CN113188605A - Physical experiment method based on smart phone - Google Patents

Physical experiment method based on smart phone Download PDF

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CN113188605A
CN113188605A CN202110514116.7A CN202110514116A CN113188605A CN 113188605 A CN113188605 A CN 113188605A CN 202110514116 A CN202110514116 A CN 202110514116A CN 113188605 A CN113188605 A CN 113188605A
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CN113188605B (en
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史新伟
杨潇
王儒颖
郑清波
郭玮
贺亚星
常顺强
侯晓强
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Zhengzhou University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a physical experiment method based on a smart phone, which can effectively solve the physical experiment problem based on the smart phone.A server sends data received from smart phones A1, A2 and a singlechip to a smart phone B, the smart phone B distinguishes different sensors through data identification, generates a sensor list, carries out mathematical transformation on the data in the sensors, and sets one or more sensors to zero according to the experiment test requirement; selecting two sensors from the sensor list as an x axis and a y axis in a plane rectangular coordinate system, performing data pairing again to form a new data pair, and drawing the new data pair in the plane rectangular coordinate system; and giving an experiment module so as to realize the physical experiment based on the smart phone. The invention is very convenient and quick to use, can effectively realize the physical experiment based on the smart phone, has simple equipment, saves the cost and is easy to operate.

Description

Physical experiment method based on smart phone
Technical Field
The invention relates to physical experiments, in particular to a physical experiment method (platform) based on a smart phone.
Background
Physical experiments are important means for exploring natural laws, but the traditional physical experiments have the defects of large required instrument space, complex instrument operation, incapability of automatically processing data, large reading error and the like. At present, the smart phone is provided with various sensors, including an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a magnetometer, a light sensor and the like, the sensors can measure physical quantities such as acceleration, speed, angle, magnetic field intensity, light intensity and the like, and the smart phone is internally provided with a strong processor and has the functions of collecting data and processing data, so that the smart phone has important significance in developing a physical experiment based on the smart phone.
The development of smartphone-based physical experiments requires the simultaneous presence of software and hardware. However, currently, mainstream physical experiment software is not uniform, taking the currently widely used phyphox as an example, although the software can display data acquired by a built-in sensor of a mobile phone in real time, the software cannot communicate in real time, cannot process the data, and cannot be externally connected with a sensor, for example, in a magneto-optical rotation experiment, light intensity and angle need to be measured at different positions respectively, if the mobile phone cannot communicate in real time and cannot process the data, the experiment cannot be performed, so that the physical experiment development based on the existing software of the smart phone is greatly limited. Therefore, how to use the smart phone to perform the physical experiment is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above situation, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a physical experiment method (platform) based on a smart phone, which can effectively solve the physical experiment problem based on the smart phone.
The invention solves the technical scheme that a physical experiment method based on a smart phone comprises the following steps:
(1) constructing experimental equipment:
the experimental device comprises a laser, a polarizer, a polarization analyzer, a first smart phone A1, a second smart phone A2, a third smart phone B, a server, a single chip microcomputer and a sensor. The laser, the polarizer, the polarization analyzer and the first smart phone A1 are sequentially arranged on the optical bench, the polarization analyzer and the second smart phone A2 are fixed together, when the second smart phone A2 rotates, the polarization analyzer is driven to rotate, the single chip microcomputer is connected with the sensor, and the server is respectively connected with the first smart phone A1, the second smart phone A2, the third smart phone B and the single chip microcomputer through a network;
(2) experiment preparation and data acquisition and identification:
firstly, the server sends server clock data to the smart phone A1 and the smart phone A2, and the smart phones A1 and A2 carry out time correction, so that clocks of the smart phones A1 and A2 and the server clock are kept synchronous;
respectively generating an internal sensor list by the smart phones A1 and A2, selecting one or more sensors from the internal sensor list by a user, simultaneously acquiring sensor data and clock data by the smart phones after confirmation, and pairing the sensor data and the clock data acquired at the same time;
identifying and sending the paired data to a server by the smart phones A1 and A2 respectively;
fourthly, the server sends the server clock data to the single chip microcomputer, and the single chip microcomputer performs time correction;
the single chip acquires sensor data and clock data, pairs and identifies the sensor data and the clock data acquired at the same moment, and sends the sensor data and the clock data to a server;
(3) data processing:
the server sends the data received from the smart phones A1 and A2 and the single chip microcomputer to the smart phone B, the smart phone B distinguishes different sensors through the data identification in the step (2), generates a sensor list, and names the sensors in the sensor list independently through the third smart phone B;
(4) mathematical transformation:
the smart phone B performs mathematical transformation on data in the sensors, data obtained from a certain sensor is represented by a variable x, and the mathematical transformation is sinx, cosx and x2Or (cosx)2……；
(5) Setting zero:
zeroing one or more sensors as needed for experimental testing;
(6) drawing an image:
selecting two sensors from a sensor list, marking as a sensor 1 and a sensor 2, and taking data in the sensor 1 and the sensor 2 as an x axis and a y axis in a plane rectangular coordinate system respectively; re-pairing data in the sensor 1 and the sensor 2 according to a certain rule to form a new data pair (xi, yj), wherein i, j is 1,2,3 … …, and drawing the new data pair in a plane rectangular coordinate system;
the "certain rule" is: the paired data pair (xi, yj) needs to satisfy the minimum one of all possible pairs of the | ti-Tj |;
(7) given the experimental module:
the experiment module comprises a Malus law experiment module, a liquid optical rotation experiment module, a hysteresis optical rotation experiment module, a single-slit diffraction experiment module and a double-slit interference experiment module, so that a physical experiment based on the smart phone is realized.
