CN113186559B - Preparation method of amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst - Google Patents
Preparation method of amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of an amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst, which comprises the following steps: 1. dissolving ruthenium trichloride hydrate in small molecular alcohol to obtain ruthenium trichloride solution; 2. dissolving tantalum pentachloride powder in small molecular alcohol to obtain tantalum pentachloride solution, adding ruthenium trichloride solution, and stirring to obtain mixed solution; 3. carrying out liquid phase reduction on the mixed solution to obtain a compound; 4. and annealing the compound to obtain the amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst. According to the invention, tantalum pentachloride and ruthenium trichloride are used as precursors, small molecular alcohol is used as a reaction solvent and a reducing agent, and through one-step liquid phase reduction and annealing treatment, tantalum pentoxide and ruthenium crystals are symbiotic and uniformly distributed and converted into amorphous crystals, so that the catalytic active sites in an amorphous state are reserved, the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity is enhanced, meanwhile, tantalum pentoxide with excellent chemical stability is used as a matrix, and the application range of the electrocatalyst is widened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrocatalyst material preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst.
Background
Hydrogen, an ideal clean energy source, has been recognized as the most promising alternative to conventional fossil fuels in the future due to its ultra-high energy storage density. The hydrogen evolution reaction of electrochemically decomposing water is the most environmentally friendly way to produce high purity hydrogen. The hydrogen evolution reaction in the acidic system consumes a large amount of protons present in the solution, whereas the hydrogen evolution reaction in the basic system must first be carried out by dissociation of water molecules in the Volmer reaction (H 2 O+e - +*→H ads +OH - ) Protons are generated and form adsorbed hydrogen. The adsorbed hydrogen will release hydrogen molecules by a desorption process (Heyrovsky step: H ads +H 2 O+e - →H 2 +OH - +*). However, the high energy barrier during dissociation of the water molecules and hydrogen desorption limits the activity of the overall hydrogen evolution reaction. The slow water dissociation process results in the kinetics of the hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline electrolytes being typically two to three orders of magnitude lower than in acidic electrolytes. Thus, promoting dissociation of water molecules is critical and challenging to enhance the activity of alkaline hydrogen evolution reactions.
Currently, platinum-based materials have proven to be the most efficient and stable electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reactions. However, the high price and scarcity of resources limit their large-scale application. Therefore, there is a need to design and develop low cost, widely available hydrogen evolution electrocatalysts.
Ruthenium has potential hydrogen evolution activity comparable to platinum as the least expensive platinum group metal because ruthenium-hydrogen (Ru-H) bonds are close in strength to platinum-hydrogen bonds (Pt-H) (about 65 kcal/mol). Theoretical and experimental results prove that the dissociation energy barrier of water molecules on the surface of the ruthenium is lower, and the dissociation energy barrier is due to strong interaction between oxygen atoms in the water molecules and ruthenium atoms, so that the ruthenium is taken as a catalyst component, the alkaline hydrogen evolution activity can be obviously enhanced, and the cost is reduced. However, ruthenium has a relatively strong hydrogen binding energy, which increases the difficulty of the Tafel reaction step. To maximize the enhancement of ruthenium hydrogen evolution activity, approaching that of platinum even better, can be achieved by a number of strategies such as material design, substrate selection, and electronic structure tuning. It has been reported that the surface of ruthenium acts as an electron donor substrate during hydrogen bonding. Furthermore, surface defect engineering has been found to be effective in inducing electron transfer from the bulk phase of ruthenium to the surface. Thus, selecting an appropriate defect-rich substrate to act as an electron acceptor will effectively promote electron transfer from ruthenium to the substrate. This process will effectively weaken the binding of hydrogen to the ruthenium surface, thereby enhancing hydrogen evolution activity. Among the transition metal oxides, tantalum pentoxide (Ta 2 O 5 ) Is an important semiconductor material having excellent conductivity, thermal stability and chemical stability. Thus, it can be used as a suitable substrate in alkaline and acidic systems.
