CN113182385A - Roundness correction device and method for thin-wall cylinder - Google Patents
Roundness correction device and method for thin-wall cylinder Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005483 Hooke's law Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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Abstract
The invention relates to a circle correcting device and a circle correcting method for a thin-wall cylinder, belonging to the field of machining of thin-wall steel cylinders; the clamping device comprises a clamping base, an arc cushion block, a sliding block and a hydraulic control system; the hydraulic control system comprises a control assembly and a plurality of hydraulic cylinders, and the working state of each hydraulic cylinder is controlled by the control assembly; the arc-shaped cushion blocks arranged at the end heads of the hydraulic rods are driven by all the hydraulic cylinders along the radial direction, so that the circle of the thin-wall cylinder is corrected; and the displacement sensor detects and feeds back the displacement, and the hydraulic control system is matched to perform circle correction on the non-equal-diameter thin-wall cylinder, such as a thin-wall cylinder with bulges, an oval shape and a horseshoe shape. The invention improves the automation degree of circle calibration, improves the circle calibration efficiency, saves the working time, effectively ensures the precision of circle calibration of the thin-wall steel cylinder and greatly reduces the labor intensity of operators.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of machining of thin-wall steel cylinders, and particularly relates to a circle correcting device and method for a thin-wall cylinder.
Background
With the development of aerospace industry, large-diameter thin-wall cylinders are more and more widely applied in the manufacturing of engines. However, because of the large-diameter thin-wall cylinder, the stress is not uniform in the spinning process, the annealing heat treatment temperature uniformity after spinning is difficult to control, the diameter of the engine shell is large, the length is long, the problems of bulging, ellipse, horseshoe shape and the like occur on the part of the steel cylinder after heat treatment, and great troubles are brought to the processing of the cylinder, the surface shape of the cylinder is mainly represented as that the section of the cylinder is not circular, the maximum diameter and the minimum diameter on the same section are greatly different, and in the links of hoisting and transporting the cylinder and the like, due to the influence of the dead weight of the cylinder, a single cylinder is easy to generate a certain ovality, the section of the cylinder is not circular, and the wrong edge of the circumferential weld joint of the welding part is easy to cause. In order to ensure the processing precision of the cylinder, and simultaneously ensure the welding quality of the cylinder and the matching parts, and ensure that the welding reliability and strength meet the requirements, the indexes of roundness, circular run-out, straightness and the like are strictly controlled for the trimming processing of the cylinder. In the past, companies have essentially changed the ovality of the cylinders by clamping the cylinders on a horizontal lathe, manually adjusting the spacers by a worker, and repeatedly adjusting and tightening the spacers. The processing method has the advantages that the manipulation is backward, the precision is poor, the processing quality of finished products is irregular according to the skill level of a processing master, the measurement precision error is large, and therefore the automatic cylinder roundness correction device is designed.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows:
in order to avoid the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a circle correcting device and a circle correcting method for a thin-wall cylinder, wherein a plurality of hydraulic cylinders which are uniformly distributed on a clamping base along the circumferential direction are controlled by a hydraulic control system, and arc-shaped cushion blocks which are arranged at the end heads of hydraulic rods are driven by the hydraulic cylinders along the radial direction, so that the circle correction of the thin-wall cylinder is realized; and the displacement sensor detects and feeds back the displacement, and the hydraulic control system is matched to perform circle correction on the non-equal-diameter thin-wall cylinder, such as a thin-wall cylinder with bulges, an oval shape and a horseshoe shape.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a school circle device of thin wall barrel which characterized in that: the clamping device comprises a clamping base, an arc cushion block, a sliding block and a hydraulic control system; the hydraulic control system comprises a control assembly and a plurality of hydraulic cylinders, and the working state of each hydraulic cylinder is controlled by the control assembly;
the clamping base is of a disc structure, a cylindrical boss is arranged at the center of one end of the clamping base and used for clamping and positioning, and the excircle of the cylindrical boss is used as the processing reference of the whole clamping base; a plurality of through holes are formed in the end face of the clamping base along the circumferential direction, and the connecting part between every two adjacent through holes is a radial rib plate uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction to form a radiation rib plate structure; the rib plate is provided with a rectangular groove along the radial direction, and a plurality of threaded holes are formed in the two sides of the groove;
the sliding blocks are of rectangular plate structures, rectangular bosses are arranged on the lower end faces of the sliding blocks along the center axis of the short side and are installed in a matched mode with the grooves of the rib plates, through holes corresponding to threaded holes in the two sides of the groove of the rib plate are formed in the two sides of each rectangular boss, and the sliding blocks are installed on the rib plates of the clamping base in a one-to-one correspondence mode through bolts; the hydraulic cylinders are respectively and correspondingly arranged on the upper end surfaces of the sliding blocks one by one, and hydraulic rods of the hydraulic cylinders face the outside of the clamping base; adjusting the radial positions of each sliding block and the hydraulic cylinder by adjusting the corresponding hole positions of the through holes on the sliding blocks and the threaded holes of the rib plates, and further performing roundness correction on thin-wall cylinders with different diameters;
the arc cushion blocks are consistent with the hydraulic cylinders in number and comprise connecting blocks, inner arc cushion blocks and outer arc cushion blocks, the inner arc cushion blocks and the outer arc cushion blocks are of stacked arc-shaped structures, and the centers of the inner arc surfaces of the inner arc cushion blocks are fixed at the ends of the hydraulic rods through the connecting blocks; the outer layer arc cushion block is fixed on the outer arc surface of the inner layer arc cushion block, and the outer arc surface faces the inner wall surface of the thin-wall cylinder; the centers of the outer arc surfaces of all the arc cushion blocks are positioned in the same circumference; the control assembly drives each hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic rods further push the arc-shaped cushion blocks along the radial direction, and the hydraulic cylinders work cooperatively to realize the roundness correction of the thin-wall cylinder.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the number of the hydraulic cylinders is 18-24.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the control assembly comprises a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic cylinder, a servo valve, a directional control valve, a flow divider valve, a pipeline, a control instrument, a displacement sensor and a PLC control system.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the inner arc cushion block is a steel layer, the outer arc cushion block is a copper layer, the copper layer is made of soft metal, and cylinders with different diameters are clamped through plastic deformation of the copper layer and are subjected to circle correction.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the inner layer arc cushion block and the outer layer arc cushion block are rectangular arc plates with equal radian.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: and a plurality of lightening holes are formed in the part, close to the cylindrical boss, of the end surface of the clamping base along the circumferential direction.