The invention is a physical experiment method (platform) with software and hardware, the software can use a plurality of sensors of different mobile phones to collect data and process the data, the hardware can be externally connected with the sensors, thereby greatly widening the field of physical experiments based on the smart phone, and the experiments which can be carried out by the invention include but are not limited to: verifying a Malus law experiment, a liquid optical rotation experiment and a hysteresis optical rotation experiment; the smart phone A1 and the smart phone A2 … … An can call respective built-in sensors and send sensor data to a server; the sensors 1 to m are connected to the single chip microcomputer through data transmission lines, and the single chip microcomputer can send data of the sensors 1 to m to the server; the server is responsible for transmitting and distributing data, can send the received sensor data to the mobile phone B, and can carry out time calibration on the mobile phones A1-An and the single chip microcomputer; the third smart phone B is responsible for processing data, is very convenient and quick to use, can effectively realize a physical experiment based on the smart phone, has simple equipment, saves cost, is easy to operate, is beneficial to popularization and application of the physical experiment, and has good economic and social benefits.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the experimental setup of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a message passing diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention refers to the accompanying drawings.
In specific implementation, the invention provides a physical experiment method based on a smart phone, which comprises the following steps:
(1) constructing experimental equipment:
the experimental device comprises a laser, a polarizer, a polarization analyzer, a first smart phone A1, a second smart phone A2, a third smart phone B, a server, a single chip microcomputer and a sensor, wherein the laser, the polarizer, the polarization analyzer and the first smart phone A1 are sequentially arranged on an optical bench, the polarization analyzer and the second smart phone A2 are fixed together, the second smart phone A2 drives the polarization analyzer to rotate when rotating, the single chip microcomputer is connected with the sensor, and the server is respectively connected with the first smart phone A1, the second smart phone A2, the third smart phone B and the single chip microcomputer through a network; the smart phone is internally provided with various sensors, including an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a magnetometer and a light sensor, wherein the sensors can measure physical quantities such as acceleration, speed, angle, magnetic field intensity and light intensity (the first smart phone A1 and the second smart phone A2 can be provided with n sensors according to requirements, and n is a natural integer); the singlechip is a program controller or an 8051 singlechip;
(2) experiment preparation and data acquisition and identification:
firstly, the server sends server clock data to the smart phone A1 and the smart phone A2, and the smart phones A1 and A2 carry out time correction, so that clocks of the smart phones A1 and A2 and the server clock are kept synchronous;
respectively generating an internal sensor list by the smart phones A1 and A2, selecting one or more sensors from the internal sensor list by a user, simultaneously acquiring sensor data and clock data by the smart phones after confirmation, and pairing the sensor data and the clock data acquired at the same time;
identifying and sending the paired data to a server by the smart phones A1 and A2 respectively;
fourthly, the server sends the server clock data to the single chip microcomputer, and the single chip microcomputer performs time correction;
the single chip acquires sensor data and clock data, and matches the sensor data and the clock data acquired at the same moment;
sixthly, the single chip microcomputer identifies the paired data and sends the paired data to a server;
seventhly, the data identifiers of the third step and the sixth step are divided into two types, namely an identifier type 1 and an identifier type 2, wherein the identifier type 1 is from the same mobile phone or the same single chip microcomputer, the identifier type 2 is from the same sensor, and the data source is confirmed through the identifier type 1 and the identifier type 2;
(3) data processing:
the server sends the data received from the smart phones A1 and A2 and the single chip microcomputer to the smart phone B, the smart phone B distinguishes different sensors through the data identification in the step (2), and the data with the same identification 1 come from the same mobile phone or the single chip microcomputer; for data with the same identifier 2 from the same sensor, the smart phone B generates and displays a sensor list, and the sensors in the sensor list are named autonomously through a third smart phone B;
(4) mathematical transformation:
the smartphone B performs mathematical transformation on data in the sensor, and if data obtained from a certain sensor is represented by, for example, variable x and transformation is represented by f, B ═ f (x) is used as data after mathematical transformation, and after clicking a "transformation confirmation" button, a new set of numbers is added to the sensor listAccording to the formula, the data is B ═ f (x), and the new data is named autonomously through the smart phone B, and the mathematical transformation includes but is not limited to sinx, cosx, x2Or (cosx)2……；
