CN113195778A - 具有包含锌薄片和/或铝薄片层的双涂层的膨胀锚 - Google Patents
具有包含锌薄片和/或铝薄片层的双涂层的膨胀锚 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000005030 aluminium foil Substances 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 78
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFZAUHNPPZCSCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron zinc Chemical compound [Fe].[Zn] KFZAUHNPPZCSCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel zinc Chemical compound [Ni].[Zn] QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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- F16B13/00—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose
- F16B13/12—Separate metal or non-separate or non-metal dowel sleeves fastened by inserting the screw, nail or the like
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/021—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material including at least one metal alloy layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/023—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only
- C23C28/025—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only with at least one zinc-based layer
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- F16B13/00—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose
- F16B13/04—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front
- F16B13/06—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front combined with expanding sleeve
- F16B13/063—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front combined with expanding sleeve by the use of an expander
- F16B13/065—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front combined with expanding sleeve by the use of an expander fastened by extracting the screw, nail or the like
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- F16B13/00—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose
- F16B13/04—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front
- F16B13/06—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front combined with expanding sleeve
- F16B13/063—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front combined with expanding sleeve by the use of an expander
- F16B13/066—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front combined with expanding sleeve by the use of an expander fastened by extracting a separate expander-part, actuated by the screw, nail or the like
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Abstract
本发明涉及具有以下的膨胀锚:锚栓;作为第一元件的膨胀套筒,其中所述膨胀套筒围绕所述锚栓;作为第二元件的楔形主体,其用于使所述膨胀套筒膨胀,其中所述楔形主体提供在所述锚栓上;和双涂层,其提供在所述第一元件和所述第二元件中的一个上至少在与所述第一元件和所述第二元件中的另一个的接触区域中,其中提供有所述双涂层的所述元件为碳钢零件。根据本发明,所述双涂层包括锌薄片和/或铝薄片顶层和被所述锌薄片和/或铝薄片顶层覆盖的热浸镀锌、ZnFe或ZnNi基层。
Description
本发明涉及根据权利要求1的前序部分的锚栓,在其锚栓或其膨胀套筒上具有双涂层。
待用于开裂的混凝土中的锚通常要求在其膨胀机制中既要防止大气腐蚀,又要有明确的摩擦学特性。鉴于此,已经提出在Zn和/或ZnNi电镀的碳钢的顶部上或在不锈钢的顶部上涂覆具有薄的摩擦学涂层的锚栓。薄的摩擦学涂层可为开裂的混凝土中的操作提供摩擦学特性。举例来说,WO18010952 A1描述一种膨胀锚,其中楔形主体具有腐蚀保护层(其为Zn/Ni层或Zn/Fe层)以及覆盖腐蚀保护层的水基漆润滑摩擦学层。
在US5176481 A、DE10108844 A1和US2018180081 A1中描述具有摩擦学涂层的其它膨胀锚,其中US2018180081 A1公开其中顶层的摩擦系数大于基层的摩擦系数的双涂层。
WO18114308 A1描述用于涂布用于化学紧固技术的冷加工多锥锚固元件的方法,其方式为使得改进锚固元件与注射砂浆的分离性,并且还改进滑动特性和腐蚀保护。方法包括以下步骤:i)特别是用ZnNi对多锥锚固元件进行镀锌,ii)涂覆保护性涂层,尤其是锌薄片涂层,例如Tech seal(R)Silver WL4,iv)涂覆底漆,特别是基于丙烯酸酯的有机粘结剂***,和v)涂覆顶涂层,特别是蜡涂层。
2018年8月14日的欧洲技术评估ETA 17/0184描述涂布有锌薄片涂层的膨胀锚。
本发明的目的为提供一种膨胀锚,其在特别容易制造和/或可靠的同时,具有特别好的性能和耐久性,优选地对于在开裂的混凝土中的室外使用而言。
此目的通过根据权利要求1所述的膨胀锚来实现。从属权利要求描述优选的实施例。
本发明的锚的特征在于,双涂层包括锌薄片和/或铝薄片顶层和被锌薄片和/或铝薄片顶层覆盖的热浸镀锌、ZnNi或ZnFe基层。因此,基层为热浸镀锌层、ZnNi层,特别是电镀的ZnNi层或ZnFe层,特别是电镀的ZnFe层,并且顶层为锌薄片和/或铝薄片层。