The majority of ruthenium-based hydrogen evolution electrocatalysts reported so far are crystalline ruthenium (elemental or compound) supported on graphitic carbon or crystalline transition metal substrates. However, amorphous ruthenium supported on an amorphous substrate for hydrogen evolution reactions has been rarely reported. Recently, the short-range atomic ordered amorphous electrocatalyst has the characteristics of structural variability, rich defects and the like, so that the catalyst is possibly used for electrocatalytically decomposing water to generate hydrogen. As a gentle and efficient strategy, amorphization provides short-range order and atomic defects of the catalyst material to increase the active sites. Amorphous catalysts have many advantages over crystalline catalysts, such as structural variability on an atomic scale, chemical homogeneity, defect enrichment, etc. Thus, structurally and chemically disordered amorphous catalysts may be globally active, while the corresponding crystalline catalysts are only surface active. In addition, structural variability promotes in situ conversion of the original inactive phase to the active phase during electrocatalytic processes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a preparation method of an amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst aiming at the defects of the prior art. According to the method, tantalum pentachloride and ruthenium trichloride are used as precursors, small molecular alcohol is used as a reaction solvent and a reducing agent, and through one-step liquid phase reduction combined annealing treatment, tantalum pentoxide and ruthenium crystals are symbiotic and uniformly distributed and converted into amorphous crystals, so that the amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst is obtained, the catalytic active sites in an amorphous state are effectively reserved, electrons are promoted to transfer from ruthenium to a tantalum pentoxide matrix, and the combination of hydrogen on the surface of ruthenium is weakened, so that the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity is enhanced.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for preparing an amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst, comprising the steps of:
completely dissolving ruthenium trichloride hydrate in small molecular alcohol to obtain ruthenium trichloride solution;
completely dissolving tantalum pentachloride powder in small molecular alcohol to obtain tantalum pentachloride solution, and then adding the ruthenium trichloride solution obtained in the first step into the tantalum pentachloride solution and uniformly stirring to obtain mixed solution; the small molecular alcohol is the same as the small molecular alcohol in the first step;
step three, placing the mixed solution obtained in the step two in a reaction kettle, then moving the mixed solution into an oven for liquid phase reduction, then centrifugally collecting sediment, and sequentially cleaning and drying the sediment to obtain a compound;
and fourthly, annealing the compound obtained in the third step in air atmosphere to obtain the amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst.
According to the invention, tantalum pentachloride and ruthenium trichloride are used as precursors, small molecular alcohol is used as a reaction solvent and a reducing agent, hydrothermal synthesis is carried out through one-step liquid phase reduction, so that tantalum pentoxide and ruthenium crystals are symbiotic rather than simply physically combined, ruthenium crystals are uniformly distributed on a tantalum pentoxide matrix to obtain a compound, annealing treatment is carried out in an air atmosphere, and the growth of amorphous crystals is promoted, so that the amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst is obtained. Because the amorphous ruthenium crystal and the tantalum pentoxide are combined in the amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst in a symbiotic way, and the catalytic active sites in an amorphous state are reserved, electrons are effectively promoted to be transferred from ruthenium to a tantalum pentoxide matrix in the electrocatalytic process, and the combination of hydrogen on the surface of ruthenium is weakened, so that the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity is enhanced.
The preparation method of the amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst is characterized in that in the first step, the small molecular alcohol is anhydrous alcohol, the ratio of the mass of ruthenium trichloride hydrate to the volume of the anhydrous alcohol is 1:100, wherein the mass unit is g, and the volume unit is mL. The preferred formulation ratio ensures complete dissolution of the ruthenium trichloride hydrate and Ru in the ruthenium trichloride solution 3+ Is convenient for the dilution of the amount in the subsequent process.
The preparation method of the amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst is characterized in that the small molecular alcohol in the second step is anhydrous alcohol, the ratio of the mass of tantalum pentachloride powder to the volume of the anhydrous alcohol is 1:20, wherein the mass unit is g, and the volume unit is mL. The preferable preparation ratio ensures the sufficient dissolution of tantalum pentachloride powder, effectively controls the vapor pressure of small molecular alcohol in the subsequent liquid phase reduction, and ensures the safety of the liquid phase reduction.
The optimized small molecular alcohol, namely absolute ethyl alcohol, is used as a solvent of the ruthenium trichloride solution and the tantalum pentachloride solution, and the solvent is used as a reaction solvent and a reducing agent in liquid phase reduction, so that the mixing uniformity of the ruthenium trichloride solution and the tantalum pentachloride solution is ensured, tantalum pentachloride and ruthenium trichloride are respectively converted into tantalum pentoxide and ruthenium crystal, and the distribution uniformity of the ruthenium crystal on a tantalum pentoxide substrate is improved.
