CN113180389B

CN113180389B - Self-locking type clinical laboratory sample sampling and temporary storage device

Info

Publication number: CN113180389B
Application number: CN202110487208.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 谢梦池
Original assignee: Shenzhen Dean Huxin Medical Laboratory
Current assignee: Shenzhen Dean Huxin Medical Laboratory
Priority date: 2021-05-05
Filing date: 2021-05-05
Publication date: 2022-11-01
Anticipated expiration: 2041-05-05
Also published as: CN113180389A

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-locking clinical laboratory sample sampling and temporary storage device, which comprises a box body and a drawer, wherein a self-locking device is arranged in the box body, the self-locking device can realize the locking of the drawer after the drawer is closed in place, the self-locking device comprises a self-locking switch and a self-locking reset spring, the self-locking switch comprises a bolt, an adjusting slide block and a guide rod which are sequentially and integrally connected from top to bottom, a self-locking installation groove which is matched with the self-locking device and penetrates through the bottom of a drawer opening is formed in the side surface of the box body, the self-locking installation groove comprises a bolt movable hole matched with the bolt, an adjusting slide groove matched with the adjusting slide block, a spring limiting hole matched with the self-locking reset spring and a guide hole matched with the guide rod, the bolt hole, the adjusting slide groove, the spring limiting hole and the guide hole are sequentially penetrated from top to bottom, and a bolt hole matched with the bolt is formed in the bottom of the drawer. The invention can effectively prevent the drawer from accidentally sliding out of the clinical laboratory sample temporary storage device, thereby improving the safety in the using process.

Description

From locking-type clinical laboratory sample temporary storage device

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of medical treatment, and particularly relates to a self-locking clinical laboratory sample temporary storage device.

Background

Clinical medicine and foundation medicine's bridge between, including clinical chemistry, clinical microbiology, clinical immunology, hematology, humoral and blood transfusion branch discipline, sample temporary storage device is a medical equipment of temporary storage medical sample, and current sample temporary storage device does not have self-locking function, and the drawer has the potential safety hazard of unexpected roll-off from sample temporary storage device promptly, consequently needs to carry out structural optimization and avoids.

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem to be solved

The invention aims to provide a self-locking clinical laboratory sample sampling and temporary storage device.

(II) technical scheme

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a self-locking clinical laboratory sample sampling and temporary storage device which comprises a box body, a drawer opening formed in the box body and a drawer accommodated in the drawer opening, wherein a self-locking device is arranged in the box body and can lock the drawer after the drawer is closed in place, the self-locking device comprises a self-locking switch and a self-locking reset spring, the self-locking switch comprises a bolt, an adjusting slide block and a guide rod which are sequentially and integrally connected from top to bottom, a self-locking installation groove matched with the self-locking device and penetrating through the bottom of the drawer opening is formed in the side surface of the box body, the self-locking installation groove comprises a bolt movable hole matched with the bolt, an adjusting slide groove matched with the adjusting slide block, a spring limiting hole matched with the self-locking reset spring and a guide hole matched with the guide rod, the bolt hole, the adjusting slide groove, the spring limiting hole and the guide hole are sequentially penetrated from top to bottom, and the bottom of the drawer is provided with a bolt hole matched with the bolt.

The self-locking reset spring is sleeved on a guide rod of the self-locking switch in a matching manner, the self-locking switch with the self-locking reset spring is installed in a self-locking installation groove of the box body in a matching manner, the bolt is installed in a bolt movable hole in a matching manner, the adjusting slide block is installed in the adjusting slide groove in a matching manner, the guide rod is installed in the guide hole in a matching manner, and the self-locking reset spring is installed in the spring limiting hole in a matching manner and acts between the adjusting slide block and the bottom of the spring limiting hole.

The self-locking installation groove is further provided with a protective cover plate covering the self-locking device in a matching mode, the side face of the adjusting slide block is provided with a poke rod, an upper sliding groove and a lower sliding groove which are matched with the poke rod are formed in the protective cover plate, and the poke rod extends out of the upper sliding groove and the lower sliding groove of the protective cover plate.

The side surface of the bolt is provided with an inclined guide surface, and the inclined guide surface is opposite to the opening of the drawer opening.

The drawer is automatically moved in and out of a drawer opening of the box body through the driving device.

