CN113213639B - Small-sized river ecological purification wetland adopting grass carp as advanced consumer - Google Patents
Small-sized river ecological purification wetland adopting grass carp as advanced consumer Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
Abstract
A small river ecological purification wetland adopting grass carp as advanced consumer belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to an arrangement method of the purification wetland, which comprises the following technical scheme: 1) The slow flow area of the small river muddy bank is used as a wetland substrate; 2) Arranging a fish culture net cage on the substrate; 3) The net cages are arranged at intervals and are arranged along a flow line in a longitudinally staggered manner; 4) The net cage is arranged around the emergent aquatic plants; 5) Grass carp is cultivated in a net cage; 6) The wetland adopts a surface flow and subsurface flow mixing mode. The invention has the advantages that: a new constructed wetland arrangement method is provided; a net cage suitable for wetland purification; the wetland has higher productivity and economic utilization value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and particularly relates to an arrangement method of a purification wetland, in particular to a wetland which is formed by combining plants and fishes and is used for purifying the periphery of a small river.
Background
Wetland, wetland in the narrow sense (wetland), refers to the area where the surface of the earth is over-wet or often ponding, growing wetland organisms. The wetland ecosystem (wetland ecosystem) is a unified whole consisting of wetland plants, animals inhabiting the wetland, microorganisms and the environment thereof. The wetland has multiple functions: protecting biological diversity, regulating runoff, improving water quality, regulating microclimate, providing food and industrial raw materials, and providing tourism resources.
The constructed wetland is a common structure for purifying polluted water. The artificial wetland can be classified into a floating plant system, an emergent aquatic plant system and a submerged plant system, and the artificial wetland treatment system is classified into two types, namely Surface Flow Wetlands (SFW) and Subsurface Flow Wetlands (SSFW), which are currently cited as the most widely used artificial wetland classified by the Flow method in addition to the classification according to the types of wetland plants.
The surface flow is the overflow flow of the wastewater on the surface of the filler, and is closest to the natural wetland; the water level of the artificial wetland is shallow, the bottom of the artificial wetland contains 0.2m to 0.3m of soil or other media for providing roots for aquatic plants, and emergent aquatic plants are planted; adjusting the water depth of about 0.1m to 0.6m by a water level control facility; the artificial wetland has the advantages of simple design and low investment, but has the defects of small load, easy freezing of the water surface in winter, easy propagation of mosquitoes and flies in summer and odor emission. The wetland can not fully utilize the filler and rich plant roots, and the sanitary condition is not good, so the wetland is not adopted in the prior design.
Subsurface wetland (SSFW), i.e. the seepage of wastewater under the surface of the filler; the constructed wetland is often filled with permeable sandy soil or gravel with the thickness of about 0.4m to 0.6m as a medium, so as to support the growth of emergent aquatic plants; the inflow water is forced to flow among the sandy soil, the root systems and the root systems under the surface layer, and the water is purified while fully contacting with the matrix and the plant root systems. Because the water flow of the wetland always flows in the wetland, the defects of mosquitoes, flies, odor and the like caused by the surface flow wetland are avoided, and the sanitary condition is better than that of the surface flow wetland; meanwhile, the subsurface flow type constructed wetland has a plurality of action sites, abundant microorganisms, small occupied area and high sewage treatment efficiency, so that the subsurface flow type constructed wetland is widely adopted, and the constructed wetland in Europe and other areas mainly has a subsurface flow type.
The subsurface flow type constructed wetland is divided into two types, namely horizontal flow and vertical flow. The difference between the two is that the water flow is vertically distributed in the wetland by using special designs such as pipelines, inclination and the like, so that the water distribution of the vertical flow artificial wetland is more uniform. Because the development of the vertical flow artificial wetland is late, the horizontal popular wetland still occupies the main position in the actual application at present.
In order to more effectively remove various pollutants in a water body, scientific research personnel also research and develop a novel composite vertical flow artificial wetland on the basis of the original subsurface flow wetland. The artificial wetland treatment device consists of a downstream pool and an upstream pool, so that the treatment limitation of the conventional artificial wetland is well solved, and a relatively ideal treatment effect on conventional pollutants in a water body is achieved.
