CN113186449B - 一种耐用不锈钢锅的制备方法 - Google Patents
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000013077 target material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 34
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 19
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003670 easy-to-clean Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010794 food waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
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- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/001—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Ni
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- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
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Abstract
本发明涉及不锈钢锅制造领域，尤其涉及一种耐用不锈钢锅的制备方法，采用碳0.08~0.12%、锰1~1.5%、硅0.1~0.3%、铋0.3~0.6%、镍2~4%、镧0.01~0.03%、钨0.1~0.3%、铁锻造成不锈钢，用氧化锆、氮化硼、碳化硅、碳化硼、氮化钛在不锈钢表面形成陶瓷层，再经磷酸钙和二氧化硅封孔处理得到。本发明制作的不锈钢锅适应性好，耐磨性优异，坚实耐用，经济价值突出。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及不锈钢锅制造领域，尤其涉及一种耐用不锈钢锅的制备方法。
背景技术
现在技术的发展，不锈钢锅具已经普及千家万户，作为日常生活中的常用工具，无论是厨房煮饭炒菜、卫生间物品盛放，不锈钢锅都显示出重要的作用。而且，随着人们生活水平的日益提高，更加重视食品安全，饮食健康。不锈钢锅由于易清洗、耐磨耐用，能最大限度的减少食物残留，降低清洗难度，受到人们越来越多的喜爱。现有技术中的不锈钢锅表面使用陶瓷工艺已经极为常见，但是由于锅体本身强度不够，实际使用中即使陶瓷层性能优异也难以发挥，而且陶瓷涂覆在不锈钢表面时由于工艺所限，在微观尺度会造成一定数量的凹陷和空隙，对于实际使用中的耐用性带来较大影响。如专利号为CN201710406788.X的一种含陶瓷耐磨涂层不粘锅具及其生产工艺，通过熔炼、浇筑热处理等工序将锅体制出，再将陶瓷涂料配置成浆料涂覆在锅体表面，最后经辐照和强化处理等步骤制得成品，其制作中未针对涂层做进一步的处理，导致锅体本身耐用性和抗氧化性并没有做到最佳；又如专利号为CN202010506814.8的一种不锈钢表面抗菌型仿陶瓷涂层及其制备方法，采用有机硅改性树脂、二氧化钛和活性炭制成，其直接使用材料混合胶结，整体上并没有有效使用金属的延展性，导致锅体主体结构机械适应性不好，耐用性价差。所以，研究一种锅主体强、耐磨性好的不锈钢锅具极有必要。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术中的不足，提供了一种耐用不锈钢锅的制备方法，以提高不锈钢锅的耐磨性和强度，使得不锈钢锅更为耐用。具体技术方案为：
一种耐用不锈钢锅的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）按照以下重量百分比选取原料：碳0.08~0.12%、锰1~1.5%、硅0.1~0.3%、铋0.3~0.6%、镍2~4%、镧0.01~0.03%、钨0.1~0.3%、余量为铁；将原料冶炼成钢水，制成钢板；将钢板锻造后冶炼成钢水，经模具定型后再次锻造成不锈钢；