The preparation method of the amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst is characterized in that the mass ratio of tantalum pentachloride in the tantalum pentachloride solution to ruthenium trichloride in the ruthenium trichloride solution in the second step is 1:0.04. The preferable mass ratio ensures that tantalum pentachloride and ruthenium trichloride are fully contacted and reduced to form symbiosis in the liquid phase reduction process, so that the loading amount of ruthenium in the amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst reaches the optimal proportion, and the amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst has optimal electrocatalytic activity.
The preparation method of the amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst is characterized in that the inner container of the reaction kettle in the third step is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, the liquid phase reduction temperature is 200 ℃, and the time is 24 hours; the sediment is sequentially washed for three times by adopting absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water; the drying adopts a vacuum drying oven, and the drying temperature is 60 ℃. The optimized inner container material polytetrafluoroethylene has the advantages of high temperature resistance, acid resistance, alkali resistance and the like, and ensures the smooth performance of liquid phase reduction; the temperature and time of the preferred liquid phase reduction ensure Ru 3+ Is fully reduced.
The preparation method of the amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst is characterized in that the heating rate of the annealing treatment in the fourth step is 5 ℃/min, the temperature is 400-800 ℃, and the time is 2-4 h. The heating rate, temperature and time of the preferential annealing treatment ensure that part of ruthenium in the compound is oxidized to a high valence state slowly, and is not converted into crystalline tantalum pentoxide and ruthenium dioxide, so that the catalytic active sites in an amorphous state are effectively reserved, and the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity is further enhanced.
The preparation method of the amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst is characterized in that in the fourth step, the tantalum pentoxide and the ruthenium in the amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst are both in amorphous structures, and the mass content of the ruthenium is 2.16%. The mass content of the preferred ruthenium is the optimal load, and the optimal electrocatalytic activity of the amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst is effectively ensured.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, tantalum pentachloride and ruthenium trichloride are used as precursors, small molecular alcohol is used as a reaction solvent and a reducing agent, and through one-step liquid phase reduction combined annealing treatment, tantalum pentoxide and ruthenium crystals are symbiotic and uniformly distributed and converted into amorphous crystals, so that the amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst is obtained, the catalytic active sites in an amorphous state are effectively reserved, electrons are promoted to transfer from ruthenium to a tantalum pentoxide matrix, and the combination of hydrogen on the surface of ruthenium is weakened, thereby enhancing the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity.
2. The invention uses tantalum pentoxide with excellent chemical stability as a matrix, and the prepared electrocatalyst can be used in acidic, alkaline and neutral systems, thereby widening the application range of the electrocatalyst.
3. The preparation method provided by the invention is simple, the process flow time is short, the reaction conditions are easy to control, and a complex post-treatment process is not needed, so that a scientific basis is provided for preparing the amorphous electrocatalyst material.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1a is a scanning electron micrograph (10000X) of an amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst prepared according to example 1 of the invention.
FIG. 1b is a scanning electron micrograph (100000X) of an amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst prepared according to example 1 of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a transmission electron microscopic image of an amorphous tantalum pentoxide-supported ruthenium electrocatalyst prepared in example 1 of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a high resolution transmission electron microscopy image of an amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst prepared according to example 1 of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscope image of an amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst prepared according to example 1 of the invention.
FIG. 5a is a graph showing the Ta element in an amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst prepared according to example 1 of the invention.
FIG. 5b is a graph showing the O element distribution in an amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst prepared according to example 1 of the invention.
FIG. 5c is a diagram showing the elemental Ru profile of an amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst prepared according to example 1 of the invention.
FIG. 5d is a graph showing the elemental distribution of an amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst prepared according to example 1 of the invention.
FIG. 6 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of an amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst prepared according to example 1 of the invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, 1.0g of ruthenium trichloride hydrate (RuCl) 3 ·xH 2 O) is completely dissolved in 100.0mL of absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain ruthenium trichloride solution;
step two, 1.0g tantalum pentachloride (TaCl) 5 ) Completely dissolving the powder in 20.0mL of absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain tantalum pentachloride solution, then adding 4.0mL of ruthenium trichloride solution obtained in the step one into the tantalum pentachloride solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain mixed solution;
placing the mixed solution obtained in the step two into a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle liner, then transferring the reaction kettle into an oven, performing liquid phase reduction for 24 hours at the temperature of 200 ℃, performing centrifugal collection and precipitation, sequentially cleaning the precipitation with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water for three times, and placing the precipitate into a vacuum drying oven to be dried at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain a compound;
and fourthly, placing the compound obtained in the third step in a tube furnace, and heating to 400 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min in an air atmosphere for annealing treatment for 2 hours to obtain the amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst.