(5) Setting zero:
selecting a certain sensor data from a sensor list in the smart phone B, using a variable x to represent, clicking a 'zero setting' button, recording the sensor data recorded when the 'zero setting' button is clicked as x0 by the smart phone B, and then calculating by the smart phone B: x 1-x 0 with x1 as new data instead of x, zeroing one or more sensors as needed for experimental testing;
(6) drawing an image:
selecting two sensors from a sensor list, marking as a sensor 1 and a sensor 2, respectively taking data in the sensor 1 and the sensor 2 as an x axis and a y axis in a plane rectangular coordinate system, and drawing an image, wherein the specific implementation method of drawing the image comprises the following steps: data pairs of x-axis are (x1, T1), (x2, T2) … … (xn, tn), data pairs of y-axis are (y1, T1), (y2, T2) … … (ym, Tm), where x and y are data obtained from the sensor in (2) above, and T are time points at which x data and y data are acquired, respectively; for each data pair (xi, ti), i is 1,2,3 … …, the smartphone B can find a unique data pair (yj, Tj) according to a certain rule, and combine a new data pair (xi, yj), where the "certain rule" is: the paired data pairs (xi, yj) need to satisfy the minimum one of all possible pairings | ti-Tj |, and finally, all new data pairs (xi, yj), i, j ═ 1,2,3 … … are drawn in a planar rectangular coordinate system;
(9) given the experimental module:
combining the functions in (1) - (8) to form a given experiment module for a specific experiment, wherein the given experiment module has the advantage of simplifying the experiment process and steps; the experimental module include malus law experiment module, liquid rotation experiment module, hysteresis rotation experiment module, single slit diffraction experiment module and double slit interference experiment module, wherein:
A. malus law experiment module: the functions of the device are as follows: angles collected in angle sensorMultiplying the degree Z by the K times to obtain a new angle Z1, taking the data of the light sensor as a Y axis and the new angle Z1 as an x axis, and drawing an image light intensity-angle image; the square of the cosine of the angle sensor data (i.e., cos) with the ray sensor data as the Y-axis2Z1) is the X axis, and the light intensity-cos is plotted2A Z1 image; zeroing the light intensity sensor data; zeroing the angle sensor data; for the intensity of light plotted in the experiment-cos2Carrying out proportional fitting on the Z1 image, displaying the fitting function expression in a screen, drawing a fitting image, and calculating a fitting correlation coefficient;
B. liquid optical rotation experimental module: multiplying an angle Z acquired from an angle sensor by K times to obtain a new angle Z1, and drawing a light intensity-angle image by taking the data of the light sensor as a Y axis and Z1 as an x axis; a zero setting function, which sets the angle data at a certain moment to zero; taking a minimum function, screening out a point with minimum light intensity in the image, and taking an angle coordinate of the point as a liquid optical rotation angle; and (3) calculating the optical rotation rate, and after the solution concentration and the length of the liquid container are input, automatically calculating the optical rotation rate of the liquid by the mobile phone B, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003061396010000051
calculating the solution concentration, inputting the optical rotation rate of the liquid and the length of the liquid container, and automatically calculating the solution concentration by the mobile phone B, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003061396010000052
C. magnetic hysteresis optical rotation experimental module: multiplying an angle Z acquired from an angle sensor by K times to obtain a new angle Z1, and drawing a light intensity-angle image by taking the data of the light sensor as a Y axis and Z1 as an x axis; a zero setting function, which sets the angle data at a certain moment to zero; taking a minimum function, screening out a point with minimum light intensity in the image, and taking an angle coordinate of the point as a magnetic field optical rotation angle; and (3) calculating a Verdet constant, and after the magnetic induction intensity and the length of the liquid container are input, automatically calculating the Verdet constant by the mobile phone B, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003061396010000055
D. single slit diffraction experiment module: multiplying an angle Z acquired from an angle sensor by K times to obtain position data l; drawing a light intensity-position image by taking the data of the light sensor as a Y axis and the position data l as an x axis; the function of setting the light intensity and the position to zero is to set the light intensity and the position at a certain moment to zero respectively; and (3) taking minimum value points, namely taking all the minimum value points in the image, and labeling the minimum value points according to the size of the abscissa of the minimum value points, wherein the labeling is according to the following steps: for the minimum value point with the position coordinate larger than zero, the minimum value point with the position coordinate smaller than zero is sequentially marked as 1,2,3 … … from small to large, the minimum value point with the position coordinate smaller than zero is sequentially marked as-1, -2, -3 … … from large to small, the wavelength function is calculated, the distance between the input slit and the light intensity sensor and the slit width are input, the wavelength is automatically calculated by the mobile phone B, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003061396010000053
