CN113217095A - Advanced dewatering and dewatering system and method for sandstone aquifer and construction method - Google Patents
Advanced dewatering and dewatering system and method for sandstone aquifer and construction method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an advanced dewatering system, method and construction method for a sandstone aquifer, wherein the advanced dewatering system for the sandstone aquifer comprises the following components: vertically, water pumping holes are arranged to intersect the inclined shaft at the sandstone aquifer; and arranging a drainage hole group around the inclined shaft in the sandstone water-containing layer along the axial direction of the inclined shaft, wherein the drainage hole group consists of a plurality of drainage branch holes, and the drainage branch holes are respectively communicated with the water pumping holes. According to the method and the system for leading dewatering of the sandstone aquifer, the water of the water-rich low-permeability huge thick sandstone aquifer is led to be drained, drained and pumped before the inclined shaft construction by using the mode that the long-distance drainage hole is communicated with the large-caliber water pumping hole, so that the problem that the water of the water-rich low-permeability huge thick sandstone aquifer is difficult to pump and descend is solved, and the geological guarantee is provided for realizing safe and rapid tunneling of the inclined shaft. Compared with the traditional freezing, grouting after the wall and other methods, the method has the advantages that the cost and the construction difficulty are reduced, and the efficiency, the reliability and the safety of dewatering are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of coal mine water prevention and control, and particularly relates to an advanced dewatering and water reducing system, method and construction method for a sandstone aquifer, which are particularly suitable for advanced dewatering and water reducing when an inclined shaft passes through a water-rich low-permeability huge sandstone aquifer.
Background
In northwest Jurassic coal fields of ten coal production bases in China, a chalk-based stratum generally develops a layer of huge-thick medium-coarse-grain red sandstone commonly called lohequ sandstone, the thickness of the lohequ sandstone is about 300-500 m, the engineering geological characteristics of large pore space, obvious bedding, low strength, easy weathering and the like are provided, and the hydrogeological characteristics of high water pressure, medium-strong water-rich property, poor permeability, medium and extremely heterogeneous property, easy drainage and difficult pumping and dropping are provided.
At the initial stage of building a well in a well engineering mine, the inclined shaft inevitably exposes the sandstone aquifer, and the construction of the inclined shaft is threatened by surrounding rock deformation and water inrush under the influence of high water pressure, high ground stress, poor rock cementation, low strength and other geological environmental factors. The methods of deep well point dewatering, grouting after the wall and freezing are difficult to realize the rapid and safe tunneling. Although the deep well point dewatering method has strong applicability to a water-bearing stratum with high permeability of rich water, the dewatering effect of the method hardly meets the construction requirement of the inclined shaft due to the characteristics of poor permeability of the lohe sandstone, required dewatering depth of hundreds of meters and easy drainage and difficult pumping and lowering, the required engineering quantity is large, and the construction speed and the construction safety are seriously influenced; even in a ore region with shallow depth buried in the lohey sandstone, the precipitation of a deep well point cannot realize the integral reduction of the water level due to the heterogeneity and anisotropy of a sandstone aquifer, and a low-permeability region and a high-water-level region are easy to exist. For the wall back grouting method, as the diffusion rule and mechanism of the grouting material in the sandstone are not clear, the parameter selection and grouting control are difficult, the grouting effect cannot be ensured, residual stress can be formed in the stratum after grouting to be not beneficial to the driving of an inclined shaft, and the investment of grouting construction is very large for a long-distance inclined shaft. For a freezing method, the rocky river sandstone is very sensitive to freezing and thawing action, so that primary micropore fractures in rocks are further developed and expanded due to freezing and expansion of water in the rocks during freezing, the unfrozen rocky sandstone in the rocky river is continuously deteriorated in strength and increased in deformation, main fractures in the sandstone are widened and accompanied with numerous secondary fractures after freezing and thawing damage, the deformation cannot be recovered completely after unfreezing, and further deformation can be generated under the action of external pressure, so that an inclined shaft is deformed to crack a well wall, and therefore the water-rich property and permeability of an unfrozen sandstone water-bearing layer are enhanced, the structure and the strength are poor, the deformation stability of the inclined shaft wall is poor, and the threat of water inrush is greater.
Therefore, the development of an advanced dewatering method for penetrating the aquifer of the huge water-rich sandstone in a long distance by using the inclined shaft is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a system, a method and a construction method for leading drainage and precipitation of a sandstone aquifer, which are used for collecting, draining and pumping water of the aquifer by adopting a sectional combined drainage and precipitation method, rapidly reducing the water level of the huge and thick sandstone aquifer to a safe water line and meeting the requirement of inclined shaft tunneling.
Specifically, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a leading dewatering system for a sandstone aquifer, comprising: water pumping holes are vertically arranged to intersect the inclined shaft at the sandstone aquifer; and arranging a drainage hole group around the inclined shaft in the sandstone water-containing layer along the axial direction of the inclined shaft, wherein the drainage hole group consists of a plurality of drainage branch holes, and the drainage branch holes are respectively communicated with the water pumping holes.
Optionally, four drainage branch holes are uniformly arranged around the inclined shaft; the distance between the central axis of the drainage branch hole and the central axis of the inclined shaft is 14-34 m.