The driving device comprises a driving motor, a driving gear, a forward rotation triggering structure and a reverse rotation triggering structure, wherein the side edge of the drawer is provided with a rack which is meshed with the driving gear in a matched mode, and the forward rotation triggering structure and the reverse rotation triggering structure are distributed on the side wall of the adjusting sliding groove one above the other.

The driving shaft of the driving motor extends into the side surface of the drawer opening and is connected with the driving gear in a matching way; in the process that the drawer enters and exits the drawer opening, the rack of the drawer is matched with the driving gear for meshing transmission; the forward rotation triggering structure is matched with and controls the driving motor to rotate forward, and the reverse rotation triggering structure is matched and controls the driving motor to rotate reversely;

when the drawer enters a part of the drawer opening and the bolt is pressed into the bolt moving hole, the adjusting slide block correspondingly moves downwards in the adjusting slide groove and touches the forward rotation trigger structure and does not touch the reverse rotation trigger structure, and the driving motor rotates forwards and is meshed and transmitted to the rack through the driving gear to drive the drawer to perform closed motion; when the drawer is completely closed, the bolt movable hole is over against the bolt hole at the bottom of the drawer, the self-locking switch inserts the bolt into the bolt hole under the acting force of the self-locking reset spring to lock the drawer, and the adjusting slide block is separated from the forward rotation triggering structure to enable the driving motor to stop working; when the self-locking switch is controlled to overcome the self-locking reset spring to move downwards to the bottom, the adjusting slide block touches the reverse rotation triggering structure and is separated from the forward rotation triggering structure, and the driving motor rotates reversely and is meshed and transmitted to the rack through the driving gear to drive the drawer to open.

The forward rotation trigger structure comprises a forward rotation touch button, a reset button and a button reset spring, wherein the reset button comprises a front contact, a reset sliding block and a rear contact which are integrally connected; the reverse triggering structure comprises a reverse touch button, a reset button and a button reset spring; the side wall of the adjusting sliding groove is provided with counter bores which are distributed up and down and matched with the reset button, the large holes of the counter bores are matched with the reset sliding block, and the small holes of the counter bores are matched with the rear contact.

The forward rotation touch buttons are arranged at the bottoms of the counter bores distributed above in a matching manner, and the reverse rotation touch buttons are arranged at the bottoms of the counter bores distributed below in a matching manner; the button reset spring is sleeved on a rear contact of the reset button in a matching manner, the reset button with the button reset spring is installed in the counter bore in a matching manner, the reset slider is installed in the large bore of the counter bore in a matching manner, the rear contact is inserted into the small bore of the counter bore in a matching manner, and the button reset spring acts between the reset slider and the bottom of the large bore of the counter bore in a matching manner; the side wall of the adjusting sliding groove is also provided with a button cover plate covering the counter bore, the button cover plate is also provided with a contact through hole matched with the front contact, and the front contact of the reset button extends out of the contact through hole.

The driving device further comprises an emergency stop triggering structure, the emergency stop triggering structure comprises an emergency stop touch button, a reset button and a button reset spring, and a counter bore matched with the reset button is also formed in the bottom of the hole of the drawer opening; the scram touch button is installed at the bottom of the hole of the counter bore in a matching mode, the button reset spring is connected to the rear contact in a matching mode in a sleeved mode, the reset button with the button reset spring is installed in the counter bore in a matching mode, the reset slider is installed in the large hole of the counter bore in a matching mode, and the scram touch button is connected in series in a circuit of forward rotation of the forward rotation touch button control driving motor.

(III) advantageous effects

Compared with the prior art, the invention adopts a simple spring structure to realize bolt resetting, thereby realizing the functions of closing the drawer in place and self-locking, effectively preventing the drawer from accidentally sliding out of the clinical laboratory sample temporary storage device, and improving the safety in the use process.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a clinical laboratory sample temporary storage device according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural exploded view of a clinical laboratory sample temporary storage device.

FIG. 3 is a front cross-sectional view of a clinical laboratory sample buffer of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a partial enlarged view of fig. 3 of the present invention.

Figure 5 is a side partial cross-sectional view of a clinical laboratory sample collection buffer of the present invention.