本发明基于以下发现:对于室外使用,除了大气腐蚀之外,还可以需要考虑湿混凝土的影响。湿混凝土可产生碱性环境。结果发现,在一定条件下,碳钢膨胀锚栓上的Zn、ZnNi和/或热浸镀锌涂层可受到湿混凝土的碱性环境的侵蚀,潜在地导致摩擦学叠置层的分层并且因此导致开裂的混凝土性能随时间推移的潜在下降。可使用不锈钢代替Zn、ZnNi和/或热浸涂层碳钢,但这将通常产生更高的制造费用。混凝土的不利碱性效应对膨胀锚具有特异性,并且通常不存在于嵌入注射砂浆外壳中的化学锚中,因为注射砂浆外壳保护化学锚不受混凝土的碱性效应的影响。
鉴于此,提出包括基层(其为电镀的ZnNi(锌镍)或电镀的ZnFe(锌铁)或热浸镀锌(HDG)层)和顶层(其为锌薄片和/或铝薄片层)的双涂层在碳钢基底上。已经发现,这种类型的双涂层可提供对大气腐蚀的特别好的保护、对开裂的混凝土膨胀机制的良好的摩擦学特性以及对湿混凝土中开裂的混凝土膨胀机制的良好的机械耐久性。这种组合可优选地允许将碳钢元件用于开裂的混凝土中的室外使用。在此方面,锌薄片和/或铝薄片涂层可有利地有助于所有三个项目。作为具有金属薄片的稳定的基于聚合物的腐蚀保护涂层,它可提供牺牲特性和化学稳定性,优选地在湿混凝土环境中抵抗碱性侵蚀。另外,它还可提供膨胀机制所需的必要的摩擦学特性,因此可不需要额外的摩擦学涂层。特别地,它可在湿混凝土环境中发现的碱性条件下维持必要的摩擦学特性。ZnNi、ZnFe或HDG基层的相对较高的硬度可使顶层机械稳定,特别是在膨胀机制经历的高负荷下,有效地抵消机械引起的分层,并且在开裂的混凝土应用中提供特别好的耐久性。此外,ZnNi、ZnFe或HDG基层有助于耐大气腐蚀性,从而显著地提高暴露在大气中的锚零件的耐腐蚀性。
更优选地,基层为ZnNi层,特别是电镀的ZnNi层。从制造的角度来看这可为有利的。ZnNi层包括大量的锌和镍。ZnNi层中的镍含量优选地为8至18wt%,特别是10至16wt%。如果含量太高,那么涂层角部太脆,这可导致较差的粘合特性。如果含量太低,那么腐蚀保护可较差。
特别地,锌薄片和/或铝薄片层包括锌薄片和/或铝薄片,优选地两者,但也可以包括其中的任一个,其中薄片通过基质,特别是聚合物基质粘结在一起。因此,锌薄片和/或铝薄片层特别是非电解涂覆的涂层。基质可为有机的或无机的。锌薄片和/或铝薄片层的材料可符合国际标准ISO 10683和/或欧洲标准EN 13858。
锚栓为细长主体。楔形主体和锚栓连接以传递拉力。特别地,如果膨胀锚为所谓的套筒型膨胀锚,那么楔形主体可例如与锚栓螺纹连接。特别地,如果膨胀锚为所谓的楔型膨胀锚,那么楔形主体也可紧密地固定到锚栓上。在楔型膨胀锚的情况下,特别优选的是楔形主体和锚栓为一体的,即它们形成一个片件。如果膨胀锚为楔型膨胀锚,那么锚栓优选地提供有面向前方的肩部,以供膨胀套筒抵接并且用于使膨胀套筒前移到孔中。
膨胀套筒围绕锚栓,特别是环绕纵轴。优选地,膨胀套筒为单个片件。然而,它还可由几个单独的片段组成。
特别地,锚栓可在锚栓的后部区域中具有张力引入结构。张力引入结构旨在用于将向后定向的拉力引入到锚栓中。张力引入结构例如可为提供在锚栓上的螺纹,特别是外螺纹。优选地,将螺母拧到螺纹上,所述螺母可保持由锚附接的附接零件。张力引入结构例如也可为形成最大横截面的头部或卡口型锁。
楔形主体可优选地位于锚栓的前部区域中。楔形主体,特别是其会聚区,旨在用于当楔形主体相对于膨胀套筒向后移动时使膨胀套筒膨胀,特别是用于使膨胀套筒相对于纵轴径向膨胀。在会聚区中,楔形主体在其侧表面上朝向锚栓的后部和/或朝向张力引入结构会聚,其中会聚的焦点可优选地在纵轴上。这可特别意味着,楔形主体的侧表面与纵轴的径向距离朝向楔形主体的后部变小。楔形主体可具有额外的区,例如优选地为圆柱形的过渡区和/或尖端区。会聚区可例如为圆锥形的,或者可具有更复杂的形状,例如凸形或凹形。特别地,会聚区形成针对膨胀套筒的楔形。
膨胀套筒可具有源自膨胀套筒前端的至少一个狭缝。由于制造原因可存在狭缝,特别是如果膨胀套筒是通过在锚栓周围使板材弯曲来制造的。可替代地或另外,可提供至少一个狭缝用于辅助膨胀套筒的膨胀。优选地,膨胀套筒具有源自膨胀套筒前端的多个狭缝,并且膨胀套筒具有在相邻狭缝之间的指状物。
锚栓优选地具有位于楔形主体附近的颈部。在安装锚之前,颈部可至少部分地容纳膨胀套筒。颈部特别地定位在会聚区的后方。
在使用术语“纵轴”的情况下,此术语特别是应指锚栓的纵轴,其通常也是膨胀锚的纵轴。根据通常的定义,“纵轴”特别地可为在纵向方向上,即在细长锚栓的长度方向上延伸的轴。在使用术语“径向地”、“轴向地”或“周向地”的情况下,此术语特别是应相对于锚栓的纵轴理解。