Optionally, the diameter of the branch hole of the drainage hole is 98-200 mm, and the length of the branch hole is 300-400 m; along vertical, the termination end in inclined shaft bottom plate of pumping hole is 5 ~ 10m down, and the aperture in pumping hole is 310 ~ 450 mm.
Optionally, the drainage hole group forms a combined drainage descending section between the starting end of the ground surface and the perforation position of the water pumping hole on the ground surface.
A leading dewatering system for a sandstone aquifer, comprising: water pumping holes are vertically arranged to intersect the inclined shaft at the sandstone aquifer; arranging a drainage hole group around the inclined shaft in the sandstone water-bearing layer along the axial direction of the inclined shaft, wherein the drainage hole group is communicated with the water pumping hole; the drainage hole group comprises a first drainage branch hole, a second drainage branch hole, a third drainage branch hole and a fourth drainage branch hole which are arranged along the cross direction.
A method for leading and thinning water in a sandstone aquifer comprises the following steps:
s1: constructing an advance dewatering system of a sandstone aquifer: arranging a drainage hole group around the inclined shaft in the sandstone water-bearing layer along the axial direction of the inclined shaft; the water pumping hole is vertically arranged, the projection point from the termination end of the drainage hole group to the ground surface is a drilling hole position of the water pumping hole, the drainage hole group consists of a plurality of drainage branch holes, and the drainage branch holes are respectively communicated with the water pumping hole;
s2: forming a combined drainage pumping and descending section: determining a projection point of a junction point of the inclined shaft and the sandstone aquifer on the ground surface, wherein the front end which is less than or equal to 50m away from the projection point is the starting end of a drainage hole group, and a joint drainage pumping-down section is formed between the starting end of the drainage hole group on the ground surface and a pumping hole on the ground surface;
s3: determining the number of the combined drainage pumping and descending sections: determining the distance of the inclined shaft penetrating through the sandstone aquifer according to the thickness of the sandstone aquifer and the angle of the inclined shaft, and estimating the water quantity required to be pumped and dropped in the safety construction; and determining the number of the combined drainage pumping-down sections by combining the aperture and the length of the drainage branch hole.
Optionally, the number of the combined drainage pumping-down sections is calculated by the following formula;
in the formula, N is the number of the combined drawdown sections and the unit: a plurality of; q is the water quantity that need take out the descending for safe construction, unit: m is3S; d is the aperture of the drainage branch hole, unit: mm; rhoDensity of water, unit: kg/m3(ii) a μ is the hydrodynamic viscosity coefficient of water, in units: 10- 6kPa · s; τ is the in-hole roughness of the drainage branch hole, unit: mm; l is the length of the drainage branch pore, unit: m; g is the acceleration of gravity, unit: m/s2(ii) a H is the head of the sandstone aquifer, unit: m; h is0The distance between the tail end of the inclined shaft at the construction section and the bottom of a sandstone water-bearing stratum is represented by the following unit: and m is selected.
Optionally, four drainage branch holes are uniformly arranged around the inclined shaft; the distance between the central axis of the drainage branch hole and the central axis of the inclined shaft is 14-34 m.
Optionally, the diameter of the branch hole of the drainage hole is 98-200 mm, and the length of the branch hole is 300-400 m; along vertical, the termination end in inclined shaft bottom plate of pumping hole is 5 ~ 10m down, and the aperture in pumping hole is 310 ~ 450 mm.
A construction method of an advanced dewatering system of a sandstone aquifer comprises the following steps:
and 4, sequentially butting the drainage branch holes with the water pumping holes: after the first drainage branch hole, the second drainage branch hole, the third drainage branch hole and the fourth drainage branch hole are constructed in parallel for 250-300 m along the axis of the inclined shaft, inclination measurement is adjusted to be once every 5m, so that each drainage branch hole is communicated with a water pumping hole;
and 6, repeating the steps 1-5 to complete the construction of the residual combined drainage pumping-down section in sequence.
The advanced dewatering and water lowering system, the method and the construction method for the sandstone aquifer effectively overcome the construction difficulty that repeated water inrush and sand gushing and surrounding rock supporting are difficult when the inclined shaft is dug into the underground water-bearing stratum which passes through the water-rich low-permeability huge thick sandstone aquifer for a long distance, fundamentally solve the drainage problem of the water-rich low-permeability huge thick sandstone aquifer, and realize the rapid and safe tunneling of the inclined shaft in the water-rich low-permeability huge thick sandstone aquifer.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the disclosure without limiting the disclosure. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an advanced dewatering system for sandstone aquifers, according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the structure of a leading dewatering system for a sandstone aquifer according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the leading dewatering system of a sandstone aquifer according to the present invention;
the reference numerals in the figures denote: 1-inclined well, 2-straight hole section of drainage hole group, 3-drainage hole group, 31-first drainage branch hole, 32-second drainage branch hole, 33-third drainage branch hole, 34-fourth drainage branch hole, 4-water pumping hole, 5-water pumping pipe, 6-water pumping pump and 7-glass fiber reinforced plastic flower pipe; a-earth surface, B-sandstone aquifer and C-combined drainage pumping and descending section.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be apparent that the following embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and are not intended to limit the invention in any way, and all technical solutions using the embodiments, including simple changes to the embodiments, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
So that the manner in which the above recited features of the present invention can be understood and appreciated, a more particular description of the invention, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to embodiments, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Orientational words such as "vertical," "above," "below," "leading," "trailing," etc. appear herein to refer to positions that face in the figures.
