CN113178270A - Reactor core melt grouping catcher - Google Patents
Reactor core melt grouping catcher Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113178270A CN113178270A CN202110279304.6A CN202110279304A CN113178270A CN 113178270 A CN113178270 A CN 113178270A CN 202110279304 A CN202110279304 A CN 202110279304A CN 113178270 A CN113178270 A CN 113178270A
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- melt
- temperature resistant
- ceramic shell
- resistant ceramic
- sipping
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C9/00—Emergency protection arrangements structurally associated with the reactor, e.g. safety valves provided with pressure equalisation devices
- G21C9/016—Core catchers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Structure Of Emergency Protection For Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear safety control, and relates to a reactor core melt grouping catcher. The group catcher comprises a double-layer spherical shell structure consisting of a high-temperature resistant ceramic shell and a metal inner container, wherein a fully-sealed hollow structure is formed inside the metal inner container and is used for catching the reactor core melt through a main melt sipping channel and an auxiliary melt sipping channel which are formed on the high-temperature ceramic shell; the area of the main melt sipping channel is larger than the area of the auxiliary melt sipping channel, and a certain included angle alpha is formed between the axis of the main melt sipping channel and the axis of the auxiliary melt sipping channel. By using the reactor core melt grouping catcher, the reactor core melt grouping can be caught by the independent container.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear safety control, and relates to a reactor core melt grouping catcher.
Background
After a serious accident of a Sanriema and a Chernobeli nuclear power station, the nuclear power boundary starts to concentrate strength to research and attack the prevention and consequence alleviation of the serious accident, and various conclusions clearly define the requirements on the aspects of preventing and alleviating the serious accident, improving the safety and reliability, improving the human factor engineering and the like. When a pressurized water reactor nuclear power station has a serious accident, the loss of the waste heat discharging means of the reactor core can evaporate and exhaust the coolant, the reactor core is exposed and continuously heated, the fuel elements are melted due to the loss of cooling, the molten reactor core falls into the lower cavity of the pressure vessel (RPV), the lower seal head of the pressure vessel is failed, and if effective measures cannot be taken to cool the pressure vessel, the molten reactor core can melt through the pressure vessel. After the pressure vessel is melted through, the melt is directly sprayed onto the raft foundation of the containment vessel to interact with structural concrete (MCCI), the raft foundation of the containment vessel is gradually eroded downwards at a higher speed within a certain time, if the thickness of the raft foundation is insufficient, the bottom plate can be melted through, the integrity of the containment vessel is damaged, and then radioactive substances directly enter soil to cause serious influence on the environment. To avoid the release of large-scale radioactive materials by the core melt, the associated design of the core catcher has gradually emerged.
At present, aiming at serious accidents, the cooling and collecting strategies of the reactor core melt can be mainly divided into two strategies: cooling and holding (IVR) of the melt in the pressure vessel, adopted in the model AP1000 design in the united states; outside pressure vessel smelt cooling and collection (EVR) was employed in the WWER1000 model in russia and the EPR model in france. The WWER1000 model adopts a 'crucible' type reactor core catcher, which is an independent container structure positioned at the lower part of a pressure container and mainly comprises a lower bottom plate, sacrificial materials and a fan-shaped heat exchanger. The EPR type adopts "spreading" formula reactor core catcher, and under the severe accident condition, the reactor core forms flowable liquid melt, directly flows into the reactor pit, and the melt reacts with pit sacrificial concrete under the high temperature effect, melts sacrificial concrete gradually, reaches the function of primary cooling, collection melt.
Regarding the research of the reactor core catcher, the foreign starting is early, and the related patents are disclosed more and more importantly as follows: US4,113,560 (university of massachusetts america, 1978) may be considered a design prototype for EVR; US4,280,872 (french atomic energy agency, 1981) promoted the EVR technique to the level of engineering application; US4,342,621 (1982) proposes the use of heat pipe technology for EVR; US4,412,969 (department of energy, usa, 1983) first proposed the concept of IVR. Furthermore, US4,442,065, US5,263,066, US5,343,506, US6,353,651, US7,558,360, US8,358,732 also disclose related art.
