CN113178599A - Automatic preheating control system during cold start of fuel cell system - Google Patents
Automatic preheating control system during cold start of fuel cell system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113178599A CN113178599A CN202110463373.2A CN202110463373A CN113178599A CN 113178599 A CN113178599 A CN 113178599A CN 202110463373 A CN202110463373 A CN 202110463373A CN 113178599 A CN113178599 A CN 113178599A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
- B60L58/31—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for starting of fuel cells
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
- B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
- B60L58/34—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by heating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04037—Electrical heating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention discloses an automatic preheating control system during cold start of a fuel cell system, which directly heats the interior of a fuel cell stack by using heated circulating cooling liquid. This heating can make the entire fuel cell stack interior heat up uniformly. The invention can also start the battery management system inside the power supply (BMS) At the same time to the electricityAnd the source battery carries out real-time monitoring and safety protection. In addition, the fuel cell stack does not need to be warmed up in warm climates, but the warm-up system does not turn on the heater after automatically detecting the relevant temperature and comparing the temperature with the relevant value to judge if the warm-up button is pressed by mistake due to careless misoperation of an operator. The invention can also avoid the misoperation possibly caused by complicated manual inspection and judgment under various conditions during cold start. Therefore, the invention has the characteristics of quick and simple operation, stable and uniform heating, high efficiency, energy conservation, safety, reliability and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cold start of fuel cells, in particular to an automatic preheating control system during cold start of a fuel cell system.
Background
With the increasing energy crisis and environmental pollution in the world, many countries are constantly exploring and using clean energy, especially the application of clean energy in the traffic field such as automobiles is more and more extensive. For this reason, electric vehicles have been widely popularized in recent years. However, the electric vehicle still cannot meet the requirements of users at present compared with the traditional fuel vehicle due to the reasons of relatively short cruising ability, long charging time and the like caused by the limitation of the battery technology. Therefore, many countries have developed technologies for tightening fuel cell vehicles in recent years.
The hydrogen fuel cell is a fuel cell which is produced by chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, and the products are electric energy and pure water without any harmful substances. Therefore, the energy source is really clean energy. Hydrogen fuel cells have many potential advantages. For example, hydrogen has an energy density three times higher than that of gasoline, and its energy conversion efficiency is also higher than that of an internal combustion engine; the hydrogen fuel charging time and the cruising ability of the fuel cell automobile can be completely compared with the traditional gasoline automobile. Therefore, fuel cell vehicles are ideal daily vehicles in terms of energy utilization and environmental protection.
In general, a fuel cell produces electricity and water while operating, and also produces heat energy. Therefore, it is necessary to install a cooling system for cooling the fuel cell stack to control the operating temperature thereof within a proper range. Air cooling, i.e., air cooling, is mostly used for fuel cell stacks having a relatively small capacity. However, liquid medium cooling, for example, liquid cooling such as ethylene glycol (glycol), a mixed liquid of ethylene glycol and water, or other liquid cooling medium is generally adopted for a large capacity fuel cell stack (for example, 5kW or more).
However, in an extremely cold environment, such as a temperature of-30 degrees celsius or even colder, if the fuel cell system is directly cold started, not only the output performance and efficiency of the fuel cell stack are reduced, but also the service life of the fuel cell stack is affected. More seriously, when the fuel cell system is cold-started in such cold conditions, water generated by the chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen inside the fuel cell stack flows to the air outlet of the fuel cell stack to be immediately frozen, so that the outlet and the channel are blocked, and permanent damage to the knot structure of the fuel cell stack is likely to be caused directly.
In view of the above problems caused by cold start of the fuel cell under extremely cold conditions, the present invention only needs to add an electric heater and related control device to the existing liquid cooling circulation system of the fuel cell.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to make up the defects of the prior art and provides an automatic preheating control system for a fuel cell system during cold start. The invention can automatically judge whether the fuel cell stack needs to be preheated when the fuel cell system is cold started under cold conditions, and automatically control the preheating process. Therefore, the cold start process is simple, convenient, safe and reliable. Especially for the driver or operator of a fuel cell vehicle without expert knowledge of the fuel cell.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the automatic preheating control system comprises a fuel cell cooling liquid circulation system, a heater, a starting power supply of the fuel cell system, a cold start preheating controller and a cold start preheating switch, wherein the fuel cell cooling liquid circulation system is almost the existing liquid medium cooling system of the fuel cell system with slightly large capacity, and comprises a fuel cell stack, a cooling pipeline in the fuel cell stack, a cooling liquid circulation pump and other main components; in the existing cooling liquid circulation system, only a cooling liquid container with proper capacity is needed to be arranged near a cooling liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack, the inlet of the cooling liquid container is connected with a cooling liquid circulation pump, a cell stack temperature sensor is arranged in the fuel cell stack, the cell stack temperature sensor can also be an existing temperature sensor for detecting the internal temperature of the fuel cell stack, a heater and a cooling liquid temperature sensor are arranged in the cooling liquid container, the heater is connected with a starting power supply of the fuel system through a heater switch, the cooling liquid circulation pump is connected with the starting power supply of the fuel cell system through a circulation pump controller, the signal output ends of the cell stack temperature sensor and the cooling liquid temperature sensor are respectively connected with the signal input end of a cold starting preheating controller, and the control signal output end of the cold starting preheating controller is respectively connected with the heater switch and the circulation pump controller, the output end of a Battery Management System (BMS) of a starting power supply of the fuel cell system is also connected with the input end of a cold-start preheating controller, and a cold-start preheating switch is connected with the cold-start preheating controller; in order to facilitate the normal maintenance of the heater, a circulating liquid bypass pipe and a corresponding valve switch can be arranged near a circulating liquid container provided with the heater; the starting power supply of the fuel cell system is switched on by pressing the cold starting preheating switch, the cold starting preheating controller respectively receives the temperature in the fuel cell stack collected by the cell stack temperature sensor, the temperature of the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid container provided with the heater collected by the cooling liquid temperature sensor and the residual energy state of the starting power supply battery of the fuel cell system, and controls the heater and the cooling liquid circulating pump to work, the heater firstly heats the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid container, and the heated cooling liquid enters the fuel cell stack for heat exchange under the action of the cooling liquid circulating pump to preheat the fuel cell stack.