"axial" refers to the direction in which the axis of the bore is located; the 'starting end' refers to the construction position of the ground during drilling, the 'ending end' or 'tail end' refers to the position of the ending end face of the hole after drilling is finished, and the 'projection point' refers to the position of a drop point in the vertical direction.
The basic idea of the invention is as follows: through dredging, draining and pump drainage of the drainage hole group and the pump drainage hole on the water-rich low-permeability huge thick sandstone aquifer water, the problem that the sandstone aquifer water-rich property is strong and the permeability is poor, so that the problem that the sandstone aquifer water is easy to dredge and difficult to pump is solved, the rapid and thorough dredging of the water-rich low-permeability huge thick sandstone aquifer water is realized, and the geological guarantee is improved for shield tunneling of an inclined shaft.
With reference to fig. 1-3, the invention provides an advance dewatering system for a sandstone aquifer, comprising: a water pumping hole 4 is vertically intersected with the axial direction of the inclined shaft 1 at the sandstone aquifer B; a plurality of drainage branch holes are formed in the sandstone aquifer B along the axial direction of the inclined shaft 1 and around the inclined shaft 1, and the drainage branch holes (31, 32, 33 and 34) are communicated with the water pumping hole 4. Arranging a large-caliber water pumping hole 4 which is directly connected to a huge-thickness water-rich sandstone aquifer at the ground surface A at the tail end of each construction section of the inclined shaft 1; every construction section front end 200 ~ 300m along inclined shaft 1 axial sets up the drainage hole group 3 that contains a plurality of branches on the earth's surface, and a plurality of branches of drainage hole group need surround inclined shaft 1 completely and communicate each other with pumping hole 4 at every construction section end.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, four drainage branch holes are uniformly arranged around the slant well 1; distance r between central axis of drainage branch hole and central axis of inclined well 10Is 14 to 34 m.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, the aperture of the drainage branch hole is 98-200 mm, and the length is 300-400 m; along vertical, the distance from the bottom of the water pumping hole 4 to the wall of the inclined shaft 1 is 5-10 m, and the diameter of the water pumping hole 4 is 310-450 mm. The drainage hole group is of a secondary reducing structure, the aperture of a primary straight hole section is not less than 311mm, and a wall protection sleeve needs to be arranged; the second level is a branch hole with the aperture of 98-200 mm and the length of 300-400 m, and is a naked hole. The water pumping hole 4 is also of a secondary reducing structure, the aperture of the primary hole is not less than 450mm, and water is required to be stopped before the water reaches the huge water-rich sandstone; the aperture of the secondary hole is not less than 311mm, and the final hole enters the inclined shaft bottom plate by 5-10 m.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, a joint drainage pumping-down section C is formed between the starting end of the drainage hole group and the projection point of the water pumping hole 4 on the ground surface a. And the drainage hole group 3 and the corresponding water pumping hole 4 form a combined drainage pumping-down section C, and the construction of the section of the inclined shaft 1 can be carried out after the completion of the combined drainage section C. And the combined dredging and descending sections C are mutually connected, so that the safe construction of the inclined shaft 1 penetrating through the whole huge-thickness water-rich sandstone aquifer can be completed.
For example, the leading precipitation thinning system of sandstone aquifer includes: a water pumping hole 4 is vertically intersected with the axial direction of the inclined shaft 1 at the sandstone aquifer B; arranging a drainage hole group 3 around the inclined shaft 1 in the sandstone aquifer B along the axial direction of the inclined shaft 1, wherein the drainage hole group 3 is communicated with a water pumping hole 4; the drainage hole group 3 includes a first drainage branch hole 31, a second drainage branch hole 32, a third drainage branch hole 33, and a fourth drainage branch hole 34, which are arranged in a crisscross orientation.