CN102351378B discloses a constructed wetland rural sewage treatment method and a system, wherein a plurality of water storage devices are adopted for staged water storage and purification, and a water collecting well, a biological filter, an artificial wetland and an oxidation pond are mainly adopted for multistage treatment.
CN101973635A discloses a method for efficiently purifying heavy metal polluted wastewater by combined wetland plants. In the artificial wetland, 6 wetland plants are cultivated, namely: the purification efficiency of barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli), alligator Alternanthera (Alternanthera philoxeroides), zizania latifolia (Zizania latifolia), monochoria vaginalis (Monochoria vagianalis), indocalamus calamus (Iachne globosa) and Polygonum hydropiper (Polygonum hydropiper) on 6 main heavy metal pollution elements (Cd, pb, zn, cu, cr and Ni) in the wastewater reaches more than 92%.
CN105600951A discloses a vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland system and a composite vertical flow constructed wetland system which are all provided with corresponding substrates, plants and strains;
CN103332789B discloses an ecological purification method for water in black and odorous river, wherein garbage grids are respectively arranged at the upstream and downstream of the river reach water flow direction; the artificial wetlands are arranged in the river reach and perpendicular to the river bank at intervals, the number of the artificial wetlands is not less than two, the upper artificial wetland is higher than the lower artificial wetland, the water body undercurrent speed of the upper artificial wetland is far lower than the water flow speed of a river, an ecological floating bed is fixed on the surface of the artificial wetland, aquatic plants are planted on the ecological floating bed by adopting a water surface soilless culture technology, and a microorganism strain throwing device is arranged on the lower artificial wetland in the upstream direction of the water flow;
CN102061677B discloses a full-section water wetland purification system applicable to a river channel with relatively smooth water flow and no navigation at normal water level, which constructs a wetland by using a part of the river bed, so that all the incoming water at the upstream of the river channel flows through the constructed wetland system to be purified under the condition of normal water level, and meanwhile, under the condition of flood level, the wetland purification system does not influence the flood of the river channel.
CN104211259B discloses a multifunctional ecological purification system of large-scale circulating aquaculture water, the water inlet end of a primary sedimentation tank receives aquaculture wastewater of a pond, the water outlet end is respectively communicated with an undercurrent dam and a water quality regulating tank through two pipelines, the water outlet ends of the undercurrent dam and the water quality regulating tank are both communicated with an ecological aquaculture purification area, and the water quality regulating tank comprises a neutralization filter tank and a biological purification tank which are connected through pipelines; the ecological breeding and purifying area comprises a filter-feeding fish breeding area, a crab breeding area and a benthonic animal breeding area which are sequentially communicated, wherein benthonic animal breeding areas breed benthonic animals, namely mussels and snails; the artificial wetland purification area comprises a horizontal subsurface flow artificial wetland and a surface flow artificial wetland, wherein the surface flow artificial wetland comprises an emergent aquatic plant artificial wetland, a floating plant artificial wetland and a submerged plant artificial wetland which are sequentially communicated.
CN100378272C discloses a three-dimensional in-situ ecological restoration method for urban river and stream ditch water body, which discloses a substep of establishing a functional ecological floating island: establishing a floating bed; connecting the heads and the tails of green bamboos made of wood to form a frame in a shape of a field; setting a frame bottom; adopting a polymer fiber net with the aperture of 5mm, flatly fixing the polymer fiber net at the bottom of a frame, and binding and fixing the polymer fiber net along a bamboo frame by using a No. 0.3 nylon rope; filling a bottom layer, filling a light floating body material such as porous ceramsite and coke slag with the average porosity of 120/square centimeter in an opening frame, and paving and fixing the light floating body material by using a high-density coconut blanket to prevent the filler from leaking; filling an upper layer, wherein the upper layer is paved and fixed by adopting a high-density coconut blanket so as to prevent partial ceramsite from falling out of the floating bed frame, and one circular hole with the radius of 5cm is arranged on the coconut blanket at intervals of every 30 cm; after the floating bed is launched, aquatic plants including canna, droughhaired bevel grass and cattail aquatic plants are planted in the holes; the substep of establishing the artificial wetland is as follows: selecting the position of the artificial wetland; a fixed mount is arranged at the position of the water body contact part, and the caliber is adopted
Pine wood strips parallel to river bank and fixed in the bottom mud with pine wood spacing of
Filling filler, wherein the filler is mainly mixed by cobblestones, porcelain granules, zeolite and coal cinder, and the particle diameter of the particles is
Left and right; planting aquatic plants, the plant species include: canna, droughty groundsel herb, reed, wild rice stem, calamus and arrowhead; inoculating and culturing indigenous microorganisms and simultaneously performing biological activation and growth promotion; carrying out nitrification control on pollution in the sediment by using targeted treatment; domesticating aquatic filter feeding animals to culture surface filter feeding fish, selecting silver carp, bighead carp and tilapia, culturing, domesticating and throwing; domesticating filter feeding benthonic animals, culturing, domesticating and putting freshwater mussels and snails; by controlling filter-feeding fishes, zooplankton, plants and nutrient substances, the food chain is shortened, and the transmission speed is increased; the survival amount of the animals is controlled by regularly capturing the animals or fishing the animals, the water quality is purified, and the structure of an ecological system is perfected.
