CN113174747B - 一种擦拭用水刺无纺布及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本申请涉及无纺布领域,更具体地说,它涉及一种擦拭用水刺无纺布及其制备方法。所述水刺无纺布的原料包含改性涤纶纤维与粘胶纤维,所述改性涤纶纤维按照如下方法制备得到:预处理:对涤纶纤维进行碱处理,然后再进行紫外辐照处理,制得预处理纤维;疏水处理:采用硅溶胶预缩体对预处理纤维进行疏水浸泡整理,制得疏水纤维;亲油整理:采用长链烷基硅烷溶液对疏水纤维进行浸泡处理,制得改性涤纶纤维;所述长链烷基硅油的烷烃基的碳原子数>12。本申请制备得到的水刺无纺布不仅具有较好的亲水性,还具有一定的亲油性,能够吸附水相与油相物质,清洁效果好。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及无纺布领域,更具体地说,它涉及一种擦拭用水刺无纺布及其制备方法。
背景技术
水刺无纺布是采用水刺机,将高压微细水流喷射到纤维网层上,是纤维相互交缠,形成密实而强力的布料。采用水刺工艺制成的无纺布可用于洗脸、化妆等个人清洁,也可用于汽车、仪器等设备的清洁。
目前,市面上的无纺布通常采用亲水性纤维作为原料,可有效吸收水分,提高擦拭清洁效果。然而人体皮肤容易渗出油脂,设备表面也会粘附油性物质,采用常规擦拭无纺布难以吸附清除,影响清洁效果。
申请内容
为了提高水刺无纺布对油性物质的清洁效果,本申请提供一种擦拭用水刺无纺布及其制备方法。
第一方面,本申请提供一种擦拭用水刺无纺布,采用如下的技术方案:
一种擦拭用水刺无纺布,所述水刺无纺布的原料包含改性涤纶纤维与粘胶纤维,所述改性涤纶纤维按照如下方法制备得到:
预处理:对涤纶纤维进行碱处理,然后再进行紫外辐照处理,制得预处理纤维;
疏水处理:采用硅溶胶预缩体对预处理纤维进行疏水浸泡整理,制得疏水纤维;
亲油整理:采用长链烷基硅烷溶液对疏水纤维进行浸泡处理,制得改性涤纶纤维;
所述长链烷基硅油的烷烃基的碳原子数>12。
通过采用上述技术方案,由于采用亲油改性的涤纶纤维与粘胶纤维作为原料,制备得到的水刺无纺布具有双亲性,能够有效吸附水分与油性物质,起到更为优异的清洁作用。
本申请的改性方法中,采用碱处理,在碱液的刻蚀作用下,涤纶纤维表面呈现凹凸不平,其比表面积增大;再经过紫外辐照处理后,纤维表面的聚酯分子链发生断裂,产生羟基、羧基等活性基团。采用硅溶胶预缩体处理,使得涤纶纤维表面的活性基团与硅溶胶预缩体发生化学键合,使得二氧化硅纳米粒子吸附于纤维上形成粗糙多孔的表面结构,具有较好的疏水性。最后经长链烷基硅烷整理,长链烷基链接枝于二氧化硅纳米粒子表面,从而产生稳定的疏水亲油效果,最终,使得擦拭无纺布具有吸油作用。
另外,粘胶纤维表面含有较多的亲水基团,具有优异的亲水性,因此,采用粘胶纤维与上述改性涤纶纤维制得的水刺无纺布能够有效地吸附水分以及油性物质,具有较好的清洁作用。
优选的,疏水处理步骤中,所述硅溶胶预缩体采用体积比为(8~10):(2~3):(1~2)的乙醇、正硅酸乙酯与水混合制得。
采用溶胶凝胶法制备硅溶胶预缩体的过程中,需加入适量的无水乙醇以和水,以控制水解速率和凝胶化时间,抑制大颗粒悬浊物的产生,使得纤维表面能够形成均匀的二氧化硅纳米粒子粗糙表面,增大纤维比表面积,提高纤维疏水性的同时,为长链烷基提供接枝位点,以提高纤维的亲油性。最终,增强无纺布对油性物质的吸附能力。