The research on the reactor core catcher in China is gradually increased after the WWER nuclear power system is introduced from Russia, and a series of patents are formed after the American AP1000 nuclear power technology is introduced. Such patents applied by the applicant in china at home and abroad include: CN200410031091.1 (russian application, 2007) relates to a lining positioning and cooling system for a damaged LWR nuclear reactor, i.e., EVR solution by WWER; CN201010529073.1 (twenty-three construction company, 2010) is a patent technology formed by the applicant in the WWER construction process, and relates to an installation method of a reactor core catcher of a nuclear power station; CN201080068588.4 (korean hydraulic atomic power corporation, 2010) relates to a core catcher having an integrated cooling channel, which is mainly directed to cooling of a melt-covered floor; CN201310005308.0, CN201310005342.8, CN201310005579.6, CN201310264749.2, CN201320007203.4, CN201320007218.0, CN201320007347.x, and CN20132000752.2 (shanghai nuclear engineering research and design institute) are EVR technologies gradually formed by the applicant in the AP1000 introduction digestion absorption and CAP1400 design process, and respectively relate to a large passive nuclear power plant core catcher with bottom water injection and external cooling, a large passive pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant crucible type core catcher, a large passive pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant core catcher with a melt expansion chamber, a device combining the molten material reactor inside and outside of the large passive nuclear power plant, a large passive pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant core catcher with a melt expansion chamber, a large passive pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant core catcher, a device combining the molten material reactor inside and outside of the large passive nuclear power plant and a large passive nuclear power plant core catcher with bottom water injection and external cooling.
However, none of the above-mentioned patents relating to core catcher consider the use of separate vessels for catching the core melt groups.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a reactor core melt grouping catcher, which can catch core melt grouping through an independent container.
In order to achieve the purpose, in a basic embodiment, the invention provides a reactor core melt grouping catcher, which comprises a double-layer spherical shell structure formed by a high-temperature resistant ceramic shell and a metal inner container,
a fully sealed hollow structure is formed inside the metal liner and is used for trapping the reactor core melt through a main melt sipping channel and an auxiliary melt sipping channel which are formed on the high-temperature ceramic shell;
the area of the main melt sipping channel is larger than the area of the auxiliary melt sipping channel, and a certain included angle alpha is formed between the axis of the main melt sipping channel and the axis of the auxiliary melt sipping channel.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a reactor core melt grouping catcher, wherein the material of the high-temperature resistant ceramic shell is ceramic or ceramic composite material with the melting point of not lower than 1800 ℃.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a reactor core melt group catcher, wherein the material of the high temperature resistant ceramic shell is TaO2Or ZrO2。
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a reactor core melt grouping catcher, wherein the high temperature resistant ceramic shell is divided into a high temperature resistant ceramic shell upper hemisphere and a high temperature resistant ceramic shell lower hemisphere, which are connected by a screw thread.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a reactor core melt grouping catcher, wherein the material of the metal inner container is metal or alloy with the melting point higher than 1500 ℃.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a reactor core melt group catcher wherein the absolute pressure inside the metal inner container is less than 500 Pa.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a reactor core melt grouping catcher, wherein the metal inner container is divided into an upper metal inner container hemisphere and a lower metal inner container hemisphere which are connected through threads.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a reactor core melt group catcher, wherein the bottom of the high temperature resistant ceramic shell and the bottom of the metal liner are respectively provided with a high temperature resistant ceramic shell counterweight and a metal liner counterweight, and the high temperature resistant ceramic shell counterweight and the metal liner counterweight are respectively used for lowering the center of gravity of the high temperature resistant ceramic shell and the metal liner.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a reactor core melt grouping trap, wherein the high-temperature resistant ceramic shell and the metal inner container are connected through the high-temperature resistant ceramic shell counterweight and the metal inner container counterweight.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a reactor core melt grouping catcher wherein the included angle α is less than 45 °.
The reactor core melt group catcher has the advantages that the reactor core melt group catcher can catch the reactor core melts in groups through the independent container.