（2）将钢板在780~830℃下退火处理，放入熔炼炉中加热至1100~1200℃，让温度持续1~2h，将温度降低至800~850℃，将钢板轧制到厚度5-7mm，冲压成型得到不锈钢锅初品；
（3）将不锈钢锅初品表面打磨，加热至200~300℃，降温至45~50℃，将不锈钢锅初品放入稀酸溶液中，用微波处理10~20s，再将不锈钢锅放入纯水中冲洗1~2min，沥干水分，真空干燥备用；
（4）将不锈钢锅初品放入真空室中，将真空室抽至真空度1~1.5×10~4Pa，以陶瓷材料作为靶材，在电场作用下，用氩气轰击靶材，使得靶材沉积在不锈钢表面形成陶瓷层；所述靶材由以下质量份的原料组成：氧化锆1~3份、氮化硼4~6份、碳化硅1~3份、碳化硼5~6份、氮化钛0.5~1份；所述靶材细度为30~50nm；
（5）将不锈钢锅浸没到磷酸二氢钠溶液中，在40~45℃下浸泡1~3min，将不锈钢锅取出，放置到反应器内，将反应器抽至压强0.1~0.3个标准大气压；用超声波雾化器将氯化钙溶液雾化，注入反应器中，喷涂在不锈钢锅表面，注入氮气，使得反应器内压强增加至4~5个标准大气压，将反应器内空气湿度调节至75~80%，加热至80~90℃，调节反应器内空气流速为50~60cm/s，保温20~30min；然后将不锈钢锅置于纯净水中清洗2~3次；
（6）将上一步骤处理过的不锈钢锅放入硅酸钠溶液中，将温度降低至3~6℃，浸泡10~15min，取出不锈钢锅，放入反应器中，在反应器中充入二氧化碳，使得反应器中压强为2~3个标准大气压，静置30~40min；
（7）将上一步骤处理过的不锈钢锅放置到加热器中，抽至压强1~3Pa，加热至400~500℃，保温3~5h；降温后用水冲洗3~5次即可。
进一步的，步骤（3）中，所述稀酸溶液为质量分数0.05-0.08%的盐酸溶液。
进一步的，步骤（3）中，所述微波功率为400~500W。
进一步的，步骤（5）中，所述磷酸二氢钠溶液浓度为0.3~0.5mol/L。
进一步的，步骤（5）中，所述氯化钙溶液浓度为0.5~0.8mol/L。
进一步的，步骤（5）中，所述氯化钙溶液的用量为不锈钢锅质量的1/3~1/2。
进一步的，步骤（6）中，所述硅酸钠溶液浓度为0.5~0.8mg/L。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明通过在不锈钢原料中加入镧，利用其原子固溶及形成稀土杂化物的特点，通过镧在冶炼中改善不锈钢的晶界形态，促进钢结构中晶体之间的衔接，形成有序排列；抑制碳化物沿晶界析出和聚集成型，防止碳化物之间形成应力分散结构，达到强化钢结构晶体和降低晶体断裂的目的。使得宏观上不锈钢的性能得到显著的提升，可以有效提高不锈钢的抗拉效果，使得制备出来的不锈钢锅适应性更好，更耐用，即使表面陶瓷损坏，锅的主体依然能有效使用。
本发明通过在酸溶液清洗不锈钢锅时使用微波处理，利用微波的高频率特点加速液体分子与锅体之间的碰撞，有效提高酸液对锅体的处理。而且，由于镧在锅体中与不同金属形成差异化的晶体结构缺陷，导致电导率存在差异，使得锅体不同位置之间对于微波的吸收不同，带来不同位置之间的温度不同，和酸溶液反应速率不同，形成局部的完全腐蚀和不完全腐蚀，进而强化锅体表面形成凹凸不平的粗糙面，使得陶瓷与不锈钢之间拥有更多的结合点，提高不锈钢与陶瓷的结合效果。
本发明通过使用氮化硼，利用其导热性好硬度高的特点，保证制作出来的不锈钢的炊具使用效果，可以快速高效加热食物，同时防止使用中剐蹭带来的机械损伤，有效提高陶瓷层的耐磨性，而且较好的硬度使得陶瓷层与不锈钢粗糙表面形成坚固的咬合结构，显著提高陶瓷层与不锈钢之间的结合效果。可以与氮化钛形成良好的协同效果，提高不锈钢锅对环境侵蚀的抗性，显著提高不锈钢锅的耐用效果，使得不锈钢与陶瓷形成更好的整体性。
本发明通过将不锈钢锅浸润到磷酸二氢钠溶液中，通过雾化氯化钙溶液的均匀喷涂，形成不锈钢锅表面的磷酸钙沉积封堵陶瓷空隙；通过反应器内合适的湿度控制，利用不锈钢锅具表面的微水流运动促进磷酸二氢钠和氯化钙结合产生磷酸钙。有效封堵陶瓷表面的空隙，降低粗糙度，使得微观尺度上相对平整，降低外界物体与陶瓷的摩擦，显著提高耐磨性。