According to detection, the amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst prepared in the embodiment has an amorphous structure of both tantalum pentoxide and ruthenium, and the mass content of ruthenium is 2.16%.
FIG. 1a is a scanning electron micrograph (10000X) of an amorphous tantalum pentoxide-supported ruthenium electrocatalyst prepared according to this example, where it can be seen from FIG. 1a that ruthenium crystal nanorods having a length of about 150nm are attached to a large irregular particle tantalum pentoxide matrix composed of small particles having a size of about 10nm, illustrating simultaneous nucleation growth of ruthenium and tantalum pentoxide in the amorphous tantalum pentoxide-supported ruthenium electrocatalyst.
Fig. 1b is a scanning electron microscope (100000×) of an amorphous tantalum pentoxide-supported ruthenium electrocatalyst prepared in this example, and it can be seen from fig. 1b that ruthenium crystal nanorods are attached to both the surface and the inside of the gaps of the large particles in the tantalum pentoxide matrix, indicating that the ruthenium crystal nanorods are grown simultaneously on the surface and the inside of the tantalum pentoxide matrix, rather than simply physically bonding.
Fig. 2 is a transmission electron microscope image of the amorphous tantalum pentoxide-supported ruthenium electrocatalyst prepared in this example, and fig. 3 is a high resolution transmission electron microscope image of the amorphous tantalum pentoxide-supported ruthenium electrocatalyst prepared in this example, and no clear lattice fringes can be observed from fig. 2 and 3, which indicates that the crystallinity of tantalum pentoxide and ruthenium in the amorphous tantalum pentoxide-supported ruthenium electrocatalyst is poor, and the amorphous structure is formed.
Fig. 4 is a high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscope image of the amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst prepared in this example, and it can be seen from fig. 4 and fig. 2 that the amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst has a complete crystal structure.
Fig. 5a is a graph showing Ta element distribution in the amorphous tantalum pentoxide-supported ruthenium electrocatalyst prepared in this example, fig. 5b is a graph showing O element distribution in the amorphous tantalum pentoxide-supported ruthenium electrocatalyst prepared in this example, fig. 5c is a graph showing Ru element distribution in the amorphous tantalum pentoxide-supported ruthenium electrocatalyst prepared in this example, and fig. 5d is a graph showing elements distribution in the amorphous tantalum pentoxide-supported ruthenium electrocatalyst prepared in this example, as can be seen from fig. 5a to 5d, the composition of the amorphous tantalum pentoxide-supported ruthenium electrocatalyst is Ta element, O element and Ru element, and the elements are uniformly distributed in the tantalum pentoxide-supported ruthenium electrocatalyst.
FIG. 6 is an X-ray diffraction chart of the amorphous tantalum pentoxide-supported ruthenium electrocatalyst prepared in example 1 of the invention, and only a broad diffraction peak can be observed from FIG. 6, indicating that the amorphous tantalum pentoxide-supported ruthenium electrocatalyst has a poor crystallinity and is an amorphous structure.
Example 2
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, 1.0g of ruthenium trichloride hydrate (RuCl) 3 ·xH 2 O) is completely dissolved in 100.0mL of absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain ruthenium trichloride solution;
step two, 1.0g tantalum pentachloride (TaCl) 5 ) Completely dissolving the powder in 20.0mL of absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain tantalum pentachloride solution, then adding 4.0mL of ruthenium trichloride solution obtained in the step one into the tantalum pentachloride solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain mixed solution;
placing the mixed solution obtained in the step two into a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle liner, then transferring the reaction kettle into an oven, performing liquid phase reduction for 24 hours at the temperature of 200 ℃, performing centrifugal collection and precipitation, sequentially cleaning the precipitation with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water for three times, and placing the precipitate into a vacuum drying oven to be dried at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain a compound;
and fourthly, placing the compound obtained in the third step in a tube furnace, and heating to 600 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min in an air atmosphere for annealing treatment for 3 hours to obtain the amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst.
According to detection, ruthenium and tantalum pentoxide in the amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst prepared in the embodiment are simultaneously nucleated and grown, and have an amorphous crystal structure.