The reactor core melt grouping catcher is key equipment for realizing the grouping and independent catching of the reactor core melt, and the shell of the vessel is made of high-temperature-resistant ceramic, so that the early containment of the reactor core melt can be realized; the melting point of the metal liner of the container is low, the interior of the metal liner is kept in vacuum, and when the liner body melts due to high temperature and loses integrity, the reactor core melt is sipped into the interior of the container.
The invention has the following advantages: (1) the grouped trapping of the reactor core melt is beneficial to realizing the effective cooling of the reactor core melt, and the release of radioactive substances is minimized; (2) the design of the vacuum inner container can obviously increase the receiving proportion of the container to the melt; (3) the design of gravity center reduction (realized by adding balance weight) of the metal inner container and the high-temperature resistant ceramic shell can effectively maintain the stability of the container in the process of sipping the molten material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an axial cross-sectional view of an exemplary reactor core melt grouping trap of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an exemplary reactor core melt grouping trap of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
An exemplary reactor core melt grouping trap structure of the present invention is shown in fig. 1-2, and includes a high temperature resistant ceramic housing upper hemisphere 1, a high temperature resistant ceramic housing lower hemisphere 2, a metal liner upper hemisphere 3, a main melt sipping channel 4, an auxiliary melt sipping channel 5, a liner counterweight 6, a housing counterweight 7, a fixing bolt 8, a metal liner lower hemisphere 10, and threads 11.
The upper hemisphere 1 and the lower hemisphere 2 of the high-temperature resistant ceramic shell are made of ceramic or ceramic composite materials (specifically, zirconia or SiC) with the melting point not lower than 1800 ℃, and are connected together through threads 11 to form a complete high-temperature resistant ceramic shell. The upper hemisphere 3 and the lower hemisphere 10 of the metal liner are made of metal or alloy (specifically iron or stainless steel) with a melting point higher than 1500 ℃, and are connected together through threads to form the complete metal liner.
The high-temperature ceramic shell and the metal inner container form a double-layer spherical shell structure, wherein a fully-sealed hollow structure is formed inside the metal inner container, and the absolute pressure in the hollow structure is less than 500 Pa. The hollow structure is used for trapping the reactor core melt through a main melt sipping channel 4 and an auxiliary melt sipping channel 5 which are arranged on the upper hemisphere 1 of the high-temperature ceramic shell. The area of main melt sipping channel 4 is greater than the area of auxiliary melt sipping channel 5, and an angle α formed between an axis of main melt sipping channel 4 and an axis of auxiliary melt sipping channel 5 is less than 45 °.
A gap between the high-temperature resistant ceramic shell and the metal inner container exists, and the maximum width of the gap is less than 8% of the diameter of the metal inner container.
The bottom of the lower hemisphere 2 of the high-temperature resistant ceramic shell is provided with a shell counterweight 7, and the bottom of the lower hemisphere 10 of the metal liner is fixed with a liner counterweight 6 through a fixing bolt 8. The inner container balance weight 6 and the shell balance weight 7 are respectively used for lowering the gravity centers of the high-temperature resistant ceramic shell and the metal inner container. The high-temperature resistant ceramic shell and the metal inner container are connected through one or more groups of fixing bolts 8 by a shell counterweight 7 and an inner container counterweight 6.
The above exemplary method of assembling the reactor core melt grouping catcher of the present invention is as follows:
1) fixing the lower hemisphere 10 of the metal liner on the lower hemisphere 2 of the high-temperature resistant ceramic shell through a fixing bolt 8;
2) fixing the inner container balance weight 6 on the lower hemisphere 10 of the metal inner container through a fixing bolt 8 and pressing tightly;
3) fixing the upper hemisphere 3 of the metal inner container to the lower hemisphere 10 of the metal inner container by screw threads to form a closed space, finishing vacuumizing operation to enable the absolute pressure inside the metal inner container to be less than 500Pa, and welding the closed metal inner container;
4) and fixing the upper hemisphere 1 of the high-temperature-resistant ceramic shell on the lower hemisphere 2 of the high-temperature-resistant ceramic shell by threads 11 to form the high-temperature-resistant ceramic shell, and finishing the assembly of the trap.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such modifications and variations. The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention, and the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms or other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The described embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention should be indicated by the appended claims, and any changes that are equivalent to the intent and scope of the claims should be construed to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A reactor core melt grouping catcher is characterized in that the grouping catcher comprises a double-layer spherical shell structure formed by a high-temperature resistant ceramic shell and a metal inner container,
a fully sealed hollow structure is formed inside the metal liner and is used for trapping the reactor core melt through a main melt sipping channel and an auxiliary melt sipping channel which are formed on the high-temperature ceramic shell;
the area of the main melt sipping channel is larger than the area of the auxiliary melt sipping channel, and a certain included angle alpha is formed between the axis of the main melt sipping channel and the axis of the auxiliary melt sipping channel.