CN102701521B is a town sewage treatment method, which comprises a wetland construction method, wherein an artificial filler capable of attaching and growing a large number of microorganisms and an artificial construction water flow device driven by renewable energy sources such as wind energy, solar energy and the like are fixedly arranged in a biological contact oxidation pond, the water body is oxygenated by strengthening the natural reoxygenation of the water body, and organic pollutants which are not degraded in the sewage are fully contacted and biologically oxidized with a microbial film attached and grown on the filler under the condition of sufficient dissolved oxygen in the water, and are further degraded and eliminated completely; meanwhile, submerged plants (sowthistle, hydrilla verticillata, hornworts and eyebright) and floating-leaf plants (lotus and water lily) are planted in the pond to absorb and convert nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in water and bottom mud. Thereby achieving the high-efficiency and deep purification treatment of the sewage with low energy consumption.
CN104803570B discloses an ecological restoration and purification method of landscape water environment, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Performing disinfection and activation treatment on the substrate sludge; (2) sprinkling a microbial community compound preparation; (3) reconstructing a submerged plant community; (4) restoring the water ecosystem food chain; and (5) carrying out conservation management on the water ecosystem. The method applies the biological comprehensive control technology, adopts submerged plants to play a role in purifying water quality, fully utilizes decomposer-microorganism in an ecological system, puts various aquatic animals in the aquatic ecological system, perfects the food chain of the aquatic ecological system, can enable all aquatic species to be mutually restrained, enables the whole river channel, lake, pond and wetland system to keep lasting dynamic balance, recovers the original self-cleaning capacity of the aquatic ecological system, and achieves the effect of long-term stability.
The invention discloses a CN103803760B, which is a wetland sewage purification system with series-connected drainage ditches in a paddy field in an irrigated area, and the wetland sewage purification system structurally comprises an irrigated channel, a paddy field, a drainage ditch and a wetland sewage purification pool, wherein a water inlet and a water outlet of the paddy field are arranged on diagonal lines, the wetland sewage purification pool 1 is arranged at the joint of a ridge and the drainage ditch of the paddy field below the water outlet, the wetland sewage purification pool 1 is repeatedly arranged below the water outlet of each paddy field, the wetland sewage purification pool 1 is applied in a multistage series connection manner to form the wetland sewage purification system with series-connected drainage ditches in the irrigated area, irrigation water is guided into the paddy field through the irrigated channel and then enters the drainage ditch, the tail end of the drainage ditch is the same as that of an adjacent water body, and the drained farmland sewage is gradually purified and then is drained into the adjacent water body. The advantages are that: on the basis of keeping the effective water delivery of the drainage ditch, the invention can also effectively reduce the toxic and harmful substances such as organic matters, heavy metals, chemical fertilizer and pesticide residues and the like in farmland returned water, reduce the nutrient elements such as N, P and the like, and avoid the deterioration of the water quality of the adjacent water areas.
