CN113203296A - On-line monitoring method for air leakage of flue of steel rolling heating furnace - Google Patents
On-line monitoring method for air leakage of flue of steel rolling heating furnace Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D21/00—Arrangements of monitoring devices; Arrangements of safety devices
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of energy efficiency analysis in the metallurgical industry, in particular to an online monitoring method for the air leakage quantity of a steel rolling heating furnace flue, which comprises the following steps: s1, keeping the operation condition of the steel rolling heating furnace stable, and closing the blending cold air valve; s2, measuring furnace gas components at the furnace head and the furnace tail; measuring the smoke components of the inlet of the air preheater and the straight pipe section of the outlet flue of the air preheater; s3, calculating the actual excess air coefficient of the furnace combustion; s4, calculating the amount of flue gas generated by combustion of the hearth: s5 estimating the air leakage rate of the hearth at the furnace door and the holes; s6, calculating the flue gas flow entering the flue from the hearth; s7, calculating the actual flue gas amount; s8, according to the smoke components obtained by the test, calculating the excess air coefficient of the flue containing air leakage; s9, calculating the actual flue gas flow in the flue; s10, calculating the average air leakage rate of the flue. The invention has the advantages that: can provide basis for accurately evaluating the heat balance of the heating furnace, and has positive significance for production management and improved design of the heating furnace.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy efficiency analysis of steel rolling heating furnaces in the metallurgical industry, in particular to an online monitoring method for air leakage of a flue of a steel rolling heating furnace.
Background
The steel rolling heating furnace is a main energy consumption device in a steel rolling process, improves the heat efficiency of the heating furnace, reasonably utilizes the waste heat of the exhaust smoke of the heating furnace, can avoid the great waste of energy, and reduces the production cost of steel rolling. Because the hearth of the heating furnace is in positive pressure, part of the smoke can escape from the furnace door and the holes under the action of the positive pressure, and the rest smoke enters the flue. A waste heat recovery device, an air preheater and a coal gas preheater are generally installed in the flue. Under the action of the draught fan, negative pressure exists in the flue, cold air is leaked into the flue, the smoke volume is increased, and the smoke temperature is reduced. In addition, a cold air mixing device is generally arranged at the outlet of the hearth, so that the air preheater is prevented from being over-heated, and the amount of flue gas can be increased by mixing cold air. Therefore, accurate measurement and calculation of air leakage rate are important bases for analyzing heat balance of the heating furnace system and evaluating performance of the flue gas waste heat recovery device.
201811418929.0 the invention discloses a test system for resistance and air leakage of an exhaust flue, which comprises an air source with adjustable air quantity, an air quantity measuring device, a first barometer, a second barometer and a third barometer, wherein the exhaust flue penetrates through the 1 st to n th floors of a multi-storey building, and n is an integer greater than or equal to 4; the air quantity measuring device is respectively communicated with an air source and an air inlet of the exhaust flue positioned on the ith layer in a fluid mode; the first barometer is arranged in the exhaust flue of the (i + 1) th layer, and i is an integer selected from 1 to n-3; the second barometer is arranged in the exhaust flue of the jth layer, j is an integer which is greater than or equal to i +2 and less than or equal to n-1; the third barometer is arranged on the side wall of the exhaust flue, which has a first distance from the air inlet. The method of measuring the air volume is a very direct test mode, and has the problems that a sensor needs to be additionally arranged for measurement, extra investment and management are needed, and the production cost is increased.