A method for rounding a thin-wall cylinder by a rounding device of the thin-wall cylinder is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: finishing the machining of the clamping base, the arc cushion block and the sliding block according to the drawing requirements;
step two: according to the inner diameter of the thin-wall cylinder body, the sliding blocks and the hydraulic cylinders are fixed on the clamping base in sequence, and the arc cushion blocks are fixed on the hydraulic rods;
step three: when the deformation of the thin-wall cylinder is small and the radiuses of all the parts in the circumferential direction are approximately equal, after the hydraulic cylinders are started, hydraulic rods are driven by hydraulic oil with equal flow in the hydraulic cylinders to extend outwards for the same distance under the action of the flow dividing valve, and the thin-wall steel cylinder is subjected to circle supporting through the arc-shaped cushion blocks;
when the thin-wall cylinder body has local deformation irregularity and local bulges, ellipses and horseshoe shapes, the hydraulic cylinder corresponding to the local deformation irregularity part needs to be independently controlled, the distance between the arc cushion block and the inner wall of the steel cylinder is measured through a displacement sensor fixed on the sliding block, the extending amount of the hydraulic rod is fed back to the control assembly and is compared with the extending distance of the hydraulic rod in a normal area, and the difference value is calculated; according to Hooke's law, at the beginning under the same driving force, the extending distance of the hydraulic cylinder driving hydraulic rod in the bulge, ellipse and horseshoe-shaped area is different from that of other normal areas, the corresponding rigidity of the area is calculated according to the extending distance of the hydraulic rod in the area, and the distance required for reaching an ideal position is calculated, namely the extending distance of the hydraulic cylinder driving hydraulic rod at other parts is calculated; and calculating corresponding driving force, and performing cyclic interpolation simulation by a sequential algorithm, so that the bulge, the oval and the horseshoe-shaped area steel cylinder can be finally corrected to form a circle.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: in the first step, the clamping base is finished by casting or welding; the diameter of the excircle of the cylindrical boss at the center is phi 300-phi 500mm, the roughness of the excircle is less than or equal to Ra3.2, the excircle of the cylindrical boss works as the reference of other dimensions, and the coaxiality of the outer peripheral surface of the clamping base and the middle cylindrical boss is not more than 0.10 mm; the perpendicularity between the slider mounting surface of the clamping base and the axial direction of the cylindrical boss is not more than 0.10mm, and the roughness is Ra3.2; in order to ensure the perpendicularity of the extension rod of the hydraulic cylinder with the axis of the central boss shaft during working, the grooves matched with the sliding block are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, the position degree of the grooves and the axis of the cylindrical boss is not more than 0.10mm, namely the perpendicularity of the groove parts and the axis of the cylindrical boss needs to be ensured, and meanwhile the perpendicularity of all the grooves on the circumference to the axis of the cylindrical boss is ensured; the extension line of the central line of each groove passes through the central shaft, and the error is not more than 0.10 mm; meanwhile, the verticality between the groove and the mounting plane of the sliding block is not more than 0.10 mm; the symmetry degree of the threaded hole and the groove is not more than 0.05 mm.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the accuracy of the sensor reaches +/-0.5 mm.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: in the third step, the calculation of local deformation irregularity of the thin-wall cylinder is carried out:
firstly, setting the extension distances of hydraulic rods of different hydraulic cylinders in a steel cylinder to be x1, x2, x3, … and xn;
X＝(x1+x2+x3+…+xn)/n； (1)
△xi＝(X-xi) (2)
determining the bulge and the pit of the steel cylinder through the positive and negative values of the delta xi; when the delta xi is a positive value, the extending distance of xi is smaller than the average extending distance, and the corresponding position of xi is a pit position; if the delta xi is a negative value, the extension distance of xi is greater than the average extension distance, and the position corresponding to xi is a bulge part;
then, according to hooke's law:
Fi＝kixi＝PA1； (3)
fi is thrust corresponding to the ith hydraulic cylinder;
ki: the stiffness coefficient of an equivalent spring of the ith hydraulic cylinder is set;
a1 effective area of rodless side of piston rod, m2；
A2: effective area of piston rod on rod side, m2；
P is oil supply pressure (working oil pressure) and MPa;
when the circle is corrected, the piston rod of each hydraulic cylinder is assumed to be displaced to Xave, the diameter of an outer circle is measured by the Xave according to a pi ruler, the diameter of the outer circle is subtracted by twice the wall thickness to obtain the diameter of an inner hole of the steel cylinder, the initial diameter of the piston rod of each hydraulic cylinder can be measured by the caliper, and then Xave is obtained, wherein Xave is (the inner diameter of the steel cylinder-the initial diameter of the piston)/2;
when xi is less than or equal to Xave, the driving force when the ideal circle correcting position is reached can be obtained, and the piston rod extends out:
Fsc＝Fi×Xave/xi＝PA1×Xave/xi； (4)
the hydraulic cylinder drives the piston rod working oil pressure at this moment to do: psc＝P×Xave/xi
When xi is more than or equal to Xave, the driving force when the ideal circle correcting position is reached can be obtained, and the piston rod retracts:
Fsh＝Fi×Xave/xi＝PA1×Xave/xi； (5)
the hydraulic cylinder drives the piston rod working oil pressure at this moment to do: psh＝P×A1×Xave/(xi×A2)。
Advantageous effects
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a circle correcting device for a large-diameter thin-wall cylinder, which improves the problems of large measurement error and multiple human factors in the traditional cylinder circle correcting process, improves the automation degree of circle correction, improves the circle correcting efficiency, saves the working time, effectively ensures the circle correcting precision of a thin-wall steel cylinder, and greatly reduces the labor intensity of operators.