双涂层可分别提供在第一元件或第二元件上,即在膨胀套筒或楔形主体上。这两个元件中的另一个也可用额外的单层涂层或额外的多层涂层涂布。
至少在其上提供双涂层的元件为碳钢零件,这可特别意味着此元件由碳钢组成。第一元件和第二元件中的另一个优选地也为钢零件,更优选地为不锈钢零件。
至少在第一元件和第二元件中的一个的接触区域中提供双涂层,但是双涂层也可另外延伸并且可优选地覆盖所述元件的整个表面。如果双涂层提供在楔形主体上,那么它也可延伸到锚栓,特别是如果楔形主体和锚栓至少部分为一体的。鉴于制造努力,所有这些都可为有利的。
顶层叠置基层,即,顶层形成顶涂层并且基层形成底涂层,基层定位成夹在顶层和基底(即第一元件和第二元件中的一个)之间。在双涂层的层的顶部上、在双涂层的层的下面或在双涂层的层之间可存在额外的层,例如,在顶部上的彩色油漆层或在下面的粘合剂层。顶层包括接触或叠置基层的内表面和背离基层的外表面。
优选地,双涂层提供在楔形主体上,即第二元件上。在这种情况下,楔形主体为碳钢零件,并且与第一和第二元件中的另一个的接触区域为与膨胀套筒的接触区域。由于典型的楔形主体的相对较高的质量,鉴于制造费用,这可为特别有利的,特别是如果楔形主体和锚栓为一体的。因此,优选地,楔形主体和锚栓为一体的,并且双涂层覆盖楔形主体和锚栓的所有表面。膨胀套筒,即第一元件,优选地由钢组成,其可为涂布或未涂布的。举例来说,它可为不锈钢零件或涂层碳钢零件。优选地,膨胀套筒由不锈钢组成,其可为涂布或未涂布的。鉴于腐蚀特性和/或制造费用,这可为有利的。
如上文已经提到的,楔形主体和锚栓优选地为一体的,并且双涂层延伸到锚栓。这可另外减少制造努力,并且提供整个锚的特别好的耐久性和可靠性。楔形主体和锚栓可在同一个涂布步骤中一起用双层涂布。优选地,双涂层覆盖楔形主体和锚栓的所有表面。
特别优选的是,至少在接触区域中,双涂层的锌薄片和/或铝薄片顶层为未涂布的。因此,至少在接触区域中,特别是在与膨胀套筒的接触区域中,在锌薄片和/或铝薄片顶层的顶部上没有额外的顶涂层。因为锌薄片和/或铝薄片顶层本身可具有用于开裂的混凝土膨胀机制的足够的摩擦学特性,所以此实施例允许以特别低的制造努力来获得有效的锚。如果双层延伸到接触区域之外,那么在那些区域中锌薄片和/或铝薄片顶层也可为未涂布的,但是也可在那些区域中提供例如提供光学标记的额外的涂层(如彩色涂层)。
本发明还涉及一种用于使用(特别是用于安装)本发明的膨胀锚的方法,其中楔形主体相对于膨胀套筒向后移动,特别是使膨胀套筒膨胀。特别地,本发明还涉及一种用于使用(特别是用于安装)本发明的膨胀锚的方法,其中将锚***孔中,并且楔形主体相对于膨胀套筒向后移动,其中锚位于孔中,特别地至少膨胀套筒的尖端位于孔中。因此,按预期使用和/或安装锚。楔形主体相对于膨胀套筒向后移动优选地可通过以下步骤来实现:将附接有楔形主体的锚栓从孔中拉出,或/和使楔形主体相对于锚栓向后移动。
在此结合膨胀锚所描述的特征也可用于使用膨胀锚的方法,并且在此结合用于使用膨胀锚的方法所描述的特征也可用于膨胀锚。
下面参考在附图中示意性地描绘的优选的示例性实施例更详细地解释本发明。在本发明的范围内,以下呈现的示例性实施例的各个特征可单独地或以任何组合来实现。
图1示出安装在混凝土基底中的膨胀锚的第一实施例的纵向截面图;
图2示出图1的在锚的前部区域中,即在图1中用圆圈标记的区域中的膨胀锚的放大示意图;
图3示出图1和2的实施例的修改中的膨胀锚的纵向截面图,为清楚起见省略膨胀套筒;
图4示出安装在混凝土基底中的膨胀锚的第三实施例的纵向截面图;和
图5示出图4的在锚的前部区域中,即在图4中用圆圈标记的区域中的膨胀锚的放大示意图。
图1和2示出本发明的膨胀锚的第一实施例。膨胀锚包括限定纵轴99的细长锚栓10、围绕锚栓10的膨胀套筒30,以及提供在锚栓10上,即在锚栓10的前端附近的用于膨胀套筒30的楔形主体12。
楔形主体12具有会聚区23,其旨在用于当楔形主体12在向后方向101上被拉入到膨胀套筒30时,即当楔形主体12相对于膨胀套筒30向后移动到膨胀套筒30中时,使膨胀套筒30径向膨胀。为此目的,在会聚区23中,楔形主体12的侧表面朝向锚的后部会聚。在本实例中,楔形主体12的侧表面在会聚区23中为圆锥形的,其中会聚的焦点在纵轴99上。然而,这仅为实例,并且其它会聚设计也为可以的。