优选的,亲油整理步骤中,所述长链烷基硅油采用十六烷基二甲基氯硅烷与十八烷基三氯硅烷中的一种或其组合物。
通过采用上述技术方案,采用十六烷基二甲基氯硅烷与十八烷基三氯硅烷作为疏水改性剂,将长链烷基接枝于纤维表面,根据相似相溶的原理,增强纤维的亲油性。
优选的,疏水处理,保持硅溶胶预缩体的pH值为10~11。
通过采用上述技术方案,碱性条件能够促进水解进程,增加硅溶胶预聚体的生成量,但碱性过强,会造成二氧化硅粒子团聚,形成凝胶,不利于制备粗糙多孔的表面结构,降低油性物质吸附量。
优选的,预处理步骤中,所述碱处理采用浓度为10~15%的氢氧化钠溶液。
采用10~20%的氢氧化钠溶液对涤纶进行碱处理,能够在涤纶纤维表面产生粗糙的表面结构,增加其比表面积,提高其疏水性的同时,增加后续二氧化硅纳米粒子的吸附量,最终,提高擦拭无纺布油性物质吸附能力。另外,采用上述浓度的氢氧化钠溶液,纤维不易产生较大的强度下降,继而提高无纺布的耐磨性与抗起毛起球性能。
优选的,疏水处理步骤中,所述硅溶胶预缩体中还添加有介孔二氧化硅。
通过采用上述技术方案,介孔二氧化硅为白色颗粒,其具有多孔结构,其负载于涤纶纤维表面,一方面能够增加涤纶纤维的比表面积,提高其疏水亲油性;另一方面,能够为油性物质的吸附提供更大的空间,从而提高涤纶纤维的油性物质吸附量。
优选的,所述水刺无纺布的原料还包含有PE/PP皮芯复合纤维。
通过采用上述技术方案,PE/PP皮芯复合纤维表面的聚乙烯(PE)熔点较低,在高温烘干过程中,聚乙烯熔融作为粘合剂,使得纤维原料之间相互交缠粘合,有利于提高无纺布的强度性能与耐磨性能,进而使得无纺布在擦拭过程中不易起毛。
优选的,所述改性涤纶纤维、粘胶纤维与PE/PP皮芯复合纤维的质量比为(20~40):(50~65):(8~13)。
通过采用上述技术方案,添加适量的PE/PP皮芯复合纤维有助于提高无纺布的耐磨性能;但添加量过多时,容易使得布料的柔软性下降,擦拭性能较差,容易损伤皮肤或设备,第二方面,本申请提供一种擦拭用水刺无纺布的制备方法,采用如下的技术方案:
一种擦拭用水刺无纺布的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1:将改性涤纶纤维、粘胶纤维与PE/PP皮芯复合纤维进行开松,混棉,梳理,铺网,牵伸处理,然后进行水刺处理,水刺压力为100~130bar,得到无纺布半成品;
S2:将无纺布半成品置于105~120℃下烘干,制得擦拭用水刺无纺布。
采用上述水刺压力,能够使纤维之间交缠更为紧密,牢固性高,耐磨性好;采用上述温度,能够使PE/PP皮芯复合纤维表层的聚乙烯熔融,从而进一步的提高纤维之间的连接强度,增强其耐磨性。
综上所述,本申请具有以下有益效果:
1、本申请通过预处理-疏水处理-亲油处理的工艺对涤纶纤维进行改性,从而制得同时具有亲水与亲油性能的擦拭用无纺布,有效地提高了无纺布的擦拭效果。
2、本申请中通过将介孔二氧化硅负载于涤纶纤维表面,在提高无纺布疏水亲油性能的同时,增加了其油性物质吸附量。
3、本申请通过在无纺布原料中添加适量的PE/PP皮芯复合纤维,在保障无纺布柔软性的前提下,显著地增强了无纺布的耐磨性能。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本申请作进一步详细说明。