wherein: x is the number ofiThe position of the minimum point denoted by i, niA label for a minimum value point; the slit width calculating function is realized, the mobile phone B automatically calculates the slit width after inputting the distance and the wavelength between the slit and the light intensity sensor, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003061396010000054
wherein: x is the number ofiThe position of the minimum point denoted by i, niA label for a minimum value point;
E. double slit interference experiment module: the functions of the device are as follows: multiplying an angle Z acquired from an angle sensor by K times to be used as position data l, drawing a light intensity-position image by using light ray sensor data as a Y axis and position data as an x axis; the function of setting the light intensity and the position to zero is to set the light intensity and the position at a certain moment to zero respectively; taking all maximum points in the image, marking the maximum points according to the size of the abscissa of the maximum points, wherein the marking is based on: for the maximum value point with the position coordinate larger than zero, the marks are 1,2 and 3 … … according to the sequence from small to large of the position coordinate, and for the maximum value point with the position coordinate smaller than zero, the marks are-1, -2 and-3 … … according to the sequence from large to small of the position coordinate; the function of calculating the wavelength is that the mobile phone B automatically calculates the wavelength after inputting the distance between the slit and the light intensity sensor and the distance between the centers of the double slits, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003061396010000061
wherein: x is the number ofiIs the position of the maximum point marked i, niA label for a maximum value point;
the function of calculating the center distance of the double slits is realized, the distance between the slits and the light intensity sensor and the wavelength are input, and then the center distance of the double slits is automatically calculated by the mobile phone B, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003061396010000062
wherein: x is the number ofiIs the position of the maximum point marked i, niAre reference numerals;
therefore, physical experiments based on the smart phone are realized.
The invention relates to a physical experiment method (platform) based on a smart phone, which has the physical experiment functions of software and hardware, wherein the software can be used for acquiring data of a plurality of sensors of a plurality of mobile phones and processing the data, the hardware can be externally connected with the sensors, the field of physical experiments based on the smart phone is greatly widened, and experiments which can be carried out by the invention include but are not limited to: the Malus law experiment, the liquid optical rotation experiment and the magnetic hysteresis optical rotation experiment are verified, the application is wide, the cost is low, and the effect is good through practical application.
The specific implementation example is as follows:
example 1 was carried out: verification of Malus law experiment
The laser, the polarizer, the analyzer and the smart phone A1 are sequentially fixed on the optical bench, the smart phone A2 is fixed with the analyzer, and the analyzer can be driven to rotate when the smart phone A2 rotates. Connecting the smart phones A1, A2 and the smart phone B with the server, and respectively carrying out time calibration on the smart phone A1 and the smart phone A2 with the server. The smart phone B selects a verification Malus law experiment module, receives data of an angle sensor and a light intensity sensor, selects the data of the light intensity sensor as a Y axis and the data of the angle sensor as an X axis, and inputs a K value; rotating the smart phone A2 to drive the analyzer to rotate, changing the light intensity detected by the smart phone B, finding the position with the maximum light intensity, and clicking the 'zero setting angle'; continuing to rotate the smart phone A2, finding the position with the minimum light intensity, and clicking 'zero setting light intensity'; click "drawing", rotate smart mobile phone A2, when turned angle reaches 90 degrees, stop rotating, click "end", later, cell-phone B draws light intensity-angle image, light intensity-angle cosine square image and fitting image automatically to the correlation coefficient of automatic calculation fitting, fitting function expression and the correlation coefficient of fitting show in cell-phone B screen, and concrete experimental result is as follows:
the angle sensor returns data as follows: 120.30000305175787, the intensity of the current light is 70.0, (cos Z value) squared: 0.2545481695960858, fitting function-the function of the sum of light intensities and (cos Z value) squared is: the light intensity L is 252.37431025156462Z, and the correlation coefficient R is 0.9998340877039222.