CN102234165B discloses a system for purifying sewage by using artificial wetland and a system method for purifying polluted source water of a water plant, wherein a purified wetland type is disclosed; the wetland root hole ecological cleaning area adopts a form of combining a trench and a plant bed in an embedded manner in series and parallel, a semi-submerged wetland cleaning system combining an artificial root hole and a natural root hole is constructed in the plant bed, the trench consists of a large trench and a small trench, under the dual regulation and control of gate 1252525and clamp 12525setting, water level difference is formed between the adjacent small trenches on two sides of the plant bed of the wetland, source water is evenly distributed to the high-level small trench through the water flow regulation and control of the large trench, and then water flow is driven to pass through each functional area successively by adopting a hydraulic regulation and control means.
The invention finds that the self-maintenance capability of wetland ecosystem is rarely considered in the existing artificial wetland after the related literature construction and the research of the existing wetland, and the inventions of CN104803570B, CN104211259B, CN100378272C and the like disclose the technical scheme of adopting advanced consumers such as fish and the like to carry out ecosystem balance control, but the technical scheme is incomplete, the stability of the ecosystem is poor, and the concrete expression is that
1, the feeding habits and the food volumes of the fish bred in different stages are greatly different;
2, because the light is uncontrollable, the ecological relationship among fungi, benthic species, algae, plants and fishes in the wetland is complex, ecological balance is difficult to achieve, and when the biomass of the fungi and the plants is reduced, nutrient substances are difficult to absorb due to the reduction of producers;
3, the ingestion level of the fish changes along with the change of temperature, light and exercise amount, the exogenous energy also changes along with the change of seasons, and basically no proper ecological control means exists.
The inventor constructs a test wetland in a slow flow area at the bank of a small river, constructs the wetland by adopting a new method, and controls the local ecological environment, so that the ecological process in the wetland is easier to control, and the ecological system is more stable.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to disclose a small river ecological purification wetland which adopts grass carp as a high-grade consumer. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
1, selecting an area with the flow velocity lower than 0.5m/s as an ecological purification wetland substrate in a slow flow area of a small river muddy bank;
2, arranging plant merged fish culture net cages and single net cage on the substrateThe area of the enclosure is not more than 4m 2 ；
3, arranging the net cages at intervals and longitudinally staggered in the water flow direction;
4, arranging the net cage around emergent aquatic plants, wherein the emergent aquatic plants comprise cattail, but are not limited to the cattail, the height of the cattail plants is not more than 40cm, the density is 20-100 plants per square meter, and the total dry weight of the plants in an initial state is controlled to be 12.5-15kg;
5, culturing grass carp of not less than 3 months old in the net cage, wherein the culture density is 6 tails per cubic meter of water body and is less than 1m 3 At least 2 fishes are cultured in each net cage when the water body is in the water body; the direction of the net cage is arranged according to sunlight, and the rotating shaft of the rotating light source box 63 points to the east-west direction;
and 6, the wetland adopts a surface flow and subsurface flow mixing mode, and the surface flow still keeps at least 15cm of water depth under the state of lowest river water level.
A pollution-controlling plant-incorporated fish farming cage, comprising: insert branch, floater, netting, water circulator, solar cell panel, light source control device, bottom insert baffle.
The inserting support rod is inserted into the periphery of a target emergent aquatic plant, the netting surrounds the inserting support rod, the upper edge of the netting penetrates through the main rope, the main rope penetrates through the inserting support rod through a ring buckle, and the top of the main rope is hung with a floating ball;
the upper parts of the inserting support rods are mutually and stably connected by adopting cross rods, light source control boxes are arranged on the cross rods, and the top parts of the inserting support rods are provided with solar panels and energy storage batteries;
the bottom of the insertion supporting rod is provided with a bottom insertion baffle, and the upper edge of the bottom insertion baffle is connected with the netting;
the water circulator is arranged inside the netting and is higher than the bottom inserting baffle, and when the bottom inserting baffle is inserted into underwater soil, the water circulator is arranged on the surface of the soil at the water bottom.
The water circulator includes: an electric water pusher, a main pipe and a branch pipe;
the number of the main pipes is 2, and the electric water pushers are respectively arranged at one end of the main pipes;
the number of the branch pipes is 5, the branch pipes are uniformly arranged on the main pipe, and the nozzles of the branch pipes face the inner side;
the diameter of the connecting position of the branch pipe and the main pipe is half of the diameter of the main pipe, the longest branch pipe is arranged at one end of the electric water pusher, the connecting line of the outlets of the nozzles is an oblique line, and the oblique line forms an included angle of 17 degrees with the main pipe;
each nozzle is an inclined notch, and the notch angle is consistent with the nozzle connecting line;
the opposite side main pipe corresponds to the long and short pipes of the side main pipe, and the inventor finds that the arrangement can generate ascending flow of about 0.1m/s in the middle of the net cage and generate rotating flow of 0.2-0.4 m/s clockwise in the net cage under the action of the 5w electric water pusher.