And a state indicator lamp is also arranged on the cold-start preheating switch and is connected with the cold-start preheating controller.
The method comprises the steps that a residual energy state threshold value, a fuel cell stack highest preheating temperature threshold value, a fuel cell stack lowest preheating temperature threshold value and a cooling liquid highest preheating temperature threshold value of a starting power supply battery of a fuel cell system are preset in a cold-starting preheating controller, and the cold-starting preheating controller controls a heater, a cooling liquid circulating pump and a state indicator lamp to work through four comparators and four logic AND gates; minimum fuel cell stack warm-up temperature threshold (T)fcll) And a temperature sensor (S) of the fuel cell stackTfc) The output signals are respectively used as first comparators (Op 1)) Positive and negative input terminals of; the residual energy state (Bsoc) of a starting power supply battery of the fuel cell system and a residual energy state threshold (Bsocl) of the starting power supply battery of the fuel cell system are respectively used as positive and negative input ends of a second comparator (Op 2); coolant temperature sensor (S)Tcl) Output signal and maximum coolant preheat temperature threshold (T)clhl) Respectively as positive and negative input terminals of a comparator three (Op 3); maximum fuel cell stack warm-up temperature threshold (T)fchl) And a fuel cell stack temperature sensor (S)Tfc) The output signals are respectively used as positive and negative input ends of a fourth comparator (Op 4); the output ends of the first comparator and the second comparator are respectively used as two input ends of a first logic AND gate (A1), the output ends of a cold start preheating switch (Ks) signal and a first logic AND gate are respectively used as two input ends of a second logic AND gate (A2), the output ends of a fourth comparator and a third comparator are respectively used as two input ends of a fourth logic AND gate (A4), the output ends of the second logic AND gate and the fourth comparator are respectively used as two input ends of a third logic AND gate (A3), the output end of the third logic AND gate is connected with a heater switch (K1), the output end of the fourth logic AND gate is connected with the input end of a circulating pump controller (K2), and the state indicator lamps are respectively connected with the output end of the second comparator, the output end of the second logic AND gate, the output end of the fourth comparator and the output end of the fourth logic AND gate.
The cold start preheating controller controls the heater, the cooling liquid circulating pump and the status indicator lamp to work through four comparators and four logic AND gates, and the specific process is as follows:
when the fuel cell system is cold-started under a cold condition, firstly, a cold-start preheating switch is pressed, the cold-start preheating switch sends out a logic signal for connecting a power supply of a control system, a cold-start preheating controller automatically detects the current temperature of a fuel cell stack through a cell stack temperature sensor and compares the current temperature with a minimum preheating temperature setting threshold value of the fuel cell stack, when the current temperature of the fuel cell stack is higher than the minimum preheating temperature setting threshold value of the fuel cell stack, a comparator outputs a low logic control signal to indicate that the fuel cell does not need any preheating at the moment, a state indicator lamp is set to firstly flash green for 3 to 5 times according to the corresponding control signal and then turns green, related operators are prompted, and the fuel cell system can be directly started according to a normal starting procedure; when the current temperature of the fuel cell stack is lower than the set threshold value of the lowest preheating temperature of the fuel cell stack, outputting a high logic control signal by a comparator I, and indicating that a fuel cell system needs to be preheated; meanwhile, the residual energy state value of the starting power supply battery of the fuel cell system is compared with the residual energy state threshold value of the starting power supply battery of the fuel cell system, when the residual energy state value of the starting power supply battery of the fuel cell system is lower than the residual energy state threshold value of the starting power supply battery of the fuel cell system, the second comparator outputs a low logic control signal which is simultaneously sent to the first logic AND gate and the state indicator lamp, and the state indicator lamp at the moment is red to indicate that the residual electric quantity of the starting power supply battery cannot meet the energy required by the preheating process, so that the preheating process cannot be directly started by the starting power supply battery at the moment; when the residual energy state value of the starting power supply battery of the fuel cell system is higher than the residual energy state threshold value of the starting power supply battery of the fuel cell system, the second comparator outputs a high logic control signal, and outputs a high logic signal together with the high logic signal output by the first comparator through the first logic AND gate, the high logic signal output by the first logic AND gate outputs a high logic control signal, namely a heater starting signal, together with the on logic signal of the cold starting preheating switch at the moment through the second logic AND gate, the heater starting signal is simultaneously transmitted to the state indicator lamp and the third logic AND gate, and the state indicator lamp at the moment is turned into yellow flicker to indicate that the preheating process is started, but whether the heater is immediately started or not needs to be judged next step;