Example 2 was carried out: liquid optical rotation experiment
The laser, the polarizer, the liquid tube, the analyzer and the smart phone A1 are sequentially fixed on the optical bench, the smart phone A2 is fixed with the analyzer, and the analyzer can be driven to rotate when the smart phone A2 rotates. Connecting the smart phones A1, A2 and the smart phone B with the server, and respectively carrying out time calibration on the smart phone A1 and the smart phone A2 with the server. The smart phone B selects a liquid optical rotation experiment module, receives data of an angle sensor and a light intensity sensor, selects the data of the light intensity sensor as a Y axis and the data of the angle sensor as an X axis, and inputs a K value; the smartphone A2 is rotated, the light intensity detected by the smartphone A1 changes, the position with the minimum light intensity is found, and the 'zero light intensity' and the 'zero angle' are clicked. Take off the liquid pipe from the optical bench, smart mobile phone B detects the light intensity and changes this moment, click "drawing", rotate smart mobile phone A2, when rotating about 20 degrees (liquid optical rotation angle is generally less than 20 degrees), stop rotating, click "end", cell phone B draws light intensity-angle image automatically, click "dazzle light angle", cell phone B calculates the optical rotation angle automatically, click "calculate wavelength" and "liquid concentration" respectively, and input relevant parameter, cell phone B will calculate wavelength and solution concentration automatically, specific experimental result is as follows:
value returned by the light sensor: the current light intensity is 487.0;
the value returned by the direction sensor: (K0.005319 times): 11.867270765624998, the angle of rotation is: 5.479816640627999 degrees, the solution concentration is: 0.004122450120020737 g/mL.
Example 3 of implementation: magneto-optical rotation experiment
The laser, the polarizer, the electromagnetic coil with the optical rotation medium, the analyzer and the smart phone A1 are sequentially fixed on the optical bench, the smart phone A2 is fixed with the analyzer, and the analyzer can be driven to rotate when the smart phone A2 rotates. Connecting the smart phones A1, A2 and the smart phone B with the server, and respectively carrying out time calibration on the smart phone A1 and the smart phone A2 with the server. The smart phone B selects a 'magneto-optical rotation experiment' module, receives data of an angle sensor and a light intensity sensor, selects the data of the light intensity sensor as a Y axis and the data of the angle sensor as an X axis, and inputs a K value; switching on a power supply of an electromagnetic coil, wherein the electromagnetic coil generates a magnetic field; the smartphone A2 is rotated, the light intensity detected by the smartphone A1 changes, the position with the minimum light intensity is found, and the 'zero light intensity' and the 'zero angle' are clicked. Turning off the electromagnetic coil power supply, at the moment, detecting that the light intensity of the smart phone A1 changes, clicking 'drawing', rotating the smart phone A2, stopping rotating when the smart phone A rotates about 20 degrees (the magnetic hysteresis rotation experiment rotation angle is generally less than 20 degrees), clicking 'end', automatically drawing a light intensity-angle image by the cell phone B, clicking 'rotation angle', automatically calculating the rotation angle by the cell phone B, clicking 'Verdet constant', inputting relevant parameters, automatically calculating the Verdet constant by the cell phone B, and obtaining the following specific experiment result:
the value returned by the light sensor, the current light intensity is: 1724.0, respectively;
value returned by the direction sensor (K0.005319 times): 21.26369140624998, angle of rotation 18.437897932834623 degrees, Verdet constant: 80.8344702523538m ^ (-1) T ^ (-1).
In summary, the invention can realize the simultaneous acquisition of data of a plurality of sensors of different mobile phones, and can realize the external connection of an external sensor to the smart phone, thereby expanding the field of physical experiments of the smart phone; in addition, the invention can realize the automatic acquisition of experimental data, thus simplifying experimental operation; because the smart phone is popularized in life and almost reaches one part of human hands, the invention uses the smart phone commonly used by people to carry out physical experiments, greatly simplifies experimental devices, saves experimental cost, can save the experimental cost by more than 50%, is convenient and flexible to use, has wide application range, has the highest experimental precision of 99.99%, is very favorable for taking the physical experiments out of classrooms and into the life of common people, can be used for verifying Malus law experiments, liquid optical rotation experiments and magneto optical rotation experiments, and can also be widely used for measuring the physical quantities such as acceleration, speed, angle, magnetic field intensity, light intensity and the like, and the following steps are combined: compared with the traditional method, the method has the advantages of real-time sharing of mobile phone experiment data, external sensors of the mobile phone, simplification of experiment operation, simplification of experiment devices, experiment cost saving and popularization of physical experiments, is a great innovation in the physical experiments, and has good economic and social benefits.