Description of reference numerals: 1. a box body; 2. a drawer; 3. a self-locking device; 4. a drive device; 5. a protective cover plate; 6. a button cover plate; 11. a drawer opening; 12. a self-locking mounting groove; 13. a motor mounting cavity; 14. a counter bore; 15. a roller chute; 21. a pin hole; 22. a rack; 23. a roller; 31. a self-locking switch; 32. a self-locking return spring; 41. a drive motor; 42. a drive gear; 43. a positive rotation triggering structure; 44. a reverse triggering structure; 45. a reset button; 46. a button return spring; 47. an emergency stop trigger mechanism; 51. an upper chute and a lower chute; 61. punching a contact; 121. a bolt movable hole; 122. adjusting the sliding chute; 123. a spring limiting hole; 124. a guide hole; 151. blocking edges; 311. a bolt; 312. adjusting the sliding block; 313. a guide rod; 431. positively rotating the touch button; 441. reversing the touch button; 451. a front contact; 452. resetting the sliding block; 453. a rear contact; 471. scram touch button; 3111. an inclined guide surface; 3121. a poke rod.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

The structure of the clinical laboratory sample temporary storage device is shown in fig. 1 and 2, and the clinical laboratory sample temporary storage device comprises a box body 1, a drawer 2, a self-locking device 3 and a driving device 4; the front surface of the box body 1 is provided with a drawer opening 11 matched with the drawer 2; the drawer 2 automatically enters and exits from the drawer opening 11 of the box body 1 through the driving device 4; the self-locking device 3 can lock the drawer 2 after the drawer 2 is closed in place. By adopting the structure, the drawer has the function of automatic opening and closing and is convenient to use; and the self-locking function is realized when the lock is closed in place, so that the time for manual locking is saved, and the possibility of forgetting to lock can be effectively avoided.

As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, in the present embodiment, the self-locking device 3 includes a self-locking switch 31 and a self-locking return spring 32; the self-locking switch 31 comprises a bolt 311, an adjusting slide block 312 and a guide rod 313 which are sequentially and integrally connected from top to bottom; the side surface of the box body 1 is provided with a self-locking mounting groove 12 which is matched with the self-locking device 3 and penetrates through the bottom of the drawer opening 11; the self-locking mounting groove 12 comprises a bolt moving hole 121 matched with a bolt 311, an adjusting sliding groove 122 matched with an adjusting sliding block 312, a spring limiting hole 123 matched with a self-locking reset spring 32 and a guide hole 124 matched with a guide rod 313; the bolt hole 121, the adjusting chute 122, the spring limiting hole 123 and the guide hole 124 are sequentially communicated from top to bottom; the bottom of the drawer 2 is provided with a bolt hole 21 matched with the bolt 311;

the self-locking reset spring 32 is sleeved on the guide rod 313 of the self-locking switch 31 in a matching manner, and the self-locking switch 31 with the self-locking reset spring 32 is installed in the self-locking installation groove 12 of the box body 1 in a matching manner; the bolt 311 is arranged in the bolt movable hole 121 in a matching way, the adjusting slide block 312 is arranged in the adjusting sliding chute 122 in a matching way, the guide rod 313 is arranged in the guide hole 124 in a matching way, and the self-locking reset spring 32 is arranged in the spring limiting hole 123 in a matching way and acts between the adjusting slide block 312 and the bottom of the spring limiting hole 123; the self-locking mounting groove 12 is also provided with a protective cover plate 5 which covers the self-locking device 3 in a matching way;

when the drawer 2 is closed in place in the drawer opening 11 of the box body 1, the self-locking switch 31 enables the bolt 311 to be inserted into the bolt hole 21 of the drawer 2 in a matching manner under the spring action force of the self-locking return spring 32, so that the self-locking of the drawer is realized.

As shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, the side surface of the latch 311 is provided with an inclined guide surface 3111, and the inclined guide surface 3111 faces the opening of the drawer opening 11. The inclined guide surface 3111 is arranged, so that the bolt 311 can be directly pressed into the bolt movable hole 121 through the guide of the inclined guide surface 3111 in the process that the drawer 2 is pushed into the drawer opening 11, and the self-locking switch 31 does not need to be manually adjusted to overcome the problem that the self-locking return spring 32 moves downwards.