when the fuel cell system is in cold start, if the current temperature of the fuel cell stack is lower than the minimum preheating temperature threshold of the fuel cell stack and naturally lower than the maximum preheating temperature threshold of the fuel cell stack, the comparator IV always outputs a high logic signal to indicate that no device is closed, and the maximum preheating temperature threshold of the fuel cell stack is the minimum operating temperature required when the fuel cell stack normally operates; comparing the current temperature of the fuel cell stack with the highest preheating temperature threshold value of the fuel cell stack through a fourth comparator, outputting a current state signal or a closing control signal of a holding switch, when the fourth comparator outputs a high logic signal, indicating that the current states of a heater switch and a circulating pump switch are kept or opening control signals of a heater and a circulating pump are allowed, and the high logic signal output by a second logic and gate and the high logic signal output by the fourth comparator pass through a third logic and gate together, so that the third logic and gate outputs a high logic signal to a heater switch, and the heater is opened to heat cooling liquid; only when the comparator IV outputs a low logic signal, the heater and the circulating pump are closed through the logic AND gate III, the logic AND gate IV, the heater switch and the circulating pump controller respectively, and at the moment, the cold start preheating switch is also automatically closed;
when the temperature of the cooling liquid is lower than the maximum preheating temperature threshold value of the cooling liquid, the third comparator outputs a low logic signal, even if the fourth comparator outputs a high logic signal, the fourth logic and gate still outputs a low logic signal to the circulating pump controller, so that the circulating pump is in a closed state; only when the temperature of the cooling liquid continuously rises to be higher than the highest preheating temperature threshold value of the cooling liquid in the heating process, the third comparator outputs a high logic signal, the high logic signal and the high logic signal output by the fourth comparator send the high logic signal to the circulating pump controller through the logic AND gate, the circulating pump is started, the heated cooling liquid circulates into the fuel cell stack to preheat the whole fuel cell stack, the logic AND gate simultaneously sends a control logic signal to the state indicator lamp, and the state indicator lamp sends a slow red flashing signal to indicate that the fuel cell stack is being preheated;
when the internal temperature of the fuel cell stack is heated to exceed the maximum preheating temperature threshold value of the fuel cell stack, the fourth comparator immediately sends low logic signals to the third logic AND gate and the fourth logic AND gate, and respectively sends closing instructions to the heater switch and the circulating pump controller through the third logic AND gate and the fourth logic AND gate, and simultaneously immediately closes the heater and the circulating pump, and at the moment, the cold-start preheating switch is automatically closed; meanwhile, the logic AND gate IV also sends a closing signal to the status indicator lamp, so that the status indicator lamp firstly sends out 3 to 5 times of slow green flashing and simultaneously sends out 3 to 5 times of sound, then the status indicator lamp is changed into green, and the operator is prompted to finish the preheating process of the whole fuel cell stack.
The invention has the advantages that:
1) the invention is rapid, efficient, safe and reliable
The invention uses the heated circulating cooling liquid to directly heat the interior of the fuel cell stack. This heating can make the entire fuel cell stack interior heat up uniformly. The invention can also perform real-time monitoring and safety protection on the power supply battery through starting a Battery Management System (BMS) of the power supply. In addition, the fuel cell stack does not need to be warmed up in warm climates, but the warm-up system does not turn on the heater after automatically detecting the relevant temperature and comparing the temperature with the relevant value to judge if the warm-up button is pressed by mistake due to careless misoperation of an operator. In this case, the status indicator lamp in the preheat switch will send out 3 to 5 rapid green flashes, then the indicator lamp goes out, indicating to the operator that the fuel cell stack can be started directly according to normal operating procedures without any preheating. In addition, the invention can avoid the misoperation possibly caused by complicated manual inspection and judgment under various conditions during cold start. Therefore, the invention has the characteristics of quick and simple operation, stable and uniform heating, high efficiency, energy conservation, safety, reliability and the like.
2) The invention has simple operation and strong practicability.
The invention only needs to press the cold start preheating switch arranged on the main operation control panel of the fuel cell automobile, and the operation system immediately and automatically judges whether the heater needs to be switched on to preheat the fuel spot cell stack. According to the automatic judgment result, if the fuel cell stack does not need to be preheated, the state indicator lamp arranged on the cold start preheating switch can emit corresponding green flashing to prompt relevant operators that the fuel cell stack does not need to be preheated. If the judgment result shows that the fuel cell stack needs to be preheated, the heater and the cooling liquid circulating pump are automatically switched on to preheat the fuel cell stack. When the temperature of the fuel cell stack rises to the lowest working temperature required by cold start, the controller automatically turns off the heater and the circulating pump, prompts related operators, finishes the cold start preheating process and can start a fuel cell system or a fuel cell automobile according to a normal program. Therefore, the invention is 'one-key operation', and has the advantages of simplicity, convenience, intellectualization and strong practicability.
3) The invention has wide applicability
Although the present invention is described with reference to the warm-up principle and function in cold start of a fuel cell stack for a fuel cell vehicle, the operation principle of the present invention is also applicable to automatic warm-up control in cold start of all other types of fuel cell systems using liquid cooling under cold conditions. Therefore, the invention has wide applicability.
4) The invention has high flexibility
The invention is suitable for fuel cell systems of different brands and different specifications produced by different fuel cell manufacturers. The fuel cell manufacturer can use the present invention to warm up its fuel cell stack during cold start by simply adjusting the settings of each of the corresponding threshold parameters set forth in the control system described above based on the specifics of the fuel cell stack being produced. And therefore has a high flexibility.
