of a field effect transistor and a bipolar transistor.
Preferably, the first transistor (G1), the second transistor (G2) and the third transistor (G3) are all NMOS transistors, and the fourth transistor (G4) is a bipolar transistor.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a detection device for weakening an iron membrane on the surface of a root to promote wetland plants to absorb heavy metals, and the detection device comprises the detector for weakening the iron membrane on the surface of the root to promote wetland plants to absorb heavy metals.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the detector and the detection device for promoting wetland plants to absorb heavy metals by weakening the root surface iron film, induction signals are coupled through coupling inductors, relatively pure electric signals with certain resonance frequency are isolated and extracted, the obtained voltage difference change of two ends of a resonance circuit is fed back to a constant current circuit consisting of a first operational amplifier (A1) and a first transistor (G1) through a comparison amplifier consisting of a second operational amplifier (A2) to be compared with a preset reference voltage, and the comparison result is output to enable a power supply voltage to work in an expected voltage and current fluctuation range; the conversion circuit converts the original electric signal into an optical signal firstly and then into an electric signal, thereby not only playing the role of isolation between modules and avoiding the traction effect, but also obtaining good voltage signal output which possibly eliminates burrs and being beneficial to the accuracy of subsequent detection; the voltage-stabilizing amplifying circuit amplifies the weak electric signal to a signal range which can be processed by peripheral equipment, so that the normal operation of subsequent signal processing is ensured. The two transistors are paired and balanced, so that a rectifying circuit consisting of the balancing circuit and the double-balanced optocoupler front end circuit of the conversion circuit can perform bidirectional rectification with consistent and symmetrical current; the negative feedback of the resistor R has the function of stabilizing gain; the voltage stabilizing diode carries out voltage clamping on the output voltage signal, avoids burning waste of external equipment when outputting a large signal, and protects the normal operation of the system.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and the embodiments in the drawings do not constitute any limitation to the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings may be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a detector for weakening an iron membrane on a root surface to promote wetland plants to absorb heavy metals.
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of an embodiment of the detector for weakening the iron membrane on the root surface to promote the wetland plants to absorb heavy metals.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, which are preferred embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a subset of the embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments; it should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined or explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships conventionally placed when the products of the present invention are used, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of the description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have specific orientations, be constructed and operated in specific orientations, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "horizontal", "vertical" and the like do not imply that the components are absolutely horizontal or hanging, but may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" merely means that the direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in a specific case to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Example one
The invention provides a detector for promoting wetland plants to absorb heavy metals by weakening a root surface iron membrane, which comprises the following modules: an excitation circuit for inductively receiving the electrical signal; a balancing circuit for symmetrical balanced transmission of electrical signals; a conversion circuit for isolated conversion of electrical signals. The specific circuit composition of the detector is described in detail below, as shown in fig. 2:
in this embodiment, the driving circuit includes a coupling inductor, a capacitor, two operational amplifiers, and a transistor; the output end of the coupling inductor is electrically connected with the capacitor in series, and the coupling inductor and the capacitor which are electrically connected in series are bridged between the non-inverting input end of a second operational amplifier (A2) and the inverting input end of the second operational amplifier (A2); the source electrode of the first transistor (G1) is electrically connected with the non-inverting input end of the second operational amplifier (A2), and the drain electrode of the first transistor (G1) is connected with the power supply; the output end of the second operational amplifier (A2) is connected with the inverting input end of the first operational amplifier (A1), the non-inverting input end of the first operational amplifier (A1) is connected with a reference voltage, and the output end of the first operational amplifier (A1) is electrically connected with the grid electrode of the first transistor (G1).
The induction signals are coupled through the coupling inductor, relatively pure electric signals with certain resonant frequency are isolated and extracted, the obtained voltage difference change at two ends of the resonant circuit is fed back to a constant current circuit consisting of the first operational amplifier (A1) and the first transistor (G1) through a comparison amplifier consisting of the second operational amplifier (A2) to be compared with a preset reference voltage, and the comparison result is output to enable the power supply voltage to work within an expected voltage and current fluctuation range.
In this embodiment, the balance circuit includes a second transistor (G2) and a third transistor (G3); the grid electrode and the drain electrode of the second transistor (G2) are simultaneously and electrically connected with the non-inverting input end of the second operational amplifier (A2) of the driving circuit; the grid electrode and the drain electrode of the third transistor (G3) are simultaneously and electrically connected with the inverting input end of the second operational amplifier (A2) of the driving circuit; the source of the second transistor (G2) is electrically connected to the source of the third transistor (G3).