Claims (9)

1. A physical experiment method based on a smart phone is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) constructing experimental equipment:
the experimental device comprises a laser, a polarizer, a polarization analyzer, a first smart phone A1, a second smart phone A2, a third smart phone B, a server, a single chip microcomputer and a sensor. The laser, the polarizer, the analyzer and the first smart phone A1 are sequentially arranged on the optical bench, the analyzer is fixed with the second smart phone A2, the second smart phone A2 drives the analyzer to rotate, the single chip microcomputer is connected with the sensor, the server is respectively connected with the first smart phone A1, the second smart phone A2, the third smart phone B and the single chip microcomputer through a network,
(2) experiment preparation and data acquisition and identification:
firstly, the server sends server clock data to the smart phone A1 and the smart phone A2, and the smart phones A1 and A2 carry out time correction, so that clocks of the smart phones A1 and A2 and the server clock are kept synchronous;
respectively generating an internal sensor list by the smart phones A1 and A2, selecting one or more sensors from the internal sensor list by a user, simultaneously acquiring sensor data and clock data by the smart phones after confirmation, and pairing the sensor data and the clock data acquired at the same time;
identifying and sending the paired data to a server by the smart phones A1 and A2 respectively;
fourthly, the server sends the server clock data to the single chip microcomputer, and the single chip microcomputer performs time correction;
the single chip acquires sensor data and clock data, pairs and identifies the sensor data and the clock data acquired at the same moment, and sends the sensor data and the clock data to a server;
(3) data processing:
the server sends the data received from the smart phones A1 and A2 and the single chip microcomputer to the smart phone B, the smart phone B distinguishes different sensors through the data identification in the step (2), generates a sensor list, and names the sensors in the sensor list independently through the third smart phone B;
(4) mathematical transformation:
the smartphone B performs mathematical transformation on data in the sensors, and if data obtained from a certain sensor is represented by a variable x, the mathematical transformation is sinx, cosx, or,x2Or (cosx)2……；
(5) Setting zero:
zeroing one or more sensors as needed for experimental testing;
(6) drawing an image:
selecting two sensors from a sensor list, marking as a sensor 1 and a sensor 2, and taking data in the sensor 1 and the sensor 2 as an x axis and a y axis in a plane rectangular coordinate system respectively; re-pairing data in the sensor 1 and the sensor 2 according to the fact that a paired data pair (xi, yj) needs to meet a minimum rule of all possible pairings of | ti-Tj | to form a new data pair (xi, yj), wherein i, j is 1,2,3 … …, and the new data pair is drawn in a plane rectangular coordinate system;
(7) given the experimental module:
the experiment module comprises a Malus law experiment module, a liquid optical rotation experiment module, a hysteresis optical rotation experiment module, a single-slit diffraction experiment module and a double-slit interference experiment module, so that a physical experiment based on the smart phone is realized.