5) The invention has high integration level
The control function of the invention can realize preheating through a single preheating control subsystem and a preheating control switch arranged on a main operation control panel, and can also integrate the corresponding control function into the control function of a main controller of the fuel cell system, and realize the control function through corresponding embedded control software. Therefore, the integration degree of the whole control system is higher.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a general schematic diagram of a liquid cooling system in a conventional fuel cell system.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the system architecture of the present invention. The left lower dotted square box shows the main structural components required by the invention, and the components existing in the fuel cell system are arranged outside the dotted square box.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the control logic of the system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to solve the technical problem that the performance, the service life and the like of a fuel cell stack are adversely affected due to low temperature when a fuel cell is cold-started under an extremely cold condition, in general, many fuel cell manufacturers directly add an external heater outside the fuel cell stack, and switch on the heater to heat the fuel cell stack when preheating is needed. Since such an external heater is heated from the outside of the fuel cell stack, it takes time to transfer heat from the outside to the inside of the fuel cell stack, and the heating inside the fuel cell stack is not uniform. Therefore, the method has the disadvantages of low efficiency, long heating time, difficulty in accurately controlling the heating temperature and the like.
A fuel cell system having a large capacity generally employs liquid cooling, and a basic configuration of the liquid cooling system is, as shown in fig. 1, constituted by a liquid cooling circulation system portion, an external heat radiation portion for radiating heat in a coolant to the outside through a heat exchanger, and the like.
The theoretical basis is as follows:
in extremely cold weather conditions, when the fuel cell system is started in a cold state, the fuel cell stack 1 should be preheated properly to meet the corresponding operating condition requirements of the fuel cell stack 1 as much as possible, so as to ensure that the operating performance and the service life of the fuel cell stack are not affected by low temperature. The following briefly explains the relevant theoretical basis for heat exchange or heat conduction and temperature change during the heating of the fuel cell stack 1.
Generally, when heat is exchanged or transferred inside an object, the temperature of the object is changed. The relationship between the temperature change and the heat quantity is determined by the following equation (1).
Q＝CpM(Tf-Ti) (1)
In the above formula (1), Q is the amount of heat absorbed or released by the object during heat exchange or transfer, and the international unit is joule (J); cPIs the specific thermal capacity of the object, in international units of joules/(kg. degree centigrade) (J/(kg. ℃)); m is the mass of the object, and the international unit is kilogram (kg); t isfIs the final temperature of the object after absorbing or emitting heat, and the international unit is centigrade (DEG C); t isiIs the initial temperature of the object before it absorbs or gives off heat, in international units of degrees celsius (c).
In the preheating system, the cooling liquid of the fuel system is appropriately heated, and then the heated cooling liquid is circulated into the cooling pipe 3 inside the fuel cell stack 1 by the cooling liquid circulating pump 2, so that the whole fuel cell stack is uniformly heated from the inside. The temperature changes caused by the heat during the heat transfer of the cooling liquid and the fuel cell stack follow the quantitative relationship described by equation (1). The method comprises the following specific steps:
when heat is transferred to the fuel cell stack from the heated cooling liquid inside the fuel cell stack, the temperature change of the fuel cell stack is determined by the following formula (2).
Qfc＝CpfcMfc(Tffc-Tifc) (2)
In the above formula (2), QfcIs the total heat (J) absorbed by the fuel cell stack during warm-up; cpfcIs the thermal specific capacity (J/(kg. ℃) of the fuel cell stack, which is determined by the material properties of the fuel cell stack; mfcIs the total mass (kg) of the fuel cell stack; t isffcThe temperature (DEG C) of the fuel cell stack after preheating is generally determined by the lowest temperature requirement when the fuel cell stack normally works; t isifcThe temperature (c) before the fuel cell stack is warmed up is generally determined by the ambient temperature of the location where the fuel cell stack is cold started.
When heat is transferred from the heater 4 to the cooling liquid inside the cooling cycle system, the temperature change of the cooling liquid is determined by the following formula (3).
Qcl＝CpclMcl(Tfcl-Ticl) (3)
In the above formula (3), QclIs the total heat (J) absorbed by the cooling liquid during heating by the heater; cpclIs the specific thermal capacity (J/(kg. ℃) of the cooling liquid, which is determined by the properties of the cooling liquid material used in the cooling circulation system; mclIs the total mass (kg) of the heated cooling liquid; t isfclIs the temperature (deg.C) of the cooling liquid after it has been heated; t isiclThe temperature (c) of the cooling liquid before it is heated is generally determined by the ambient temperature of the location where the fuel cell stack is cold started.
Both the above formula (2) and formula (3) are derived from formula (1).
Temperature change deltaT of cooling liquid during heatingclThe following equation (4) is used to calculate.
ΔTcl＝Tfcl-Ticl (4)
Temperature change deltaT of cooling liquid during heatingclThe temperature control method is characterized in that the temperature control method is determined by comprehensively considering a plurality of factors such as the capacity of the fuel cell stack, the lowest environment temperature, the requirement of the lowest working temperature of the fuel cell stack, the requirement of the cold start time and the heating speed of the fuel cell system, the efficiency optimization of the whole cold start preheating system and the like, and the delta T in the preheating process is optimally controlled by the circulating speed and the efficiency of the circulating pumpclThe relative stable value is kept as much as possible, so that the preheating process of the fuel cell stack is stable, uniform, efficient and safe.
When the electric heater heats the circulating coolant, the amount of heat emitted from the heater can be calculated according to joule's law described by the following equation (5):
in the above formula (5), Qe is the amount of heat generated when the heater is energized for heating, and the international unit is joule (J); v is the terminal voltage of the heater, and the international unit is Ford (V); r is the resistance of the heater, and the international unit is ohm (omega); t is the heating time and the international unit is seconds(s). Wherein the voltage V is generally determined by a battery voltage of a starting power source of the fuel cell system, or is separately designed as needed. And the resistance R of the heater is generally calculated by ohm's law in the following equation (6).