As shown in fig. 3 and 4, in this embodiment, a poke rod 3121 is disposed on a side surface of the adjusting slider 312, and an upper sliding groove 51 and a lower sliding groove 51 matched with the poke rod 3121 are disposed on the protective cover plate 5; the tap lever 3121 protrudes from the upper and lower slide grooves 51 of the protective cover 5. By adopting the structure, the up-and-down movement of the self-locking switch 31 can be adjusted through the poke rod 3121, so that the insertion self-locking and the separation unlocking of the bolt 311 to the drawer 2 are controlled.

As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, in the present embodiment, the driving device 4 includes a driving motor 41, a driving gear 42, a forward rotation triggering structure 43 and a reverse rotation triggering structure 44; a motor installation cavity 13 which is matched with the driving motor 41 and penetrates through the drawer opening 11 is formed in the box body 1; the side edge of the drawer 2 is provided with a rack 22 which is engaged with the driving gear 42; the forward rotation triggering structure 43 and the reverse rotation triggering structure 44 are distributed on the side wall of the adjusting chute 122 one above the other;

the driving motor 41 is arranged in the motor installation cavity 13 of the box body 1 in a matching way, and a driving shaft of the driving motor 41 extends into the side surface of the drawer opening 11 and is connected with the driving gear 42 in a matching way; in the process that the drawer 2 enters and exits the drawer opening 11, the rack 22 is in matched meshed transmission with the driving gear 42; the forward rotation triggering structure 43 is matched with and controls the driving motor 41 to rotate forward, and the reverse rotation triggering structure 44 is matched with and controls the driving motor 41 to rotate reversely;

when the drawer 2 enters a part of the drawer opening 11 and presses the bolt 311 into the bolt moving hole 121, the adjusting slide block 312 correspondingly moves downwards in the adjusting slide groove 122 and touches the forward rotation triggering structure 43 and does not touch the reverse rotation triggering structure 44, the driving motor 41 rotates forward and is meshed and transmitted to the rack 22 through the driving gear 42 to drive the drawer 2 to perform closing movement; when the drawer 2 is completely closed, the bolt moving hole 121 is opposite to the bolt hole 21 at the bottom of the drawer 2, the self-locking switch 31 is inserted into the bolt hole 21 under the acting force of the self-locking reset spring 32 to lock the drawer 2, and meanwhile, the adjusting slide block 312 is separated from the forward rotation trigger structure 43 to enable the driving motor 41 to stop working; when the self-locking switch 31 is controlled to move downwards to the bottom against the self-locking return spring 32, the adjusting slide block 312 touches the reverse rotation triggering structure 44 and is separated from the forward rotation triggering structure 43, and the driving motor 41 rotates reversely and is meshed and transmitted to the rack 22 through the driving gear 42 to drive the drawer 2 to perform opening movement.

As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, in the present embodiment, the forward rotation triggering structure 43 includes a forward rotation touch button 431, a reset button 45 and a button reset spring 46, and the reset button 45 includes a front contact 451, a reset slider 452 and a rear contact 453 which are integrally connected; the reverse trigger mechanism 44 includes a reverse touch button 441, a reset button 45, and a button reset spring 46; counterbores 14 which are distributed up and down and matched with the reset button 45 are formed in the side wall of the adjusting chute 122, a large hole of each counterbore 14 is matched with the reset sliding block 452, and a small hole of each counterbore 14 is matched with the rear contact 453;

the forward rotation touch button 431 is installed at the hole bottoms of the counterbores 14 distributed above in a matching manner, and the reverse rotation touch button 441 is installed at the hole bottoms of the counterbores 14 distributed below in a matching manner; the button reset spring 46 is sleeved on a rear contact 453 of the reset button 45 in a matching manner, the reset button 45 with the button reset spring 46 is installed in the counterbore 14 in a matching manner, the reset slider 452 is installed in a large hole of the counterbore 14 in a matching manner, the rear contact 453 is inserted into a small hole of the counterbore 14 in a matching manner, and the button reset spring 46 acts between the reset slider 452 and the bottom of the large hole of the counterbore 14 in a matching manner; the side wall of the adjusting chute 122 is also provided with a button cover plate 6 covering the counter bore 14, the button cover plate 6 is also provided with a contact through hole 61 matched with the front contact 451, and the front contact 451 of the reset button 45 extends out of the contact through hole 61;

the forward rotation touch button 431 controls forward rotation of the drive motor 41 in a matching manner, and the reverse rotation touch button 441 controls reverse rotation of the drive motor 41 in a matching manner.