The arc cushion is divided into an inner layer and an outer layer, the inner layer is a steel layer, the outer layer is a copper layer, the copper material is softer than the steel material (the friction coefficient is increased relatively, the contact area is increased, and the friction force is increased), the friction force between the arc cushion and the inner wall of the steel cylinder is improved, the arc cushion can be better attached to the inner wall of the steel cylinder, and the good round steel cylinder supporting effect of the arc cushion is guaranteed. Meanwhile, in order to be suitable for the diameters of thin-wall cylinders with different inner diameters, the copper layer on the outer side of the arc cushion block is made of soft metal, and cylinders with different diameters are clamped through the plastic deformation of copper during clamping; the roundness correction of the thin-wall cylinders with different diameters is realized by adjusting the expansion of the fixed slide block of the fixed hydraulic cylinder along the radial position of the clamping base.
The hydraulic control system controls 18-24 hydraulic cylinders to work cooperatively, can move synchronously at the same time, and performs circle correction on thin-wall cylinders with small deformation and nearly equal radiuses at all circumferential positions; the movement of a single-point single hydraulic cylinder can be realized through the matching of the sensor and the control assembly, and the circle of the thin-wall cylinder with local bulges, ellipses and horseshoe shapes and local deformation irregularity is corrected. The hydraulic clamping system replaces manual tightening of the screw to tightly support the round steel cylinder, so that the clamping efficiency and the production efficiency are improved, and meanwhile, the circle correcting precision is guaranteed.
When the steel cylinder is in a regular geometric shape and has no local bulge or ellipse, the hydraulic system can quickly realize the roundness correction of the thin-wall steel cylinder, the roundness correction working speed mode can be adjusted according to the geometric shape condition of the steel cylinder, when the geometric shape is better, the roundness correction working speed mode is adjusted to be a quick mode, and when the geometric shape is poorer, the roundness correction working speed mode is adjusted to be a slow mode, so that the impact on the hydraulic system is reduced, the working time of the roundness correction quick mode is only 5-30 seconds, and the working time of the roundness correction slow mode can be controlled to be about 1-2 minutes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the overall structure of the rounding device of the thin-wall cylinder of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of the rounding device of the thin-walled cylinder of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of a clamping base of the rounding device of the thin-wall cylinder of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of the clamping base of the rounding device of the thin-walled cylinder of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a front view of an arc-shaped cushion block of the roundness correcting device for the thin-wall cylinder of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a slider of the rounding device of the thin-walled cylinder of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a hydraulic control system diagram of the rounding device of the thin-walled cylinder of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the rounding device for the thin-walled cylinder according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic displacement diagram of the circle correcting device for the thin-wall cylinder body for correcting the circle of the irregular steel cylinder.
Description of reference numerals: 1. a steel cylinder; 2. a hydraulic cylinder; 3. an arc-shaped cushion block; 4. clamping a base; 5. a slider; 6. connecting blocks; 7. an inner layer arc cushion block; 8. and an outer-layer arc cushion block.
Detailed Description
The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be considered as limiting the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the circle correcting device for the large-diameter thin-wall cylinder comprises a steel cylinder 1, a hydraulic control system, an arc-shaped cushion block 3, a clamping base 4 and a sliding block 5. The hydraulic control system comprises a control assembly and 18-24 hydraulic cylinders 2, and the working state of each hydraulic cylinder is controlled by the control assembly; the control assembly comprises a hydraulic pump, an electromagnetic valve, a pressure control valve, a flow control valve, a directional control valve, a flow divider valve, a pipeline, a control instrument and a PLC control system.
The clamping base 4 is of a disc structure, a cylindrical boss is arranged in the center of one end of the clamping base and used for tightly holding the clamping base by a three-jaw or four-jaw chuck at the head and the tail of the lathe, and the excircle of the cylindrical boss is used as the processing reference of the whole clamping base 4; a plurality of through holes are formed in the end face of the clamping base 4 along the circumferential direction, and the connecting part between every two adjacent through holes is a radial rib plate uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction to form a radiation rib plate structure; the rib plate is provided with a rectangular groove along the radial direction, and a plurality of threaded holes are formed in the two sides of the groove;
the sliding blocks 5 are of rectangular plate structures, rectangular bosses are arranged on the lower end faces of the sliding blocks along the center axis of the short side and are installed in a matched mode with the grooves of the rib plates, through holes corresponding to threaded holes in the two sides of the groove of the rib plate are formed in the two sides of each rectangular boss, and the sliding blocks are installed on the rib plates of the clamping base in a one-to-one correspondence mode through bolts; the hydraulic cylinders 2 are respectively and correspondingly arranged on the upper end surfaces of the sliding blocks one by one, and hydraulic rods of the hydraulic cylinders face the outside of the clamping base 4; the radial positions of the sliding blocks and the hydraulic cylinder 2 are adjusted by adjusting the corresponding hole positions of the through holes on the sliding blocks and the threaded holes of the rib plates, so that the thin-wall cylinders with different diameters are rounded;
the arc cushion blocks 3 are consistent with the hydraulic cylinders 2 in number and comprise connecting blocks 6, inner arc cushion blocks 7 and outer arc cushion blocks 8, the inner arc cushion blocks 7 and the outer arc cushion blocks 8 are of stacked arc-shaped plate structures, and the centers of the inner arc surfaces of the inner arc cushion blocks 7 are fixed at the ends of the hydraulic rods through the connecting blocks 6; the outer layer arc cushion block 8 is fixed on the outer arc surface of the inner layer arc cushion block 7, and the outer arc surface faces the inner wall surface of the thin-wall cylinder; the centers of the outer arc surfaces of all the arc cushion blocks are positioned in the same circumference; the control assembly drives the hydraulic cylinders 2, the hydraulic rods push the arc-shaped cushion blocks in the radial direction, and the hydraulic cylinders 2 work cooperatively to realize the roundness correction of the thin-wall cylinder.