The light source control device comprises: rotating the light source box and rotating a light source box driving motor;
the rotary light source box is a triangular prism box, one surface of the triangular prism is a transparent surface, the other two surfaces of the triangular prism are opaque surfaces, and the inner side of each opaque surface is a mirror surface;
LED lamps with two wavelengths are arranged in the rotary light source box, one is 473.4-498.9nm, and the other is 622-760nm; the inventor obtains through long-term experiments that grass carps within one age prefer blue light with the light of 473.4-498.9nm, and when the light range is 473.4-498.9nm, the activity of the grass carps is obviously increased and the food intake is increased under the running water state.
In addition, the invention obtains through the production capacity research of emergent aquatic plants: for Typha angustifolia, 622-760nm is the main photosynthesis wavelength. The cattail has stronger photosynthesis at the wavelength of 473.4-498.9 nm. When the growth of the cattail is controlled, the grass carp is activated by irradiating with the radiation with the wavelength of 473.4-498.9nm at night. When the fish activity is reduced and the cattail biomass is increased, 622-760nm light is adopted at night to activate the growth of the cattail.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention provides a new constructed wetland arrangement method;
2. the invention provides a net cage suitable for wetland purification;
3. the cage for captive breeding of the grass carp controls the ecological balance of the wetland and enables the grass carp to become a top-level consumer of the wetland, so that the wetland has higher productivity and economic utilization value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the selection of the ecological purification wetland substrate of the small river by using grass carp as advanced consumer;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the small river ecological purification wetland of the invention using grass carp as advanced consumer;
FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a plant-integrated fish-farming net cage for a small-sized river ecological purification wetland for high-class consumers according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a small-sized river ecological purification wetland plant merged fish farming cage water circulator using grass carp as advanced consumer according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
Annual average flow of 123m in a small river 3 The elevation range of the beach is 16.0-16.9m, the lowest water level of 10% in dry season is 16.5m, the flood water level of 10% in rainy season is 17.3m, the flow velocity of most beach areas in the flood period is lower than 0.45m/s, and the difference of the flood water low level is 0.8m. Peripheral cleaning can be performed using the wetland of the invention. The method comprises the following specific steps:
1, actually measuring the river flow velocity distribution for many years as shown in figure 1, and selecting a slow flow area 1 with the flow velocity lower than 0.5m/s as an ecological purification wetland substrate;
2, arranging plant-merged fish culture net cages on the substrate, wherein the height of the arrangement position is not less than 16.35m, the height of the arrangement position is not more than 16.9m, and the enclosure area of a single net cage is not more than 4m 2 (ii) a As shown in fig. 2, the layout area is not more than 45% of the total substrate area, and the layout area in the present embodiment is 43.5%;
3, the net cages are arranged at intervals and are arranged along a flow line in a longitudinally staggered manner;
4, arranging the net cage around emergent aquatic plants, wherein the emergent aquatic plants comprise cattail, but are not limited to the cattail, the height of the cattail plants is not more than 40cm, the density is 20-100 plants per square meter, and the total dry weight of the plants in an initial state is controlled to be 12.5-15kg;
5, culturing grass carp of not less than 3 months old in the net cage, wherein the culture density is 6 tails per cubic meter of water body and is less than 1m 3 At least 2 fishes are cultured in each net cage when the water body is in the water body; the direction of the net cage is arranged according to sunlight, and the rotating shaft of the rotating light source box 63 points to the east-west direction;
and 6, the wetland adopts a surface flow and subsurface flow mixing mode, and the surface flow still keeps at least 15cm of water depth under the state of lowest river water level.
A pollution-controlling plant-merging fish-farming cage, comprising: the solar water heater comprises an inserting support rod 1, a floating ball 2, a netting 3, a water circulator 4, a solar cell panel 5, a light source control device 6 and a bottom inserting baffle 7.