As shown in fig. 4, in the present embodiment, the tip portion of the front contact 451 extending out of the contact through hole 61 is formed in a hemispherical shape, so that the front contact 451 can be easily pressed by the adjustment slider 312 regardless of upward and downward movements.

As shown in fig. 5, in this embodiment, the driving device 4 further includes an emergency stop triggering structure 47, the emergency stop triggering structure 47 includes an emergency stop touch button 471, a reset button 45 and a button reset spring 46, and a counter bore 14 matched with the reset button 45 is also formed at the bottom of the drawer opening 11; the scram touch button 471 is matched and arranged at the bottom of the counter bore 14; the button reset spring 46 is sleeved on a rear contact 453 of the reset button 45 in a matching manner, the reset button 45 with the button reset spring 46 is installed in the counterbore 14 in a matching manner, the reset slider 452 is installed in a large hole of the counterbore 14 in a matching manner, the rear contact 453 is inserted into a small hole of the counterbore 14 in a matching manner, and the button reset spring 46 acts between the reset slider 452 and the bottom of the large hole of the counterbore 14 in a matching manner; the bottom of the drawer opening 11 is also provided with a button cover plate 6 covering the counter bore 14, the button cover plate 6 is also provided with a contact through hole 61 matched with the front contact 451, and the front contact 451 of the reset button 45 extends out of the contact through hole 61; the scram touch button 471 is connected in series to a line in which the forward rotation touch button 431 controls the forward rotation of the drive motor 41. The emergency stop trigger structure 47 provided by the invention can press the reset button 45 to move backwards against the button reset spring 46 when the drawer is closed in place until the rear contact 453 of the reset button 45 touches the emergency stop touch button 471, so that the forward rotation circuit of the driving motor 41 is controlled to be in an open circuit state through the emergency stop touch button 471, and the driving motor 41 is controlled to stop working.

As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, in the embodiment, rollers 23 are symmetrically disposed on two sides of the drawer 2, and roller chutes 15 matched with the rollers 23 are symmetrically disposed on two sides of the drawer opening 11. By adopting the structure, the drawer 2 can move in and out of the drawer opening 11 more smoothly.

As shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, a rib 151 is further disposed at the opening of the roller sliding slot 15, so that the roller 23 can be clamped when the drawer 2 is completely opened, and the drawer 2 is prevented from completely separating from the drawer opening 11 and falling. And be equipped with the bactericidal lamp in the box 1, the drawer 2 is closed to target in place the back bactericidal lamp and is located the drawer 2 directly over, and this bactericidal lamp is ultraviolet germicidal lamp, can keep drawer 2 to be in aseptic environment in order to protect the sample in the drawer 2.

The invention has two working states: the working state of the automatic closing movement of the drawer in place and self-locking and the working state of the automatic opening movement of the drawer.

1. The automatic closing movement of the drawer in place and the self-locking process are as follows:

(1) Firstly, in the drawer 2, two symmetrical rollers 23 are buckled to the flanges 151 of the roller sliding grooves 15 at the drawer opening 11 and then enter the roller sliding grooves 15;

(2) The drawer 2 is pushed to enter a part of the drawer opening 11 by the guide of the roller 23 on the roller sliding groove 15; at this time, the rear surface of the drawer 2 hits the protruding latch 311 and presses the latch 311 into the latch moving hole 121 by the guide of the inclined guide surface 3111; meanwhile, the rack 22 on the drawer 2 is matched and meshed with the driving gear 42;

(3) In the process that the bolt 311 is pressed down, the adjusting slider 312 on the self-locking switch 31 simultaneously moves down and presses the front contact 451 of the reset button 45 of the forward rotation triggering structure 43, so as to drive the rear contact 453 of the reset button 45 of the forward rotation triggering structure 43 to touch the forward rotation touch button 431, and thus the forward rotation touch button 431 controls the driving motor 41 to rotate forward and drives the rack 22 to drive the drawer 2 to perform the closing motion through the meshing transmission of the driving gear 42; at this time, the adjusting slider 312 has not yet touched the reverse triggering mechanism 44;