2. The smartphone-based physical experiment method of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) constructing experimental equipment:
the experimental device comprises a laser, a polarizer, a polarization analyzer, a first smart phone A1, a second smart phone A2, a third smart phone B, a server, a single chip microcomputer and a sensor. The laser, the polarizer, the polarization analyzer and the first smart phone A1 are sequentially arranged on the optical bench, the polarization analyzer and the second smart phone A2 are fixed together, when the second smart phone A2 rotates, the polarization analyzer is driven to rotate, the single chip microcomputer is connected with the sensor, and the server is respectively connected with the first smart phone A1, the second smart phone A2, the third smart phone B and the single chip microcomputer through a network; the smart phone is internally provided with a plurality of sensors, including an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a magnetometer and a light sensor, wherein the sensors can measure physical quantities such as acceleration, speed, angle, magnetic field intensity and light intensity, the first smart phone A1 and the second smart phone A2 are provided with n sensors according to requirements, and n is a natural integer;
(2) experiment preparation and data acquisition and identification:
firstly, the server sends server clock data to the smart phone A1 and the smart phone A2, and the smart phones A1 and A2 carry out time correction, so that clocks of the smart phones A1 and A2 and the server clock are kept synchronous;
respectively generating an internal sensor list by the smart phones A1 and A2, selecting one or more sensors from the internal sensor list by a user, simultaneously acquiring sensor data and clock data by the smart phones after confirmation, and pairing the sensor data and the clock data acquired at the same time;
identifying and sending the paired data to a server by the smart phones A1 and A2 respectively;
fourthly, the server sends the server clock data to the single chip microcomputer, and the single chip microcomputer performs time correction;
the single chip acquires sensor data and clock data, and matches the sensor data and the clock data acquired at the same moment;
sixthly, the single chip microcomputer identifies the paired data and sends the paired data to a server;
seventhly, the data identifiers of the third step and the sixth step are divided into two types, namely an identifier type 1 and an identifier type 2, wherein the identifier type 1 is from the same mobile phone or the same single chip microcomputer, the identifier type 2 is from the same sensor, and the data source is confirmed through the identifier type 1 and the identifier type 2;
(3) data processing:
the server sends the data received from the smart phones A1 and A2 and the single chip microcomputer to the smart phone B, the smart phone B distinguishes different sensors through the data identification in the step (2), and the data with the same identification 1 come from the same mobile phone or the single chip microcomputer; for data with the same identifier 2 from the same sensor, the smart phone B generates and displays a sensor list, and the sensors in the sensor list are named autonomously through a third smart phone B;
(4) mathematical transformation:
the smart phone B performs mathematical transformation on the data in the sensors and obtains the data from a certain sensorThe obtained data is represented by a variable x, the transformation is represented by f, B ═ f (x) is taken as data after mathematical transformation, a group of data is newly added to the sensor list after clicking a 'transformation confirmation' button, the data is B ═ f (x), and the newly added data can be named autonomously through the smart phone B, and the mathematical transformation is carried out and comprises but is not limited to sinx, cosx and x2Or (cosx)2……；
(5) Setting zero:
selecting a certain sensor data from a sensor list in the smart phone B, using a variable x to represent, clicking a 'zero setting' button, recording the sensor data recorded when the 'zero setting' button is clicked as x0 by the smart phone B, and then calculating by the smart phone B: x 1-x 0 with x1 as new data instead of x, zeroing one or more sensors as needed for experimental testing;
(6) drawing an image:
selecting two sensors from a sensor list, marking as a sensor 1 and a sensor 2, respectively taking data in the sensor 1 and the sensor 2 as an x axis and a y axis in a plane rectangular coordinate system, and drawing an image, wherein the specific implementation method of drawing the image comprises the following steps: data pairs of x-axis are (x1, T1), (x2, T2) … … (xn, tn), data pairs of y-axis are (y1, T1), (y2, T2) … … (ym, Tm), where x and y are data obtained from the sensor in (2) above, and T are time points at which x data and y data are acquired, respectively; for each data pair (xi, ti), i is 1,2,3 … …, the smartphone B can find a unique data pair (yj, Tj) according to a certain rule, and combine a new data pair (xi, yj), where the "certain rule" is: the paired data pairs (xi, yj) need to satisfy the minimum one of all possible pairings | ti-Tj |, and finally, all new data pairs (xi, yj), i, j ═ 1,2,3 … … are drawn in a planar rectangular coordinate system;
(7) given the experimental module:
combining the functions in the steps (1) to (6) to form a given experiment module for a specific experiment, wherein the given experiment module has the advantage of simplifying the experiment process and steps; the experiment module comprises a Malus law experiment module, a liquid optical rotation experiment module, a hysteresis optical rotation experiment module, a single-slit diffraction experiment module and a double-slit interference experiment module, so that a physical experiment based on the smart phone is realized.
3. The physical experiment method based on the smart phone as claimed in claim 1, wherein the single chip microcomputer is a program controller or an 8051 single chip microcomputer.
4. The smartphone-based physical experiment method of claim 1, wherein the physical experiment is verification of Malus law, liquid optical rotation, hysterical optical rotation, single slit diffraction and double slit interference.