以下实施例中所采用的粘胶纤维与PE/PP皮芯复合纤维均购买自江苏江南高纤股份有限公司,粘胶纤维的尺寸为1.56dtex*38mm;PE/PP皮芯复合纤维的尺寸为1.5D*38mm;涤纶纤维购买自赛得利(福建)纤维有限公司,涤纶纤维的尺寸为1.56dtex*40mm。
制备例
制备例1,一种改性涤纶纤维,按照如下步骤制备得到:
预处理:采用浓度为12%的氢氧化钠溶液,对涤纶纤维进行碱液浸泡处理,浸泡20min,取出水洗至中性,置于50℃的温度下烘干;然后采用美国TEKTITE公司的3C-8100-UV型紫外光LED灯对涤纶纤维进行紫外辐照处理,紫外光LED灯与涤纶纤维的距离为40cm,辐照时间为3min,制得预处理纤维;
疏水处理:将预处理纤维浸泡于添加有介孔二氧化硅的硅溶胶预缩体溶液中,浴比为1:30;然后加热至80℃,保温并搅拌30min,浸泡过程中,通过低价氨水,保持溶液的pH值为10~11,制得疏水纤维;
亲油整理:采用长链烷基硅烷溶液对疏水纤维进行浸泡处理,浴比为1:20,浸泡温度为30℃,浸泡时间为2h,浸泡完成后取出用无水乙醇清洗3次,制得改性涤纶纤维;
其中,疏水处理步骤中的硅溶胶预缩体由9L乙醇、2L正硅酸乙酯与1.5L水混合而成;亲油整理步骤中的长链烷基硅烷溶液由0.4L的十六烷基二甲基氯硅烷与50L的正己烷溶液混合而成。
制备例2,一种改性涤纶纤维,与制备例1的区别在于,亲油整理步骤中,长链烷基硅烷溶液由0.5L的十八烷基三氯硅烷与50L的正己烷溶液混合而成。
制备例3,一种改性涤纶纤维,与制备例1的区别在于,亲油整理步骤中,长链烷基硅烷溶液由0.25L的十六烷基二甲基氯硅烷、0.25L的十八烷基三氯硅烷与50L的正己烷溶液混合而成。
制备例4,一种改性涤纶纤维,与制备例1的区别在于,疏水处理步骤中,保持硅溶胶预缩体溶液的pH值为8~9。
制备例5,一种改性涤纶纤维,与制备例1的区别在于,疏水处理步骤中,保持硅溶胶预缩体溶液的pH值为11~12。
制备例6,一种改性涤纶纤维,与制备例1的区别在于,预处理步骤中,采用浓度为8%的氢氧化钠溶液进行碱处理。
制备例7,一种改性涤纶纤维,与制备例1的区别在于,预处理步骤中,采用浓度为16%的氢氧化钠溶液进行碱处理。
制备例8,一种改性涤纶纤维,与制备例1的区别在于,疏水处理步骤中,硅溶胶预缩体溶液中未添加介孔二氧化硅。
制备例9,一种改性涤纶纤维,与制备例1的区别在于,预处理步骤中,仅进行碱处理,不进行紫外辐照处理。
制备例10,一种改性涤纶纤维,与制备例1的区别在于,预处理步骤中,仅进行紫外辐照处理,不进行碱处理。
制备例11,一种改性涤纶纤维,与制备例1的区别在于,不进行预处理步骤。
制备例12,一种改性涤纶纤维,与制备例1的区别在于,不进行疏水处理步骤。
制备例13,一种改性涤纶纤维,与制备例1的区别在于,不进行亲油整理步骤。
实施例
实施例1,一种擦拭用水刺无纺布,按照如下步骤制备得到:
S1:将粘胶纤维、PE/PP皮芯复合纤维与制备例1制得的改性涤纶纤维按照60:10:30的质量比进行开松,混棉,梳理,铺网,牵伸处理,然后进行水刺处理,水刺压力为120bar,得到无纺布半成品;
S2:将无纺布半成品置于110℃下烘干,制得擦拭用水刺无纺布。
实施例2,一种擦拭用水刺无纺布,与实施例1的区别在于,步骤S1中,采用等质量的粘胶纤维替代PE/PP皮芯复合纤维。