Specifically, the method for leading the drainage of the sandstone aquifer comprises the following steps:
s1: constructing an advance dewatering system of a sandstone aquifer: arranging a drainage hole group 3 around the inclined shaft 1 in the sandstone aquifer B along the axial direction of the inclined shaft 1; the water pumping holes 4 are vertically arranged, the projection point from the termination end of the drainage hole group 3 to the ground surface A is the drilling position of the water pumping holes 4, the drainage hole group 3 is composed of a plurality of drainage branch holes, and the drainage branch holes are respectively communicated with the water pumping holes 4;
s2: forming a combined drainage pumping and descending section: determining a projection point of a junction point of the inclined shaft 1 and the sandstone aquifer B on the earth surface A, wherein the front end which is less than or equal to 50m away from the projection point is the starting end of a drainage hole group 3, and a combined drainage pumping-down section C is formed between the starting end of the drainage hole group 3 on the earth surface A and a drilling position of a water pumping hole 4 on the earth surface A;
s3: determining the number of C combined drainage pumping and descending sections: determining the distance of the inclined shaft 1 penetrating through the sandstone aquifer B according to the thickness of the sandstone aquifer B and the angle of the inclined shaft 1, and estimating the water quantity required to be pumped and dropped in the safety construction; determining the number of the combined drainage pumping-down sections by combining the aperture and the length of the drainage branch hole; calculating the water quantity Q required to be pumped and dropped in the safe construction by a formula 1;
wherein Q is the amount of water required for pumping and reducing during safe construction, and m is3S; k is the permeability coefficient of the sandstone aquifer, m/s; m is the thickness of the water-containing layer, M; r is0The distance m between the drainage branch hole and the central shaft of the inclined shaft; beta is the inclined angle of the inclined shaft, degree; h is the head of the sandstone aquifer, m; h is0The distance m between the tail end of the inclined shaft at the construction section and the bottom of the sandstone water-bearing layer.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a plurality of drainage branch holes are uniformly arranged around the slant well 1; the distance between the center point of the drainage branch hole and the central shaft of the inclined shaft is 14-34 m. The number of the multi-branch holes uniformly arranged around the inclined shaft 1 in the drainage hole group is related to the drainage water requirement, the number of the branches of general drainage holes is preferably 4, and the distance between each branch hole and the central shaft of the inclined shaft 1 is preferably 14-34 m.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, the aperture of the drainage branch hole is 98-200 mm, and the length is 300-400 m; along vertical, the distance from the bottom of the water pumping hole 4 to the wall of the inclined shaft 1 is 5-10 m, and the diameter of the water pumping hole 4 is 310-450 mm.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, the number of the combined drainage pumping-down sections is calculated by the following formula;
in the formula, N is the number of the combined drawdown sections and the unit: a plurality of; q is the water quantity required to be pumped and dropped in the safe construction, and the unit m3S; d is the (aperture) diameter of the branch hole of the drainage hole group, unit: mm; density of rho water in kg/m3(ii) a Hydrodynamic viscosity coefficient of μ water, unit: 10-6kPa · s; τ is the in-hole roughness of the drainage hole, unit: mm; l is the length of the drainage branch pore, unit: m; g is the acceleration of gravity, unit: m/s2(ii) a H is the head of the sandstone aquifer, unit: m; h is0The distance between the tail end of the inclined shaft at the construction section and the bottom of a sandstone water-bearing stratum is represented by the following unit: and m is selected.
A construction method of an advanced dewatering system of a sandstone aquifer comprises the following steps:
and 6, repeating the steps 1-5 to complete the butt joint construction of the drilling holes of the residual combined drainage pumping and descending section.
A more detailed technical scheme comprises the following steps:
step 1), determining the number of the combined drainage pumping-down section C;
looking up geological and hydrogeological data of a mining area, determining the distance of the inclined shaft 1 penetrating through the sandstone aquifer B according to the thickness of the sandstone aquifer B and the angle of the inclined shaft 1, and roughly estimating the water quantity required to be pumped and dropped in safety construction; and determining the number of the combined drainage pumping-down section C according to the selected parameters such as the aperture, the length and the like of the drainage hole.
In the step 1), the distance L (m) of the inclined shaft 1 penetrating through the aquifer is related to the thickness M (m) of the aquifer and the included angle beta (DEG) between the inclined shaft and the horizontal plane, and the relation is as follows:
L＝M/sinβ
in the step 1), the water quantity Q required to be pumped and dropped in the safe construction is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein Q is the amount of water required for pumping and reducing during safe construction, and m is3S; k is the permeability coefficient of the sandstone aquifer, m/s; m is the thickness of the water-containing layer, M; r is0The distance m between the drainage branch hole and the central shaft of the inclined shaft; beta is the inclined angle of the inclined shaft, degree; h is the head of the sandstone aquifer, m; h is0The distance m between the tail end of the inclined shaft at the construction section and the bottom of the sandstone water-bearing layer.
In the step 1), the number N of the combined drainage pumping-down section can be obtained according to the selected parameters such as the aperture d and the length l of the drainage hole, the roughness tau of the pipeline, the hydrodynamic viscosity coefficient mu and the density rho of the aquifer, and the formula is as follows:
n is the joint lottery section number, the unit in the formula: a plurality of; q is the water quantity required to be pumped and dropped in the safe construction, and the unit m3S; d is the diameter of the branch hole of the drainage hole group, and the unit is as follows: mm; density of rho water in kg/m3(ii) a Hydrodynamic viscosity coefficient of μ water, in units: 10- 6kPa · s; τ is the in-hole roughness of the drainage hole, unit: mm; l is the drainage hole length, unit: m; g is the acceleration of gravity, unit: m/s2(ii) a H is the head of the sandstone aquifer, unit: m; h is0The distance between the tail end of the inclined shaft at the construction section and the bottom of a sandstone water-bearing stratum is represented by the following unit: m;
step 2), constructing water pumping holes 4;
and selecting the projection intersection point of the tail end of the first combined hydrophobic section and the axis of the inclined shaft, measuring the coordinate of the projection intersection point, and constructing a water pumping hole (straight hole) by taking the intersection point as a well mouth. And (3) firstly, opening a sleeve with the aperture of 444.5mm and setting a sleeve with the diameter of 339.7mm to enter 5m of the huge thick sandstone, stopping water and carrying out a pressure test, wherein the pressure is not lower than 0.7 MPa. And two open bare holes with the diameter of 311mm are drilled to be 5m below the water-containing bottom plate of the huge thick sandstone.