5. The smartphone-based physical experiment method of claim 1, wherein the malus law experiment module: the functions of the device are as follows: multiplying the angle Z acquired from the angle sensor by K times to obtain a new angle Z1, and drawing an image light intensity-angle image by taking the data of the light sensor as a Y axis and the new angle Z1 as an x axis; the square of the cosine of the angle sensor data (i.e., cos) with the ray sensor data as the Y-axis2Z1) is the X axis, and the light intensity-cos is plotted2A Z1 image; zeroing the light intensity sensor data; zeroing the angle sensor data; for the intensity of light plotted in the experiment-cos2Carrying out proportional fitting on the Z1 image, displaying the fitting function expression in a screen, drawing a fitting image, and calculating a fitting correlation coefficient;
6. the smartphone-based physical experiment method of claim 1, wherein the liquid optical rotation experiment module: the functions of the device are as follows: multiplying the angle Z acquired from the angle sensor by K times to obtain a new angle Z1, and drawing a light intensity-angle image by taking the data of the light sensor as a Y axis and Z1 as an x axis; a zero setting function, which sets the angle data at a certain moment to zero; taking a minimum function, screening out a point with minimum light intensity in the image, and taking an angle coordinate of the point as a liquid optical rotation angle; and (3) calculating the optical rotation rate, and after the solution concentration and the length of the liquid container are input, automatically calculating the optical rotation rate of the liquid by the mobile phone B, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0003061395000000041
calculating the solution concentration, inputting the optical rotation rate of the liquid and the length of the liquid container, and automatically calculating the solution concentration by the mobile phone B, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0003061395000000042
7. the physical experiment method based on the smart phone as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hysteresis rotation experiment module: multiplying an angle Z acquired from an angle sensor by K times to obtain a new angle Z1, and drawing a light intensity-angle image by taking the data of the light sensor as a Y axis and Z1 as an x axis; a zero setting function, which sets the angle data at a certain moment to zero; taking a minimum function, screening out a point with minimum light intensity in the image, and taking an angle coordinate of the point as a magnetic field optical rotation angle; and (3) calculating a Verdet constant, and after the magnetic induction intensity and the length of the liquid container are input, automatically calculating the Verdet constant by the mobile phone B, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0003061395000000043
8. the smartphone-based physical experiment method of claim 1, wherein the single slit diffraction experiment module: multiplying an angle Z acquired from an angle sensor by K times to obtain position data l; drawing a light intensity-position image by taking the data of the light sensor as a Y axis and the position data l as an x axis; the function of setting the light intensity and the position to zero is to set the light intensity and the position at a certain moment to zero respectively; and (3) taking minimum value points, namely taking all the minimum value points in the image, and labeling the minimum value points according to the size of the abscissa of the minimum value points, wherein the labeling is according to the following steps: for the minimum value point with the position coordinate larger than zero, the minimum value point with the position coordinate smaller than zero is sequentially marked as 1,2,3 … … from small to large, the minimum value point with the position coordinate smaller than zero is sequentially marked as-1, -2, -3 … … from large to small, the wavelength function is calculated, the distance between the input slit and the light intensity sensor and the slit width are input, the wavelength is automatically calculated by the mobile phone B, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0003061395000000044
wherein: x is the number ofiThe position of the minimum point denoted by i, niA label for a minimum value point; the slit width calculating function is realized, the mobile phone B automatically calculates the slit width after inputting the distance and the wavelength between the slit and the light intensity sensor, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0003061395000000051
wherein: x is the number ofiThe position of the minimum point denoted by i, niA label for a minimum value point;
9. the smartphone-based physical experiment method of claim 1, wherein the double-slit interference experiment module: the functions of the device are as follows: multiplying an angle Z acquired from an angle sensor by K times to be used as position data l, drawing a light intensity-position image by using light ray sensor data as a Y axis and position data as an x axis; the function of setting the light intensity and the position to zero is to set the light intensity and the position at a certain moment to zero respectively; taking all maximum points in the image, marking the maximum points according to the size of the abscissa of the maximum points, wherein the marking is based on: for the maximum value point with the position coordinate larger than zero, the marks are 1,2 and 3 … … according to the sequence from small to large of the position coordinate, and for the maximum value point with the position coordinate smaller than zero, the marks are-1, -2 and-3 … … according to the sequence from large to small of the position coordinate; the function of calculating the wavelength is that the mobile phone B automatically calculates the wavelength after inputting the distance between the slit and the light intensity sensor and the distance between the centers of the double slits, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0003061395000000052
wherein: x is the number ofiIs the position of the maximum point marked i, niA label for a maximum value point;
the function of calculating the center distance of the double slits is realized, the distance between the slits and the light intensity sensor and the wavelength are input, and then the center distance of the double slits is automatically calculated by the mobile phone B, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0003061395000000053
wherein: x is the number ofiIs the position of the maximum point marked i, niAre labeled.
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