In the above formula (6), R is the resistance (Ω) of the heater; v is the terminal voltage (V) of the heater; i is the current of the heater and international units are amperes (a). The heater current I is generally determined comprehensively by factors such as a current allowable value of a starting power supply cell in the fuel cell system and a heating time requirement of the fuel cell stack.
The actual energy loss of the entire process when the heat generated from the heater is transferred to the inside of the fuel cell stack through the circulating coolant should be considered in the entire warm-up process. Assuming that the efficiency of energy exchange and transfer of the entire preheating system is η, the efficiency η varies depending on the fuel cell stack, the circulating coolant, and the like, and is generally measured experimentally by the fuel cell system manufacturer. Therefore, the time required for the entire preheating configuration is calculated from the following equation (7) by combining the above equations (2), (5), and (6).
The cold start preheating and control system has simple structure, the basic structure and the principle are shown in figure 2, and only a heater 4, a cold start controller 5, a cold start preheating switch 6 and a heater container 7 are needed to be arranged in the existing fuel cell cooling liquid circulation system. In addition, a coolant bypass line 14 and corresponding valve switch 15 may be installed near the tank 7 where the heater is installed, so that the bypass line valve may be opened while the heater is closed when the heater is not needed in warm conditions or when the heater needs maintenanceValves at the inlet and outlet of the vessel allow coolant to flow directly into the fuel cell stack through the bypass line without passing through the heater vessel. First, a coolant container 7 of an appropriate capacity is installed on a coolant circulation pipe as close as possible to a coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack 1, and a heater 4 is installed inside the container, and a coolant temperature detection sensor 8 is installed in the container (S)Tcl) Detecting in real time the temperature T of the cooling liquid in the containercl. Therefore, on one hand, the heater 4 and the cooling liquid can be protected from overheating, and on the other hand, the on/off of the circulating pump and the flow rate of the cooling liquid can be effectively adjusted and controlled according to the actual temperature change of the cooling liquid detected by the temperature sensor 8, so that the energy consumption in the preheating process is reduced as much as possible.
The cold start preheating switch 6 can be installed on the operation control panel of the fuel cell vehicle for easy operation. The fuel cell system operator or the fuel cell automobile driver can automatically judge whether the fuel cell stack needs to be preheated only by pressing the cold start preheating switch. When the fuel cell stack needs to be preheated, the heater 4 and the cooling liquid circulating pump 2 are automatically switched on to preheat the fuel cell stack. When the internal temperature T of the fuel cell stackfcWhen the temperature rises to the lowest temperature required by normal work, the controller immediately and automatically turns off the heater and the circulating pump, prompts related operators, finishes the cold start preheating process and can start a fuel cell system or a fuel cell automobile according to a normal program.
Therefore, the basic principle of the fuel cell stack warm-up and control system is that the warm-up control system power is automatically turned on first when the cold start warm-up switch 6(Ks) is pressed. The control system is then controlled by the temperature sensor 9 of the fuel cell stack 1 (S)Tfc) Detected current temperature T of the fuel cell stack 1fcAnd starting the remaining capacity B of the power supply batterysocAutomatically comparing with the set value of the relevant threshold value and making a judgment. If the preheating starting condition is met, the controller sends out a corresponding control command to the heater control switch, the power supply of the heater is switched on, and the cooling liquid is heated firstly. When the cooling liquid is heated to a certain temperature, the controller starts the cooling liquid circulating pump, and the heated cooling liquid is circulated to a cooling pipeline in the fuel cell stack to heat the whole fuel cell stack from the inside. The lowest temperature required when the fuel cell stack is heated to normal operation, i.e., the maximum stack warm-up temperature TfchlWhen the controller sends out a corresponding control command, the heater and the cooling liquid circulating pump are immediately and automatically closed, and the cold start preheating switch 6(Ks) is also automatically closed at the moment. And meanwhile, a corresponding signal is sent to a state indicator lamp arranged in the preheating switch to prompt an operator that the whole preheating process is finished.
During the whole low-temperature cold start preheating process, the controller automatically judges whether the heater and the coolant circulating pump need to be switched on or not according to the actual temperature of the fuel cell stack and the actual temperature of the coolant and the battery remaining energy obtained by a Battery Management System (BMS) inside the starting power supply. And all other components in the cooling system of the whole fuel cell, such as a compressor, a cooling fan and the like in an external heat dissipation system, are always in a closed state, so that the energy consumption and waste in the whole cold start preheating process can be reduced.
The basic structure of the automatic warm-up and control system at the time of the cold start at low temperature is as shown in fig. 2. The control logic function of the cold start preheat controller is shown in fig. 3.