The inserting support rod 1 is inserted into the periphery of a target emergent aquatic plant, the netting 3 surrounds the inserting support rod, the upper edge of the netting is provided with a main rope 21, the main rope 21 is buckled on the inserting support rod by a ring, and the main rope 21 is hung with a floating ball 2;
the upper parts of the inserting support rods 1 are mutually and stably connected by adopting cross rods 62, the cross rods 62 are provided with light source control boxes 6, and the top parts of the inserting support rods 1 are provided with solar panels 5 and energy storage batteries;
the bottom of the insertion support rod 1 is provided with a bottom insertion baffle 7, and the upper edge of the bottom insertion baffle 7 is connected with the netting 3;
the water circulator 4 is arranged inside the netting higher than the bottom insertion baffle 7, and when the bottom insertion baffle 7 is inserted into underwater soil, the water circulator 4 is at the surface position of the soil at the water bottom.
The water circulator includes: an electric water pusher 41, a main pipe and a branch pipe;
the number of the main pipes is 2, the electric water pusher 4 is respectively arranged at one end of each of the two main pipes, and the other end of each main pipe is provided with a plug 42;
the number of the branch pipes is 5, the branch pipes are uniformly arranged on the main pipe, and the nozzles of the branch pipes face the inner side;
the dimensions of the 5 branches were: 71 branch pipe length 27.4, outlet nozzle diameter 0.20;72 the length of the branch pipe is 21.6, and the diameter of the outlet nozzle is 0.64;73 the branch pipe is 15.7 long, and the diameter of the outlet nozzle is 1.3;74 the branch pipe is 9.8 long, and the diameter of the outlet nozzle is 1.9;75 branch pipes are 3.8 long, and the diameter of an outlet nozzle is 2.6;
the diameter of the connecting position of the branch pipe and the main pipe is half of the diameter of the main pipe, the longest branch pipe is arranged at one end of the electric water pusher, the connecting line of the outlets of the nozzles is an oblique line, and the oblique line forms an included angle of 17 degrees with the main pipe;
each nozzle is an oblique notch, and the notch angle is consistent with the nozzle connecting line;
the opposite side main pipe corresponds to the side main pipe long and short pipes, and the inventor finds that the arrangement can generate ascending flow of about 0.1m/s in the middle of the net cage and generate clockwise rotation flow of 0.2-0.4 m/s in the net cage under the action of the 5w electric water pusher.
The light source control device 6 includes: rotating the light source box 63, rotating the light source box driving motor 61;
the rotating light source box 63 is a triangular prism box, one surface of the triangular prism is a transparent surface, the other two surfaces of the triangular prism are non-transparent surfaces, and the inner side of each non-transparent surface is a mirror surface;
LED lamps with two wavelengths are arranged in the rotary light source box, wherein one LED lamp is 473.4-498.9nm, and the other LED lamp is 622-760nm; the inventor obtains through long-term experiments that grass carps within one age prefer blue light with the light of 473.4-498.9nm, and when the light range is 473.4-498.9nm, the activity of the grass carps is obviously increased and the food intake is increased under the running water state.
In addition, the invention obtains through the production capacity research of emergent aquatic plants: for Typha angustifolia, 622-760nm light is the main photosynthesis wavelength. The cattail has stronger photosynthesis at the wavelength of 473.4-498.9 nm. When the production rate of Typha angustifolia is improved, the Typha angustifolia can be irradiated with light of 622-760nm at night to activate photosynthesis of Typha angustifolia and reduce activity of fish. When the production of cattail and fish is intended to be increased simultaneously, 473.4-498.9nm light is used for irradiation.