Therefore, the operation monitoring data of the steel rolling heating furnace at present generally cannot reflect the size of the air leakage of the flue, and cannot find whether the air leakage of the flue and the performance of the flue waste heat recovery device are in a normal level or not in time, and the energy consumption of the heating furnace is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an online monitoring method for the air leakage of a steel rolling heating furnace flue, which overcomes the defects of the prior art, calculates the actual flue gas quantity by utilizing an excess air coefficient, and solves the problems of low efficiency of a waste heat recovery device, insufficient preheating temperature of air and coal gas, large heat loss of exhaust smoke and the like by detecting the air leakage quantity in time, thereby providing a basis for accurately evaluating the heat balance of the heating furnace and finding a measure for improving the heat efficiency of the heating furnace.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
s1: keeping the operation condition of the steel rolling heating furnace stable, and closing a mixing cold air valve at the inlet of a flue air preheater;
s2: after the test has started, the furnace pressure p is recordedlGas quantity VmAir volume Vk(ii) a Measuring the components of the coal gas at selected points of the straight pipe section of the coal gas conveying pipeline; measuring components of furnace gas at a furnace head and a furnace tail; measuring the smoke components of the inlet of the air preheater and the straight pipe section of the outlet flue of the air preheater;
s3: calculating actual excess air coefficient alpha of combustion of furnace chamber by using formula 1 and formula 2l；
In the formula: l is0Theoretical air quantity, m3/m3；
-the combustible content by volume,%; m and n are hydrocarbon composition coefficients;
s4: calculating the amount of flue gas generated by combustion of the hearth by using the formula 3:
in the formula: vsActual amount of flue gas, m, produced by combustion in the furnace3/m3；
-volume content of non-combustible components,%; gkWater content of dry air, g/m3；
S5: estimating the air leakage V of the hearth at the furnace door and the hole by using the formula 4l；
In the formula: vlThe amount of escaping air through the door, opening, m3/h；plFurnace gas gauge pressure Pa at the bottom of the furnace door and the hole; ρ c-air density at ambient temperature, kg/m3(ii) a ρ y-air density at ambient temperature, kg/m3(ii) a H, furnace gas gauge pressure Pa at the bottom of a furnace door and a hole; μ — flow coefficient, back wall, thin wall; b-average width of furnace door holes, m; tau is the opening time h in the furnace door and the hole 1 h; pc-atmospheric pressure, Pa; tyl-furnace gas temperature at furnace door and hole, degree C;
s6: the actual flue gas amount of the steel rolling heating furnace entering the flue can be determined by subtracting the gas escaping amount from the flue gas amount generated by fuel combustion in the hearth, and the flue gas amount of the hearth entering the flue is calculated by using a formula (5);
Vyg＝Vs·Vm-Vl(formula 5)
In the formula: vyg-considering the flue gas input m under the condition of hearth gas escape3/h；
S7: calculating actual flue gas volume V by using excess air coefficientsAnd the actual flue gas component in the flue is the result of mixing flue gas entering the flue and flue air leakage, and in order to ensure that the air leakage calculation reference is consistent, the formula (6) is used for calculating the corresponding converted gas quantity entering the flue gas；
In the formula: vzm-the amount of converted gas contained in the flue gas entering the flue;
s8: according to the flue gas components at the flue obtained by testing, based on a formula 7, calculating the excess air coefficient alpha of the flue containing air leakagey(ii) a Calculating the air leakage coefficient of the flue according to a formula 8;
in the formula:
-flue gas constituent volume content,%;
αlf＝αy-αl(formula 8)
S9: on the basis of determining the flue excess air coefficient, replacing the furnace outlet excess air coefficient with the flue excess air coefficient based on a formula 3, and calculating the actual flue gas flow V in the flueyg1；
S10: after the flue gas amount at the outlet of the hearth and the flue is determined, calculating the average air leakage amount of the flue according to a formula (9);
Vlk＝Vyg1-Vyg(formula 9)
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention can detect the air leakage in time and find the air leakage situation in time by detecting the air leakage in time for the heating furnace with the phenomena of non-tight doped air valve and serious air leakage of the flue due to longer operation period, and solves the problems of low efficiency of the waste heat recovery device, insufficient preheating temperature of air and coal gas, large heat loss of exhaust smoke and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a computing process of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a heating furnace body parameter acquisition position in an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-heating furnace body, 2-furnace door furnace gas measuring point, 3-furnace tail furnace gas measuring point, 4-air preheater inlet measuring point and 5-air preheater outlet measuring point.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only illustrative and are not intended to limit the present invention.