2. The packet trap according to claim 1, characterized in that: the high-temperature resistant ceramic shell is made of ceramic or ceramic composite material with the melting point not lower than 1800 ℃.
3. The packet trap according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the high-temperature resistant ceramic shell is made of TaO2Or ZrO2。
4. The packet trap according to claim 1, characterized in that: the high-temperature resistant ceramic shell is divided into an upper high-temperature resistant ceramic shell hemisphere and a lower high-temperature resistant ceramic shell hemisphere, and the upper high-temperature resistant ceramic shell hemisphere and the lower high-temperature resistant ceramic shell hemisphere are connected through threads.
5. The packet trap according to claim 1, characterized in that: the metal inner container is made of metal or alloy with the melting point higher than 1500 ℃.
6. The packet trap according to claim 1, characterized in that: the absolute pressure in the metal inner container is less than 500 Pa.
7. The packet trap according to claim 1, characterized in that: the metal inner container is divided into an upper metal inner container hemisphere and a lower metal inner container hemisphere which are connected through threads.
8. The packet trap according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bottom of the high-temperature resistant ceramic shell and the bottom of the metal liner are respectively provided with a high-temperature resistant ceramic shell counterweight and a metal liner counterweight, and the high-temperature resistant ceramic shell counterweight and the metal liner counterweight are respectively used for lowering the gravity centers of the high-temperature resistant ceramic shell and the metal liner.
9. The packet trap according to claim 8, characterized in that: the high-temperature resistant ceramic shell and the metal inner container are connected through the high-temperature resistant ceramic shell counterweight and the metal inner container counterweight.
10. The packet trap according to claim 1, characterized in that: the included angle alpha is smaller than 45 degrees.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110279304.6A CN113178270A (en) | 2021-03-16 | 2021-03-16 | Reactor core melt grouping catcher |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110279304.6A CN113178270A (en) | 2021-03-16 | 2021-03-16 | Reactor core melt grouping catcher |
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| CN113178270A true CN113178270A (en) | 2021-07-27 |
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| CN202110279304.6A Pending CN113178270A (en) | 2021-03-16 | 2021-03-16 | Reactor core melt grouping catcher |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009257918A (en) * | 2008-04-16 | 2009-11-05 | Toshiba Corp | Cooling device for molten corium |
| KR101288842B1 (en) * | 2013-01-14 | 2013-08-07 | 한국원자력연구원 | Invessel heat resistant ceramic core catcher having metal cladding |
| CN105513649A (en) * | 2016-01-14 | 2016-04-20 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Reactor core molten debris grouping retention and cooling system |
| CN105551540A (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2016-05-04 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Core melt grouping trapping container |
| CN105551537A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-05-04 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Molten core catcher capable of realizing layered forced spreading |
-
2021
- 2021-03-16 CN CN202110279304.6A patent/CN113178270A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009257918A (en) * | 2008-04-16 | 2009-11-05 | Toshiba Corp | Cooling device for molten corium |
| KR101288842B1 (en) * | 2013-01-14 | 2013-08-07 | 한국원자력연구원 | Invessel heat resistant ceramic core catcher having metal cladding |
| CN105551537A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-05-04 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Molten core catcher capable of realizing layered forced spreading |
| CN105551540A (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2016-05-04 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Core melt grouping trapping container |
| CN105513649A (en) * | 2016-01-14 | 2016-04-20 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Reactor core molten debris grouping retention and cooling system |
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