本发明通过锈钢锅放入硅酸钠溶液，与反应器中高压下的二氧化碳反应，形成局部的硅酸或二氧化硅，利用二氧化碳的均匀分散使得硅酸或二氧化硅进一步填充陶瓷间隙，优化磷酸钙沉积的不能兼顾的位置。然后浸没硅酸钠溶液，让陶瓷层充分吸收硅酸钠，并在封闭环境中注入二氧化碳，高压下迫使部分硅酸钠和二氧化碳浸入陶瓷层孔隙中生成硅酸，经步骤（7）的加热，使得硅酸分解形成二氧化硅。在冲洗作用下，表面沉积的二氧化硅凝结度差被冲洗除去，陶瓷孔隙中形成的二氧化硅凝结度好不会被冲洗除去，可以最大程度的降低陶瓷粗糙面，提高耐磨性。使用本发明方法制作的不锈钢锅耐磨性低于0.15%，抗拉强度高于903.63Rm/Mpa，陶瓷层与不锈钢之间的结合强度高于79.67MPa，耐用性好。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种耐用不锈钢锅的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）按照以下重量百分比选取原料：碳0.08%、锰1%、硅0.1%、铋0.3%、镍2%、镧0.01%、钨0.1%、余量为铁；将原料冶炼成钢水，制成钢板；将钢板锻造后冶炼成钢水，经模具定型后再次锻造成不锈钢；
（2）将钢板在780℃下退火处理，放入熔炼炉中加热至1100℃，让温度持续1h，将温度降低至800℃，将钢板轧制到厚度5mm，冲压成型得到不锈钢锅初品；
（3）将不锈钢锅初品表面打磨，加热至200℃，降温至45℃，将不锈钢锅初品放入稀酸溶液中，用微波处理10s，再将不锈钢锅放入纯水中冲洗1min，沥干水分，真空干燥备用；所述稀酸溶液为质量分数0.05%的盐酸溶液；所述微波功率为400W；
（4）将不锈钢锅初品放入真空室中，将真空室抽至真空度1.5×10~4Pa，以陶瓷材料作为靶材，在电场作用下，用氩气轰击靶材，使得靶材沉积在不锈钢表面形成陶瓷层；所述靶材由以下质量份的原料组成：氧化锆1份、氮化硼4份、碳化硅1份、碳化硼5份、氮化钛0.5份；所述靶材细度为30nm；
（5）将不锈钢锅浸没到磷酸二氢钠溶液中，在40℃下浸泡1min，将不锈钢锅取出，放置到反应器内，将反应器抽至压强0.1个标准大气压；用超声波雾化器将氯化钙溶液雾化，注入反应器中，喷涂在不锈钢锅表面，注入氮气，使得反应器内压强增加至4个标准大气压，将反应器内空气湿度调节至75%，加热至80℃，调节反应器内空气流速为50cm/s，保温20min；然后将不锈钢锅置于纯净水中清洗2次；
所述磷酸二氢钠溶液浓度为0.3mol/L；所述氯化钙溶液浓度为0.5mol/L，所述氯化钙溶液的用量为不锈钢锅质量的1/3；
（6）将上一步骤处理过的不锈钢锅放入硅酸钠溶液中，将温度降低至6℃，浸泡10min，取出不锈钢锅，放入反应器中，在反应器中充入二氧化碳，使得反应器中压强为2个标准大气压，静置30min；所述硅酸钠溶液浓度为0.5mg/L；
（7）将上一步骤处理过的不锈钢锅放置到加热器中，抽至压强1Pa，加热至400℃，保温3h；降温后用水冲洗3次即可。
实施例2
一种耐用不锈钢锅的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）按照以下重量百分比选取原料：碳0.12%、锰1.5%、硅0.3%、铋0.6%、镍4%、镧0.03%、钨0.3%、余量为铁；将原料冶炼成钢水，制成钢板；将钢板锻造后冶炼成钢水，经模具定型后再次锻造成不锈钢；
（2）将钢板在830℃下退火处理，放入熔炼炉中加热至1200℃，让温度持续2h，将温度降低至850℃，将钢板轧制到厚度7mm，冲压成型得到不锈钢锅初品；
（3）将不锈钢锅初品表面打磨，加热至300℃，降温至50℃，将不锈钢锅初品放入稀酸溶液中，用微波处理20s，再将不锈钢锅放入纯水中冲洗2min，沥干水分，真空干燥备用；所述稀酸溶液为质量分数0.08%的盐酸溶液；所述微波功率为500W；
（4）将不锈钢锅初品放入真空室中，将真空室抽至真空度1.5×10~4Pa，以陶瓷材料作为靶材，在电场作用下，用氩气轰击靶材，使得靶材沉积在不锈钢表面形成陶瓷层；所述靶材由以下质量份的原料组成：氧化锆3份、氮化硼6份、碳化硅3份、碳化硼6份、氮化钛1份；所述靶材细度为50nm；
（5）将不锈钢锅浸没到磷酸二氢钠溶液中，在45℃下浸泡3min，将不锈钢锅取出，放置到反应器内，将反应器抽至压强0.3个标准大气压；用超声波雾化器将氯化钙溶液雾化，注入反应器中，喷涂在不锈钢锅表面，注入氮气，使得反应器内压强增加至5个标准大气压，将反应器内空气湿度调节至80%，加热至90℃，调节反应器内空气流速为60cm/s，保温30min；然后将不锈钢锅置于纯净水中清洗3次；