It is worth pointing out that, in the present embodiment, the second transistor (G2) and the third transistor (Q3) of the balancing circuit have the same area and are two transistors with symmetrical structures. Therefore, the two transistors are paired and balanced, so that a rectifying circuit consisting of the balancing circuit and the double-balanced optical coupler front-end circuit of the conversion circuit can perform bidirectional rectification with consistent and symmetrical current.
In this embodiment, the conversion circuit includes a dual optical coupling isolation converter and a resistor; one end of the input port of the double-optical coupling isolation converter is electrically connected with the non-inverting input end of the second operational amplifier (A2) of the excitation circuit; the other end of the input port of the double-optical coupling isolation converter is electrically connected with the inverting input end of the second operational amplifier (A2) of the excitation circuit; and the collector terminal of the output port of the double-optical coupling isolation converter is connected with a power load, and the emitter terminal of the output port of the double-optical coupling isolation converter is connected to the inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier (A2) of the excitation circuit through the resistor.
Therefore, the optical coupling converter has an isolation conversion function, so that the electric signal can be converted and output under the condition of being exhausted, and a pure electric signal is obtained. The optical coupler has the function of isolation conversion, so that an electric signal is converted into an optical signal firstly and then is converted into an electric signal, the effect of isolation between modules is achieved, the traction effect is avoided, good voltage signal output for possibly eliminating burrs can be obtained, and the accuracy of subsequent detection is facilitated. Wherein, the negative feedback of the resistor R has the effect of stabilizing the gain.
In an optional embodiment, the detector for weakening the root surface iron membrane to promote the wetland plants to absorb the heavy metals further comprises a voltage-stabilizing amplification circuit, wherein the voltage-stabilizing amplification circuit comprises a fourth transistor (G4) and a voltage-stabilizing diode; the base electrode of the fourth transistor (G4) is electrically connected to the emitter end of the output port of the double-optical coupling circuit optical coupling isolation converter, and the collector electrode of the fourth transistor (G4) is electrically connected to the collector end of the output port of the double-optical coupling isolation converter; a cathode of the zener diode is electrically connected to the collector of the fourth transistor (G4), and an anode of the zener diode is electrically connected to the emitter of the fourth transistor (G4).
Therefore, the weak electric signal can be amplified to the signal range which can be processed by peripheral equipment through the voltage-stabilizing amplifying circuit, and the normal operation of subsequent signal processing work is ensured. The voltage stabilizing diode clamps the voltage of the output voltage signal, so that the situation that external equipment is burnt and wasted when a large signal is output is avoided, and the normal operation of a system is protected.
Note that the transistor in this embodiment may be one or more of a field effect transistor and a bipolar transistor. Preferably, the first transistor (G1), the second transistor (G2), and the third transistor (G3) in this embodiment are all NMOS transistors, and the fourth transistor (G4) is a bipolar transistor. Note that the transistor in this embodiment may have a structure in which the gate and the source of the depletion N-channel MOS transistor are connected, but it is needless to say that the transistor may have a structure in which the gate and the source of the depletion P-channel MOS transistor are connected, although not illustrated.
The invention weakens the root surface iron membrane and promotes wetland plants to absorb the working principle and the technical effect of the heavy metal detector: inductive signals are coupled through coupling inductors, relatively pure electric signals with a certain resonant frequency are isolated and extracted, the obtained voltage difference change at two ends of the resonant circuit is fed back to a constant current circuit consisting of a first operational amplifier (A1) and a first transistor (G1) through a comparison amplifier consisting of a second operational amplifier (A2) to be compared with a preset reference voltage, and the power supply voltage is enabled to work within an expected voltage and current fluctuation range through the comparison result output; the conversion circuit converts the original electric signal into an optical signal firstly and then into an electric signal, thereby not only playing the role of isolation among modules and avoiding the traction effect, but also obtaining good voltage signal output which possibly eliminates burrs and being beneficial to the accuracy of subsequent detection; the voltage-stabilizing amplifying circuit amplifies the weak electric signal to a signal range which can be processed by peripheral equipment, so that the normal operation of subsequent signal processing is ensured. The two transistors are paired and balanced, so that a rectifying circuit consisting of the balancing circuit and the double-balanced optical coupler front-end circuit of the conversion circuit can perform bidirectional rectification with consistent and symmetrical current; the negative feedback of the resistor R has the effect of stabilizing the gain; the voltage stabilizing diode carries out voltage clamping on the output voltage signal, avoids burning waste of external equipment when outputting a large signal, and protects the normal operation of the system.
Example two
An embodiment of the invention provides a detection device for weakening an iron film on a root surface to promote wetland plants to absorb heavy metals, which comprises the detector for weakening the iron film on the root surface to promote the wetland plants to absorb heavy metals.