Example 3
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, 1.0g of ruthenium trichloride hydrate (RuCl) 3 ·xH 2 O) is completely dissolved in 100.0mL of absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain ruthenium trichloride solution;
step two, 1.0g tantalum pentachloride (TaCl) 5 ) Completely dissolving the powder in 20.0mL of absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain tantalum pentachloride solution, then adding 4.0mL of ruthenium trichloride solution obtained in the step one into the tantalum pentachloride solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain mixed solution;
placing the mixed solution obtained in the step two into a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle liner, then transferring the reaction kettle into an oven, performing liquid phase reduction for 24 hours at the temperature of 200 ℃, performing centrifugal collection and precipitation, sequentially cleaning the precipitation with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water for three times, and placing the precipitate into a vacuum drying oven to be dried at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain a compound;
and fourthly, placing the compound obtained in the third step in a tube furnace, and heating to 800 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min in an air atmosphere for annealing treatment for 2 hours to obtain the amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst.
According to detection, ruthenium and tantalum pentoxide in the amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst prepared in the embodiment are simultaneously nucleated and grown, and have an amorphous crystal structure.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any simple modification, variation and equivalent variation of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for preparing an amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst, comprising the steps of:
completely dissolving ruthenium trichloride hydrate in small molecular alcohol to obtain ruthenium trichloride solution;
completely dissolving tantalum pentachloride powder in small molecular alcohol to obtain tantalum pentachloride solution, and then adding the ruthenium trichloride solution obtained in the first step into the tantalum pentachloride solution and uniformly stirring to obtain mixed solution; the small molecular alcohol is the same as the small molecular alcohol in the first step;
step three, placing the mixed solution obtained in the step two in a reaction kettle, then moving the mixed solution into an oven for liquid phase reduction, then centrifugally collecting sediment, and sequentially cleaning and drying the sediment to obtain a compound;
and fourthly, annealing the compound obtained in the third step in air atmosphere to obtain the amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst.
2. The method for preparing an amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst according to claim 1, wherein in the step one, the small molecule alcohol is anhydrous alcohol, and the ratio of the mass of the ruthenium trichloride hydrate to the volume of the anhydrous alcohol is 1:100, wherein the mass is in g and the volume is in mL.
3. The method for preparing an amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the small molecule alcohol is anhydrous alcohol, and a volume ratio of the mass of the tantalum pentachloride powder to the anhydrous alcohol is 1:20, wherein the mass is in g and the volume is in mL.
4. The method for preparing an amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst according to claim 1, wherein a mass ratio of tantalum pentachloride in the tantalum pentachloride solution to ruthenium trichloride in the ruthenium trichloride solution in the second step is 1:0.04.
5. The method for preparing the amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the inner liner of the reaction kettle is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, the temperature of the liquid phase reduction is 200 ℃, and the time is 24 hours; the sediment is sequentially washed for three times by adopting absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water; the drying adopts a vacuum drying oven, and the drying temperature is 60 ℃.
6. The method for preparing an amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst according to claim 1, wherein the annealing treatment in the fourth step has a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, a temperature of 400 ℃ to 800 ℃ and a time of 2h to 4h.
7. The method for preparing an amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst according to claim 1, wherein in the step four, the tantalum pentoxide and ruthenium in the amorphous tantalum pentoxide supported ruthenium electrocatalyst are both in an amorphous structure, and the mass content of ruthenium is 2.16%.
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| CN110813350A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-02-21 | 江苏大学 | Carbon-based composite electrocatalyst and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN110961162A (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-04-07 | 北京化工大学 | Catalyst carrier, precious metal catalyst, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111068717A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-04-28 | 西北大学 | Ruthenium simple substance modified sulfur-doped graphene two-dimensional material and preparation and application thereof |
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| WO2015187100A1 (en) * | 2014-06-05 | 2015-12-10 | Agency For Science, Technology And Research | Electrocatalyst for hydrogen production |
| CN109536986A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-03-29 | 浙江工业大学 | A kind of tantalum class compound elctro-catalyst and its preparation method and application based on oxidation platinum alloy |
| CN109594101A (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-04-09 | 上海大学 | A kind of method for preparing catalyst of porous carbon load ruthenium |
| CN110813350A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-02-21 | 江苏大学 | Carbon-based composite electrocatalyst and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN110961162A (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-04-07 | 北京化工大学 | Catalyst carrier, precious metal catalyst, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111068717A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-04-28 | 西北大学 | Ruthenium simple substance modified sulfur-doped graphene two-dimensional material and preparation and application thereof |
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