所述磷酸二氢钠溶液浓度为0.5mol/L；所述氯化钙溶液浓度为0.8mol/L，所述氯化钙溶液的用量为不锈钢锅质量的1/2；
（6）将上一步骤处理过的不锈钢锅放入硅酸钠溶液中，将温度降低至6℃，浸泡15min，取出不锈钢锅，放入反应器中，在反应器中充入二氧化碳，使得反应器中压强为3个标准大气压，静置40min；所述硅酸钠溶液浓度为0.8mg/L；
（7）将上一步骤处理过的不锈钢锅放置到加热器中，抽至压强3Pa，加热至500℃，保温5h；降温后用水冲洗5次即可。
实施例3
一种耐用不锈钢锅的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）按照以下重量百分比选取原料：碳0.0812%、锰1.5%、硅0.13%、铋0.36%、镍4%、镧0.013%、钨0.1%、余量为铁；将原料冶炼成钢水，制成钢板；将钢板锻造后冶炼成钢水，经模具定型后再次锻造成不锈钢；
（2）将钢板在830℃下退火处理，放入熔炼炉中加热至1200℃，让温度持续1h，将温度降低至850℃，将钢板轧制到厚度6mm，冲压成型得到不锈钢锅初品；
（3）将不锈钢锅初品表面打磨，加热至300℃，降温至50℃，将不锈钢锅初品放入稀酸溶液中，用微波处理20s，再将不锈钢锅放入纯水中冲洗2min，沥干水分，真空干燥备用；所述稀酸溶液为质量分数0.08%的盐酸溶液；所述微波功率为500W；
（4）将不锈钢锅初品放入真空室中，将真空室抽至真空度1×10~4Pa，以陶瓷材料作为靶材，在电场作用下，用氩气轰击靶材，使得靶材沉积在不锈钢表面形成陶瓷层；所述靶材由以下质量份的原料组成：氧化锆3份、氮化硼4份、碳化硅3份、碳化硼5份、氮化钛1份；所述靶材细度为30nm；
（5）将不锈钢锅浸没到磷酸二氢钠溶液中，在45℃下浸泡1min，将不锈钢锅取出，放置到反应器内，将反应器抽至压强0.3个标准大气压；用超声波雾化器将氯化钙溶液雾化，注入反应器中，喷涂在不锈钢锅表面，注入氮气，使得反应器内压强增加至4个标准大气压，将反应器内空气湿度调节至80%，加热至80℃，调节反应器内空气流速为60cm/s，保温20min；然后将不锈钢锅置于纯净水中清洗3次；
所述磷酸二氢钠溶液浓度为0.5mol/L；所述氯化钙溶液浓度为0.5mol/L，所述氯化钙溶液的用量为不锈钢锅质量的1/3；
（6）将上一步骤处理过的不锈钢锅放入硅酸钠溶液中，将温度降低至6℃，浸泡10min，取出不锈钢锅，放入反应器中，在反应器中充入二氧化碳，使得反应器中压强为3个标准大气压，静置30min；所述硅酸钠溶液浓度为0.8mg/L；
（7）将上一步骤处理过的不锈钢锅放置到加热器中，抽至压强1Pa，加热至500℃，保温3h；降温后用水冲洗5次即可。
为验证本发明效果，设置如下对比例：
| 对比例1 | 与实施例1的区别是步骤（1）的原料中未加入镧； |
| 对比例2 | 与实施例1的区别是步骤（3）中未经微波处理； |
| 对比例3 | 与实施例1的区别是步骤（4）中未加入氮化硼； |
| 对比例4 | 与实施例1的区别是步骤（4）中未加入氮化钛； |
| 对比例5 | 与实施例1的区别是未经步骤（5）处理； |
| 对比例6 | 与实施例1的区别是步骤（5）中湿度调整为95%； |
| 对比例7 | 与实施例1的区别是未经步骤（6）处理； |
| 对比例8 | 与实施例1的区别是步骤（6）中，在反应器中充入二氧化碳，使得反应器中压强为1.5个标准大气压。 |
实验例
分别按照实施例1~3、对比例1~8制作成厚度8mm的不锈钢锅，参照GB/T1768-79检测方法，以涂层失重率来衡量不锈钢锅耐磨性，按照GB T 228.1-2010检测不锈钢锅的抗拉强度，按照ASTM C-633的方法测定陶瓷与不锈钢的结合强度。
结果如下表：
| 耐磨性 | 抗拉强度Rm/Mpa | 结合强度Mpa | |
| 实施例1 | 0.12% | 906.63 | 79.67 |
| 实施例2 | 0.15% | 903.63 | 81.73 |
| 实施例3 | 0.13% | 909.95 | 81.32 |
| 对比例1 | 0.12% | 798.82 | 72.56 |
| 对比例2 | 0.24% | 812.32 | 69.68 |