在本实例中,楔形主体12还具有过渡区22和尖端区21,所述过渡区位于会聚区23的前方并且邻近于所述会聚区,所述尖端区位于过渡区22的前方并且邻近于所述过渡区。在过渡区22中,与会聚区23相比,向后会聚较小,或向后会聚甚至为零,但是优选地为非反向会聚,即不是前向会聚。在本实例中,在会聚区23中不存在会聚,即零,并且楔形主体12在会聚区23中具有圆柱形的侧表面,特别是具有圆形基部的圆柱形。在尖端区21中,楔形主体12的侧表面朝向锚的前端会聚。
锚栓10具有颈部25,其位于楔形主体12附近并且在其后方,并且其中锚栓10具有恒定的横截面。至少在安装锚之前,膨胀套筒30围绕此颈部25。在颈部25处,锚栓10的直径可为最小的。
在本实施例中,锚为楔型的。锚栓10在颈部25的后端具有面向前方的肩部17,所述肩部用于与膨胀套筒30轴向接合并且使膨胀套筒30向前移。楔形主体12以轴向固定的方式连接至锚栓10,并且在当前情况下,楔形主体12例如与锚栓10成一体。
在锚栓10的后部区域中,锚栓10提供有外螺纹18,其提供用于将向后定向的张力引入锚栓10的张力引入结构。螺母8可以螺纹接合在外螺纹18上。
膨胀套筒30可提供有多个狭缝(未示出),所述狭缝源自膨胀套筒30的前端并且朝向膨胀套筒30的后端延伸。
当安装锚时,首先推动锚栓10和楔形主体12的前端并且推入基底5中的孔中。在此过程中,锚栓10和楔形主体12在向前方向上,即在与向后方向101相反的方向上平行于纵轴99移动。肩部17接合膨胀套筒30,使得膨胀套筒30跟随锚栓10的移动。随后,通过使楔形主体12相对于膨胀套筒30在向后方向101上移动,楔形主体12被拉入到膨胀套筒30的前端区域中。在本实施例中,这是通过向后一起拉动锚栓10和楔形主体12来实现的,特别是通过拧紧提供在锚栓10的外螺纹18上的螺母8来实现。当楔形主体12被拉入到膨胀套筒30的前端区域中时,膨胀套筒30被楔形主体12径向加宽并且被压靠在孔的壁上。由于此机制,膨胀锚固定在基底5中。膨胀锚固定在基底5中的安装状态在图1中示出。可借助于螺母8将安装零件6固定到基底5上。
在与膨胀套筒30的接触区域中,所述接触区域形成在楔形主体12的会聚区23上,楔形主体12被包括基层61和覆盖基层61的顶层62的双涂层覆盖。此双涂层在图2中示出。基层61定位成夹在顶层62和特别是以粘合的粘结方式承载两层61、62的楔形主体12之间。基层61为热浸镀锌层、ZnFe层或ZnNi层,并且顶层62为锌薄片和/或铝薄片层。楔形主体12并且优选地还有锚栓10由碳钢组成。膨胀套筒30可例如由不锈钢或涂布的碳钢组成。
在图1和2的示例性实施例中,由层61和62组成的双涂层被示出为位于楔形主体12上。然而,具有层61和62的双涂层可另外延伸到颈部区域11中或之外。特别地,双涂层可覆盖楔形主体12和锚栓10的所有表面。这类实施例在图3中示出,其中双涂层以强烈放大的方式用虚线指示。为清楚起见,在图3中省略膨胀套筒,以便突出双层。要用于图3的实施例中的膨胀套筒可以例如类似于图1和2的膨胀套筒选择。
在图1至3的示例性实施例中的膨胀锚为“楔形锚”类型的。其中膨胀锚为“套筒锚”类型的另一示例性实施例在图4和5中示出。在图1至3的实施例中,各个楔形主体12轴向固定地紧固到锚栓10,并且特别地与锚栓10成一体。相反,在图4和5的示例性实施例中,楔形主体12可相对于锚栓10轴向移位。特别地,具有会聚区23的楔形主体12具有内螺纹孔,并且锚栓10具有对应的外螺纹。对应的螺纹形成传动机制,其可将锚栓10相对于楔形主体12的旋转转换成楔形主体12相对于锚栓10的轴向位移。另外,在图4和图5的膨胀锚中,也可由几个管状片件组成的膨胀套筒30延伸到孔的口部,并且加宽的头部88可在锚栓10的后端区域处旋转地固定到锚栓10。
为了安装图4和5的膨胀锚,将锚栓10设置成优选地经由头部88环绕纵轴99旋转。对应的螺纹将锚栓10的此旋转移动转化为楔形主体12相对于锚栓10并且因此相对于膨胀套筒30的轴向移动,引起楔形主体12被拉入膨胀套筒30中。