Step 3), constructing a straight hole section of the ground drainage hole group; determining a projection point of a junction point of the inclined shaft and the sandstone aquifer on the ground surface, and performing straight hole construction by taking the front end which is less than or equal to 50m away from the projection point as a construction starting end of the drainage hole group, wherein the aperture of a straight hole section is 311mm, and a petroleum steel-grade casing pipe with the diameter of 244.5mm is arranged below the straight hole section to 50-80 m above the inclined shaft.
Step 4), a magnetic guide communicating instrument is put into the pumping hole to reach the butt joint section, and testing is carried out;
and connecting the strong magnetic joint to a drill rod, and feeding the drill rod into the butt joint section of the water pumping hole while drilling. And (3) debugging the wireless magnetic steering-while-drilling instrument in the ground concentrated drainage hole, and comparing the front part and the rear part to ensure that the received signal is stable.
Step 5), constructing branch holes of the ground drainage hole group;
and (3) constructing branch holes of the ground drainage hole group, and carrying out inclination measurement once every 10m of drilling so as to ensure the track precision. The branch holes of the drainage hole group are 4 branch holes parallel to the central axis of the inclined shaft, are distributed on the left and right sides and the top bottom of the inclined shaft, and have a distance r from the side wall of the inclined shaft.
In the step 5), the diameter of the drainage branch hole is d, and the length of the drainage branch hole is l, wherein d is not less than 98mm, and l is preferably 300-400 m.
In the step 5), the distance r between the drainage branch hole and the central shaft of the inclined shaft 10Is 14 to 34m
Step 6), the drainage branch holes are sequentially butted with the water pumping holes 4; after the 4 branch holes of the ground drainage hole group are parallelly constructed for 250-300 m along the axis, inclination measurement is changed to be once per 5m, and the track of the branch holes is adjusted to enable the final holes of all the branch holes to be in the butt joint section of the water pumping holes, so that the butt joint of the water pumping holes and the ground drainage branch holes is realized.
And 7) taking out the magnetic guide communicating instrument, and putting the fiber reinforced plastic perforated pipe into the magnetic guide communicating instrument.
After the branch holes of each ground drainage hole group are butted, the magnetic guide communicating instrument and the through hole are taken out, a glass fiber reinforced plastic floral tube with the pipe diameter of 244.5mm is put into the water pumping hole, and the hole is washed.
Step 8), repeating the steps 2) -7) to finish the butt joint construction of the drill holes of the residual combined drainage pumping and descending section;
step 9), pumping water through the water pumping holes;
firstly, the water pumping holes are utilized to perform subsection combined water pumping, the model of the water pumping pump is adjusted and selected according to the water pumping flow and the water level depth reduction and speed reduction, and the sufficient water pumping flow is ensured to enable the water level to be reduced to the hole bottom of the water pumping holes.
After the adjustment is completed, the osmometer is put into the bottom of the water pumping hole to carry out formal water pumping, and the dynamic intermittent water pumping ensures that the reading of the osmometer is zero.
Step 10), the shield machine performs inclined shaft tunneling;
before the shield machine starts to tunnel, the water detecting hole is constructed on the tunneling surface for inspection, and the sandstone aquifer is guaranteed to be basically dredged to the position below the bottom plate.
The principle of the invention is that the contact range of the drill hole and the aquifer is increased through the drainage branch hole and the water pumping hole, the area of the water passing section is increased, the aquifer water is pumped and drained in a centralized manner, the efficient dewatering and water collection are realized, the water level is ensured to be reduced below the bottom plate of the inclined shaft, and the guarantee is provided for the long-distance safe construction of the inclined shaft. The wall thickness grouting water plugging and freezing method adopted by the prior art is to form a relative water blocking area at the boundary of the inclined shaft to realize the safe tunneling of the inclined shaft, and the two methods have great difference; the number of the combined drainage pumping-descending sections is determined by calculating the pumping-descending flow and the drainage hole parameters of the safety construction in the aquifer of the inclined shaft sandstone, so that the engineering quantity can be accurately controlled, and the pumping-descending effect can be ensured.
And the two-opening section of the water pumping hole adopts a glass fiber reinforced plastic perforated pipe to replace the traditional steel perforated pipe for wall protection and filtration, and the direct tunneling of the shield tunneling machine can be realized subsequently. The water pumping holes are used as magnetic guide holes, so that the dual purposes of accurate guidance butt joint and centralized water pumping are realized. An osmometer is arranged in the bottom of the water pumping hole, and the condition of pumping and dewatering can be judged through osmotic pressure reading, so that the condition that the water in the sandstone water-containing layer is drained and lowered below the bottom plate of the inclined shaft is ensured.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a newly-built mine in the lateral mining area of Ulmus Shaanxi is designed to have the capacity of 10Mt/a and the service life of the mine of 95 a. The surface soil is 26.5m thick, the chalky stratum is 668.5m thick, wherein the average thickness of the loving group is 371.3m, and the loving group has the characteristics of large thickness, medium and strong water-rich property, large water pressure, poor permeability, medium and extremely nonuniform. The main inclined shaft is originally constructed by adopting a freezing method, but a water outlet and sand gushing accident (the water quantity is 78 m) occurs after the sandstone of the rocky river group is exposed for the first time3And/h), bringing great difficulty and security threat to the construction of the mine.