The steel cylinder 1 is a powerful spinning thin-wall steel cylinder, the diameter of the steel cylinder is phi 1800-phi 2100mm, the length is 4000-7000 mm, and the wall thickness is 6-10 mm. The weight is about 1000Kg to 3500 Kg.
The pneumatic cylinder is 18-24 double-acting single-rod piston pneumatic cylinders of the same model, 18-24 pneumatic cylinders are radial circumference evenly distributed, the pneumatic cylinder is fixedly installed on a sliding block 5 with a bar-shaped boss, the sliding block 5 is installed and fixed on threaded holes of 18-24 bar-shaped grooves corresponding to the clamping base, and the coaxiality and the symmetry of the central boss shaft are guaranteed through the processing of the bar-shaped grooves and the threaded holes. The steel cylinder is fastened and rounded by 18-24 arc cushion blocks 3 which are evenly distributed on the circumference, and the roundness is ensured not to be larger than 0.2 mm. The installation positions of 18-24 sliding blocks can be correspondingly adjusted according to the diameter of the steel cylinder, so that the application range of the circle correcting device can be expanded, namely, the steel cylinders with different diameters can be corrected, and the diameter range of the steel cylinders is phi 1800-phi 2100 mm. The hydraulic cylinder is controlled by a hydraulic system and a control system, and the hydraulic cylinder system comprises a hydraulic pump, the hydraulic cylinder, a servo valve, a direction control valve, a flow divider, a pipeline, a control instrument, a displacement sensor and a PLC control system.
Referring to fig. 3, the clamping base 4 may be made by casting; or welding and then stress relief annealing treatment and then processing. The big terminal surface of clamping base 4 is radiation gusset structure, and clamping base 4 must carry out the excircle processing to the central boss axle part of clamping base, and central boss axle excircle diameter phi 300-phi 500mm, and central boss axle part excircle roughness is less than or equal to Ra3.2, and after the processing to central boss axle part excircle, other use central boss axle excircle as the benchmark, the big excircle of end plate of processing clamping base 4 guarantees that the axiality of big end plate excircle and central boss axle part is not more than 0.10 mm. The clamping base 4 must also process the installation slide block plane, guarantee that the perpendicularity of the installation slide block plane and the axis of the central boss shaft is not more than 0.10mm, and the installation slide block 5 has a plane roughness Ra3.2. In order to ensure that the perpendicularity of the extension rod of the hydraulic cylinder and the axis of the central boss shaft is ensured when the extension rod of the hydraulic cylinder works, the circumference of the groove part of the plane for mounting the sliding block 5 must be uniformly distributed, the position degree of the groove part and the axis of the central boss shaft is not more than 0.10mm, namely the perpendicularity of the groove part and the axis of the central boss shaft is required to be ensured, and the coaxiality of the grooves at 18-24 parts of the circumference to the axis of the central boss shaft is also ensured. The requirement of the radial position of the groove and the requirement of the center of the groove during groove processing are required to be ensured, the extension lines of the central lines of 18-24 grooves are ensured to pass through the axis part of the thin shaft, the error is not more than 0.10mm, and meanwhile, the verticality between the groove part and the installation plane of the sliding block is not more than 0.10 mm. The threaded hole for installing the fixed sliding block is required to be machined in the plane of the installing sliding block 5, the position degree of the threaded hole and the axis of the thin shaft is required to be ensured during machining, and meanwhile, the symmetry degree of the groove of the installing sliding block is required to be not more than 0.05mm during machining of the threaded hole.
The flatness of the large end face of the sliding block of the hydraulic cylinder 2 mounted on the clamping base 4 is not more than 1 mm. Meanwhile, the clamping part of the machine tool is the central boss shaft part of the clamping base 4, the hydraulic cylinder supports the round steel cylinder during working, and in order to ensure that the coaxiality of the steel cylinder and the clamping base 4 is not more than 0.10mm, the position degree of the hydraulic cylinder installation slide block threaded hole and the central boss shaft part of the clamping base must be ensured, namely the coaxiality and the verticality requirements of the installation hydraulic cylinder 2 and the central boss shaft axis of the clamping base are ensured. Therefore, when the hydraulic cylinder works, the requirement on coaxiality of the hydraulic cylinder and the central boss shaft of the clamping base can be met when the hydraulic cylinder rounds the steel cylinder. In order to ensure the stability of the clamping base 4, 6 lightening holes are dug in the large end plate of the clamping base 4, the weight of the clamping base 4 is properly lightened, and the stability of clamping and roundness correction of the steel cylinder is improved.