It should be noted that all directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back \8230;) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship between the components, the motion situation, etc. in a specific posture (as shown in the attached drawings), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly. In addition, the descriptions relating to "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. Moreover, the technical solutions in the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it must be based on the realization of those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should also be noted that in the description of the present specification, reference to the description of "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "an example", "a specific example", or "some examples", etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, various embodiments or examples and features of various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without being mutually inconsistent.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A detector for weakening an iron membrane on the surface of roots and promoting wetland plants to absorb heavy metals is characterized by comprising:
the excitation circuit is used for sensing and receiving the electric signal;
the exciting circuit comprises a coupling inductor, a capacitor, two operational amplifiers and a transistor;
the output end of the coupling inductor is electrically connected with the capacitor in series, and the coupling inductor and the capacitor which are electrically connected in series are bridged between the non-inverting input end of a second operational amplifier (A2) and the inverting input end of the second operational amplifier (A2);
the source electrode of the first transistor (G1) is electrically connected with the non-inverting input end of the second operational amplifier (A2), and the drain electrode of the first transistor (G1) is connected with the power supply;
the output end of the second operational amplifier (A2) is connected with the inverting input end of the first operational amplifier (A1), the non-inverting input end of the first operational amplifier (A1) is connected with a reference voltage, and the output end of the first operational amplifier (A1) is electrically connected with the grid electrode of the first transistor (G1);
the balance circuit is used for symmetrical and balanced transmission of the electric signals;
the conversion circuit is used for the isolated conversion of the electric signals;
the balancing circuit includes a second transistor (G2) and a third transistor (G3);
the grid electrode and the drain electrode of the second transistor (G2) are simultaneously and electrically connected with the non-inverting input end of the second operational amplifier (A2) of the exciting circuit;
the grid electrode and the drain electrode of the third transistor (G3) are simultaneously and electrically connected with the inverting input end of the second operational amplifier (A2) of the driving circuit;
a source of the second transistor (G2) is electrically connected to a source of the third transistor (G3);
the conversion circuit comprises a double optical coupling isolation converter and a resistor;
one end of the input port of the double-optical coupling isolation converter is electrically connected with the non-inverting input end of the second operational amplifier (A2) of the excitation circuit;
the other end of the input port of the double-optical coupling isolation converter is electrically connected with the inverting input end of the second operational amplifier (A2) of the excitation circuit;
the collector terminal of the output port of the double-optical coupling isolation converter is connected with a power load, and the emitter terminal of the output port of the double-optical coupling isolation converter is connected to the inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier (A2) of the excitation circuit through the resistor
The detector also comprises a voltage-stabilizing amplifying circuit, wherein the voltage-stabilizing amplifying circuit comprises a fourth transistor (G4) and a voltage-stabilizing diode;
the base of the fourth transistor (G4) is electrically connected to the emitter terminal of the dual-optocoupler isolated converter output port, and the collector of the fourth transistor (G4) is electrically connected to the collector terminal of the dual-optocoupler isolated converter output port;
a cathode of the zener diode is electrically connected to the collector of the fourth transistor (G4), and an anode of the zener diode is electrically connected to the emitter of the fourth transistor (G4).
2. A detector according to claim 1, characterized in that the second transistor (G2) and the third transistor (G3) of the balancing circuit are of equal area and symmetrical construction.
3. The detector of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the transistor is one or more of a field effect transistor and a bipolar transistor.
4. The detector according to claim 3, wherein the first transistor (G1), the second transistor (G2) and the third transistor (G3) are all NMOS transistors, and the fourth transistor (G4) is a bipolar transistor.
5. The device for detecting the heavy metal absorption promotion of the wetland plants by the weakened root surface iron film is characterized by comprising the detector for detecting the heavy metal absorption promotion of the wetland plants by the weakened root surface iron film according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
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| CN110221091A (en) * | 2019-06-10 | 2019-09-10 | 合肥工业大学 | A kind of weak signal extraction for surveying Rotational Speed of Asynchronous Motor based on actinobolia |
| CN212228907U (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2020-12-25 | 东莞理工学院 | Collector and detection device for purifying arsenic content of vertical flow constructed wetland micro-polluted water source |
| CN212228932U (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2020-12-25 | 东莞理工学院 | Collector and detection device for detecting heavy metal content absorbed by root surface iron film wetland plants |
| CN211457473U (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2020-09-08 | 河南紫联物联网技术有限公司 | Dimming circuit and dimming switch |
| CN112003628A (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2020-11-27 | 杨欣 | Drive circuit and 5G electronic equipment |
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