The invention is used for construction (see fig. 1, 2 and 3), and the method for leading the inclined shaft to pass through the aquifer of the huge and thick sandstone in a long distance comprises the following steps:
step 1): determining the number of the combined drainage pumping and descending sections; the mineral geology and hydrogeology data show that the average rock thickness M of the sand in the lohezone group is 371.3M, the permeability coefficient K is 0.782M/d, the angle beta of the inclined shaft entering the sandstone is 17 degrees, and the distance L of the inclined shaft penetrating through the aquifer is 1267M.
According to step 1) The sandstone water head H of the medium loving river group is 505m, and the distance H between the roadway bottom plate and the sandstone water-bearing layer bottom0About 3.8m, the influence radius R of the dewatering water in the loving group is 35.1m, and therefore the water quantity Q required to be pumped and dropped in the slope crossing loving sandstone safety construction is estimated to be about 338.66 ten thousand m3(ii) a According to the selected aperture d of the drainage branch hole of 152mm, the length l of 350m, the roughness tau of the pipeline of 0.35mm and the hydrodynamic viscosity coefficient mu of the aquifer of 1.061 multiplied by 10-6kPa · s and a density ρ of 1000kg/m3And (3) calculating and determining the number of the combined drainage pumping-down sections C according to the parameters.
Step 2), constructing water pumping holes; and selecting a projection intersection point of the tail end of the first combined drainage pumping and descending section and the axis of the inclined shaft, measuring the coordinate of the projection intersection point, and constructing a first water pumping hole 4 by taking the intersection point as a well mouth. The hole depth is 487.5m, the first opening hole diameter is 444.5mm, a sleeve pipe with the diameter of 339.7mm is arranged until the sleeve pipe enters 5m of the thick sandstone, a water stopping and pressure resisting test is carried out, and the pressure is determined to be not lower than 0.7 MPa. And (5) starting the construction of two bare holes with the diameter of 311mm, and drilling to the position 5m below the bottom plate of the inclined shaft.
Step 3), constructing a straight hole section of the ground centralized drainage hole group; determining a projection point of a junction point of the inclined shaft and the sandstone aquifer on the ground surface, and performing straight hole construction by taking the front end 50m away from the projection point as a construction starting end of a drainage hole group, wherein the aperture is 311mm, and the lower phi 244.5mm petroleum steel-grade casing pipe is arranged 50m above a top plate of the inclined shaft.
Step 4), a magnetic guide communicating instrument is put into the pumping hole to reach the butt joint section, and testing is carried out; and connecting the strong magnetic joint to a drill rod, and sending the drill rod into the butt joint section of the water pumping hole 4 while drilling. And (3) debugging the MWD wireless magnetic steering while drilling instrument in the ground drainage hole group, and comparing the MWD wireless magnetic steering while drilling instrument in front and back to ensure that the received signal is stable.
Step 5), constructing branch holes of the ground drainage hole group; and constructing drainage branch holes, and carrying out inclination measurement once every 10m to ensure the track precision. The 4 drainage branch holes (31, 32, 33 and 34) are all parallel to the central axis of the inclined shaft and distributed on the left and right sides and the top and bottom of the inclined shaft. The aperture d of the drainage branch hole is 152mm, and the length l is 350 m. Distance r between each drainage branch hole and central shaft of inclined shaft0Is 12 m.
Step 6), the drainage branch holes are sequentially butted with the water pumping holes; after the 4 branch holes of the ground drainage hole group are parallelly constructed for 250-300 m along the axis, inclination measurement is changed to be once every 5m, the track of each branch hole is adjusted to enable the final holes of all the branch holes to be located at the butt joint section of the water pumping holes, and butt joint of the water pumping holes 4 and the drainage holes (31, 32, 33 and 34) is achieved.
And 7) taking out the magnetic guide communicating instrument, and putting the fiber reinforced plastic perforated pipe into the magnetic guide communicating instrument.
After the branch holes of each ground drainage hole group are butted, the magnetic guide communicating instrument and the through hole are taken out, a glass fiber reinforced plastic floral tube with the pipe diameter of 244.5mm is put into the water pumping hole, and the hole is washed.
Step 8), repeating the steps 2) -7) to finish the butt joint construction of the drill holes of the residual combined drainage pumping and descending section;
step 9), pumping water through the water pumping holes;
firstly, the water pumping holes are utilized to carry out sectional combined trial water pumping, and the discharge capacity of the water pumping pump is adjusted and selected to be 100m according to the water pumping flow and the water level depth reduction and speed reduction3The deep submersible pump ensures enough pumping flow to enable the water level to fall to the bottom of the pumping hole.
After the adjustment is completed, the osmometer is put into the bottom of the water pumping hole to carry out formal water pumping, and the dynamic intermittent water pumping ensures that the reading of the osmometer is zero.
Step 10), the shield machine performs inclined shaft tunneling; and constructing a water detecting hole on the driving surface for inspection, draining the sandstone aquifer water to the position below the bottom plate of the inclined shaft, and detecting the drilled hole without water gushing.