The hydraulic driving system mainly comprises a hydraulic pump, 18-24 hydraulic cylinders, a servo valve, a direction control valve, a flow dividing valve, a pipeline, a control instrument, a displacement sensor, a PLC (programmable logic controller) control system and the like. After the hydraulic cylinders are started, under the action of the flow dividing valve, 18-24 hydraulic cylinders drive the push rods to extend outwards to support the thin-wall steel cylinder in a circle mode, if the steel cylinder is small in deformation and free of local bulges and the like, the hydraulic cylinders synchronously extend outwards under the action of the flow dividing valve and have equal extension amounts, and therefore the steel cylinder is supported in a circle mode. When the steel cylinder has local deformation irregularity and local bulge ellipse, the hydraulic cylinder at the position is not enough to enable the hydraulic rod to extend out for the same length under the same flow rate, so that the hydraulic cylinder corresponding to the position needs to be controlled independently, the extension amount is fed back to the control system through a sensor and the like, the control system calculates the difference value, drives the hydraulic cylinder at the position to increase the flow rate, drives the hydraulic rod to extend out for the corresponding length, and the steel cylinder is calibrated. The control system synchronously controls 18-24 hydraulic cylinders to synchronously extend out under parallel facilities, a high-precision sensor (plus or minus 0.5mm) measures the accurate position of the load and feeds the accurate position back to the control system, and the automatic stop is carried out when the preset stroke is reached. The 18-24 hydraulic cylinders can move synchronously at the same time or can move singly at a single point.
Setting the extension distances of hydraulic rods of different hydraulic cylinders in the steel cylinder as x1, x2, x3, … and xn;
X＝(x1+x2+x3+…+xn)/n； (1)
△xi＝(X-xi) (2)
determining the bulge and the pit of the steel cylinder through the positive and negative values of the delta xi; when the delta xi is a positive value, the extending distance of xi is smaller than the average extending distance, and the corresponding position of xi is a pit position; if the value of delta xi is negative, the extension distance of xi is larger than the average extension distance, and the position corresponding to xi is the bulge part.
According to hooke's law:
Fi＝kixi＝PA1； (3)
fi is thrust corresponding to the ith hydraulic cylinder;
ki: the stiffness coefficient of an equivalent spring of the ith hydraulic cylinder is set;
a1 effective area of rodless side of piston rod, m2；
A2: effective area of piston rod on rod side, m2；
P is oil supply pressure (working oil pressure) and MPa;
when the circle is corrected, the ideal position is reached from the initial position, the displacement of each hydraulic cylinder piston rod is assumed to be Xave, the diameter of an outer circle can be measured by adopting a pi ruler, the diameter of the outer circle is subtracted by twice the wall thickness to obtain the diameter of an inner hole of the steel cylinder, the initial diameter of the hydraulic cylinder piston rod can be measured by the caliper, and then the Xave is obtained, wherein the Xave is equal to (the inner diameter of the steel cylinder-the initial diameter of the piston)/2;
when xi is less than or equal to Xave, the driving force when the ideal circle correcting position is reached can be obtained, and the piston rod extends out:
Fsc＝Fi×Xave/xi＝PA1×Xave/xi； (4)
the hydraulic cylinder drives the piston rod working oil pressure at this moment to do: psc＝P×Xave/xi
When xi is more than or equal to Xave, the driving force when the ideal circle correcting position is reached can be obtained, and the piston rod retracts:
Fsh＝Fi×Xave/xi＝PA1×Xave/xi； (5)
the hydraulic cylinder drives the piston rod working oil pressure at this moment to do: psh＝P×A1×Xave/(xi×A2)。
The hydraulic cylinder is driven by a hydraulic system, and the pressure and the position of the hydraulic cylinder are controlled by controlling the flow and the pressure of liquid. The hydraulic flow and pressure of the hydraulic cylinder are derived from a hydraulic pump. After the hydraulic cylinder control system is started, the control system receives a command that the hydraulic cylinder clamps the steel cylinder, the hydraulic cylinder works under the action of the electromagnetic directional valve, the overflow valve and the like, the hydraulic rod extends out, the hydraulic cylinder works simultaneously due to the fact that the hydraulic cylinder receives the command, the hydraulic cylinders drive the hydraulic rods to extend out for the same distance under the same driving force, the hydraulic rods drive the arc-shaped cushion blocks to work, the arc-shaped cushion blocks are driven to be close to the steel cylinder, and the steel cylinder is supported and clamped. When the local problems of bulging, ellipse, horseshoe and the like exist in the steel cylinder, 18-24 hydraulic cylinders receive a circle-expanding command at the same time, but because the same driving force is insufficient to drive the bulging, ellipse, horseshoe and other problem areas, at this time, a controller compares the specific extension values of the local areas with different extension amounts returned by a sensor with the extension distances of hydraulic rods in other normal areas, calculates the difference, initially, under the same driving force according to hooke's law, the extension distances of the hydraulic rods driven by the bulging, ellipse and horseshoe areas are different from those of other normal areas, calculates the corresponding rigidity of the area according to the extension distances of the hydraulic rods in the area, calculates the required distance for reaching an ideal position (namely the extension distances of the hydraulic rods driven by the hydraulic cylinders at other positions), thereby calculating the corresponding driving force, and sequentially performs cyclic interpolation simulation by an algorithm, so that the bulge, the oval and the horseshoe-shaped area steel cylinder are finally rounded, see fig. 8. The hydraulic clamping system replaces manual tightening of the screw to tightly support the round steel cylinder, so that clamping efficiency is greatly improved, and production efficiency is improved.
The specific working process is as follows:
after the PLC outputs a signal of clamping a steel cylinder, the three-position four-way electromagnetic directional valve is controlled, oil is conducted in the forward direction, a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder extends out, and the piston cylinder drives the arc-shaped cushion block to extend out. After the hydraulic cylinder reaches the specified position, the sensor sends a 'stretching-out-to-position' signal to the PLC, the PLC closes the output signal, the three-position four-way electromagnetic directional valve returns to the middle position, and the hydraulic cylinder is locked at the stretching-out position. The hydraulic cylinder piston cylinder drives the arc-shaped cushion block to clamp the steel cylinder. And at the moment, the steel cylinder is subjected to roundness detection requirement so as to carry out corresponding trimming processing on the steel cylinder. After the trimming processing of the steel cylinder is finished, the PLC outputs a steel cylinder loosening signal, the three-position four-way electromagnetic directional valve is controlled, oil is conducted reversely, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder retracts, and the piston rod drives the arc-shaped cushion block to retract inwards. After the steel cylinder is withdrawn for a sufficient distance, the sensor sends a retraction in-place signal to the PLC, the three-position four-way electromagnetic directional valve returns to the middle position, the steel cylinder is loosened and unloaded, and the steel cylinder can be disassembled, hoisted and separated from the lathe.