图4和图5的膨胀锚再次具有包括基层61和顶层62的双涂层,所述双涂层至少在与膨胀套筒30的接触区域中覆盖楔形主体12,所述接触区域位于楔形主体12的会聚区23上。基层61为热浸镀锌层、ZnFe层或ZnNi层,并且顶层62为锌薄片和/或铝薄片层。楔形主体12并且优选地还有锚栓10由碳钢组成。膨胀套筒30可例如由不锈钢或涂布的碳钢组成。
Claims (8)
1.一种膨胀锚,其具有
-锚栓(10),
-作为第一元件的膨胀套筒(30),其中所述膨胀套筒(30)围绕所述锚栓(10),
-作为第二元件的楔形主体(12),其用于使所述膨胀套筒(30)膨胀,其中所述楔形主体(12)提供在所述锚栓(10)上,和
-双涂层,其提供在所述第一元件和所述第二元件中的一个上至少在与所述第一元件和所述第二元件中的另一个的接触区域中,
-其中提供有所述双涂层的所述元件为碳钢零件,
其特征在于
-所述双涂层包括锌薄片和/或铝薄片顶层(62)和被所述锌薄片和/或铝薄片顶层(62)覆盖的热浸镀锌、ZnNi或ZnFe基层(61)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的膨胀锚,
其特征在于
所述双涂层提供在所述楔形主体(12)上。
3.根据权利要求2所述的膨胀锚,
其特征在于
所述膨胀套筒(30)由钢组成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的膨胀锚,
其特征在于
所述膨胀套筒(30)由不锈钢组成。
5.根据权利要求2至4中任一项所述的膨胀锚,
其特征在于
所述楔形主体(12)和所述锚栓(10)为一体的,并且
所述双涂层延伸到所述锚栓(10)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的膨胀锚,
其特征在于
所述双涂层覆盖所述楔形主体(12)和所述锚栓(10)的所有表面。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的膨胀锚,
其特征在于
至少在所述接触区域中,所述双涂层的所述锌薄片和/或铝薄片顶层(62)为未涂布的。
8.一种用于使用根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的膨胀锚的方法,其中
-所述楔形主体(12)相对于所述膨胀套筒(30)向后移动,以使所述膨胀套筒(30)膨胀。
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- 2019-12-16 ES ES19817749T patent/ES2940117T3/es active Active
- 2019-12-16 US US17/423,582 patent/US20220099126A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2019-12-16 EP EP19817749.5A patent/EP3911778B1/en active Active
- 2019-12-16 WO PCT/EP2019/085347 patent/WO2020148049A1/en unknown
- 2019-12-16 CN CN201980081742.2A patent/CN113195778B/zh active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3683329A1 (en) | 2020-07-22 |
EP3911778B1 (en) | 2023-02-15 |
ES2940117T3 (es) | 2023-05-03 |
WO2020148049A1 (en) | 2020-07-23 |
CN113195778B (zh) | 2023-04-21 |
EP3911778A1 (en) | 2021-11-24 |
US20220099126A1 (en) | 2022-03-31 |
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