The pumping and descending water quantity and the drainage branch hole parameters required by the safety construction of the inclined shaft in the sandstone aquifer are calculated by the method, so that the number of combined drainage pumping and descending sections is determined, and the engineering quantity is accurately controlled; according to the invention, four drainage branch holes arranged in parallel around the inclined shaft are in long-distance contact with the sandstone aquifer, so that each section with uneven aquifer permeability and water-rich property is effectively exposed, the water level of the sandstone aquifer is lowered in a coordinated manner in the pumping and drainage process, the drainage efficiency is high, and the drainage effect is good; the method realizes safe waterless tunneling in the process of inclined shaft tunneling, eliminates the threat of water pressure and the softening effect of water on the stratum, and has stable surrounding rock structure, small deformation and easy support in the process of tunneling; the dewatering water does not generate additional stress in the stratum, so that the stability and balance of the ground stress field in the inclined shaft tunneling process are ensured.
The principle of the invention is that the length and the range of a water-containing layer exposed by a drilling hole are increased through a plurality of drainage branch holes and water pumping holes, the area of a water passing section is increased, high-efficiency precipitation, water collection and drainage are realized, the water pumping holes are utilized for centralized pumping and drainage, the water level is ensured to be reduced below the bottom plate of the inclined shaft, and geological guarantee is provided for long-distance safe anhydrous construction of the inclined shaft. The wall thickness grouting water plugging and freezing method adopted by the prior art is to form a relative water blocking area at the boundary of the inclined shaft to realize the safe tunneling of the inclined shaft, and the two methods have great difference;
the number of the combined drainage pumping-descending sections is further determined by calculating the pumping-descending water quantity and the drainage branch hole parameters required by the safety construction of the inclined shaft in the sandstone aquifer, so that the engineering quantity can be accurately controlled, and the pumping-descending effect can be ensured;
according to the invention, the drainage branch holes are arranged in parallel at the periphery of the inclined shaft and are in long-distance contact with the aquifer, so that each section with nonuniform aquifer permeability and water-rich property is effectively disclosed, the water level along the inclined shaft is lowered in a coordinated manner, the integral uniform drainage of the aquifer can be realized, the formation of stagnant water in a local low-permeability area is avoided, and the drainage efficiency and effect of the aquifer water are improved;
the drainage branch holes and the water pumping holes are used for dewatering, collecting water, conducting and pumping drainage on aquifer water, the water level is lowered to be below the bottom plate of the inclined shaft, the drainage is continuously performed in the process of driving the inclined shaft, the safe waterless driving of the inclined shaft can be guaranteed, meanwhile, the threat of water pressure and the softening effect of water on the stratum are eliminated, the stability of surrounding rocks is improved, and the supporting difficulty in the driving process is reduced.
The invention reduces the water level of the aquifer to the position below the bottom plate of the inclined shaft in the construction range of the inclined shaft by the dewatering method, and additional stress like residual stress after grouting, frozen expansion stress and the like can not be generated in the stratum in the dewatering process, thereby ensuring the stability and balance of the ground stress field during the excavation of the inclined shaft.
The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, however, the present disclosure is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solution of the present disclosure within the technical idea of the present disclosure, and these simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the present disclosure.
It should be noted that the various features described in the foregoing detailed description may be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction, and the disclosure does not separately describe each possible combination in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.
In addition, any combination of the various embodiments of the present disclosure can be made, and the same should be considered as the disclosure of the present disclosure, as long as the combination does not depart from the spirit of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a leading precipitation system that dredges of sandstone aquifer which characterized in that includes:
a water pumping hole (4) is vertically arranged to intersect the inclined shaft (1) at the sandstone aquifer (B);
the method is characterized in that a drainage hole group (3) is arranged in the sandstone aquifer (B) along the axial direction of the inclined shaft (1) and surrounds the inclined shaft (1), the drainage hole group (3) is composed of a plurality of drainage branch holes, and the drainage branch holes are respectively communicated with water pumping holes (4).
2. The leading dewatering system for sandstone aquifers according to claim 1, characterized in that four drainage branch holes are uniformly arranged around the slant well (1);
the distance between the central axis of the drainage branch hole and the central axis of the inclined shaft (1) is 14-34 m.
3. The leading dewatering system of the sandstone aquifer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the diameter of the branch hole of the drainage hole is 98-200 mm, and the length of the branch hole is 300-400 m;
along vertical, the end that draws water hole (4) ends 5 ~ 10m below inclined shaft (1) bottom plate, and the aperture of drawing water hole (4) is 310 ~ 450 mm.
4. The advanced dewatering and dewatering system for the sandstone aquifer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the drainage hole group forms a combined drainage pumping and dewatering section (C) between the starting end of the earth surface (A) and a punching position of the water pumping hole (4) on the earth surface (A).
5. The utility model provides a leading precipitation system that dredges of sandstone aquifer which characterized in that includes: a water pumping hole (4) is vertically arranged to intersect the inclined shaft (1) at the sandstone aquifer (B);
arranging a drainage hole group (3) around the inclined shaft (1) in the sandstone aquifer (B) along the axial direction of the inclined shaft (1), wherein the drainage hole group (3) is communicated with a water pumping hole (4);
the drainage hole group (3) comprises a first drainage branch hole (31), a second drainage branch hole (32), a third drainage branch hole (33) and a fourth drainage branch hole (34) which are arranged along the cross direction.