The front clamping base and the rear clamping base are respectively clamped on a lathe head and a tailstock chuck of the horizontal lathe, clamping alignment is carried out by taking the outer circle of the shaft end of the clamping base as a reference during clamping, the outer circle of the shaft end of the clamping base is guaranteed to jump less than 0.05mm, the coaxiality of the front clamping base and the rear clamping base is guaranteed to be less than 0.05mm, and meanwhile, the parallelism of the clamping base, a main shaft of a sleeping car and a guide rail of the sleeping car is guaranteed to be less than 0.05 mm. The front and the rear clamping bases are fastened by a four-jaw chuck and a three-jaw chuck of a bed of a sleeping car lathe respectively, so that the base cannot be loosened in the rotary machining process. The outer circle end of the clamping base clamps the large-diameter thin-wall cylinder, the thin-wall cylinder is tightly supported by the arc-shaped cushion block driven by the hydraulic cylinder on the clamping base, the telescopic distance of the piston rod driven by the hydraulic cylinder is driven by the hydraulic cylinder, and under the same hydraulic driving force, 18-24 hydraulic cylinders which are uniformly distributed on the circumference drive the piston rod to tightly support the thin-wall cylinder.
When the steel cylinder is in a regular geometric shape and has no local bulge or ellipse, the hydraulic system can quickly realize the roundness correction of the thin-wall steel cylinder, the roundness correction working speed mode can be adjusted according to the geometric shape condition of the steel cylinder, when the geometric shape is better, the roundness correction working speed mode is adjusted to be a quick mode, and when the geometric shape is poorer, the roundness correction working speed mode is adjusted to be a slow mode, so that the impact on the hydraulic system is reduced, the working time of the roundness correction quick mode is only 5-30 seconds, and the working time of the roundness correction slow mode can be controlled to be about 1-2 minutes. If the thin-wall steel cylinder has the shape problems of local bulges, ellipses, horseshoe shapes and the like, 18-24 hydraulic cylinders receive a circle expanding command at the same time, but because the same driving force is not enough to drive the bulge, ellipse, horseshoe shape and other problem areas, at the moment, a controller compares the specific extension values of the local areas with different extension amounts returned by a sensor with the extension distances of hydraulic rods of other most normal areas, calculates the difference value, initially under the same driving force according to hooke's law, the extension distances of the hydraulic rods driven by the bulge, ellipse and horseshoe-shaped areas are different from those of other normal areas, calculates the corresponding rigidity of the area according to the extension distance of the hydraulic rods in the area, calculates the required distance for reaching an ideal position (namely the extension distances of the hydraulic rods driven by the hydraulic cylinders at other positions), calculates the corresponding driving force, and sequentially performs circular interpolation simulation by an algorithm, so that the bulge, the oval and the horseshoe-shaped area steel cylinder can be rounded finally. In the rapid roundness correction mode, the process is only 30-60 seconds; in the slow circle calibration mode, the circle calibration process is only about 2-5 minutes, and the circle calibration of the thin-wall steel cylinder can be realized.
This hydraulic pressure school circle system also can realize single-point operation (manual operation mode), and hydraulic pressure school circle system jumps to manual operation mode automatically after tentatively checking the circle, and the percentage table detects the barrel excircle, beats to propping the circle at tight position and detects, beats the position that does not conform to the circle and carries out local fine setting hydraulic pressure mechanism, because 18-24 pneumatic cylinders of circumference equipartition have carried out the mark setting, according to the circle condition of beating, confirms that barrel excircle part is protrusion or local sunken. If the local part of the excircle is convex to cause the circular run-out tolerance, the pressure of the corresponding hydraulic mechanism is reduced, the driving rod retracts, and the convex part returns to the required shape. If the outer circle part is sunken, namely the corresponding circle jump of the outer circle of the cylinder body is a negative value, the pressure of the hydraulic mechanism at the corresponding part is increased, the extension amount of the hydraulic piston rod is increased, so that the outer circle of the cylinder body is tightly propped, the sunken part is bulged, and the shape of the cylinder body is ensured to meet the technical requirements. The operation mode can facilitate the debugging, monitoring and tracking of the roundness correction system by operators.
The hydraulic clamping system replaces manual tightening of the screw to tightly support the round steel cylinder, clamping efficiency is greatly improved, manual rounding is conducted, the rounding time is 30-60 min, production efficiency is improved, and labor intensity of operators is greatly reduced.
The slider is the fixed plate of installation pneumatic cylinder, and the slider needs the boss structure of processing and clamping base recess correspondence, and the boss structure must guarantee with the corresponding tolerance relation of clamping base recess, guarantees the symmetry relation of slider mounted position and boss, guarantees the symmetry relation of installation pneumatic cylinder hole site and boss. After the hydraulic cylinder is finally installed in place, the coaxiality and the position degree requirements of the hydraulic cylinder relative to the part of the central boss shaft of the clamping base are met, namely, the hydraulic cylinder is uniformly distributed on the circumference of the clamping base, and the distance between the hydraulic cylinder and the axis of the central boss shaft of the clamping base in the radial direction is the same.