When the fuel cell system is cold-started in a cold condition, the cold start preheating switch 6(Ks) mounted on the operation control board is first pressed, the cold start preheating switch 6(Ks) sends a switch-on logic signal, and the power supply of the control system is first switched on. The controller passes through the temperature sensor 9 of the fuel cell stack 1 (S)Tfc) Automatic detection of the current temperature T of the fuel cell stack 1fcAnd the set threshold value T of the lowest starting preheating temperature of the fuel cell stackfcllA comparison is made. T isfcllThe value of (a) should be preset by its manufacturer before product shipment according to the specific operating performance requirements of the fuel cell. When the current temperature T of the fuel cell stackfcAbove its minimum starting preheating temperature threshold TfcllAt the time of the above-mentioned operation,comparator one Op1 will output a low logic control signal of 0 indicating that the fuel cell does not require any warm-up at this time. At this time, the status indicator lamp 10 installed in the preheating start switch 6 may be set to green flashing 3 to 5 times according to the corresponding control signal, and then the indicator lamp is turned off to prompt the relevant operator, and the fuel cell system or the fuel cell vehicle may be started directly according to the normal start program without preheating. In this case, the heater and the circulation pump will remain off regardless of other control signals. Only when the temperature T of the fuel cell stackfcIs lower than the lowest starting preheating temperature threshold value TfcllAt this time, comparator one Op1 will output a high logic control signal 1 indicating that the fuel cell needs to be warmed up. At the same time, the power supply battery remaining capacity state value B obtained in the Battery Management System (BMS) of the fuel cell system starting power supply 11 is also requiredsocAnd a starting power supply battery residual energy state threshold value B in the preheating starting controllersoclA comparison is made. Threshold value B of residual energy state of starting power supply batterysoclPreset by its manufacturer according to the total electric energy required for starting the whole fuel cell system or fuel cell vehicle, and the value BsoclThe height should be set as high as possible to ensure that the fuel cell system or the fuel cell vehicle has enough starting electric energy in any state, and also to prevent the power supply cell from being deeply discharged due to preheating the fuel cell stack under cold conditions, thereby affecting the service life of the power supply cell. When the remaining energy state value B of the power batterysocBelow its residual energy state threshold BsoclAt this time, the comparator two Op2 will output a low logic control signal 0, and send this low logic signal to the logic and gate one a1 and the status indicator lamp 10 at the same time, and at this time, the status indicator lamp 10 first sends out 3 to 5 rapid red flashing signals, and then turns red, which indicates that the remaining capacity of the power supply battery at this time cannot meet the electric energy required by the whole preheating process. In this case, the battery of the starting power supply is either charged first and then the preheating is started, or the preheating process is started directly by means of an external power supply. When the remaining energy state value B of the power batterysocAbove its residual energyVolume state threshold BsoclAt this time, the comparator two Op2 will output a high logic control signal 1, and together with the high logic signal 1 output by the comparator one Op1 at this time, output a high logic signal 1 through the logic and gate one a 1. The high logic signal 1 output by the first logic and gate a1 at this time passes through the second logic and gate a2 together with the on logic signal 1 of the preheat switch at this time, and the second logic and gate a2 sends out the high logic control signal 1, i.e., the heater on signal. The heater turn-on signal is simultaneously supplied to status indicator light 10 and to logical and gate three a 3. The indicator lamp at this time turns yellow to blink, indicating that the warm-up routine has started, but the heater 4 at this time is not necessarily immediately turned on, and the following further judgment is required.
In general, if the temperature T of the fuel cell stack 1 is low at the time of cold start of the fuel electric systemfcBelow the minimum preheating temperature threshold T of the fuel cell stackfcllNaturally, then also lower than its maximum preheating temperature threshold Tfchl. So that comparator four Op4 now always outputs a high logic signal 1 indicating that no device is turned off. Maximum preheating temperature threshold T of fuel cell stackfchlIt should be the minimum operating temperature required for the normal operation of the fuel cell stack, which is preset by the manufacturer thereof, and set as low as possible to reduce the power consumption of the starting power supply cell at the time of warm-up. The control system also needs to determine the temperature T of the fuel cell stack at the same time of the automatic judgmentfcAnd a maximum preheating temperature threshold T of the fuel cell stackfchlThe comparison is made by the comparator four Op4, outputting either the "hold switch present state signal" or the "close control signal". It is to be noted here that, in the present logic control system, when the comparator four Op4 outputs the high logic signal 1, it indicates that the existing states of the heater switch 12 and the circulation pump controller 13 are maintained or the on control signals of the respective switches are allowed. Therefore, the high logic signal 1 output by the logic and gate two a2 at this time and the high logic signal 1 output by the comparator four Op4 at this time pass through the logic and gate three A3, so that the logic and gate three a outputs the high logic signal 1 to the preheating heater switch K1, and the heater is turned on to heat the cooling liquid. Only when the comparator four Op4 outputs a low logicWhen the signal 0, i.e., the off signal, is asserted, the heater 4 and the coolant circulation pump 2 are turned off through the logic and gate three A3 and the logic and gate four a4, the heater switch 12(K1), and the circulation pump controller 13(K2), respectively. The cold start preheat switch 6(Ks) will also automatically close at this time.
A coolant temperature sensor 8 installed near the heater 4 during heating of the coolant by the heater 4 (S)Tcl) Continuously supplying the temperature T of the cooling liquid near the heaterclDetecting in real time and comparing with the threshold value T of the highest temperature of the cooling liquidclhlA real-time comparison is performed. The highest temperature threshold T of the cooling liquidclhlAnd is also set in advance as appropriate by the fuel cell system manufacturer as needed. When the temperature of the cooling liquid TclLower than the maximum preheating temperature threshold T of the cooling liquidclhlAt this time, the comparator three Op3 will output a low logic signal 0. Even if the comparator four Op4 outputs a high logic signal 1, the logic and gate four a4 still outputs a low logic signal 0 to the circulation pump controller 13, and thus the circulation pump is in the off state. The control mode aims to shorten the starting time of the circulating pump as much as possible, so as to reduce the energy consumption of the starting power supply battery and improve the whole preheating efficiency. Only when the temperature of the cooling liquid TclContinuously rising to a temperature higher than the highest preheating temperature threshold T of the cooling liquid in the heating processclhlThen, the comparator three Op3 will output a high logic signal 1, and together with the high logic signal 1 output by the comparator four Op4, the high logic signal 1 is passed through the logic and gate four a4, so that the logic and gate four a4 outputs a high logic signal 1 to the circulation pump controller 13, and the circulation pump 2 is turned on to circulate the heated coolant to the inside of the fuel cell stack 1 to warm up the whole fuel cell stack. The logic and gate four a4 also sends a control logic signal 1 to the status indicator light 10 which signals a red flash indicating that the fuel cell stack is being warmed up.