实施例3,一种擦拭用水刺无纺布,与实施例1的区别在于,步骤S1中,采用制备例2制得的改性涤纶纤维替代制备例1制得的改性涤纶纤维。
实施例4,一种擦拭用水刺无纺布,与实施例1的区别在于,步骤S1中,采用制备例3制得的改性涤纶纤维替代制备例1制得的改性涤纶纤维。
实施例5,一种擦拭用水刺无纺布,与实施例1的区别在于,步骤S1中,采用制备例4制得的改性涤纶纤维替代制备例1制得的改性涤纶纤维。
实施例6,一种擦拭用水刺无纺布,与实施例1的区别在于,步骤S1中,采用制备例5制得的改性涤纶纤维替代制备例1制得的改性涤纶纤维。
实施例7,一种擦拭用水刺无纺布,与实施例1的区别在于,步骤S1中,采用制备例6制得的改性涤纶纤维替代制备例1制得的改性涤纶纤维。
实施例8,一种擦拭用水刺无纺布,与实施例1的区别在于,步骤S1中,采用制备例7制得的改性涤纶纤维替代制备例1制得的改性涤纶纤维。
实施例9,一种擦拭用水刺无纺布,与实施例1的区别在于,步骤S1中,采用制备例8制得的改性涤纶纤维替代制备例1制得的改性涤纶纤维。
实施例10,一种擦拭用水刺无纺布,与实施例1的区别在于,步骤S1中,粘胶纤维、PE/PP皮芯复合纤维与制备例1制得的改性涤纶纤维的质量比为65:15:20。
实施例11,一种擦拭用水刺无纺布,与实施例1的区别在于,步骤S1中,粘胶纤维、PE/PP皮芯复合纤维与制备例1制得的改性涤纶纤维的质量比为60:5:35。
实施例12,一种擦拭用水刺无纺布,与实施例1的区别在于,步骤S2中,烘干温度为90℃。
实施例13,一种擦拭用水刺无纺布,与实施例1的区别在于,步骤S2中,烘干温度为130℃。
对比例
对比例1,一种擦拭用水刺无纺布,与实施例1的区别在于,步骤S1中,采用制备例9制得的改性涤纶纤维替代制备例1制得的改性涤纶纤维。
对比例2,一种擦拭用水刺无纺布,与实施例1的区别在于,步骤S1中,采用制备例10制得的改性涤纶纤维替代制备例1制得的改性涤纶纤维。
对比例3,一种擦拭用水刺无纺布,与实施例1的区别在于,步骤S1中,采用制备例11制得的改性涤纶纤维替代制备例1制得的改性涤纶纤维。
对比例4,一种擦拭用水刺无纺布,与实施例1的区别在于,步骤S1中,采用制备例12制得的改性涤纶纤维替代制备例1制得的改性涤纶纤维。
对比例5,一种擦拭用水刺无纺布,与实施例1的区别在于,步骤S1中,采用制备例13制得的改性涤纶纤维替代制备例1制得的改性涤纶纤维。
对比例6,一种擦拭用水刺无纺布,与实施例1的区别在于,步骤S1中,采用涤纶纤维替代制备例1制得的改性涤纶纤维。
性能检测试验
试验1:改性涤纶纤维亲油性测试试样制备:从制备例1~13中制得的改性涤纶纤维中各剪取长度为3cm的线段作为试样。
试验方法:采用喷雾法测定纤维接触角,通过喷雾的方式,将雾滴喷到单根改性涤纶纤维上,然后采用JC2000A接触角测量仪测量获取液滴在纤维上的图像,再用测量液滴在纤维上所形成的接触角。
通过上述方法将硅油喷雾在纤维试样表面,5分钟后,在纤维上选取5个液滴进行测量,读取各点的算术平均值作为其接触角的结果值,测试结果如表1所示。
试验2:无纺布吸附性能测试试样制备:从实施例1~13和对比例1~6制得的无纺布中剪取6块尺寸为3cm*3cm的布样作为试样。