The arc cushion is formed by bending and processing the copper-steel composite plate, and the copper cushion is positioned on the outer side so as to be attached to the inner wall of the steel cylinder, so that the arc cushion can be well attached to the inner wall of the steel cylinder, and the steel cylinder is clamped tightly. The thickness of the copper cushion block is 5-10 mm. The arc cushion block is installed at the tail end of a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder through threads, and the piston rod drives the arc cushion block to extend and retract, so that clamping and loosening of the steel cylinder are achieved.
Due to the difference of the thin-wall steel cylinder material and the geometric shape, the geometric shape distribution condition of the steel cylinder needs to be counted, and the required circle correction force is determined during the circle correction process, so that the specification and the model of the hydraulic cylinder, the size of hydraulic pressure, the shape and the size of the arc-shaped cushion block, the PLC, the sensor and the like are accurately selected, and the reliability of the hydraulic circle correction system is ensured.
Examples are as follows: the steel cylinder 1 is a powerful spinning thin-wall steel cylinder, the diameter of the steel cylinder is phi 2000mm, the length of the steel cylinder is 5000mm, and the wall thickness of the steel cylinder is 7 mm. The weight is about 1700 Kg.
The pneumatic cylinder is 18 double-acting single-rod piston pneumatic cylinders of the same model, 18 pneumatic cylinders are radial circumference evenly distributed, pneumatic cylinder fixed mounting has on slider 5 of bar boss, slider 5 installation is fixed on the screw hole of the 18 bar recesses that correspond of clamping base, and the processing of bar recess and screw hole has guaranteed axiality and symmetry to central boss axle. The hydraulic cylinder is controlled by a hydraulic system and a control system, and the hydraulic cylinder system comprises a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic cylinder, a servo valve, a direction control valve, a flow divider, a pipeline, a control instrument, a displacement sensor, a PLC control system and the like.
After the operating system sends a circle correcting steel cylinder command, a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder extends out, and the piston cylinder drives the arc-shaped cushion block to extend out. And after the steel cylinder is rounded, the hydraulic cylinder is locked at an extending position. The hydraulic cylinder piston cylinder drives the arc-shaped cushion block to clamp the steel cylinder. And at the moment, the steel cylinder is subjected to roundness detection requirement so as to carry out corresponding trimming processing on the steel cylinder. The time of the roundness correction process of the steel cylinder with the specification is counted as follows: the fast mode is 6 seconds, and the slow mode is 1 minute. After the trimming processing of the steel cylinder is finished, the PLC outputs a 'loosening' steel cylinder signal, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder retracts, and the piston rod drives the arc-shaped cushion block to retract inwards. After the steel cylinder is withdrawn for a sufficient distance, the steel cylinder is loosened, and the steel cylinder can be disassembled, hoisted and separated from the lathe.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a school circle device of thin wall barrel which characterized in that: the clamping device comprises a clamping base, an arc cushion block, a sliding block and a hydraulic control system; the hydraulic control system comprises a control assembly and a plurality of hydraulic cylinders, and the working state of each hydraulic cylinder is controlled by the control assembly;
the clamping base is of a disc structure, a cylindrical boss is arranged at the center of one end of the clamping base and used for clamping and positioning, and the excircle of the cylindrical boss is used as the processing reference of the whole clamping base; a plurality of through holes are formed in the end face of the clamping base along the circumferential direction, and the connecting part between every two adjacent through holes is a radial rib plate uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction to form a radiation rib plate structure; the rib plate is provided with a rectangular groove along the radial direction, and a plurality of threaded holes are formed in the two sides of the groove;
the sliding blocks are of rectangular plate structures, rectangular bosses are arranged on the lower end faces of the sliding blocks along the center axis of the short side and are installed in a matched mode with the grooves of the rib plates, through holes corresponding to threaded holes in the two sides of the groove of the rib plate are formed in the two sides of each rectangular boss, and the sliding blocks are installed on the rib plates of the clamping base in a one-to-one correspondence mode through bolts; the hydraulic cylinders are respectively and correspondingly arranged on the upper end surfaces of the sliding blocks one by one, and hydraulic rods of the hydraulic cylinders face the outside of the clamping base; adjusting the radial positions of each sliding block and the hydraulic cylinder by adjusting the corresponding hole positions of the through holes on the sliding blocks and the threaded holes of the rib plates, and further performing roundness correction on thin-wall cylinders with different diameters;
the arc cushion blocks are consistent with the hydraulic cylinders in number and comprise connecting blocks, inner arc cushion blocks and outer arc cushion blocks, the inner arc cushion blocks and the outer arc cushion blocks are of stacked arc-shaped structures, and the centers of the inner arc surfaces of the inner arc cushion blocks are fixed at the ends of the hydraulic rods through the connecting blocks; the outer layer arc cushion block is fixed on the outer arc surface of the inner layer arc cushion block, and the outer arc surface faces the inner wall surface of the thin-wall cylinder; the centers of the outer arc surfaces of all the arc cushion blocks are positioned in the same circumference; the control assembly drives each hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic rods further push the arc-shaped cushion blocks along the radial direction, and the hydraulic cylinders work cooperatively to realize the roundness correction of the thin-wall cylinder.
2. The thin-walled cylinder rounding device of claim 1, characterized in that: the number of the hydraulic cylinders is 18-24.
3. The thin-walled cylinder rounding device of claim 1, characterized in that: the control assembly comprises a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic cylinder, a servo valve, a directional control valve, a flow divider valve, a pipeline, a control instrument, a displacement sensor and a PLC control system.
4. The thin-walled cylinder rounding device of claim 1, characterized in that: the inner arc cushion block is a steel layer, the outer arc cushion block is a copper layer, the copper layer is made of soft metal, and cylinders with different diameters are clamped through plastic deformation of the copper layer and are subjected to circle correction.
5. The thin-walled cylinder rounding device of claim 1, characterized in that: the inner layer arc cushion block and the outer layer arc cushion block are rectangular arc plates with equal radian.