The following describes the steps of the present invention with reference to the following examples and drawings:
taking a steel rolling heating furnace of a certain iron and steel enterprise as an end-in end-out conventional stepping type as an example, the annual output is designed to be 70 ten thousand tons, fuel is mixed gas of blast furnace gas and coke oven gas, and the gas and the configured air are double-preheated flue gas waste heat recovery system. Because the operation life is longer, the phenomena of untight doped cold air valve and serious air leakage of a flue exist, and the problems of low efficiency of a waste heat recovery device, insufficient preheating temperature of air and coal gas, large heat loss of exhaust smoke and the like are caused. The implementation steps of the air leakage rate measurement and calculation are as follows:
s1: the test time is 2020 and 7 months, and one hour before the data acquisition and test starts, the steel rolling heating furnace is kept to operate stably, the material specification is not changed, and the material processing amount is maintained at 24 blocks/h.
S2: recording the amount of gas and air fed to the furnace, Vm＝20200m3/h，Vk＝48000m3H; the composition of the fuel is tested and,
s3: calculating the excess air coefficient alpha of the hearth according to the formulas (1) and (2)l＝1.237；
S4: calculating the smoke gas quantity Vs of 64229m generated by the combustion of the hearth according to the formula (3)3/h；
In order to determine the amount of air escaping from the oven door, the temperature at the oven door is recorded, the oven gas temperature t at the oven headyl,lt1100 deg.C, furnace gas temperature t at furnace tailyl,lwThe temperature is 600 ℃; the opening time of the furnace door is 55s each time; recording the furnace pressure p l5 Pa; the opening width b of the furnace door is 8000 mm.
S5: according to the formula (4), calculating the gas escaping quantity V of the oven doorl＝13121m3/h；
S6: according to the formula (5), calculating the smoke volume V entering the flue from the hearthyg＝51108m3/h；
S7: according to the formula (6), calculating the converted gas quantity Vzm＝16073m3/h；
S8: as shown in FIG. 2, the flue gas composition, O, was tested at the inlet of the flue air preheater2＝6.2％，N2＝80.05％，CO213.75%; according to the formula (7), calculating the excess air coefficient a at the inlet of the air preheatery1.5114; according to the formula (8), calculating the air leakage coefficient a of the fluelf＝0.2744；
S9: calculating the actual flue gas flow V of the inlet of the air preheater in the flue according to the formula (4) and the formula (5)yg1＝60722m3/h；
S10: according to the formula (9), calculating the air leakage rate V from the outlet of the hearth to the inlet flue of the air preheaterlk＝9614m3The air leakage rate reaches 18.8 percent;
through measurement and calculation, the air leakage coefficient of the flue is 0.2744, the air leakage rate reaches 18.8 percent and is obviously higher than the normal air leakage coefficient by 0.02-0.03, and the air leakage of the flue is judged to be serious. By finding the reason, the valve at the cold air mixing position cannot be tightly closed, so that the air leakage is serious. A large amount of air leakage reduces the temperature of the flue gas, and the waste heat recovery efficiency of the air preheater is reduced. The determination of the air leakage rate provides a basis for accurately evaluating the heat balance of the heating furnace, so that measures for improving the heat efficiency of the heating furnace are found.
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof, and it is therefore intended that all such changes and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention be considered as within the following claims.