试验方法:(1)参照ASTMF726-12《吸附剂吸着性能的标准试验方法》中的标准测进行测试。先取3块试样测得上述试样的重量,测得其平均值,记作W0;然后取一个1L的烧杯中,向烧杯内注水,使烧杯内水层高度为8cm,将3块试样平铺于水面上;将烧杯放置于摇床上,设置振动频率为150r/min,振幅为2.5cm,15min后取出,悬空静置控水30s,称重,测得其平均值,记作W1。按照公式(W1-W0)/W0计算得到试样的吸水能力(g.g-1),测试结果如表2所示。
(2)按照上述的方法,取另外3块试样,将烧杯内的水替换为汽油,测量无纺布的吸油能力(g.g-1),测试结果如表2所示。
表1改性涤纶纤维亲油性测试结果
表2无纺布吸附性能测试结果/g.g-1
试验结果分析:
(1)结合实施例1~13与对比例1~6并结合表1和表2可以看出,采用预处理-疏水处理-亲油整理的工艺制备得到的改性涤纶纤维,其具有较好的亲油性,将改性涤纶纤维与粘胶纤维一同制备得到的无纺布,对水性物质与油性物质均具有较好的吸附作用。
(2)结合实施例1与实施例5~6并结合表1和表2可以看出,疏水处理步骤中,保持硅溶胶预缩体溶液的pH值为10~11,制备得到的改性涤纶纤维具有更为优异的亲油性,因而采用该改性涤纶纤维与粘胶纤维一同制备得到的无纺布,对油性物质具有更为优异的吸附作用。其原因可能在于,碱性环境能够促进水解进程,增加硅溶胶预聚体的生成量,但碱性过强,会造成二氧化硅粒子团聚,形成凝胶,不利于制备粗糙多孔的表面结构,降低油性物质吸附量。
(3)结合实施例1与实施例7~8并结合表1和表2可以看出,预处理步骤中,采用浓度为10~15%的氢氧化钠溶液进行碱处理,制备得到的改性涤纶纤维具有更为优异的亲油性,因而采用该改性涤纶纤维与粘胶纤维一同制备得到的无纺布,对油性物质具有更好的吸附作用。其原因可能在于,采用10~20%的氢氧化钠溶液对涤纶进行碱处理,能够在涤纶纤维表面产生粗糙的表面结构,增加其比表面积,提高其疏水性的同时,增加二氧化硅纳米粒子的吸附量,最终,提高擦拭无纺布油性物质吸附能力。
(4)结合实施例1与实施例9并结合表1和表2可以看出,疏水处理步骤中,在硅溶胶预缩体溶液中添加介孔二氧化硅,制备得到的改性涤纶纤维与粘胶纤维一同制得的无纺布,对油性物质具有更好的吸附作用。其原因可能在于,介孔二氧化硅具有多孔结构,其负载于涤纶纤维表面,一方面能够增加涤纶纤维的比表面积,提高其疏水亲油性;另一方面,能够为油性物质的吸附提供更大的空间,从而提高涤纶纤维的油性物质吸附量。
(5)结合实施例1与对比例1~3并结合表1和表2可以看出,预处理步骤中,同时采用碱处理与紫外辐照处理,制备得到的改性涤纶纤维与粘胶纤维一同制得的无纺布,对油性物质具有更好的吸附作用。其原因可能在于,碱处理的作用在于增加涤纶纤维表面的孔隙率,从而增加对硅溶胶预缩体的吸附能力;而紫外辐照能够使涤纶纤维表面的聚酯分子链断裂,并产生羟基、羧基等活性基团,从而能够与硅溶胶预缩体产生化学键合。因此,碱处理与紫外辐照处理一同配合,具有协同效果。
试验3:无纺布耐磨性能测试
试验方法:参照GB/T4802.1-2008《纺织品织物表面起毛起球性的测
定第1部分:圆轨迹法》对试样进行测试。
(1)试样制备:从实施例与对比例制得的面料中剪取5个直径为113±0.5mm的圆形试样和1个直径为113±0.5mm的圆形评级对比样。在温度为23±2℃,相对湿度为(65±2)%的恒温恒湿室内对试样调湿24h。