(4) Until the drawer 2 is closed in position; at this time, the rear surface of the drawer 2 touches the sudden stop trigger structure 47, the reset button 45 pressing the sudden stop trigger structure 47 overcomes the button reset spring 46 to move backwards until the rear contact 453 of the reset button 45 touches the sudden stop touch button 471, so that the forward rotation circuit of the driving motor 41 is controlled to be in an open circuit state by the sudden stop touch button 471, and the driving motor 41 is controlled to stop forward rotation; meanwhile, the bolt movable hole 121 is matched with and right faces the bolt hole 21 of the drawer 2, and the self-locking switch 31 pushes the bolt 311 into the bolt hole 21 under the action of the spring resetting force of the self-locking resetting spring 32, so that the drawer is self-locked.

2. The process of the automatic opening movement of the drawer is as follows:

(1) The poke rod 3121 is adjusted to move downwards to the bottom; at this time, the bolt 311 is separated from the bolt hole 21 of the drawer 2, and the self-locking of the drawer is released; meanwhile, the adjusting slider 312 presses the front contact 451 of the reset button 45 of the reverse rotation triggering structure 44, so as to drive the rear contact 453 of the reset button 45 of the reverse rotation triggering structure 44 to touch the reverse rotation touch button 441, so as to control the driving motor 41 to rotate reversely through the reverse rotation touch button 441 and drive the drawer 2 to perform an opening movement through the meshing transmission of the driving gear 42 to the rack 22; at this time, the adjusting slider 312 does not touch the forward rotation triggering structure 43;

(2) Until the drawer 2 is opened to a proper position, the rack 22 of the drawer 2 is separated from the driving gear 42, and the poke rod 3121 can be released; at this time, the roller 23 is separated due to the blocking of the rib 151, so that the drawer is not completely separated from the drawer opening 11.