| 对比例3 | 0.20% | 801.47 | 71.16 |
| 对比例4 | 0.35% | 822.87 | 71.58 |
| 对比例5 | 0.39% | 821.55 | 72.58 |
| 对比例6 | 0.28% | 868.11 | 78.14 |
| 对比例7 | 0.36% | 841.97 | 76.53 |
| 对比例8 | 0.34% | 836.19 | 75.87 |
由表可以看出，本发明不锈钢锅性能极好，显著优于对比例1-8，本发明的方案效果的显著性和工艺原料间的协同作用良好。
Claims (7)
1.一种耐用不锈钢锅的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
（1）按照以下重量百分比选取原料：碳0.08~0.12%、锰1~1.5%、硅0.1~0.3%、铋0.3~0.6%、镍2~4%、镧0.01~0.03%、钨0.1~0.3%、余量为铁；将原料冶炼成钢水，制成钢板；将钢板锻造后冶炼成钢水，经模具定型后再次锻造成不锈钢；
（2）将钢板在780~830℃下退火处理，放入熔炼炉中加热至1100~1200℃，让温度持续1~2h，将温度降低至800~850℃，将钢板轧制到厚度5-7mm，冲压成型得到不锈钢锅初品；
（3）将不锈钢锅初品表面打磨，加热至200~300℃，降温至45~50℃，将不锈钢锅初品放入稀酸溶液中，用微波处理10~20s，再将不锈钢锅放入纯水中冲洗1~2min，沥干水分，真空干燥备用；
（4）将不锈钢锅初品放入真空室中，将真空室抽至真空度（1~1.5）×10-4Pa，以陶瓷材料作为靶材，在电场作用下，用氩气轰击靶材，使得靶材沉积在不锈钢表面形成陶瓷层；所述靶材由以下质量份的原料组成：氧化锆1~3份、氮化硼4~6份、碳化硅1~3份、碳化硼5~6份、氮化钛0.5~1份；所述靶材细度为30~50nm；
（5）将不锈钢锅浸没到磷酸二氢钠溶液中，在40~45℃下浸泡1~3min，将不锈钢锅取出，放置到反应器内，将反应器抽至压强0.1~0.3个标准大气压；用超声波雾化器将氯化钙溶液雾化，注入反应器中，喷涂在不锈钢锅表面，注入氮气，使得反应器内压强增加至4~5个标准大气压，将反应器内空气湿度调节至75~80%，加热至80~90℃，调节反应器内空气流速为50~60cm/s，保温20~30min；然后将不锈钢锅置于纯净水中清洗2~3次；
（6）将上一步骤处理过的不锈钢锅放入硅酸钠溶液中，将温度降低至3~6℃，浸泡10~15min，取出不锈钢锅，放入反应器中，在反应器中充入二氧化碳，使得反应器中压强为2~3个标准大气压，静置30~40min；
（7）将上一步骤处理过的不锈钢锅放置到加热器中，抽至压强1~3Pa，加热至400~500℃，保温3~5h；降温后用水冲洗3~5次即可。
2.如权利要求1所述耐用不锈钢锅的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（3）中，所述稀酸溶液为质量分数0.05-0.08%的盐酸溶液。
3.如权利要求1所述耐用不锈钢锅的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（3）中，所述微波功率为400~500W。
4.如权利要求1所述耐用不锈钢锅的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（5）中，所述磷酸二氢钠溶液浓度为0.3~0.5mol/L。
5.如权利要求1所述耐用不锈钢锅的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（5）中，所述氯化钙溶液浓度为0.5~0.8mol/L。
6.如权利要求1所述耐用不锈钢锅的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（5）中，所述氯化钙溶液的用量为不锈钢锅质量的1/3~1/2。
7.如权利要求1所述耐用不锈钢锅的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（6）中，所述硅酸钠溶液浓度为0.5~0.8mg/L。
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