When the internal temperature T of the fuel cell stackfcThe heated circulating cooling liquid is heated to exceed the maximum preheating temperature threshold T of the fuel cell stackfchlAt this time, the comparator four Op4 immediately outputs a low logic signal 0, i.e., a close signal, to the logic and gate three A3 and the logic and gate four a4, and passes through the two signalsThe individual logic and gates send the off command 0 to the heater switch 12(K1) and the circulation pump controller 13(K2), respectively, while immediately turning off the heater 4 and the circulation pump 2. The cold start preheat switch 6(Ks) will also automatically close at this time. At the same time, the and gate four a4 also sends an off signal to the status indicator light 10, so that the status indicator light 10 first emits 3 to 5 slow green flashes and simultaneously emits 3 to 5 beeps, and then the indicator light turns green, which prompts the relevant operator that the entire fuel cell stack preheating process is complete, and the fuel cell system can be started according to the normal procedure.
Claims (4)
1. Automatic preheating control system when fuel cell system cold start, its characterized in that: the system comprises a fuel cell cooling liquid circulating system, a heater, a starting power supply of the fuel cell system, a cold start preheating controller and a cold start preheating switch, wherein the fuel cell cooling liquid circulating system comprises a fuel cell stack, a cooling pipeline and a cooling liquid circulating pump which are arranged in the fuel cell stack; a cooling liquid container is arranged at the position close to the inlet of the cooling liquid of the fuel cell stack, the inlet of the cooling liquid container is connected with a cooling liquid circulating pump, the fuel cell stack is internally provided with a stack temperature sensor, the cooling liquid container is internally provided with a heater and the cooling liquid temperature sensor, the heater is connected with the starting power supply of the fuel cell system through a heater switch, the cooling liquid circulating pump is connected with the starting power supply of the fuel cell system through a circulating pump controller, the signal output ends of the stack temperature sensor and the cooling liquid temperature sensor are respectively connected with the signal input end of a cold-starting preheating controller, the control signal output end of the cold-starting preheating controller is respectively connected with the heater switch and the circulating pump controller, the output end of the cell management system of the starting power supply of the fuel cell system is also connected with the input end of the cold-starting preheating controller, the cold start preheating switch is connected with the cold start preheating controller; the starting power supply of the fuel cell system is switched on by pressing the cold starting preheating switch, the cold starting preheating controller respectively receives the temperature in the fuel cell stack collected by the cell stack temperature sensor, the temperature of the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid container collected by the cooling liquid temperature sensor and the battery residual energy state of the starting power supply of the fuel cell system, and controls the heater and the cooling liquid circulating pump to work, the heater firstly heats the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid container, and the heated cooling liquid enters the fuel cell stack for heat exchange under the action of the cooling liquid circulating pump to preheat the fuel cell stack.
2. The automatic warm-up control system at the time of cold start of a fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a state indicator lamp is also arranged on the cold-start preheating switch and is connected with the cold-start preheating controller.
3. The automatic warm-up control system at the time of cold start of a fuel cell system according to claim 2, characterized in that: setting a residual energy state threshold value, a fuel cell stack highest preheating temperature threshold value, a fuel cell stack lowest preheating temperature threshold value and a cooling liquid highest preheating temperature threshold value of a starting power supply battery of the fuel cell system in the cold-starting preheating controller, wherein the cold-starting preheating controller controls a heater, a cooling liquid circulating pump and a state indicator lamp to work through four comparators and four logic AND gates; the lowest preheating temperature threshold of the fuel cell stack and the output signal of the cell stack temperature sensor are respectively used as the positive input end and the negative input end of a first comparator; the residual energy state of the starting power supply battery of the fuel cell system and the residual energy state threshold value of the starting power supply battery of the fuel cell system are respectively used as positive and negative input ends of a second comparator; the output signal of the cooling liquid temperature sensor and the maximum preheating temperature threshold of the cooling liquid are respectively used as the positive input end and the negative input end of a comparator III; the maximum preheating temperature threshold of the fuel cell stack and the output signal of the cell stack temperature sensor are respectively used as the positive input end and the negative input end of a comparator IV; the output ends of the first comparator and the second comparator are respectively used as two input ends of the first logic AND gate, the output ends of the cold start preheating switch signal and the first logic AND gate are respectively used as two input ends of the second logic AND gate, the output ends of the fourth comparator and the third comparator are respectively used as two input ends of the fourth logic AND gate, the output ends of the second logic AND gate and the fourth comparator are respectively used as two input ends of the third logic AND gate, the output end of the third logic AND gate is connected with the heater switch, the output end of the fourth logic AND gate is connected with the input end of the circulating pump controller, and the state indicator lamps are respectively connected with the output end of the second comparator, the output end of the second logic AND gate, the output end of the fourth comparator and the output end of the fourth logic AND gate.