Wherein, the poke rod 3121 is not provided, but an electromagnet is provided below the self-locking switch 31, and a switch for controlling the on-off of the electromagnet is provided outside the box 1; meanwhile, the latching switch 31 needs to be made of a material that can be attracted by a magnet. By adopting the structure, the automatic opening of the drawer can be realized by controlling the electromagnet to work and adsorbing the self-locking switch 31 to the bottom through the switch.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make several improvements and modifications without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a from locking-type clinical laboratory sample temporary storage device, includes the box, sets up the drawer mouth on the box and holds in the intraoral drawer of drawer, its characterized in that: the self-locking device is arranged in the box body and can realize locking of the drawer after the drawer is closed in place, the self-locking device comprises a self-locking switch and a self-locking reset spring, the self-locking switch comprises a bolt, an adjusting slide block and a guide rod which are sequentially and integrally connected from top to bottom, a self-locking mounting groove which is matched with the self-locking device and penetrates through the bottom of a drawer opening is formed in the side surface of the box body, the self-locking mounting groove comprises a bolt moving hole matched with the bolt, an adjusting sliding groove matched with the adjusting slide block, a spring limiting hole matched with the self-locking reset spring and a guide hole matched with the guide rod, the bolt hole, the adjusting sliding groove, the spring limiting hole and the guide hole are sequentially penetrated from top to bottom, and a bolt hole matched with the bolt is formed in the bottom of the drawer; the box body is internally provided with a driving device, and the drawer can automatically enter and exit in a drawer opening of the box body through the driving device; the driving device comprises a driving motor, a driving gear, a forward rotation triggering structure and a reverse rotation triggering structure, wherein a rack which is matched and meshed with the driving gear is arranged on the side edge of the drawer, and the forward rotation triggering structure and the reverse rotation triggering structure are distributed on the side wall of the adjusting chute one above the other; a driving shaft of the driving motor extends into the side surface of the drawer opening and is connected with the driving gear in a matching way; in the process that the drawer enters and exits the drawer opening, the rack of the drawer is matched with the driving gear for meshing transmission; the forward rotation triggering structure is matched with and controls the driving motor to rotate forward, and the reverse rotation triggering structure is matched and controls the driving motor to rotate reversely; when the drawer enters a part of the drawer opening and the bolt is pressed into the bolt moving hole, the adjusting slide block correspondingly moves downwards in the adjusting slide groove and touches the forward rotation triggering structure and does not touch the reverse rotation triggering structure, and the driving motor drives the drawer to rotate forward and is meshed and transmitted to the rack through the driving gear to drive the drawer to move in a closing mode; when the drawer is completely closed, the bolt moving hole is over against the bolt hole at the bottom of the drawer, the self-locking switch inserts the bolt into the bolt hole under the acting force of the self-locking reset spring to lock the drawer, and meanwhile, the adjusting slide block is separated from the forward rotation triggering structure to enable the driving motor to stop working; when the self-locking switch is controlled to overcome the self-locking reset spring to move downwards to the bottom, the adjusting slide block touches the reverse rotation triggering structure and is separated from the forward rotation triggering structure, the driving motor rotates reversely and is meshed and transmitted to the rack through the driving gear to drive the drawer to open; the forward rotation triggering structure comprises a forward rotation touch button, a reset button and a button reset spring, wherein the reset button comprises a front contact, a reset sliding block and a rear contact which are integrally connected; the reverse triggering structure comprises a reverse touch button, a reset button and a button reset spring; the side wall of the adjusting chute is provided with counter bores which are distributed up and down and matched with the reset button, the large holes of the counter bores are matched with the reset sliding block, and the small holes of the counter bores are matched with the rear contact; the forward rotation touch buttons are arranged at the bottoms of the counter bores distributed above in a matched manner, and the reverse rotation touch buttons are arranged at the bottoms of the counter bores distributed below in a matched manner; the button reset spring is sleeved on a rear contact of the reset button in a matching manner, the reset button with the button reset spring is installed in the counter bore in a matching manner, the reset slider is installed in the large hole of the counter bore in a matching manner, the rear contact is inserted into the small hole of the counter bore in a matching manner, and the button reset spring acts between the reset slider and the bottom of the large hole of the counter bore in a matching manner; a button cover plate for covering the counter bore is further arranged on the side wall of the adjusting sliding chute, a contact through hole matched with the front contact is further formed in the button cover plate, and the front contact of the reset button extends out of the contact through hole; the driving device also comprises an emergency stop triggering structure, the emergency stop triggering structure comprises an emergency stop touch button, a reset button and a button reset spring, and the bottom of the hole of the drawer opening is also provided with a counter bore matched with the reset button; the emergency stop touch button is arranged at the bottom of the hole of the counter bore in a matching mode, the button reset spring is sleeved on a rear contact of the reset button in a matching mode, the reset button with the button reset spring is arranged in the counter bore in a matching mode, the reset sliding block is arranged in a large hole of the counter bore in a matching mode, and the emergency stop touch button is connected in series with a forward rotation circuit of the forward rotation touch button control driving motor; the side of adjusting the slider is provided with the poker rod, and the automatic process of opening the motion of drawer is as follows: the poke rod is adjusted to move downwards to the bottom; at the moment, the bolt is separated from the bolt hole of the drawer, and the self-locking of the drawer is released; meanwhile, the adjusting slide block presses a front contact of a reset button of the reverse rotation triggering structure, so that a rear contact of the reset button of the reverse rotation triggering structure is driven to touch a reverse rotation touch button, the reverse rotation touch button controls a driving motor to reversely rotate, and the driving gear is meshed with and transmitted to the rack to drive the drawer to open; at this time, the adjusting slide block does not touch the forward rotation triggering structure.

2. The self-locking clinical laboratory sample sampling and staging device of claim 1, wherein: the self-locking reset spring is sleeved on a guide rod of the self-locking switch in a matching manner, the self-locking switch with the self-locking reset spring is installed in a self-locking installation groove of the box body in a matching manner, the bolt is installed in a bolt movable hole in a matching manner, the adjusting slide block is installed in the adjusting slide groove in a matching manner, the guide rod is installed in the guide hole in a matching manner, and the self-locking reset spring is installed in the spring limiting hole in a matching manner and acts between the adjusting slide block and the bottom of the spring limiting hole.

3. The self-locking clinical laboratory sample sampling and staging device of claim 2, wherein: the self-locking mounting groove is also provided with a protective cover plate covering the self-locking device in a matching manner, the poking rod is provided with an upper sliding groove and a lower sliding groove matched with the poking rod, and the poking rod extends out of the upper sliding groove and the lower sliding groove of the protective cover plate.

4. The self-locking clinical laboratory sample sampling temporary storage device of claim 1, wherein: the side of the bolt is provided with an inclined guide surface which is over against the opening of the drawer opening.