Claims (4)
1. An online monitoring method for air leakage of a steel rolling heating furnace flue is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: keeping the operation condition of the steel rolling heating furnace stable, and closing a mixing cold air valve at the inlet of a flue air preheater;
s2: after the test has started, the furnace pressure p is recordedlGas quantity VmAir volume Vk(ii) a Measuring the components of the coal gas at selected points of the straight pipe section of the coal gas conveying pipeline; measuring components of furnace gas at a furnace head and a furnace tail; measuring the smoke components of the inlet of the air preheater and the straight pipe section of the outlet flue of the air preheater;
s3: calculating actual excess air coefficient alpha of combustion of furnace chamber by using formula 1 and formula 2l；
In the formula: l is0Theoretical air quantity, m3/m3；
-the combustible content by volume,%; m and n are hydrocarbon composition coefficients;
s4: calculating the amount of flue gas generated by combustion of the hearth by using the formula 3:
in the formula: vsActual amount of flue gas, m, produced by combustion in the furnace3/m3；
-volume content of non-combustible components,%; gkWater content of dry air, g/m3；
S5: estimating the air leakage V of the hearth at the furnace door and the hole by using the formula 4l；
In the formula: vlThe amount of escaping air through the door, opening, m3/h；plFurnace gas gauge pressure Pa at the bottom of the furnace door and the hole; ρ c-air density at ambient temperature, kg/m3(ii) a ρ y-air density at ambient temperature, kg/m3(ii) a H, furnace gas gauge pressure Pa at the bottom of a furnace door and a hole; μ — flow coefficient, back wall, thin wall; b-average width of furnace door holes, m; tau is the opening time h in the furnace door and the hole 1 h; pc-atmospheric pressure, Pa; tyl-furnace gas temperature at furnace door and hole, degree C;
s6: the actual flue gas amount of the steel rolling heating furnace entering the flue can be determined by subtracting the gas escaping amount from the flue gas amount generated by fuel combustion in the hearth, and the flue gas amount of the hearth entering the flue is calculated by using a formula (5);
Vyg＝Vs·Vm-Vl(formula 5)
In the formula: vyg-considering the flue gas input m under the condition of hearth gas escape3/h；
S7: using excess airCalculating actual smoke volume V by gas coefficientsThe actual flue gas component in the flue is the result of mixing the flue gas entering the flue and the flue air leakage, and in order to ensure that the air leakage calculation reference is consistent, the corresponding converted gas quantity entering the flue gas is calculated by using a formula (6);
in the formula: vzm-the amount of converted gas contained in the flue gas entering the flue;
s8: according to the flue gas components at the flue obtained by testing, based on a formula 7, calculating the excess air coefficient alpha of the flue containing air leakagey(ii) a Calculating the air leakage coefficient of the flue according to a formula 8;
in the formula:
-flue gas constituent volume content,%;
αlf＝αy-αl(formula 8)
S9: on the basis of determining the flue excess air coefficient, replacing the furnace outlet excess air coefficient with the flue excess air coefficient based on a formula 3, and calculating the actual flue gas flow V in the flueyg1；
S10: after the flue gas amount at the outlet of the hearth and the flue is determined, calculating the average air leakage amount of the flue according to a formula (9);
Vlk＝Vyg1-Vyg(equation 9).
2. The method for on-line monitoring of the air leakage of the flue of the steel rolling heating furnace according to claim 1, wherein the industrial and mining control of the operation of the steel rolling heating furnace in the step 1) is a conventional control, the process parameters are all process parameters of a normal flue gas waste heat recovery system, and the on-line monitoring of the air leakage is realized by adding an on-line monitoring subprogram in a control program of the existing flue gas waste heat recovery system.
3. The on-line monitoring method for the air leakage of the flue of the steel rolling heating furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein no air quantity parameter is collected in the process parameters, and no additional investment is required.
4. The online monitoring method for the air leakage of the flue of the steel rolling heating furnace according to claim 1, wherein the stable operation condition in the step 1) means that the fluctuation of each parameter of the hearth pressure, the hearth temperature, the coal gas quantity, the air quantity, the flue gas component type and the handling capacity is within +/-5% of a normal average value.
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