4. The automatic warm-up control system at the time of cold start of a fuel cell system according to claim 2, characterized in that: the cold start preheating controller controls the heater, the cooling liquid circulating pump and the status indicator lamp to work through four comparators and four logic AND gates, and the specific process is as follows:
when the fuel cell system is cold-started under a cold condition, firstly, a cold-start preheating switch is pressed, the cold-start preheating switch sends out a logic signal for connecting a power supply of a control system, a cold-start preheating controller automatically detects the current temperature of a fuel cell stack through a cell stack temperature sensor and compares the current temperature with a minimum preheating temperature setting threshold value of the fuel cell stack, when the current temperature of the fuel cell stack is higher than the minimum preheating temperature setting threshold value of the fuel cell stack, a comparator outputs a low logic control signal to indicate that the fuel cell does not need any preheating at the moment, a state indicator lamp is set to firstly flash green for 3 to 5 times according to the corresponding control signal and then turns green, related operators are prompted, and the fuel cell system is directly started according to a normal starting program; when the current temperature of the fuel cell stack is lower than the set threshold value of the lowest preheating temperature of the fuel cell stack, outputting a high logic control signal by a comparator I, and indicating that a fuel cell system needs to be preheated; meanwhile, the residual energy state value of the starting power supply battery of the fuel cell system is compared with the residual energy state threshold value of the starting power supply battery of the fuel cell system, when the residual energy state value of the starting power supply battery of the fuel cell system is lower than the residual energy state threshold value of the starting power supply battery of the fuel cell system, the second comparator outputs a low logic control signal, the low logic control signal is simultaneously sent to a logic AND gate I and a state indicator lamp, and the state indicator lamp at the moment is changed into red to indicate that the residual electric quantity of the starting power supply battery of the fuel cell system cannot meet the energy required by the preheating process, so the starting power supply battery of the fuel cell system at the moment cannot be directly used for starting the preheating process; when the residual energy state value of the starting power supply battery of the fuel cell system is higher than the residual energy state threshold value of the starting power supply battery of the fuel cell system, the second comparator outputs a high logic control signal, and outputs a high logic signal together with the high logic signal output by the first comparator through the first logic AND gate, the high logic signal output by the first logic AND gate outputs a high logic control signal, namely a heater starting signal, together with the on logic signal of the cold starting preheating switch at the moment through the second logic AND gate, the heater starting signal is simultaneously sent to the state indicator lamp and the third logic AND gate, and the state indicator lamp at the moment turns into yellow flicker to indicate that the preheating process is started, but whether the heater is immediately started or not needs to be judged next step;
when the fuel cell system is in cold start, if the current temperature of the fuel cell stack is lower than the minimum preheating temperature threshold of the fuel cell stack and naturally lower than the maximum preheating temperature threshold of the fuel cell stack, the comparator IV always outputs a high logic signal to indicate that no device is closed, and the maximum preheating temperature threshold of the fuel cell stack is the minimum operating temperature required when the fuel cell stack normally operates; comparing the current temperature of the fuel cell stack with the highest preheating temperature threshold value of the fuel cell stack through a fourth comparator, outputting a current state signal or a closing control signal of a holding switch, when the fourth comparator outputs a high logic signal, indicating that the current states of a heater switch and a circulating pump switch are kept or opening control signals of a heater and a circulating pump are allowed, and the high logic signal output by a second logic and gate and the high logic signal output by the fourth comparator pass through a third logic and gate together, so that the third logic and gate outputs a high logic signal to a heater switch, and the heater is opened to heat cooling liquid; only when the comparator IV outputs a low logic signal, the heater and the circulating pump are turned off through the logic AND gate III, the logic AND gate IV, the heater switch and the circulating pump controller respectively;
when the temperature of the cooling liquid is lower than the maximum preheating temperature threshold value of the cooling liquid, the third comparator outputs a low logic signal, even if the fourth comparator outputs a high logic signal, the fourth logic and gate still outputs a low logic signal to the circulating pump controller, so that the circulating pump is in a closed state; only when the temperature of the cooling liquid continuously rises to be higher than the highest preheating temperature threshold value of the cooling liquid in the heating process, the third comparator outputs a high logic signal, and outputs the high logic signal to a circulating pump controller together with the high logic signal output by the fourth comparator at the moment through the logic AND gate, the circulating pump is started, the heated cooling liquid circulates into the fuel cell stack to preheat the whole fuel cell stack, the logic AND gate simultaneously sends a control logic signal to a state indicator lamp, and the state indicator lamp sends a slow red flashing signal to indicate that the fuel cell stack is being preheated; when the internal temperature of the fuel cell stack is heated to exceed the maximum preheating temperature threshold value of the fuel cell stack, the comparator IV immediately outputs low logic signals to the logic AND gate III and the logic AND gate IV, and respectively sends closing instructions to the heater switch and the circulating pump controller through the logic AND gate III and the logic AND gate IV, and simultaneously immediately closes the heater and the circulating pump, and the cold start preheating switch is automatically closed; meanwhile, the logic AND gate IV also sends a closing signal to the status indicator lamp, so that the status indicator lamp firstly sends out 3 to 5 times of slow green flashing and simultaneously sends out 3 to 5 times of sound, then the status indicator lamp is changed into green, and the operator is prompted to finish the preheating process of the whole fuel cell stack.
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| DE102021210193A1 (en) | 2021-09-15 | 2023-03-16 | Psa Automobiles Sa | Vehicle with high-voltage battery and fuel cell in cold outside temperatures |
| CN117117251A (en) * | 2023-09-21 | 2023-11-24 | 北京理工大学 | Fuel cell heating technology and temperature control method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| DE102021210193A1 (en) | 2021-09-15 | 2023-03-16 | Psa Automobiles Sa | Vehicle with high-voltage battery and fuel cell in cold outside temperatures |
| CN117117251A (en) * | 2023-09-21 | 2023-11-24 | 北京理工大学 | Fuel cell heating technology and temperature control method |
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