(2)试验条件:织物磨料采用2201全毛华达呢;泡沫垫片的平方米质量约270g/㎡,厚度约8mm,试样垫片直径约105mm;试验压力为490cN。
(3)试验设备:Y502型圆轨迹起球起毛仪
(4)评分标准:试验结束后,取下试样,在评级箱内,根据试样上的球粒大小、密度、形态对比相应标准样照,选定10位评测人员,参考表3中的视觉评定标准,评定每块试样的起球等级,记录10位评测人员的评定等级并计算得到平均值,试验结果如表4所示。
表3视觉评级标准
表4面料抗起毛起球性能测试结果
试验结果分析:
结合实施例1与实施例7~8并结合表2和表3可以看出,预处理步骤中,采用浓度为10~15%的氢氧化钠溶液进行碱处理,制备得到的改性涤纶纤维与粘胶纤维一同制得的无纺布,对油性物质具有更为优异的吸附作用,且不易起毛起球。其原因可能在于,提高碱的浓度,有利于在涤纶纤维表面形成更多的孔隙,但也容易导致涤纶纤维的强度与耐磨性能下降,使得无纺布在擦拭过程中产生起毛起球现象。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本申请的解释,其并不是对本申请的限制,本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改,但只要在本申请的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。
Claims (4)
1.一种擦拭用水刺无纺布,其特征在于,所述水刺无纺布的原料包含改性涤纶纤维与粘胶纤维,所述改性涤纶纤维按照如下方法制备得到:
预处理:对涤纶纤维进行碱处理,然后再进行紫外辐照处理,制得预处理纤维;
疏水处理:采用硅溶胶预缩体对预处理纤维进行疏水浸泡整理,整理过程中保持硅溶胶预缩体的pH值为10~11,制得疏水纤维;
亲油整理:采用长链烷基硅烷溶液对疏水纤维进行浸泡处理,制得改性涤纶纤维;
所述碱处理采用浓度为10~15%的氢氧化钠溶液;
所述硅溶胶预缩体采用体积比为(8~10):(2~3):(1~2)的乙醇、正硅酸乙酯与水混合制得;所述硅溶胶预缩体中还添加有介孔二氧化硅;
所述长链烷基硅烷溶液为十六烷基二甲基氯硅烷、十八烷基三氯硅烷中的一种或其组合物的溶液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种擦拭用水刺无纺布,其特征在于,所述水刺无纺布的原料还包含有PE/PP皮芯复合纤维。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种擦拭用水刺无纺布,其特征在于,所述改性涤纶纤维、粘胶纤维与PE/PP皮芯复合纤维的质量比为(20~40):(50~65):(8~13)。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的一种擦拭用水刺无纺布的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1:将改性涤纶纤维、粘胶纤维与PE/PP皮芯复合纤维进行开松,混棉,梳理,铺网,牵伸处理,然后进行水刺处理,水刺压力为100~130bar,得到无纺布半成品;
S2:将无纺布半成品置于105~120℃下烘干,制得擦拭用水刺无纺布。
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