6. The thin-walled cylinder rounding device of claim 1, characterized in that: and a plurality of lightening holes are formed in the part, close to the cylindrical boss, of the end surface of the clamping base along the circumferential direction.
7. A method for rounding a thin-wall cylinder by using the rounding device for the thin-wall cylinder according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: finishing the machining of the clamping base, the arc cushion block and the sliding block according to the drawing requirements;
step two: according to the inner diameter of the thin-wall cylinder body, the sliding blocks and the hydraulic cylinders are fixed on the clamping base in sequence, and the arc cushion blocks are fixed on the hydraulic rods;
step three: when the deformation of the thin-wall cylinder is small and the radiuses of all the parts in the circumferential direction are approximately equal, after the hydraulic cylinders are started, hydraulic rods are driven by hydraulic oil with equal flow in the hydraulic cylinders to extend outwards for the same distance under the action of the flow dividing valve, and the thin-wall steel cylinder is subjected to circle supporting through the arc-shaped cushion blocks;
when the thin-wall cylinder body has local deformation irregularity and local bulges, ellipses and horseshoe shapes, the hydraulic cylinder corresponding to the local deformation irregularity part needs to be independently controlled, the distance between the arc cushion block and the inner wall of the steel cylinder is measured through a displacement sensor fixed on the sliding block, the extending amount of the hydraulic rod is fed back to the control assembly and is compared with the extending distance of the hydraulic rod in a normal area, and the difference value is calculated; according to Hooke's law, at the beginning under the same driving force, the extending distance of the hydraulic cylinder driving hydraulic rod in the bulge, ellipse and horseshoe-shaped area is different from that of other normal areas, the corresponding rigidity of the area is calculated according to the extending distance of the hydraulic rod in the area, and the distance required for reaching an ideal position is calculated, namely the extending distance of the hydraulic cylinder driving hydraulic rod at other parts is calculated; and calculating corresponding driving force, and performing cyclic interpolation simulation by a sequential algorithm, so that the bulge, the oval and the horseshoe-shaped area steel cylinder can be finally corrected to form a circle.
8. The method of rounding a thin-walled cylinder of claim 7, wherein: in the first step, the clamping base is finished by casting or welding; the diameter of the excircle of the cylindrical boss at the center is phi 300-phi 500mm, the roughness of the excircle is less than or equal to Ra3.2, the excircle of the cylindrical boss works as the reference of other dimensions, and the coaxiality of the outer peripheral surface of the clamping base and the middle cylindrical boss is not more than 0.10 mm; the perpendicularity between the slider mounting surface of the clamping base and the axial direction of the cylindrical boss is not more than 0.10mm, and the roughness is Ra3.2; in order to ensure the perpendicularity of the extension rod of the hydraulic cylinder with the axis of the central boss shaft during working, the grooves matched with the sliding block are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, the position degree of the grooves and the axis of the cylindrical boss is not more than 0.10mm, namely the perpendicularity of the groove parts and the axis of the cylindrical boss needs to be ensured, and meanwhile the perpendicularity of all the grooves on the circumference to the axis of the cylindrical boss is ensured; the extension line of the central line of each groove passes through the central shaft, and the error is not more than 0.10 mm; meanwhile, the verticality between the groove and the mounting plane of the sliding block is not more than 0.10 mm; the symmetry degree of the threaded hole and the groove is not more than 0.05 mm.
9. The method of rounding a thin-walled cylinder of claim 7, wherein: the accuracy of the sensor reaches +/-0.5 mm.
10. The method of rounding a thin-walled cylinder of claim 7, wherein: in the third step, the calculation of local deformation irregularity of the thin-wall cylinder is carried out:
firstly, setting the extension distances of hydraulic rods of different hydraulic cylinders in a steel cylinder to be x1, x2, x3, … and xn;
X＝(x1+x2+x3+…+xn)/n； (1)
△xi＝(X-xi) (2)
determining the bulge and the pit of the steel cylinder through the positive and negative values of the delta xi; when the delta xi is a positive value, the extending distance of xi is smaller than the average extending distance, and the corresponding position of xi is a pit position; if the delta xi is a negative value, the extension distance of xi is greater than the average extension distance, and the position corresponding to xi is a bulge part;
then, according to hooke's law:
Fi＝kixi＝PA1； (3)
fi is thrust corresponding to the ith hydraulic cylinder;
ki: the stiffness coefficient of an equivalent spring of the ith hydraulic cylinder is set;
a1 effective area of rodless side of piston rod, m2；
A2: effective area of piston rod on rod side, m2；
P is oil supply pressure (working oil pressure) and MPa;
when the circle is corrected, the piston rod of each hydraulic cylinder is assumed to be displaced to Xave, the diameter of an outer circle is measured by the Xave according to a pi ruler, the diameter of the outer circle is subtracted by twice the wall thickness to obtain the diameter of an inner hole of the steel cylinder, the initial diameter of the piston rod of each hydraulic cylinder can be measured by the caliper, and then Xave is obtained, wherein Xave is (the inner diameter of the steel cylinder-the initial diameter of the piston)/2;
when xi is less than or equal to Xave, the driving force when the ideal circle correcting position is reached can be obtained, and the piston rod extends out:
Fsc＝Fi×Xave/xi＝PA1×Xave/xi； (4)
the hydraulic cylinder drives the piston rod working oil pressure at this moment to do: psc＝P×Xave/xi
When xi is more than or equal to Xave, the driving force when the ideal circle correcting position is reached can be obtained, and the piston rod retracts:
Fsh＝Fi×Xave/xi＝PA1×Xave/xi； (5)
the hydraulic cylinder drives the piston rod working oil pressure at this moment to do: psh＝P×A1×Xave/(xi×A2)。
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