6. A method for leading the drainage of a sandstone aquifer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: constructing an advance dewatering system of a sandstone aquifer: arranging a drainage hole group (3) around the inclined shaft (1) in the sandstone aquifer (B) along the axial direction of the inclined shaft (1); the water pumping holes (4) are vertically arranged, the projection point from the termination end of the drainage hole group (3) to the ground surface (A) is the punching position of the water pumping holes (4), the drainage hole group (3) is composed of a plurality of drainage branch holes, and the drainage branch holes are respectively communicated with the water pumping holes (4);
s2: forming a combined drainage pumping and descending section (C): determining a projection point of a junction point of the inclined shaft (1) and the sandstone aquifer (B) on the earth surface (A), wherein the front end which is less than or equal to 50m away from the projection point is the starting end of the drainage hole group (3), and the drainage hole group forms a combined drainage pumping-down section (C) between the starting end of the earth surface (A) and a punching position of the water pumping hole (4) on the earth surface (A);
s3: determining the number of the combined drainage pumping and descending sections (C): determining the distance of the inclined shaft (1) penetrating through the sandstone aquifer (B) according to the thickness of the sandstone aquifer (B) and the angle of the inclined shaft (1), and estimating the pumping-down water quantity required by safe construction; and determining the number of the combined drainage pumping and descending sections (C) by combining the aperture and the length of the drainage branch hole.
7. The method for leading the drainage and precipitation of the sandstone aquifer according to claim 6, wherein the number of the combined drainage pumping-descending sections (C) is calculated by the following formula;
in the formula, N is the number of the combined drawdown sections and the unit: a plurality of; q is the water quantity that need take out the descending for safe construction, unit: m is3S; d is the aperture of the drainage branch hole, unit: mm; ρ is the density of water, unit: kg/m3(ii) a μ is the hydrodynamic viscosity coefficient of water, in units: 10-6kPa · s; τ is the in-hole roughness of the drainage branch hole, unit: mm; l is the length of the drainage branch pore, unit: m; g is the acceleration of gravity, unit: m/s2(ii) a H is the head of the sandstone aquifer, unit: m; h is0The distance between the tail end of the inclined shaft at the construction section and the bottom of a sandstone water-bearing stratum is represented by the following unit: and m is selected.
8. The method for leading the thinning of water in sandstone aquifers according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that four drainage branch holes are uniformly arranged around the inclined shaft (1);
the distance between the central axis of the drainage branch hole and the central axis of the inclined shaft (1) is 14-34 m.
9. The method for leading drainage and precipitation of the sandstone aquifer according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the diameter of the branch hole of the drainage hole is 98-200 mm, and the length of the branch hole is 300-400 m;
along vertical, the end that draws water hole (4) ends 5 ~ 10m below inclined shaft (1) bottom plate, and the aperture of drawing water hole (4) is 310 ~ 450 mm.
10. A construction method of an advanced dewatering system of a sandstone aquifer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, constructing a water pumping hole (4): constructing a water pumping hole (4), setting a casing with the aperture of 444.5mm until the casing enters 5m of the huge thick sandstone, stopping water and carrying out a pressure test, wherein the pressure is not lower than 0.7 MPa; the diameter of the second opening is 311mm, and a bare hole is drilled to be 5m below the bottom plate of the inclined shaft (1);
step 2, constructing a straight hole section of the drainage hole group (3): determining a projection point of a junction point of the inclined shaft (1) and the sandstone aquifer (B) on the earth surface (A), taking the front end which is less than or equal to 50m away from the projection point as a construction starting end of the drainage hole group (3) to carry out straight hole construction, setting a casing to 50-80 m above the inclined shaft (1), wherein the aperture of a straight hole section is 311 mm;
step 3, constructing a drainage branch hole: the method comprises the steps that the terminating end of a straight hole section of a drainage hole group (3) is used as the starting end of a drainage branch hole, the distance between the central shaft of the drainage branch hole and the central shaft of an inclined well (1) is 14-34 m, and inclination measurement is carried out once when the drainage branch hole is drilled for 10m, wherein the drainage branch hole comprises a first drainage branch hole (31), a second drainage branch hole (32), a third drainage branch hole (33) and a fourth drainage branch hole (34) which are arranged in a cross-shaped direction of the inclined well (1);
and 4, sequentially butting the drainage branch holes with the water pumping holes (4): after the first drainage branch hole (31), the second drainage branch hole (32), the third drainage branch hole (33) and the fourth drainage branch hole (34) are constructed in parallel for 250-300 m along the axis of the inclined shaft (1), inclination measurement is adjusted to be once per 5m, so that each drainage branch hole is respectively communicated with the water pumping hole (4);
step 5, screen pipe laying: after each drainage branch hole is respectively communicated with the water pumping hole (4), a sieve tube is respectively arranged in the water pumping hole (4);
and 6, repeating the steps 1-5 to complete the construction of the residual combined drainage pumping-down section in sequence.
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