TABLE 1 fat content of grass carp (statistic abdomen pure fat only)
| Body weight (g) | Fat content (g) of pond-cultivated grass carp | Fat mass (g) of grass carp cultivated by the method of the invention | Relative fat percentage (%) |
| 1500 | 97.5 | 73.1 | 75 |
| 2500 | 172.5 | 124.2 | 72 |
| 4000 | 288 | 219 | 76 |
Claims (1)
1. A small-sized river ecological purification wetland adopting grass carps as advanced consumers is characterized in that: the technical scheme is as follows:
1) Selecting a region with the flow velocity lower than 0.5m/s as an ecological purification wetland substrate in a slow flow region of a small river muddy bank;
2) Plant-merged fish culture net cages are arranged on the substrate, and the area of the enclosure of each net cage is not more than 4m 2 ；
3) The net cages are arranged at intervals and are arranged along a flow line in a longitudinally staggered manner;
4) The net cage is arranged around emergent aquatic plants, the emergent aquatic plants comprise cattail but are not limited to the cattail, the height of the cattail plants is not more than 40cm, the density is 20-100 plants per square meter, and the total dry weight of the plants in an initial state is controlled to be 12.5-15kg;
5) Culturing grass carp of not less than 3 months old in net cage, wherein the culture density is 6 fish per cubic meter of water body and less than 1m 3 At least 2 fishes are cultured in each net cage when the water body is in the water body; the direction of the net cage is arranged according to sunlight, and the rotating shaft of the rotating light source box points to the east-west direction;
6) The wetland adopts a surface flow and subsurface flow mixing mode, and the surface flow still keeps at least 15cm of water depth under the state of lowest river water level;
plant merge fish aquaculture net case, include: the solar water heater comprises an inserting support rod, a floating ball, a net, a water circulator, a solar cell panel, a light source control device and a bottom inserting baffle plate;
the inserting support rod is inserted into the periphery of a target emergent aquatic plant, the netting surrounds the inserting support rod, the upper edge of the netting penetrates through the main rope, the main rope penetrates through the inserting support rod through a ring buckle, and the top of the main rope is hung with the floating ball;
the upper parts of the inserting support rods are mutually and stably connected by adopting cross rods, the cross rods are provided with light source control boxes, and the tops of the inserting support rods are provided with solar panels and energy storage batteries;
the bottom of the insertion supporting rod is provided with a bottom insertion baffle, and the upper edge of the bottom insertion baffle is connected with the netting;
the water circulator is arranged inside the netting and is higher than the bottom inserting baffle, and when the bottom inserting baffle is inserted into underwater soil, the water circulator is positioned on the surface of the soil at the bottom of the water;
the water circulator includes: an electric water pusher, a main pipe and a branch pipe;
the number of the main pipes is 2, and the electric water pushers are respectively arranged at one end of the main pipes;
the number of the branch pipes is 5, the branch pipes are uniformly arranged on the main pipe, and the nozzles of the branch pipes face the inner side; the diameter of the connecting position of the branch pipe and the main pipe is half of the diameter of the main pipe, the longest branch pipe is arranged at one end of the electric water pusher, the connecting line of the outlets of the nozzles is an oblique line, and the included angle between the oblique line and the main pipe is 17 degrees; each nozzle is an oblique notch, and the notch angle is consistent with the nozzle connecting line;
the light source control device comprises: rotating the light source box and rotating the light source box driving motor;
the rotary light source box is a triangular prism box, one surface of the triangular prism is a transparent surface, the other two surfaces of the triangular prism are non-transparent surfaces, and the inner side of each non-transparent surface is a mirror surface;
LED lamps with two wavelengths are arranged in the rotary light source box, one is 473.4-498.9nm, and the other is 622-760nm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110499486.8A CN113213639B (en) | 2021-05-06 | 2021-05-06 | Small-sized river ecological purification wetland adopting grass carp as advanced consumer |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110499486.8A CN113213639B (en) | 2021-05-06 | 2021-05-06 | Small-sized river ecological purification wetland adopting grass carp as advanced consumer |
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| CN113213639B true CN113213639B (en) | 2022-11-29 |
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| CN104108797B (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2016-04-06 | 宜都市茂源生态农业有限公司 | A kind of water body purification system by aquatic animals and plants stereoscopic configurations and purifying method thereof |
| CN104591396B (en) * | 2015-01-31 | 2017-01-04 | 青岛水务集团有限公司科技中心 | Recycled water Wetland ecological cleaning system |
| CN104891665B (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2017-03-08 | 刘亚湘 | Maintenance circulating treating system is repaired in a kind of waters |
| CN212374990U (en) * | 2020-05-12 | 2021-01-19 | 中交第三航务工程勘察设计院有限公司 | Riverway bypass wetland clean system |
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